Search

Numerous studies have shown there exist attention biases for self-related and negative stimuli. Few studies, however, have been carried out to compare the effects of such stimuli on the neural mechanisms of early attentional alertness and subsequent cognitive processing. The purpose of the present study was to examine the temporal primacy of both self-related stimuli and negative stimuli in the neurophysiologic level. In a modified oddball task, event-related potentials of the deviant stimuli (i.e., self-face, negative face and neutral face) were recorded. Results revealed that larger P2 amplitudes were elicited by self-related and negative stimuli than by neutral stimuli. Negative stimuli, however, elicited shorter P2 latencies than self-related and neutral stimuli. As for the N2 component, self-related and negative stimuli elicited smaller amplitudes and shorter latencies than neutral stimuli, but otherwise did not differ. Self-related stimuli also elicited larger P3 and late positive component (LPC) amplitudes than negative and neutral stimuli. The pattern of results suggests that the primacy of negative stimuli occurred at an early attention stage of processing, while the primacy of self-related stimuli occurred at the subsequent cognitive evaluation and memory stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT.Self-face advantage refers to adults’ response to self-face is faster than that to other-face. A stop-signal task was used to explore how self-face advantage interacted with response inhibition. The results showed that reaction times of self-face were faster than that of other-face not in the go task but in the stop response trials. The novelty of the finding was that self-face has shorter stop-signal reaction time compared to other-face in the successful inhibition trials. These results indicated the processing mechanism of self-face may be characterized by a strong response tendency and a corresponding strong inhibition control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The impact of emotions on intuitive and analytical thinking has been widely studied. Most research suggests that negative emotions enhance analytical processing. However, there are studies indicating that the sense of certainty associated with disgust can stimulate intuitive processing. Despite these findings, the neuroelectrophysiological evidence supporting the role of disgust in promoting intuitive processing remains unexplored., Methods: This study aimed to investigate the neuroelectrophysiological mechanisms by which disgust promotes intuitive processing. A total of 54 participants were recruited and randomly assigned to specific emotion groups. Emotional states were induced by exposing participants to disgust and fear videos designed to evoke specific dimensions of certainty and uncertainty. Event-related potentials (ERP) and the Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT) were utilized as experimental materials to measure participants' responses., Results: The results demonstrated that disgust facilitated intuitive thinking, as evidenced by the lowest accuracy in behavioral outcomes. ERP findings showed that disgust led to smaller N2 and larger P3b amplitudes under conditions of conflict. These results suggest that disgust reduces individuals' conflict-detection ability, resulting in a stronger sense of certainty in intuitive but incorrect answers., Conclusion: This study provides neuroelectrophysiological evidence that disgust enhances intuitive thinking. The findings offer a new perspective on the influence of emotions on dual-process thinking, highlighting the role of disgust in shaping intuitive and analytical thought processes., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 Li et al.)

In this study, electrophysiological correlates of belief-laden reasoning were investigated. As subjects, trained participants were required to draw a logical conclusion after being exposed to 4 conditional arguments: the inhibitory content of modus tollens (ICMT), facilitatory content of modus tollens (FCMT), inhibitory content of denial of the antecedent (ICDA) and facilitatory content of denial of the antecedent (FCDA). Event-related potentials were employed to record the processing of minor premises. The results show that in comparison with FCMT, a greater negativity in the ICMT developed during both the 400- to 600- and the 800- to 1,600-ms time windows. A greater anterior cingulate cortex activity observed in the 800- to 1,600-ms time window in ICMT could reflect a detection of the conflict between empirical beliefs and logical rules. However, the components elicited by ICDA and FCDA were not significantly different. The results indicate that logical training influenced MT and DA forms of belief-laden reasoning in different ways and different strategies were likely adopted in the inference processes., (© 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel.)