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A wide-ranging organism, such as plants, fungi, insects, marine organisms, and bacteria are the main sources of bioactive substances. Among them, medicinal plants offer harmless elusive means to improve our health conditions. Moreover, plant-derived bioactive is an inspiration for developing several therapeutic agents having extensively diverse chemo-structures and exhibit superior biological properties like antimicrobial, anticancer, and antioxidant, anti-inflammatory properties. Hence, many of them are used in therapeutic applications to treat various human ailments. Markedly, tropical countries harbor the maximum global biodiversity and constitute several vital plant species with pharmacological potential. Hence, they are being explored for bioactive compounds, and other raw materials to manufacture herbal medicines or chemo-drugs. In the present time, the emergence of microbial resistance to conventional antibiotics has become a major threat in treating microbial infections. Further, side effects caused by classical antibiotics have forced scientists to work toward exploring novel antimicrobial agents to overcome these hitches. Phytoconstituents have been shown to have prospective antimicrobial properties against both sensitive and resistant pathogenic microbes by exerting diverse mode of action. In this chapter, the potential of tropical plant species with antibacterial and antifungal activities are reviewed in detail.

O município de Paranaguá está localizado na planície litorânea do Estado do Paraná, também nela está localizado o Porto D. Pedro II, importante fonte de renda para a cidade e na organização do espaço urbano de Paranaguá. Este trabalho tem por objetivo identificar as temperaturas médias térmicas e correlacionar com a ocupação do solo no período entre 1950 e 2019 na cidade de Paranaguá - Paraná. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de revisão bibliográfica, pesquisa nos arquivos do IBGE Paranaguá, 8º Distrito de Meteorologia de Porto Alegre-RS, pesquisa de campo no período de 2007 a 2019 na Estação de Meteorologia de Paranaguá. A coleta dos dados foi realizada às 09h00min, 15h00min e 21h00minh seguindo horários estabelecidos pela (OMM). Utilizando processamento matemático, foram analisadas as variações da temperatura e precipitações diárias para o período entre janeiro de 1950 e dezembro de 2019. Para a observação no uso de ocupação do solo foram utilizadas fotos antigas e atuais do município, e fez-se uma análise nas temperaturas médias e no crescimento populacional para correlacionar com o uso do solo. No período entre 1950 e 1970 a temperatura média do Município foi de 21,1°C e as precipitações médias foram de 2.173 mm, período caracterizado pelas atividades portuárias em expansão, com o Ciclo do Café. Para o período entre 1971 e 2000, início do ciclo da diversificação, observou-se que houve aumento significativo na média da temperatura, observou-se que a média registrada foi de 21,9ºC com um volume de precipitações de 2.213mm em média. Para o período compreendido entre 2001 e 2019, a temperatura média registrada foi de 22,42 ºC e volumes de precipitações na faixa de 2.238 mm. Os resultados parciais da pesquisa mostram que no período estudado houve aumento nas temperaturas médias, bem como aumento nos volumes de precipitações.

Considering the evidence that essential oils, as well as safrole, could modulate bacterial growth in different resistant strains, this study aims to characterize the phytochemical profile and evaluate the antibacterial and antibiotic-modulating properties of the essential oil Ocotea odor&iacute, fera (EOOO) and safrole against efflux pump (EP)-carrying strains. The EOOO was extracted by hydrodistillation, and the phytochemical analysis was performed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antibacterial and antibiotic-modulating activities of the EOOO and safrole against resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were analyzed through the broth microdilution method. The EP-inhibiting potential of safrole in association with ethidium bromide or antibiotics was evaluated using the S. aureus 1199B and K2068 strains, which carry genes encoding efflux proteins associated with antibiotic resistance to norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin, respectively. A reduction in the MIC of ethidium bromide or antibiotics was used as a parameter of EP inhibition. The phytochemical analysis identified 16 different compounds in the EOOO including safrole as the principal constituent. While the EOOO and safrole exerted clinically relevant antibacterial effects against S. aureus only, they potentiated the antibacterial activity of norfloxacin against all strains evaluated by our study. The ethidium bromide and antibiotic assays using the strains of S. aureus SA1119B and K2068, as well as molecular docking analysis, indicated that safrole inhibits the NorA and MepA efflux pumps in S. aureus. In conclusion, Ocotea odorifera and safrole presented promising antibacterial and antibiotic-enhancing properties, which should be explored in the development of drugs to combat antibacterial resistance, especially in strains bearing genes encoding efflux proteins.

Objective Efflux pumps are transmembrane proteins associated with bacterial resistance mechanisms. Bacteria use these proteins to actively transport antibiotics to the extracellular medium, preventing the pharmacological action of these drugs. This study aimed to evaluate in vitro the antibacterial activity of 1,8-naphthyridines sulfonamides, as well as their ability to inhibit efflux systems of Staphylococcus aureus strains expressing different levels of the NorA efflux pump. Methods The broth microdilution test was performed to assess antibacterial activity. Efflux pump inhibition was evaluated in silico by molecular docking and in vitro by fluorometric tests, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined. The MIC was determined in the association between 1,8-naphthyridine and norfloxacin or ethidium bromide. Results The 1,8-naphthyridines did not show direct antibacterial activity. However, they effectively reduced the MIC of multidrug-resistant bacteria by associating with norfloxacin and ethidium bromide, in addition to increasing the fluorescence emission. In silico analysis addressing the binding between NorA and 1,8-naphthyridines suggests that hydrogen bonds and hydrophilic interactions represent the interactions with the most favourable binding energy, corroborating the experimental data. Conclusion Our data suggest that 1,8-naphthyridines sulfonamides inhibit bacterial resistance through molecular mechanisms associated with inhibition of the NorA efflux pump in S. aureus strains.

Essential oils are secondary metabolites with immense pharmacological potential.These substances are abundantly produced by plants of the family Asteraceae, such as Baccharis coridifolia. Previous studies have demonstrated that this species has pharmacological properties that make it a promising source of new antibacterial agents. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial and antibiotic-modulating activity of Baccharis coridifolia essential oil against multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. The phytochemical analysis was carried out by gas chromatography coupled to Mass Spectroscopy (GC/MS), and realized the Minimum Inhibitory Concentation (MIC) and antibiotic-modulation from the microdilution method in 96-well plates. It was revealed the presence of germacrene D (23.7%), bicyclogermacrene (17.1%), and (E)-caryophyllene (8.4%) as major components. The minimum inhibitory concentration of essential oil against strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (512 μg/mL) and Staphylococcus aureus (128 μg/mL) demonstrated clinically relevant antibacterial activity. In addition, the combination of subinhibitory doses of the oil with conventional antibiotics showed synergism, indicating potentiation of the antibacterial effect. In conclusion, the essential oil of Baccharis coridifolia (EOBc) presented antibacterial and antibiotic-modulating activities that place this species as a source of molecules useful in the fight against bacterial resistance.

The present study had as its objective to evaluate the antibacterial and antibiotic modulatory activity of the Baccharis dracunculifolia (DC) essential oil (EOBD), a species commonly known as “Alecrim do campo”. The essential oil chemical composition analysis and the direct in vitro antibiotic activity evaluation, as well as in combination with the antibiotics Ampicillin, Gentamicin, and Norfloxacin against standard Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 strains, as well as E. coli 06, P. aeruginosa 24, and S. aureus 10 resistant strains, were performed. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) revealed the major terpenoids: Germacrene D (18.4%), (E)-Nerolidol (14.0%), Mustacone (11.2%), Spathulenol (11%), β-pinene (9.5%) and Bicyclogermacrene (8.4%). A direct B. dracunculifolia essential oil antibacterial activity against S. aureus 25923 with a MIC of 102 μg/mL and one of 512 μg/mL against S. aureus 10 were observed. The EOBD synergistically modulated the Norfloxacin antibiotic against P. aeruginosa 24, with a MIC reduction from 50.8 to 6.35 μg/mL, a Gentamicin MIC reduction from 20.16 to 4 μg/mL, and an Ampicillin MIC reduction from 645.1 to 512 μg/mL. The essential oil synergistically modified Norfloxacin activity against E. coli 06 with a MIC reduction from 40.32 to 3.17 μg/mL, and a Gentamicin MIC reduction from 50.8 to 25.4 μg/mL. The essential oil also showed synergism against S. aureus 10 when associated with Norfloxacin, with a MIC reduction from 322.54 to 203.2 μg/mL, whilst when associated with Ampicillin, it demonstrated synergism by reducing the MIC from 80.6 to 20.16 μg/ml. Results from this research revealed that the EOBD is a promising natural product with antimicrobial potential, both directly and in combination with antibiotics, for clinical use against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Este trabalho teve por objetivo descrever a importância do manejo de recursos vegetais no Litoral do Paraná às vistas do uso pelas comunidades locais. Efetuou-se um estudo etnobotânico para a compreensão acerca do manejo e conhecimento de espécies nativas. Partimos do pressuposto teórico dos significados atribuídos ao território e a construção do mesmo por meio da sua dimensão simbólica. A abordagem feita aos entrevistados foi de forma dialógica, seguindo um roteiro norteador. Neste roteiro, durante as conversas foram anotados e gravados com a devida autorização, dados referentes às plantas medicinais. O trabalho identificou um grande número de espécies, sendo citadas 58 espécies com alguns usos.A partir das reflexões aqui expostas, acreditamos que seja possível fornecer subsídios para elaboração e direcionamento de estratégias de desenvolvimento e medidas de conservação na região, levando em consideração as formas de conhecimento tradicional sobre os recursos florestais e a sua influência para a preservação da integridade cultural e social deste ecossistema. Por fim, destacamos a relevância das populações tradicionais para a perpetuação do conhecimento e a conservação da biodiversidade local.

The essential oil yield and composition of 17 species of the Asteraceae family were evaluated. Samples were obtained by hydrodistillation of the leaves and inflorescences and they were analyzed by GC-MS and GC-FID. A total of 13 species presented essential oils with yields ranging from 0.06 to 3.36% in fresh samples and from 0.07 to 2.53% in dried samples. Erechtites valerianifolius (Wolf) DC. produced the highest essential oil yield from both fresh and dried samples. Seventy-nine constituents were identified in essential oils from Asteraceae species, mainly consisting of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes.

No Brasil a evasão é um fenômeno que começou a ser objeto de estudo das políticas educacionais a partir da década de 90. Com a expansão universitária no período de 2005à 2014 é imprescindível ampliar e caracterizar esse fenômeno. A UFPR em seu Setor Litoral oferece uma proposta diferenciada de ensino, mas apesar de diversos relatos acerca da proposta pedagógica e estudos sobre os cursos, ainda são raros os estudos sobre o processo de evasão. Neste artigo descrevemos uma pesquisa realizada sobre a evasão no curso de Licenciatura em Ciências. A análise compreendeu as turmas ingressantes no período entre 2012 e 2016. O universo compreendeu93 sujeitos, dos quais 20,4% são respondentes, desses 63,4% são do sexo feminino e 36,6% do sexo masculino. O curso atraiu candidatos de outras regiões, sendo 72,7% do litoral paranaense e 23,3% de outras regiões. A escolaridade pregressa dos/as diplomados no ensino médio ganhou destaque na análise ao identificarmos que 77,2% cursaram o ensino fundamental e médio integralmente em escolas públicas e 22,7% cursaram integralmente ou em sua maior parte em escolas particulares. No que diz respeito à escolaridade dos genitores 31,8%dos pais dos/as inquiridos/as cursaram até o ensino fundamental, 22,7% completaram o ensino médio e 31,8% cursaram até o ensino superior. De forma similar, o estudo indicou que 22,7% das mães cursaram até o ensino fundamental, 50% cursaram até o ensino médio e 18,1% alcançaram o ensino superior. A pesquisa indicou também os principais motivos que influenciaram a evasão: a insatisfação com o curso (27,2%), dificuldade de adaptação ao município onde a universidade está sediada(18,1%), paternidade ou maternidade (13,6%), problemas familiares (13,6%) e dificuldade de acesso à política de assistência estudantil (4,5%) Por fim, a análise de todos os fatores que induzem o acadêmico a abandonar o curso evidenciou que o processo de evasão não é motivado por um único fator; há um conjunto amplo de determinantes que constituem o processo de evasão desses estudantes

This work aimed to evaluate the essential oil yield and composition of fresh and dried samples of native tree species in the Atlantic Forest of Parana State, South of Brazil. The essential oil extr...

We re-assess the taxonomic status of Owenia Delle Chiaje, 1841 from Southern Brazil based on estuarine specimens from Paranaguá Bay (Paraná) and Babitonga Bay (Santa Catarina), and literature records. Owenia caissara sp. n. is diagnosed by a branchial crown with five pairs of tentacles, branched close to the base of the crown, rectilinear collar with a pronounced lateral slit, two ventrolateral ocelli partially covered by the collar, up to 23 hooks on a single row in the first abdominal segment, regularly curved nuchal shape, regularly moderate teeth curvature, and long and thin scales with oval transition. The description of Owenia caissara sp. n. reinforces the idea that Owenia fusiformis sensu lato is a complex of closely related species that can be distinguished on the basis of both macro- and micro- morphological traits.

Presently, results from a study carried out in this area using the essential oil from the Calyptranthes concinna species, a representative from the Myrtaceae family, are reported. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry was used to identify its chemical constituents. Antibacterial activity was determined using the broth microdilution method, thus obtaining the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) value, from which the subinhibitory concentration (MIC/8) was derived. The C. concinna essential oil presented antibacterial activity against both standard and multiresistant bacteria. In addition, the oil demonstrated an antibiotic activity potentiation against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli when in combination with the antibiotic gentamicin, reducing the MIC from 141.38 &mu, g/mL and 208.63 &mu, g/mL to 64 &mu, g/mL and 128 &mu, g/mL, respectively. Conclusions: Findings from the present study suggest this oil is promising in terms of its antimicrobial activity.

One of the major challenges today for research groups on natural products distributed around the world is the discovery of substances that are bioactive, as well as their respective analogues. Thus, plants represent an important study target in the search for these new substances, being considered a promising source of molecular diversity for selective enzymatic inhibitors and synthesis for numerous bioactive compounds. The Brazilian biodiversity is one of the richest on the planet: it encompasses from 15 to 25% of all plant species, with a high rate of biological endemism, dispersed in unique biomes. A wide variety of micro- and macromolecular metabolites have been obtained, and several substances present biological and pharmacological activities with potential for the development of supplements alimentary, pharmaceuticals, and pesticides prototypes. In this context, this chapter documents the enzyme inhibitory potential of Myrtaceae, Lauraceae, and Piperaceae families from Brazilian Flora.

This study is a pioneer in reporting the antibacterial properties of the species Croton ceanothifolius Baill. The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae composed of numerous species with documented biological activities. However, the pharmacological properties of C. ceanothifolius remain poorly understood. The leaves of this plant were submitted to hydrodistillation for essential oil (CcEO) extraction and the phytochemical characterization of the oil was performed by GC/MS. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the CcEO was determined for the evaluation of antibacterial activity against multiresistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. The antibiotic-modulating activity of the oil, in combination with antibiotics, was also evaluated. The combination of the CcEO with penicillin, norfloxacin, and gentamicin presented a synergistic effect. This effect was more significant for the association with antibiotics of the quinolone and aminoglycoside classes against Escherichia coli. The association of oil with gentamicin showed better results with regard to the Gram-positive strain. The association of the oil with norfloxacin against P. aeruginosa also showed synergism, but the association with penicillin did not change the effect of this antibiotic. Thus, it is concluded that C. ceanothifolius essential oil selectively potentiates the action of antibiotics against multiresistant strains.

This chapter discusses on the search for active substances, originating from essential oil plant species occurring in the Atlantic Rain Forest of Brazil. Despite its diminished state, the Atlantic Forest still ranks as a global conservation priority. Although it is just a small fraction of the size of the great Amazon rainforest, the Atlantic Forest still harbors a wide range of biological diversity similar to that of the Amazon. In this biome, around 20,000 species of plants, representing 8% of the Earth’s plants can be found. Some of these plants exhibit numerous therapeutical properties that are mainly attributed to their phytochemicals. Moreover, the essential oils extracted from plants constitute a diverse array of phytocompounds with biological significance. In this context, this chapter describes different plant species, their essential oil chemical composition, and their potential uses and pharmacological applications.

The Coastal Collection of Paraná: territories and perspectives and especially in its fifth volume: DEVELOPMENT, PUBLIC POLICIES AND HEALTH is an initiative headed by the Postgraduate Program in Sustainable Territorial Development – PPGDTS at the Federal University of Paraná - UFPR. It is a collective effort among knowledge agents, that is, research teachers, students engaged in research, public agents and local community actors, and aims to add value to the production of knowledge about the regional reality, in a plot that expresses the activities of research, teaching and extension carried out in a synergic and cooperative manner along the coast of Paraná State. The volume consists of 16 chapters, organized in three parts: Development, territory and job, University, inclusion and Regional development, and Territory and health. It is the result of the efforts of a team of teachers and students already in the middle of consolidating their capacities as educators and researchers. The approaches presented result from a long and dense practice of reflections, interactive actions among academic and community agents, within an epistemic and methodological perspective, compatible with the current forms of cooperative production among several disciplines. It is an important and vigorous exercise of knowledge production, in line with a university project that reaffirms its vocation and mission focused on regional and local development, by valuing the rescue of knowledge and community practices, by encouraging and invitation to the dialogue of academic knowledge with the rich cultural heritage of coastal populations.

By means of the book ‘Local Knowledge, Social-environmental Crisis, and Tourism’, part of the collection ‘Paraná Coast: territory and perspectives’, organised by the Programme in Sustainable Territorial Development (PPGDTS) of the Federal University of Paraná, the editors are glad to invite you to read its 14 articles that widely discuss the Paraná coast. This volume is divided in three sections: Caiçara traditional community, local knowledge, and fishing; Conservations Units, water resources, and environment; and Tourism and local development. From a social-spatial analysis to the study of a scenario influenced by social-environmental conflicts, besides the study of natural elements, cultural expressions, and identity manifestations, this book deeply explores a key-region for the settlement, development, and formation of the current Paraná. Based on the different realities presented of the Paraná coast, you will certainly ask to yourself: why is this region still undervalued considering its importance in many aspects? This book may be the first step to answer that and another possible questions.

This study describes the use of native species of the Paraná Coastal. The work was carried out with traditional communities of the region with the objective of contemplating the genetic resources available in the forest, local cultural diversity and the sustainable use of natural resources. The approach taken to the interviewees followed a guideline, with information on the identification of respondents, data referring to Medicinal Plants and Non-Conventional Food Plants. There were 67 plants with some uses mentioned. It was identified that in the community 64% of the residents interviewed were retired and live on fishing and farming. It was observed that women have extensive knowledge about medicinal plants, men already know much more about tree species destined to the construction, either of boats or houses. It was verified the importance of the traditional knowledge about the medicinal plants for the discovery of bioactive compounds and income generation. Resumen El artículo describe el uso sostenible de especies nativas del Litoral del Paraná. El trabajo fue conducido con comunidades tradicionales de la región con el objetivo de contemplar el recurso genético disponible en el bosque, la diversidad cultural local y el uso sostenible de los recursos naturales. El enfoque de los entrevistados siguió un itinerario orientador, con informaciones sobre la identificación, datos referentes a las plantas medicinales y Plantas Alimentares no Convencionales y demás usos de la biodiversidad. Se han citado 67 plantas. Se identificó que en la comunidad el 64% de los residentes entrevistados eran jubilados y viven de la pesca y la labranza. Se observó que las mujeres poseen amplio conocimiento sobre plantas medicinales, ya los hombres conocen mucho más sobre especies arbóreas destinadas a la construcción. Se constató la importancia del saber tradicional acerca de las especies para el descubrimiento de compuestos bioactivos y generación de ingresos. Resumo Este estudo descreve as potencialidades do uso sustentável de espécies nativas do Litoral do Paraná. O trabalho foi conduzido com comunidades tradicionais da região com o objetivo de contemplar o recurso genético disponível na floresta, a diversidade cultural local e o uso sustentável dos recursos naturais. A abordagem feita aos entrevistados seguiu um roteiro norteador, com informações sobre a identificação dos entrevistados, dados referentes às Plantas Medicinais e Plantas Alimentares não Convencionais e demais usos da biodiversidade. Foram citadas 67 plantas com algumas utilizações. Identificou-se que, na comunidade, 64% dos moradores entrevistados eram aposentados e vivem da pesca e lavoura. Observou-se que as mulheres detêm amplo conhecimento sobre plantas medicinais, já os homens conhecem muito mais sobre espécies arbóreas destinadas à construção, seja de barcos ou casas. Constatou-se a importância do saber tradicional acerca das plantas medicinais para a descoberta de compostos bioativos e geração de renda.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the phytochemical composition and the antibacterial and antibiotic-modulating activities of the essential oils of Eugenia brasiliensis Lam (OEEb) and Piper mosenii C. DC (OEPm) singly or in association with blue LED (Light-emitting diode) light. The antibacterial and antibiotic-modulatory activities of the essential oils on the activity of aminoglycosides were evaluated to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC, &mu, g/mL) in the presence or absence of exposure to blue LED light. The chemical analysis showed &alpha, pinene and bicyclogermacrene as major constituents of OEPm, whereas &alpha, muurolol was the main compound of OEEb. Both OEEb and OEPm showed MIC &ge, 512 &mu, g/mL against the strains under study. However, the association of these oils with the blue LED light enhanced the action of the aminoglycosides amikacin and gentamicin. In conclusion, the association of aminoglycosides with the blue LED light and essential oils was effective against resistant bacteria.

The secular use of plants in popular medicine has emerged as a source for the discovery of new compounds capable of curing infections. Among microbial resistance to commercial drugs, species such as Piper diospyrifolium Kunth, which are used in popular therapy, are targets for pharmacological studies. With this in mind, antimicrobial experiments with the essential oil from the P. diospyrifolium (PDEO) species were performed and its constituents were elucidated. The oil compounds were identified by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The broth microdilution method with colorimetric readings for bacterial tests (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) and spectrophotometric readings for fungal tests (Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis), whose data were used to create a cell viability curve and calculate its IC50 against fungal cells, were used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of the oil and its combined action with commercial drugs. The oil's minimal fungicidal concentration and its action over fungal morphological transition were analyzed by subculture and microculture, respectively. Chemical analysis revealed Z-Carpacin, Pogostol and E-Caryophyllene as the most abundant compounds. Results from the intrinsic analysis were considered clinically irrelevant, however the oil presented a synergistic effect against multiresistant E. coli and S. aureus strains when associated with gentamicin, and against the standard and isolated C. tropicalis strains with fluconazole. A fungicidal effect was observed against the C. albicans isolate. Candida spp. hyphae inhibition was verified for all strains at the highest tested concentrations. The P. diospyrifolium essential oil presented a promising effect when associated with commercial drugs and against a fungal virulence factor. Thus, the oil presented active compounds which may help the development of new drugs, however, new studies are needed in order to clarify the oil's mechanism of action, as well as to identify its active constituents.

Neste artigo apresentamos os resultados de um estudo acerca da concentração dos elementos traço Cu, Cr, Pb e Zn, no solo, em diferentes pontos da área portuária do Porto de Dom Pedro II, em Paranaguá - Brasil, destacando-se o potencial de contaminação que os residentes locais estão sujeitos à exposição. Os locais de amostragem foram definidos com base nas diferenças entre as dinâmicas locais, a influência da micro bacia do Canal das Marés e o processo de ocupação do espaço. Após tratamento físico, as amostras foram submetidos à digestão ácida com, HNO3 e HCl concentrados e H2O2 à 30% v/v, de acordo com a metodologia US.EPA 3050b. Após esse procedimento, os analitos foram lidos em equipamento de Espectrofotometria de Absorção Atômica por Chama. Para medição do pH, utilizou-se CaCl2 à 0,01M, na relação solo/solução 1:2,5. Com base nos limites de concentração de elementos traço no solo estabelecidos na Resolução Nº 420/09 do CONAMA e pela Decisão de Diretoria Nº 045/14 da CETESB, e, em comparação com a unidade de Testemunha, observou-se que, em determinadas épocas do ano, houve a variação da concentração de elementos traços no solo mas, de uma forma geral, pode-se dizer que os blocos analisados apresentam altas concentrações dos elementos Cu, Cr, Pb e Zn. Conclui-se que há contaminação e este estudo, serve como parâmetro indicador para novas pesquisas sobre os níveis de contaminação em decorrência da atividade portuária.

This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity and to verify, in silico and in vitro, the inhibition of efflux mechanisms using a series of synthesized 1,8-naphthyridines sulfonamides against Staphylococcus aureus strains carrying MepA efflux pumps. The chemical synthesis occurred through the thermolysis of the Meldrum's acid adduct. The sulfonamide derivatives were obtained by the sulfonylation of 2-amino-5‑chloro-1,8-naphthyridine with commercial benzenesulfonyl chloride. Antibacterial activity was assessed by the broth microdilution test. Efflux pump inhibitory capacity was evaluated in silico by molecular docking and in vitro by analyzing synergistic effects on ciprofloxacin and ethidium bromide (EtBr) and by EtBr fluorescence emission assays. The following 1,8-naphthyridines were synthesized: 4-methyl-N-(5‑chloro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)-benzenesulfonamide (Compound 10a); 2,5-dichloro-N-(5‑chloro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)-benzenesulfonamide (Compound 10b); 4-fluoro-N-(5‑chloro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)-benzenesulfonamide (Compound 10c); 2,3,4-trifluoro-N-(5‑chloro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)-benzenesulfonamide (Compound 10d); 3-trifluoromethyl-N-(5‑chloro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)-benzenesulfonamide (Compound 10e); 4‑bromo-2,5-difluoro-N-(5‑chloro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)-benzenesulfonamide (Compound 10f). The 1,8-naphthyridines derivatives associated with sulfonamides did not show antibacterial activity. However, they showed a favorable pharmacokinetic profile with possible MepA efflux pump inhibitory action, demonstrated in molecular docking. In addition to the promising results in reducing the concentration of intracellular EtBr. 1,8-naphthyridines act as putative agents in the inhibitory action of the MepA efflux pump.

Naphthyridines represent a class of heterocyclic compounds formed by two condensed aromatic rings. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity and in vitro inhibition of efflux resistance mechanisms of a series of 1,8-naphthyridine sulfonamides against strains carrying Tet(K) and MsrA efflux pumps. The efflux pump inhibitory capacity was evaluated by analyzing synergistic effects between 1,8-naphthyridine sulfonamides and standard antibiotics, as well as ethidium bromide. The following 1,8-naphthyridines were used: 4-methyl-N-(5-chloro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)-benzenesulfonamide (Naph 1); 2,5-Dichloro-N-(5-chloro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)-benzenesulfonamide (Naph 2); 2,3,4-trifluoro-N-(5-chloro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide (Naph 7); 3-trifluoromethyl-N-(5-chloro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)-benzenesulfonamide (Naph 9). The 1,8-naphthyridine sulfonamide derivatives possessed a potential Tet(K) and MsrA efflux pump inhibitory action.

The family Piperaceae is known for presenting in its species flavoring, healing and antimicrobial properties among others. The objective of the present study was: to study the chemical profile of the essential oil of Piper rivinoides (EOPR); to analyze its anti-bacterial and antifungal potential, as well as to evaluate the antifungal and antibiotic-modifying capacity. The chemical constituents were identified by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID), allowing the identification of 7 constituents of a total of 86.99%. E-Isoelemicin was identified as the main constituent of petroleum (40.81%). Clinically relevant MIC results were obtained against fungi in which the inhibitory concentration remained

Essential oils are broadly used in the food, perfume, and pharmaceutical industries. These are associated with ecological functions of defense and attraction of pollinators, and usually undergo quantitative and qualitative variation in response to the environment. Thus, the aim of this chapter is to highlight the essential oil content, chemical composition, and biological activities of Baccharis milleflora.

The genus Baccharis (Asteraceae) demonstrated the presence of compounds with antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities. Because of the increasing rates of antimicrobial resistance, adequate treatment of infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria has become challenging. The objective of the present study was evaluate the antibacterial and antibiotic-modifying activity of the essential oil obtained from Baccharis reticulata (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers. and the compound α-pinene against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other multiresistant bacteria. An analysis by gas chromatography associated with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) revealed the presence of dilapiol (33.8 %), α-pinene (31.7 %) and β-pinene (9.4 %) as major components of the oil. The determination of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) revealed that the oil has antibacterial activity against S. aureus only. However, the oil potentiated the norfloxacin and gentamicin against all strains evaluated. Also, α-pinene increased the activity of norfloxacin against E. coli, as well as potentiated the activity of norfloxacin and gentamicin against S. aureus. Therefore, the authors conclude that the essential oil of B. reticulata, as well as the compound α-pinene, have antibacterial and antibiotic-modulating activities that make them useful in the development of new weapons against bacterial resistance.

1 recurso en línea (páginas 491-499), Las especies nativas de Piper presentan importantes actividades biológicas repelentes, antimicrobianos, insecticidas, antitumoral y anti-protozoario. Los estudios sobre nuevas especies representan potenciales descubrimientos sin publicar y la propagación vegetativa es necesario para el desarrollo del protocolo de cultivo; además, reduce la extracción natural. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el enraizamiento de esquejes de P. arboreum, P. cernuum y P. diospyrifolium con diferentes tratamientos que contienen dosis del ácido indolbutirico (0, 500, 1.000, 1.500, 2.000 y 3.000 mg L-1). Ramas fueran colectadas en la Reserva Biológica Bom Jesus, estado de Paraná, Brasil. Los cortes con una longitud de 12 cm y el diámetro promedio de 6 mm se instalaron en tubos de plástico de 53 cm3 usando el sustrato comercial Tropstrato HP® y riego por nebulización intermitente. Después de 90 días se evaluaron las tasas de supervivencia, mortalidad y esquejes con nuevos brotes, número y longitud de las tres raíces principales. Los porcentajes de enraizamiento alcanzaron un promedio de 67,5% para P. arboreum, 51,6% para P. cernuum y 50,4% para P. diospyrifolium. Se encontró respuesta positiva de los tratamientos que contienen el regulador vegetal para las variables de enraizamiento, porcentaje de esquejes con brotes y número de raíces por estaca, pero hubo variaciones en las respuestas de cada especie. La permanencia de hojas fue un factor importante para el proceso de enraizamiento adventicio en las especies evaluadas., biological activities. Studies on new species can discover unpublished potentialities and vegetative propagation for the development of cultivation protocols and reduce the natural extraction. The objective of this study was to evaluate the rooting of P. arboreum, P. cernuum and P. diospyrifolium stem cuttings with different treatments containing doses of indole butyric acid (0, 500; 1,000; 1,500; 2,000 and 3,000 mg L-1). Branches were collected in the “Bom Jesus Biological Reserve”, Parana state, Brazil. The cuttings, with a length of 12 cm and average diameter of 6 mm, were placed in 53 cm3 plastic tubes with the commercial substrate Tropstrato HP® and intermittent misting. After 90 days, the survival, mortality, cuttings with new shoots, number and length of the three main roots were evaluated. The percentages of rooting reached an average of 67.5% for P. arboreum, 51.6% for P. cernuum and 50.4% for P. diospyrifolium. A positive effect in the treatments containing the plant regulator was observed for rooting development, percentage of cuttings with shoots and number of roots per propagule, but there were variations in the responses of each species. Leaf retention was an important factor for the adventitious rooting formation in all evaluated species., Bibliografía y webgrafía: páginas 498-499

O presente artigo aborda alguns dos conceitos de violência e como eles se apresentam no cotidiano escolar, fazendo um paralelo entre essas definições e as vivências como estudante de iniciação a docência do curso de Artes em uma escola do município de Matinhos-PR. Para tanto, fizemos uma aproximação teórica com a categoria Violência, bem como uma análise das percepções, a partir do vivido. Percebemos que a promoção da cidadania e sua vivência plena, são formas de garantir a inclusão e o respeito ao o direito de todos os sujeitos no meio escolar

In this paper, we have experimentally assessed tube-building strategies of Owenia caissara Silva & Lana, 2017 , including the particle size preferences. After acclimation, individual tubes were broken by their mid-region, and placed in experimental aquaria with four types of homogeneous substrates (from silt-clay to coarse sand) and four types of mixed substrates. Animals completely removed from their tubes were unable to build new tubes. Adults in broken tubes were able to use a wide range of particles, from fine to coarse sand, but not silt-clay. Owenia caissara showed a clear preference for coarse sediment particles. In extreme conditions, individuals were able to rebuild their tubes using only filamentous debris. Owenia caissara may display higher selection ability and preference for larger particles when growing, although adults can also adapt to bottoms with predominantly smaller particles such as fine sand.

RESUMO A família Annonaceae possui representantes de grande interesse medicinal e o gênero Xylopia é um dos que merecem destaque. Composta por aproximadamente 160 espécies distribuídas na América do Sul, América central, África e Ásia, as espécies desse gênero podem ser arbustivas ou arbóreas. No Brasil são encontradas nas regiões Norte, Nordeste, Centro-Oeste e Centro Sul. Este gênero produz uma variedade de metabólitos incluindo alcalóides, amidas, lignóides, acetogeninas e terpenóides e têm sido investigados como fonte potencial de acetogeninas, compostos esses que apresentam uma ampla variedade de propriedades biológicas com destaque para: citotóxica, antitumoral, antiparasitária, antimicrobial, inseticida e antimalarial. Neste estudo, efetuou-se uma revisão das principais espécies de Xylopiaencontradas no Brasil, já estudadas e descritas na literatura, abordando os aspectos químico-farmacológicos, destacando os constituintes químicos isolados bem como a ação farmacológica evidenciada. ABSTRACT The family Annonaceae has representatives of great medical interest, and the Xylopia species deserves attention. The Xylopia genus is composed by approximately 160 species, with geographic distribution in tropical and subtropical regions of America, Africa and Asia. This genus can present shrubs or trees. In Brazil, they can be found at the North, North-west, Central-West and Central-South Regions. The phytochemical investigations resulted mainly in the isolation of alkaloids, diterpenos, quinolines and acetogenins, with the latter presenting very interesting biological properties such as the cytotoxic, antiprotozoal and the insecticide activities.This study aimed to review the botanical, chemical and pharmacological aspects of the Xylopia genus found in Brazil, highlighting the chemical components, as the well-known pharmacological effect .

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa realizada com uma turma de primeiro ano do ensino médio de uma escola do campo da rede pública do estado do Paraná. O objetivo foi observar como esses estudantes dialogam com as representações sociais sobre a juventude rural e o campo a partir de uma história em quadrinhos específica de Chico Bento. Nesse quadro, tendo como referência a produção teórica sobre consciência histórica de Jörn Rüsen; a relação entre sujeito e representações, foi interpelada como resultante das operações da consciência histórica, como coeficiente que permite aos indivíduos interpretar o mundo e a si mesmo, configurando parâmetros orientadores da vida prática no tempo. Nesse contexto, as interpretações dos estudantes foram compreendidas como especificidades do espaço no qual estão inseridos. Os resultados da pesquisa permitem compreender os distanciamentos, aproximações e diálogos do grupo pesquisado com os argumentos apresentados por Maurício de Souza Produções

The Piper mikanianum species were investigated by the antimicrobial potential and chemical composition. Chemical analysis was performed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) as well as the 50% Inhibitory Concentration against Candida strains were determined by microdilution. The effect of the drug-oil combination was also evaluated to verify possible synergism. The Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) was evaluated by subculturing the microdilution in Petri dishes and the anti-pleomorphism potential of the oil was tested in humid chambers. Chemical analysis revealed safrol as the major compound. The results from the intrinsic activity evaluation of the oil did not reveal a clinical importance, however, it presented a synergistic effect when associated with gentamicin against the multidrug resistant E. coli strain and when associated with fluconazole against fungal strains. Moreover, the oil possessed a fungistatic effect. Total inhibition of filamentous structures occurred in both Candida species in the anti-virulence test. The P. mikanianum essential oil showed a potentiating activity of drugs for which resistance exists and an inhibitory effect of one of the main virulence factors of the Candida genus, morphological transition, which has been previously shown to be responsible for causing invasive infections in human tissues.

The Myrtaceae family has great occurrence in Brazil, mainly in the Atlantic Forest of the South and Southeast regions and presents potential for essential oil production. This work aimed to evaluate the essential oil yield and composition of the species Myrciaria delicatula, Campomanesia xantocarpha, Campomanesia aurea, Calyptranthes clusiifolia, Myrcia splendens, Eugenia osoriana, Myrciaria tenella, Myrceugenia reitzii, Calyptranthes concinna e Myrcia arborensis from a segment of the Atlantic Forest of Parana State. The essential oil extraction was carried out by hydrodistillation of fresh and dried leaves using a Clevenger type apparatus and the chemical composition was analyzed by gas phase chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Myrceugenia reitzii showed eesential oil yield superior to other species and the essential oil yield of all species increased after drying. The chemical composition in the samples showed mono and sesquiterpenes , being the sesquiterpenes in higher percentages. The drying conditions affected the essential oil composition of the for the majority of the evaluated species.

In this study, the Piper cernuum Essential Oil (EOPC) was tested against bacterial and fungal strains using the microdilution method to evaluate its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC), as well as its antibiotic modifying effect, in addition to observing the oils ability to cause fungal dimorphism and to generate an IC50 cell viability curve. The EO was obtained through hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus with the dry leaves and analyzed by GC-FID, allowing the identification of 14 compounds, with the main compound being 4-epi-cis-dihydromarofuran (28.97%). An EOPC intrinsic activity was identified only against Candida albicans 4127 (IC50 56.851 μg/mL). Given the MIC results from the EOPC intrinsic activity against Staphylococcus aureus 10 at the concentration of 406 μg/mL, its association with fluconazole potentiated it’s antifungal action. The action of gentamicin was potentiated by the addition of the EOPC to Staphylococcus aureus 10 and Escherichia coli 06 strains, both with MIC

A crítica aos currículos fragmentados em disciplinas tem sido recorrente em inúmeras publicações nacionais. A dificuldade para a implantação de currículos não disciplinares nos cursos de ensino superior em universidades estabelecidas há décadas esbarra, principalmente, nas relações de poder dentro das universidades. O setor Litoral da Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) faz parte do plano de expansão das instituições brasileiras de ensino superior e, assim, marcou seu início com o desafio de fazer diferente, ou seja, atuar com currículos não disciplinares. Nesse sentido, apresentamos detalhadamente o projeto pedagógico do curso de licenciatura em Ciências construído ao longo dos quatro anos de sua existência. The criticism that the undergraduate curriculum is fragmented is a recurring theme on several Brazilian publications. The difficulty for the implementation of non-disciplinary curriculum in universities touches on power relations. The Federal University of Paraná (UFPR) - coastal zone is part of the expansion of Brazilian higher education institutions and has significantly affected its beginning with the challenge of not using non-disciplinary curriculum. Therefore, we present the details of the political pedagogical project of the Degree in Sciences developed over the years.

In this work we present a study of the vibrational spectra of 2,2-dimethyl-5-(4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-ylaminomethylene)-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione monohydrate, C 9 H 10 N 4 O 4 ⋅H 2 O. The FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra of the crystal were recorded at room temperature in the regions 400–4000 cm −1 and 50–4000 cm −1 , respectively. Vibrational wavenumbers and wave vector were predicted using density functional theory calculations with the B3LYP functional and 6-31G(d,p) basis set. The descriptions of the normal modes were made after considering the Potential Energy Distribution (PED). A comparison with experimental spectra allowed us to assign all of the normal modes of the crystal.

The Schiff base 4-{[(1E)-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]amino}-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one (C 18 H 17 N 3 O 2 ) is a synthetic compound with a variety of scientific and technological applications, such as clinic, analytic and pharmacologic. In this work FT-Raman spectrum and FT-infrared spectrum of C 18 H 17 N 3 O 2 were investigated at 300 K. Vibrational wavenumber and wave vector have been predicted using Density Functional Theory (B3LYP) calculations with the 6-31 G(d,p) basis set. The description of the normal modes was performed by means of the potential energy distribution. A comparison with experiment allowed us to assign most of the normal modes of the crystal.

This work presents through the X-ray diffraction method the crystal structure of ((4E)-4-((E)-3-phenyl-allylideneamino)-1,2-dihydro-2,3-dimethyl-1-phenylpirazol-5-one (C20H19N3O) as well as its vibrational properties and DFT calculations. The crystal is monoclinic with a = 13.487 A, b = 9.788 A, c = 13.836 A and the space group P21/n ( C 2 2 ). The equilibrium geometries, harmonic frequencies, infrared intensities and Raman scattering activities were calculated by density functional B3LYP method with the 6-31 G(d,p) basis set. The comparison between the calculated and experimental results covering molecular structure and, assignments of fundamental vibrational modes were investigated. The optimized molecular geometries have been compared with the experimental data obtained from XRD data, which indicates that the theoretical results agree well with the corresponding experimental values. For the compound, comparisons and assignments of the vibrational frequencies indicate that the calculated frequencies are close to the experimental data.

SUMMARYLeishmaniasis is one of the neglected diseases. High cost, systemic toxicity, and diminished efficacy due to development of resistance by the parasites has a negative impact on the current treatment options. Thus, the search for a new, effective and safer anti-leishmanial drug becomes of paramount importance. Compounds derived from natural products may be a better and cheaper source in this regard. This study evaluated the in vitro anti-leishmanial activity of Spiranthera odoratíssima (Rutaceae) fractions and isolated compounds, using promastigote and amastigote forms of different Leishmania species. J774 A.1 macrophage was used as the parasite host cell for the in vitro assays. Evaluations of cytoxicity, nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-10 and in silico analysis were carried out. In vitro experiments showed that the fruit hexanic fraction (Fhf) and its alkaloid skimmianine (Skm) have a significant (PL. braziliensis. This anti-L. braziliensis activity of Fhf and Skm was due to increased production of NO and attenuation of IL-10 production in the macrophages at concentrations ranging from 1·6 to 40·0 μg/ml. The in silico assay demonstrated significant interaction between Skm and amino acid residues of NOS2. Skm is thus a promising drug candidate for L. braziliensis due to its potent immunomodulatory activity.

The present paper reports the synthesis and antiprotozoal activity of N-quinolin-8-yl-arylsulfonamides and their copper and zinc complexes. Sulfonamides 2-5 were synthesized by reacting 8-aminoquinoline with several commercial arylsulfonyl chlorides. The corresponding complexes 6-13 were obtained using copper (II) acetate or zinc chloride in methanol. In vitro activity was carried out against promastigote forms of Leishmania braziliensis and L. chagasi, and epimastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi. Selected compounds were tested against axenic amastigote forms of L. braziliensis. The new 2,5-dichlorobenzenesulfonamide ligand was found to be inactive under the selected bioassays, however its copper complex 8 was active with the highest selective indexes (SI) against L. braziliensis promastigote and amastigote forms, with IC50 values of 2.59 and 0.35 μM, respectively. Difluorinated copper 10 and zinc 11 complexes were most active against L. braziliensis, with IC50 of 1.11 μM and 1.25 μM, respectively. However, the SI values were about 12 for both compounds. In general, the complexation of sulfonamides increases the antiprotozoal activity, as well as the cytotoxicity on Vero cells. These results confirm the antiprotozoal potential of sulfonamides and metal-based sulfonamides.

Plant secondary metabolites have attracted considerable attention from the industry as consumers are increasing their interest for natural products over chemically synthesized reagents to be used as additives in food, cosmetics or pharmaceuticals. Some plant essential oils show significant antimicrobial properties and this could be exploited to produce new food preservatives or novel antimicrobial formulations. Here we describe the extraction, chemical analysis and antimicrobial properties of grass lemon Cymbopogon citratus and Cymbopogon flexuosus essential oils. Essential oils were extracted from dried leaves using hydrodestilation and their composition was established by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Agar diffusion assays indicated that C. citratus and C. flexuosus essential oils act as antimicrobial agents against both gram negative and gram positive model organisms. These data support that lemon grass essential oils can be used as an alternative for microbiological control.

The reactions of 2-amino-8-hydroxyquinoline and 2-amino-4(1H)quinolone with different sulfonyl chlorides have been investigated. The chemoselectivity was observed to afford exclusively the arylsulfonate ester derivatives. The mechanism of the reaction is also discussed.