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63. Motivating people to learn cardiopulmonary resuscitation and use of automated external defibrillators.

Author

McDonald DD, Martin D, Foley D, Baker L, Hintz D, Faure L, Erman N, Palozie J, Lundquist K, O'Brien K, Prior L, Songco N, Muscillo G, Graziani D, Tomczyk M, and Price S

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to test the effect of a motivational message on the Intention of laypersons to learn cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and automated external defibrillator (A ED) use, A pretest-posttest, double-blind, randomized design was used with 220 community-dwelling adults, Participants were randomly assigned to the treatment group reading the CPR and AED pamphlet emphasizing learning CPR and AED use to save someone they love and the 3-minute window for response time; or to the comparison group reading the identical pamphlet without the 2 motivational statements. Intention to learn CPR and AED use and to look for AEDs in public areas was measured before and after reading the respective pamphlet No significant difference emerged between the groups for the number of participants planning to learn CPR and AED use. A significant number of participants in both groups increased intention to learn CPR and AED use. Significantly more treatment participants than comparison participants planned to routinely look for AEDs in public areas after reading the pamphlet, however. Teaching critical facts such as the low survival rate for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest might encourage laypersons to learn CPR and AED use. Routinely teaching family members of people at risk for a cardiac arrest about the short window of time in which CPR and AED use must begin and encouraging them to learn about CPR and AEDs to save someone they love may encourage family members to identify the location of AEDs in public places. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2010
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71. Activation of the human neutrophil by calcium-mobilizing ligands. II. Correlation of calcium, diacyl glycerol, and phosphatidic acid generation with superoxide anion generation.

Author

Korchak, H M, Vosshall, L B, Haines, K A, Wilkenfeld, C, Lundquist, K F, and Weissmann, G

Abstract

Calcium and protein kinase C (Ca2+/phospholipid-dependent enzyme) have been proposed to act as signals in triggering superoxide anion (O2-) generation by neutrophils. We have probed the adequacy and necessity of calcium and diacylglycerol (DG), activators of protein kinase C, in eliciting O2- generation and degranulation. Activation of neutrophils by the ligand 10(-7) M fMet-Leu-Phe triggered elevation of cytosolic calcium (fura-2) and a rapid, biphasic increase in labeled DG in [14C]glycerol and [3H]arachidonate prelabeled cells. Buffering of the fMet-Leu-Phe-induced elevation of cytosolic calcium with MAPTAM (a cell permeant EGTA analogue) inhibited O2- generation by 90% and degranulation by 50%, concordant with a role of calcium in signaling. However, buffering the increase in calcium also decreased DG. Since phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate breakdown in response to fMet-Leu-Phe was not inhibited and phosphatidic acid levels were enhanced in MAPTAM pretreated cells, the removal of calcium may enhance further DG metabolism. Thus, a requirement for calcium could not be differentiated from a requirement for DG, and the profound inhibition of O2- generation in the presence of MAPTAM may reflect removal of DG. Four stimuli, fMet-Leu-Phe, 10(-7) M leukotriene B4, 100 micrograms/ml concanavalin A, and 200 nM ionomycin elevated cytosolic calcium and triggered release of specific granules, but only fMet-Leu-Phe and concanavalin A triggered substantial O2- generation. Nevertheless, all four stimuli significantly increased labeled DG. Therefore, elevated DG and elevated calcium may be necessary but do not appear adequate to elicit O2- generation. Only fMet-Leu-Phe and concanavalin A triggered generation of phosphatidic acid (PA) together with DG. Correlation of O2- generation with PA may reflect a requirement for PA per se or for a specific pool of DG that can be further metabolized to PA.

Published
1988
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78. ChemInform Abstract: Stereochemical Assignment of the threo and erythro Forms of 2‐(2,6‐Dimethoxyphenoxy)‐1‐(3,4‐dimethoxyphenyl)‐1,3‐propanediol from X‐Ray Analyses of the Synthetic Intermediates (Z)‐2‐(2,6‐Dimethoxyphenoxy)‐3‐(3,4‐dimethoxyphenyl)‐2‐propenoic Acid and threo‐2‐(2,6‐Dimethoxyphenoxy)‐3‐(3,4‐dimethoxyphenyl)‐3‐hydroxypropanoic Acid.

Author

LUNDQUIST, K., primary, STOMBERG, R., additional, and VON UNGE, S., additional

Published
1988
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