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Breast cancer remains a significant challenge in oncology, necessitating the exploration of novel therapeutic options. This study investigates the anticancer effects of ethanol and n-hexane fractions derived from the methanol extract of the Leptastrea purpurea sponge on T47D breast cancer cells. Employing cytotoxicity assays (MTT and WST-1), mitochondrial transmembrane potential assays, and protein expression analysis of p53, Caspase-3, and Bax, we aimed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying their potential anticancer activity. LC-MS/MS analysis was utilized to identify active compounds within the fractions. The results of the experiment demonstrate that the ethanol fraction exhibits significant efficacy against T47D breast cancer cells, with an IC50 value of 25.36 μg/mL indicating potent cytotoxicity. At a concentration of 1508 μg/mL, it induces cell death in 95% of T47D cells, highlighting its specificity in targeting breast cancer cells. Comparative analysis with cisplatin reveals a 9.92% higher rate of cell death induced by the ethanol fraction, suggesting superior apoptosis induction capability. Flow cytometry results show increased p53 expression at concentrations of 754 and 1508 μg/mL, with a concentration-dependent pattern. Furthermore, notable increases in Bax protein expression at concentrations of 377 and 754 μg/mL suggest the involvement of the ethanol fraction in regulating apoptosis. In conclusion, the ethanol fraction demonstrates promising potential as a cytotoxic and apoptosis-inducing agent for breast cancer therapy. These findings underscore the importance of exploring natural products from marine sources as potential anticancer agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most frequent complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) is diabetic ulcer, with a prevalence of 15-20% and an amputation rate of 30%. There is no effective and easy-to-apply treatment for acute-phase open wounds of patients with DM to prevent their development into ulcers. Monascus purpureus jmbA Rice (MJR) from Jember is superior to similar products from other regions in Indonesia because it has the highest monacolin content with an antioxidant effect. The study aimed to prove the effectiveness of MJR gel in accelerating the healing of acute wounds of diabetic rats. This true experimental laboratory research was a posttest-only control group design. We used Rattus norvegicus Wistar rats, 3-4 months old, weighing 200-300 grams. The 36 rats were divided into four treatment groups. The control group was given a gel of MJR 0%. The positive control group was given the antibiotic and placenta extract gel combination, and treatment groups T1 and T2 were given gel MJR40% and MJR80%. Excision wounds were made as deep as the subcutaneous layer on the back of the hyperglycemic rat. Four rats were terminated from each group on days 4, 11, and 18, and skin tissue was taken to observe the percentage of wound area shrinkage, epithelial thickness, and fibroblast count and analyze the levels of hydroxyproline and MDA. The MJR80% group had the highest percentage of wound area shrinkage, epithelial thickness, and fibroblast count compared to other groups. MDA levels decreased with increasing days in all treatment groups. Hydroxyproline levels increased on days 4 and 11, then decreased on day 18 in all treatment groups. We conclude that the 80% MJR group revealed the best acute diabetic wound healing. It was not statistically different from the combination of antibiotic and placenta extract gel treatment group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tracing and characterizing marine natural materials with special medicinal abilities is important to obtain new materials to enrich the diversity of drugs to treat particular diseases. The identification of the chemical components of sponges is interesting, considering the uniqueness and several other abilities possessed by sponges that are thought to have medicinal potential. Searching for chemical components in sponge extracts is suspected to contain secondary metabolic substances with medicinal potential. The study aimed to identify the chemical components of sponge extract with potential medicinal value based on differences in solvents. The first extract on the sponge Clathria (Thalysias) reinwardti Sp.1 (CTR) by maceration method using semi-polar solvents (methanol). The second extraction uses a separating funnel with two types of non-polar solvents (diethyl-ether and n-hexane). The chemical components of the three extracts were analyzed using a gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometer instrument. The identified chemical components of sponge extract generally belong to the class of free fatty acids and cholesterol. Investigation of identified compounds with medicinal value chemical components, for example, Cholestan-3.alpha.-ol, Ergosta-5, Hexadecanoic acid, 1-(2,6-Dichlorophenyl)- 2-indolinone and Pyridine-3-carboxamide. Searching for chemical components with medicinal potential from sponge extracts is novelty research based on differences in solvents, a new method. Complementing the data from this research, it is necessary to carry out further and specific searches related to chemical components with medicinal properties, which can be carried out by chromatographic fractionation and testing the activity of the extract against bacteria. pathogens and parasitic fungi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan dan Ilmu Sosial (JMPIS) is the property of Dinasti Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This literature review examines the hydrogen spillover mechanisms on copper on zinc oxide (Cu/ZnO)-based catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol. The production of methanol from CO2 is an attractive process for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and producing a valuable chemical feedstock. Cu/ZnO-based catalysts are known to exhibit high activity and selectivity towards methanol production and the hydrogen spillover effect is believed to play a crucial role in their performance. The review discusses the current understanding of the hydrogen spillover mechanism, including the nature of the active sites and the factors that affect spillover efficiency. It also summarises recent advances in catalyst design, such as the use of promoters and dopants, to enhance the hydrogen spillover effect and improve catalytic performance. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the hydrogen spillover mechanism on Cu/ZnO-based catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol, highlighting the potential of this technology for sustainable methanol production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Garlic (Allium sativum), red ginger (Zingiber officinale), turmeric (Curcuma longa), tea (Camellia sinensis), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), bitter melon (Momordica charantia), pearl grass (Hedyotis corymbosa (L.) Lamk.), soybean (Glycine max), grape (Vitis venifera) and Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) were studied for their anticancer potential in colon cancer. Using a combination of these plants as promising anticancer agents still requires further exploration from the cultivation and formulation. This research was aimed at the phytochemical analysis and evaluation of the anticancer potential of these plants in colon cancer. The Brine Shrimp Lethality toxicity test using Artemia salina Leach larvae was used to determine the LC50 value of the plant extracts. Two of the ten plants with the lowest LC50 values include turmeric and ginger, with cytotoxicity values of 15.995 ppm and 3.488 ppm, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study intends to determine the perceptions of the in-service Teacher profession education program (PPG) students towards Indonesian network learning system (SPADA) hybrid learning. This study employed a survey method with a qualitative approach. Subjects in this study were 82 of 87 PPG Daljab 1 Batch 1 students. The technique of collecting data was through the instruments of questionnaires and interviews. The questionnaire was used to obtain data about the quality of online content and the assessment of online learning that has been carried out. Interviews were conducted to confirm the results of the questionnaire data to see the compatibility between the two data. Data analysis techniques in this study were conducted qualitatively and quantitatively by considering to the research objectives. The results showed that online learning had sharp quality content, can be accepted and well understood, easy to operate and use, overcomes distance and time constraints, and has benefits that are in line with the objectives of PPG implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Il Fisioterapista is the property of Edi.Ermes S.r.l. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research aimed to find out TikTok application in fostering students' ability to speak in terms of fluency and accuracy. This research was conducted with pre-experimental method. The sample of the research, the respondents are the student grade 8 in Kelurahan Sari Rejo Medan Polonia 2023/2024 which consisted of 15 students. The data were gathered through quantitative. When collecting data, the researcher gave a speaking test, the speaking test was divided into two steps, namely pre-test and post-test, while the researcher used the (t) test to analyze the data. The findings of this research show that the average score on the pre-test in terms of pronunciation is (5) and the post-test is (5.93). The average score for pre-test fluency is (2) and post-test is (5.06). And the total result of pronunciation and fluency or X1 is (3.5) and the post-test or X2 is (4.03). So it shows that students have improved in speaking after being taught via the TikTok application, students' English speaking skills are better than before. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis and characterization of a novel oligomeric cyclic carbazole-based material (PCz1) for an application as hole transporter (HTM) in hybrid perovskite photovoltaic devices are reported. Its preliminary application in Cs0.08FA0.80MA0.12Pb(I0.88Br0.12)3 mixed perovskite solar cell (PSC) leads to a device power conversion efficiency of 18.04% which is comparable to that of the Spiro-OMeTAD reference cells (17.94%). In addition, the novel HTM is proved to act as a good barrier and protect satisfactorily the perovskite surface giving highly stable PSC devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mesoporous silica embedded with iron oxide succesfully synthesized by wet impregnation following with microwave. Resulting material have characterized by XRD, FTIR, EDX, BET and TEM. The result showed that mesoporous silica morphology is the hexagonal structure-like with surface area is 470 m2/g, pore volume is 0.87 cc/g and pore diameter of 6.5 nm. The interesting phenomenon showed that the amount of iron particle on surfacearea is 25.47% which has high similarity with the weight of the adding iron during preparation. The most functional group that observed by FTIR in mesoposorous silica sample are silanol Si-OH, Si-O-Si and Fe-O-Si. It was effectively used as an adsorbent for the adsorption of cadmium (II) ion. Mesoporous silica applied for cadmium ion which is carried out by cadmium solution with initial concentration was 23.97 mmol/L for 7 h at 25°C with stirring rate 150 rpm. The optimum contact time of the adsorption capacity was reached at 80 minutes. The optimum adsorption capacity for cadmium ions was 74.25 mmol/g fitted by kinetic models Lagergren. According to these results, mesoporous silica embedded with iron oxide could be a potential material for heavy metal removal process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The incorporation of large organic ammonium ions renders the crystallization dynamics and layer formation process of halide perovskites complex, difficult to control, and leads to problems of suppressed charge transport with the formation of tiny‐sized grains. In this paper, the use of methylammonium chloride (MACl) and an excess of PbI2 is introduced as a co‐additives in the precursor solution for the control of phenylmethylammonium or benzylammonium (PMA+ spacer) and formamidinium (FA+)‐based quasi‐2D PMA2FAn−1PbnI3n+1 (n = 5) perovskite layers formation. By this method, the morphology of the layer, the inner phase distribution, and the charge transport properties are improved. By employing glow discharge‐optical emission spectroscopy (GD‐OES) and other techniques, it is revealed that the quasi‐2D perovskites prepared in the presence of co‐additives exhibit uniform removal dynamics of the solvent across the film. Furthermore, the grain growth mode, upon thermal annealing, is lateral. It results in large, monolithic grains with low‐trap state density and excellent substrate coverage. Particularly, co‐additives improve the cations dispersion upon the crystallization process, thus suppressing the low‐n phase formed through the aggregation of spacer cations and accelerating the formation of the high‐n phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Black garlic is a fermented product from garlic (Allium sativum L.) that is processed by heating fresh garlic at a certain temperature and humidity for several days. Black garlic has higher antioxidant activity and is rich in organosulfur compounds. Therefore, black garlic has an unpleasant taste and odor. Spray drying of black garlic extract is important for wider application, preservation and prolongation of its shelflife. Black garlic powders were produced using SD-18A mini spray dryer. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of inlet temperatures on the physical properties and antioxidant activity of aqueous black garlic powder. The inlet temperatures ranged from 165 to 225 °C, whereas other conditions were kept constant such as maltodextrin concentration (8 %) and feed flow rate (4.5 mL/min). The black garlic powders were examined for powder yield, moisture content, hygroscopicity, bulk density, wettability, antioxidant activity and total phenolic and flavonoid content. The optimal conditions for the drying process were achieved with an inlet temperature of 225 °C. An increase in the inlet temperature of the spray dryer has increased the powder yield, hygroscopicity, antioxidant activity and total phenolic and flavonoid content of the black garlic powder, but reduced the water content, bulk density and wettability of the spraydried product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous experiments have demonstrated improvements on the efficiency of perovskite solar cells by introducing plasmonic nanoparticles, however, the underlying mechanisms are still not clear: the particles may enhance light absorption and scattering, as well as charge separation and transfer, or the perovskite's crystalline quality. Eventually, it can still be debated whether unambiguous plasmonic increase of light absorption has indeed been achieved. Here, various optical models are employed to provide a physical understanding of the relevant parameters in plasmonic perovskite cells and the conditions under which light absorption may be enhanced by plasmonic mechanisms. By applying the recent generalized Mie theory to gold nanospheres in perovskite, it is shown that their plasmon resonance is conveniently located in the 650–800 nm wavelength range, where absorption enhancement is most needed. It is evaluated for which active layer thickness and nanoparticle concentration a significant enhancement can be expected. Finally, the experimental literature on plasmonic perovskite solar cells is analyzed in light of this theoretical description. It is estimated that only a tiny portion of these reports can be associated with light absorption and point out the importance of reporting the perovskite thickness and nanoparticle concentration in order to assess the presence of plasmonic effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mathematical problem-solving is important for learning mathematics and is needed in the 21st century. In the 21st century, education technology has been complementing every learning activity. Research on learners’ mathematical problem-solving improvement increased rapidly over the last few decades. This study examined the effectiveness of technology-based mathematics learning interventions on learners’ mathematical problemsolving at all levels of education in Indonesia. The researchers only took meta-analysis research from 2015 to 2023 from indexing databases, such as Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Science and Technology Index (SINTA) indexers. The collected research articles were from only national journals in Indonesia. The screened data became the research results, containing the mean, standard deviation, number of samples (N), and the scale used in the research. This research had 19 independent studies in this meta-analysis. The data analysis applied meta-analysis, specifically the mean effect size value. The results of data analysis using Jeffrey’s Amazing Statistics Program (JASP) software showed the effective implementation of innovative and fun technology-based mathematics learning interventions. These findings highlighted the importance of incorporating technology into mathematics education and its potential for improving learners’ problemsolving skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moringa oleifera L., commonly known as Kelor in Indonesia and miracle tree in English, has a rich history of utilization for medicinal, nutritional, and water treatment purposes dating back to ancient times. The plant is renowned for its abundance of vitamins, minerals, and various chemical constituents, making it a valuable resource. Among its notable pharmacological properties are its effectiveness as an anti-diabetic, anti-diarrheal, anti-helmintic, anti-leishmanial, anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, anti-allergic, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant agent. In this comprehensive review, we delve into the extensive pharmacological applications and phytochemical constituents of M. oleifera and its application in dental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is essential to analyze the toxicity and release of bioactive compounds in R. tuberosa L. extract microcapsules coated with gum Arabic and to provide information on the use of microcapsules as a drug delivery system with controlled release of active ingredients. Investigations focused on the effect of pH and timing on discharge kinetics, as well as toxicity evaluation. The release of active ingredients from microcapsules was carried out in medium variations, namely pH 2.2 and pH 7.4, with release durations of 30, 60-, 90-, 120-, and 150-min. Bioactive compounds were released by 59.23% at pH 2.2 and 58.21% at pH 7.4 within 150 min. The BSLT (brine shrimp lethal toxicity) assay was used using brine shrimp larvae (Artemia salina L.), resulting in a non-toxic classification as evidenced by an LC50 value of 5729 µg/mL. Microcapsules in optimum conditions were then characterized using FTIR (Fourier-Transform Infrared) and SEM (scanning electron microscopy) instruments. The FTIR analysis showed variations in functional groups in R. tuberosa L. extracts, gum Arabic, and microcapsules. Furthermore, the SEM examination highlighted the morphology of microcapsules that were mostly spherical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To push the commercialization of the promising photovoltaic technique of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the three-element golden law of efficiency, stability, and cost should be followed. As the key component of PSCs, hole-transporting materials (HTMs) involving widely-used organic semiconductors such as 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis-(N,N-di-4-methoxyphenylamino)-9,9'-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) or poly(triarylamine) (PTAA) usually suffer high-cost preparation and low operational stability. Fortunately, the studies on the classical p-type polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) as an alternative HTM have recently sparked a broad interest due to its low-cost synthesis, excellent batch-to-batch purity, superior hole conductivity as well as controllable and stable film morphology. Despite this, the device efficiency still lags behind P3HT-based PSCs mainly owing to the mismatched energy level and poor interfacial contact between P3HT and the perovskite layer. Hence, in this review, the study timely summarizes the developed strategies for overcoming the corresponding issues such as interface engineering, morphology regulation, and formation of composite HTMs from which some critical clues can be extracted to provide guidance for further boosting the efficiency and stability of P3HT-based devices. Finally, in the outlook, the future research directions either from the viewpoint of material design or device engineering are outlined., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

This work describes a novel method for the efficient reductive depolymerization of polyester and polycarbonate plastic waste using pinacolborane (HBpin) catalyzed by Zn(OAc)2.2H2O and Zn(OTf)2. This method is applied to a variety of plastic waste and has the advantages of combining the use of non‐toxic, cheap, and commercially available catalysts with a mild, easy‐to‐handle reducing agent, with excellent yields, under mild reaction conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sponges from freshwater environments are poorly known producers of phytochemicals with pharmacological potency. Oncosclera asiatica and Eunapius carteri are freshwater sponges from the Porong River, East Java province. They can be considered promising new sources of bioactive compounds. This study aims to investigate the pharmacological potency of O. asiatica and E. carteri extracts. Qualitative phytochemical and GC-MS analyses were performed on the O. asiatica and E. carteri extracts. Antioxidant capacity was determined using DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging activities, whereas in vitro anti-diabetic activity was evaluated using a-glucosidase inhibition. The phytochemicals were identified by GC-MS in O. asiatica and E. carteri extracts, such as fatty acid esters including hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester; 9-hexadecenoic acid, methyl ester, (Z); 9,12-Octadecadienoyl chloride (Z, Z); 9-Octadecenamide (Z); and decanedioic acid, dibutyl ester, and others. In addition, the n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions from E. carteri exhibited good a-glucosidase inhibitory activity. This study revealed that O. asiatica and E. carteri extracts are potential sources of pharmaceutically useful bioactive compounds of natural origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research primarily focuses on the development of innovative topical nanoemulsions for etodolac, aimed at surmounting its inherent limitations. The preparation of etodolac nanoemulsions is accomplished through a combination of high shear homogenization and ultrasonication methods. The optimization of the formulation components is systematically conducted using the design of experiments methodology. The droplet size (DS), polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential (ZP) of the optimized formulation were assessed using the differential light scattering (DLS) technique. Surface morphology examinations were conducted using electron microscopy, while interactions between excipients and the drug were analyzed through FTIR analysis. Additionally, in vitro release and ex vivo permeability studies were carried out. Furthermore, anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated in the context of a carrageenan-induced paw edema model in rats. The DS, PDI, and ZP of the optimal formulation were 163.5 nm, 0.141, and −33.1 mV, respectively. The in vitro release profile was assessed as a sustained release by following a non-Fickian drug transport. The flux of etodolac nanoemulsions and coarse dispersions were 165.7 ± 11.7 µg/cm2 h and 59.7 ± 15.2 µg/cm2 h, respectively. Enhanced edema inhibition was observed at 13.4%, 36.5%, and 50.65% for the 6th, 8th, and 24th hours, respectively. Taken together, these results confirmed that nanoemulsions are promising carriers for the topical delivery of etodolac. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The modular approach is a powerful tool in current inorganic crystal chemistry. It enables not only a more detailed analysis of the known structures and the determination of structural relationships between them, but also the prediction of potentially novel structures that can be applied in modern materials science. A large number of examples of compounds with modular structures allows us to state that structural modularity is a widely spread phenomenon among natural and synthetic compounds. The use of the formalism of OD theory makes it possible to analyze the symmetry of polytypes with different crystal structures. In this review, we collected new data published in the last 15 years about OD structures and phenomena of polytypism and modularity in inorganic compounds, as well as the topological approach to the analysis of crystal structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Democracy and political decentralization policies aim to enhance and strengthen democracy at the local level in Indonesia. As part of strengthening democratization and decentralization, direct regional head elections were organized and held. However, in several cases the regional head election gave the opportunity for political dynasties to rise and perpetuate the power. In other words, through the election of regional heads, political dynasties enter and survive. The political dynasties have hijacked local democracy through the electoral arena. Such conditions occur in Banten, both at the provincial and district or city levels. The political dynasties in Banten emerged and won the electoral competition. There are several factors that contribute to the emergence and survival of political dynasties in Banten. First, the support of political parties. Second, the weak political elite's counter. Third, the weakness of civil society power and mass media control. Fourth, the weak of political culture of the society. As an analytical tool, this study uses the theory of decentralization, political dynasties and political culture. The research approach is qualitative by using data collection techniques through in-depth interviews and literature study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A high crystallinity proportion of cellulose and nanocellulose in some points contribute to the solubility in polar solvent. This paper reports oxidation reaction study by using potassium permanganate of the cellulose and nanocellulose isolated from the soft wood of Paraserianthes falcataria. The reaction was conducted under acidic condition at 30 and 70℃ for 12 and 24 hours. The product was characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, DTA-TGA, and solubility test. Oxidation of cellulose resulted in the opening of hemiacetal of glucopyranose chain, as indicated by carbonyl peak recorded in FTIR spectra. The particle size was determined and amorphous product of cellulose and nanocellulose was isolated. In addition, the DTA/TGA analysis indicate the oxidized cellulose give a more stable structure than the nanocellulose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are attracting a tremendous attention from the scientific community due to their excellent power conversion efficiency, low cost, and great promise for the future of solar energy. The best PSCs have already achieved a certified power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.5 % after an unprecedented rapid performance rise. However, high requirements with respect to large area, high-efficiency devices, and stability are still the challenges. Major efforts, especially for achieving a high degree of chemical control, have been made to reach these targets. The use of halide additives has played a critical role in improving the efficiency and stability. The present paper reviews the important breakthroughs in PSC technologies made by using halide additives, especially chloride, and pseudo-halide additives for the preparation of the perovskite layers, other layers, and interfaces of the devices. These additives help perovskite (PVK) crystallization and layer morphology control, grain boundary reduction, bulk and interface defects passivation, and so on. Normally, these halide additives play different roles depending on their categories and their location. Herein, recent progresses made due to additives employment in every possible layer of PSCs are reviewed, with focus on chloride, other halides, and pseudo-halides as additives in PVK films, halide additives in carrier transport layers, and at PVK-contact interfaces. Finally, an outlook of engineering of these additives in PSC progress is given., (© 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Hole transport materials are crucial for efficient charge extraction in perovskite solar cells to achieve high power conversion efficiency and stability. Herein, the hole transport properties of the 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis-(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)9,9′-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD) thin films with a dopant lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) are investigated through impedance spectroscopy. Upon doping, we observe a dispersive hole transport with nearly a 100-fold increase in the hole mobility compared with the pristine spiro-OMeTAD films. The hole mobilities slightly decrease with increasing electric fields for both films, exhibiting a negative electric field dependence of mobility due to the positional disorder. Subsequently, the charge carrier density of the LiTFSI-doped spiro-OMeTAD film is three orders of magnitude higher than that of the pristine film. The LiTFSI dopant induces two different electrical regions in the doped thin film, which can be reflected through impedance spectroscopy. The presented investigation through impedance spectroscopy is of high practical interest for the development of hole transport materials and the optimization of the transport layer doping in perovskite solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theoretical studies have been carried out using DFT, ab initio MP2 and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations of corrosion inhibitors from lawsone derivatives against carbon steel. The research focuses on studying the effect of substituent groups in the lawsone structure on the efficiency of corrosion inhibition in mild steel. Quantum chemical parameters of lawstone inhibitors in neutral and protonated conditions have been calculated. Fukui's function analysis predicts that the active side of the inhibitor will be adsorbed on the mild steel surface. MC simulation is used to understand the adsorption patterns of lawsone compounds on metal surfaces. The organic inhibitor L-NH2 has better performance as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in neutral or protonated conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]