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Orthognathic surgery in reference to the maxilla attempts to correct underlying skeletal deformities and improve function. Consequently it has the potential to significantly alter the central esthetic unit of the face, the nasolabial region. In order to evaluate the nasal morphological changes which would result following anterior maxillary segmental osteotomy (superior and posterior repositioning); four angles namely, nasolabial, nasal tip projection, columellar labial and supra tip break angle were evaluated.In ten selected subjects who have undergone anterior maxillary segmental osteotomy with superior and posterior repositioning, pre (T1) and post operative (T2) lateral cephalometric parameters pertaining to the four angles were analysed using Wilcoxon signed rank test.A significant increase in nasolabial angle and mild changes in nasal tip projection, columellar labial angle and supra tip break angle were observed.The results of this study emphasize the need for the pre surgical evaluation of nasal morphology in every individual planned for anterior maxillary segmental osteotomy.

The present work reveals soft lithography strategy based on self assembly and replica molding for carrying out micro and nanofabrication. It provides a convenient, effective and very low cost method for the formation and manufacturing of micro and nano structures. Al-layer of compact disc (sony CD-R) used as a stamp with patterned relief structures to generate patterns and structures with pattern size of 100nm height, 1.7 μm wide. In literature, PDMS (Polydimethylsiloxane) solution is widely used to get negative copy of the Al-layer. In this work, we have used inexpensive white glue (Polyvinylacetate + water), 15gm (□5) and PVDF (Polyvinylidene difluoride) spin coated films and successfully transferred the nano patterns of Al layer on to white glue and PVDF films.

The cold dispersion relation of a vane-loaded cylindrical waveguide was combined with the hot dispersion relation of a gyro-TWT in an unloaded waveguide to obtain the hot dispersion relation of a vane-loaded gyro-TWT. Both the device gain and bandwidth were increased by controlling the beam parameters, namely, the voltage, current, and velocity pitch factor of the beam, as well as its location. The device gain and bandwidth characteristics were also found to be highly sensitive to the background magnetic field. Study clearly demonstrated the need to take into account the role of the beam and background magnetic field parameters in efforts to broadband a gyro-TWT by using innovative structures like a vane-loaded cylindrical waveguide. ©2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 24: 140–145, 2000.

A cylindrical waveguide, provided with wedge-shaped metal vanes projecting radially inward from the wall of the guide, excited in the transverse electric (TE) mode, was analysed. The analysis was carried out considering the angular harmonics generated by the angular positioning of the vanes. A set of equations was generated in the Fourier amplitudes of field constants. The condition for nontrivial solutions for the field constants gave the dispersion relation of the structure. From the expression of power flow down the structure, its interaction impedance was also estimated. The shape of the dispersion characteristics and the value of the cutoff frequency as well as the interaction impedance characteristics of the waveguide were found to depend on the vane parameters their number as well as their radial and angular dimensions. The optimum vane parameters were obtained corresponding to the minimum variation of the slope of the ω-β dispersion plot, such parameters being useful from the standpoint of the ban...

The notion of behaviors introduced by Willems gives a good description of dynamicalsystems without reference to any particular representation of the system in terms of equations. Inthis note, we introduce a notion of behaviors that allows us to describe singular systems in a verynatural way. The new definition of behaviors given here is closely related to that of a sheaf overthe projective line, and we make this connection precise.

Anthropometry is an art and science used extensively for measuring the soft tissue proportions. While it is true that error is found in measurements of this kind, a great many trends of growth and development and therapy changes can be recorded with a significant degree of accuracy.Facial proportion varies among the different ethnic groups and today, most of the available studies are done on western population. Hence an Anthropometric study was conducted in the local population.The study was carried out with the aim of measuring the facial soft tissue proportion in the local population using anthropometry. Study was done using 100 subjects (50 males and 50 females) with Class I skeletal relationship and pleasing profile. Using standard anthropometric landmarks the various anthropometric measurements and facial proportional indices were determined (both horizontal and vertical) and were compared with that for North American Caucasians.The statistical analysis revealed significant differences in the facial proportion between the two populations.

A marine spatial planning approach was used to locate possible sites for offshore wind development in Rhode Island. In connection with the Rhode Island ocean special area management plan, a technology development index was developed by Spaulding et al. (2010) to quantify the technical challenges of a particular site relative to its potential power production. A component of this index is the technology type (TT) factor, which quantifies the relative cost of a structure/foundation system as a function of environmental loading, water depth, and soil conditions. This paper presents the development of TT factors for jacket type support structures that is proposed for supporting the offshore wind turbines in Rhode Island Sound. TT factors were calculated by the total weight of the jacket and piles for a given water depth and soil conditions normalized by the weight of a reference structure. Jacket structure weights were determined by a frequency driven finite element analysis using the program ANSYS. The structure was subjected to hydrodynamic and quasi-static turbine loads from 50-year extreme wind and the 100-year extreme wave loading in Rhode Island Sound to determine the ultimate stresses in the structural members. Pile foundation weights were determined from an analysis of the axial capacity and the lateral capacity using commercially available pile design software. Jacket and foundation weights were calculated for water depth ranging from 30 m to 60 m and for three representative soil types. These analyses resulted in a Technology Type factor that varies with water depth according to a 2nd order polynomial, and also with soil type. The results were compared to the weights of two existing jacket structures in Europe and found to be in agreement with the upper bound estimate derived from this study. The Technology Type factor derived in this study was also in good agreement with the published actual cost (normalized) of jacket type foundations used in the United Kingdom.

Background: The thickness of the masseter muscle during relaxation and contraction states was measured by ultrasonography. Subjects were classified according to their sagittal skeletal relationships. The association between muscle thickness and facial morphology was studied. Context: Masseter muscle thickness influences the skeletal patterns. Aim: To measure and compare the thickness of the masseter muscle in individuals with skeletal class I occlusion and skeletal class II malocclusions and to correlate its relationship with craniofacial morphology. Settings and Design: The study was conducted in a hospital setup and was designed to study the thickness of the masseter muscle in different skeletal morphologies. Materials and Methods: Seventy two individuals between the ages of 18 and 25 years were divided into Group I, Group IIA and Group IIB according to their skeletal relationships. Masseter muscle thickness was measured by ultrasonography. Eight linear and six angular cephalometric measurements were assessed. Statistical Analysis Used: Analysis of variance and Pearson's correlation analysis. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in muscle thickness between subjects of different skeletal patterns. Significant positive correlation between masseter muscle thickness and posterior total face height, jarabak ratio, ramus height, mandibular length and significant negative correlations with mandibular plane angle, gonial angle and PP-MP angle were observed. Conclusion: This study indicates the strong association between the masseter muscle and skeletal morphology.