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This systematic review (PROSPERO CRD42021227711) evaluated the influence of diabetes mellitus (DM) on the response of the pulp tissue and in the pulp cells behaviour.Searches in PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science and OpenGrey were performed until March 2022. Studies evaluating the effects of DM in the pulp tissue inflammation and in the cell behaviour were included, followed by risk of bias assessment (Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies and SYRCLE's RoB tools). The meta-analysis was unfeasible, and a narrative synthesis for each outcome was provided.Of the 615 studies, 21 were eligible, mainly with in vivo analysis (16 studies). The pulp inflammation (10 studies) was analysed mainly by haematoxylin-eosin stain; DM increased pulp inflammation/degeneration in 9 studies, especially after dental procedures. The cell viability (5 studies) was analysed mostly using MTT assay; DM and glycating agents decreased cellular viability in 3 studies. DM reduced collagen in all of three studies. There were controversial results regarding mineralization; however, increased alkaline phosphatase was reported in three of four studies.DM seems to increase inflammation/degeneration and mineralization in the pulp tissue while reducing cell proliferation. Further analyses in human pulp are important to provide stronger evidence.

Introdução: A insuficiência renal aguda (IRA) ocorre em cerca de 5% das hospitalizações e até 30% das internações em UTI, possuindo taxas de mortalidade entre 15% e 60%. Objetivo: O objetivo do presente trabalho foi analisar diferentes protocolos de indução da IRA em modelo animal, buscando a padronização do modelo para o estudo da relação bidirecional com a periodontite apical (PA). Métodos: Foram utilizados vinte e quatro ratos divididos em três grupos (n=8): G1) administração de gentamicina na dosagem de 80mg/Kg/dia durante cinco dias; G2) administração de gentamicina na dosagem de 100mg/kg/dia durante oito dias; e G3) administração de gentamicina na dosagem de 100mg/kg/dia durante dez dias. A PA foi induzida em todos os grupos por meio da exposição pulpar dos primeiros e segundos molares superiores e inferiores do lado direito. Após trinta dias da exposição pulpar, os animais foram eutanasiados; os rins, coletados para análise histológica em HE; e as maxilas e mandíbulas, removidas para análise radiográfica. Resultados: A presença da PA foi confirmada em todos os espécimes pelo exame radiográfico. O grupo G3 apresentou índice de mortalidade de 75%, enquanto G1 e G2 não apresentaram mortalidade. Histologicamente, o tecido renal do grupo G2 apresentou alterações teciduais, como dilatação e necrose tubular mais severa, quando comparado ao grupo G1 (p

Objetivo: Avaliar a influência de diferentes plugs de proteção, acomodados sobre o remanescente da obturação após preparo para pino, na retenção de pinos metálicos fundidos. Métodos: Cinquenta dentes bovinos foram decoronados, manualmente instrumentados até a lima manual Kerr #80 e obturados. A desobturação parcial de 10mm do conduto foi realizada com uma broca Largo e os grupos foram divididos de acordo com os diferentes materiais utilizados como plugs (n=10): Grupo I (Controle, sem plug); Grupo II (plug de Coltosol®); Grupo III (plug, em consistência de massa, de Sealapex® + óxido de zinco); Grupo IV (plug de etil-cianoacrilato); e Grupo V (plug de fosfato de zinco). Uma camada de 1mm de espessura dos diferentes plugs (Grupos II, III, IV ou V) foi acomodada sobre a obturação remanescente. Os espécimes foram selados e armazenados em 100% de umidade, por 7 dias. Após moldagem do conduto, foram confeccionados pinos metálicos fundidos e cimentados com fosfato de zinco. Os espécimes permaneceram em câmara úmida por 45 dias antes do teste de tração, realizado em uma máquina universal de ensaios. Os valores foram expressos em Mega pascal (MPa) e submetidos aos testes ANOVA e Tukey (p0,05), semelhante- mente ao controle. Conclusão: A proteção da obturação com plugs confeccionados com etil-cianoacrilato prejudica a retenção de pinos metálicos fundidos cimentados com fosfato de zinco, enquanto Sealapex® acrescido de óxido de zinco, fosfato de zinco endurecido ou Coltosol® não interferem na adesividade

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T01:12:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-05-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Aim: To evaluate the morphology and impact of root canal preparation in maxillary incisors with palatogingival grooves (PGG). Methodology: Twenty extracted human maxillary incisors with PGG were subjected to macroscopic analysis and scanning electron microscopy analysis (SEM). The following characteristics of the PGG were evaluated: depth, point of origin in the cingulum, extension and position on the lingual surface. Furthermore, the presence of calculus, communications between the root canal system and the PGG, and root resorptions were investigated. The root canals were subsequently instrumented with K-files of three consecutive sizes. The teeth were sectioned, and the axial plane of each tooth section was imaged using SEM before and after instrumentation. The distance between the root canal walls and the PGG was calculated according to the location. Additionally, the distance between canal walls and cementum was measured at three different sites, to verify if instrumentation influenced dentine removal on a specific wall in teeth with PGG. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann–Whitney or Student’s t-test (P 0.05). Conclusions: Palatogingival grooves were characteristically deep and originated from the distal margin of the cingulum. Although it has been associated with a thinner root wall, root canal preparation did not influence the thickness of the specific wall in the maxillary incisors with PGG. Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine Dental School of Amazonas State University Endodontics School of Dentistry São Paulo State University (Unesp) Cariology Restorative Sciences and Endododontics University of Michigan Restorative Dentistry School of Dentistry Federal University of Minas Gerais Oral Pathology Bauru Dental School University of São Paulo Endodontics School of Dentistry São Paulo State University (Unesp) FAPESP: 03/10721-5

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:37:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-01-01 Objectives: We evaluated the effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) using an infrared laser (IRL) and a red laser (RL) on the pulp of molar teeth in rats after dental bleaching to assess inflammation, collagen fiber maturation, and tertiary dentin formation. Materials and methods: Eighty Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus, albinus) were randomly divided into eight groups with 10 hemimaxillae in each of the following: control; bleached (Ble, 35% hydrogen peroxide [H2O2]); Ble-1IRL and Ble-1RL (one IRL [808 nm, 30 s, 3 J] or RL [660 nm, 15 s, 1.5 J] application immediately after H2O2); Ble-3IRL and Ble-3RL (three [immediately, 24 h, and 48 h] IRL or RL applications after H2O2); and 3IRL and 3RL (three IRL or RL applications without bleaching). The rats were euthanized after 2 and 30 days for histological evaluation of inflammation (hematoxylin-eosin) and maturation of collagen fibers (picrosirius red). Additionally, the dentin deposition in the specimens obtained at 30 days was quantified via microtomography of the pulp chamber volume. Statistical analyses were performed (P < 0.05). Results: Initially, severe damages to the pulp were observed in the Ble and Ble-1RL groups. Ble-1IRL and Ble-3RL groups showed lower inflammation. The bleached groups had a greater amount of mature collagen fibers than the control group. The Ble-3IRL group had a greater number of immature fibers than the Ble group. At 30 days, there was an absence of inflammation and equal proportion of mature and immature collagen fibers. All bleached groups showed a reduction in the volume of the pulp chamber. Conclusion: Three consecutive applications of RL and one IRL application can minimize damage to the pulp of bleached teeth, whereas three IRL applications can minimize pulp fibrosis. However, LLLT did not prevent deposition of tertiary dentin. Clinical relevance: This study describes LLLT protocols capable of minimizing inflammation and maturation of collagen fibers in pulp tissue after dental bleaching. However, the protocols proved insufficient for reducing the formation of tertiary dentin in bleached teeth. Endodontics School of Dentistry São Paulo State University (UNESP) Restorative Dentistry School of Dentistry Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG) Restorative Dentistry School of Dentistry São Paulo State University (UNESP) Endodontics School of Dentistry São Paulo State University (UNESP) Restorative Dentistry School of Dentistry São Paulo State University (UNESP)

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T12:36:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-15T15:24:33Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1983-46322021000100344.pdf: 1756051 bytes, checksum: a445a5ffbb6a119d52d29dfd8aebf0ea (MD5) Objective: To investigate the tissue response and the biomineralization ability of CER prepared with epoxy resin or water compared to Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA). Material and Methods: Polyethylene tubes containing materials or empty tubes for control were inserted into the subcutaneous tissues of 30 rats. After 7, 15, 30, 60, and 90 days, the rats were killed and the tubes were removed for analysis using hematoxylin-eosin staining, von Kossa staining, and under polarized light. Inflammation was graded through a score system; the thickness of the fibrous capsule was classified as thin or thick; the biomineralization ability was recorded as present or absent. The results were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test (p0.05). After 30, 60, and 90 days, mild inflammation, and a thin fibrous capsule were observed in all groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: All materials had structures positive for von Kossa and birefringent to polarized light. CER epoxy resin showed biocompatibility and biomineralization similar to CER water and MTA. Sao Paulo State Univ, Aracatuba Sch Dent, Dept Prevent & Restorat Dent, Discipline Endodont, Aracatuba, SP, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Sch Engn, Dept Phys & Chem, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil Univ Fed Alagoas, Sch Dent, Dept Odontol, Maceio, Alagoas, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Aracatuba Sch Dent, Dept Prevent & Restorat Dent, Discipline Endodont, Aracatuba, SP, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Sch Engn, Dept Phys & Chem, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil

Made available in DSpace on 2022-05-01T06:02:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-10-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Aim: To evaluate the effect of excessive caffeine intake on the inflammation/resorption processes associated with periapical periodontitis (PP) in rats. Methodology: Sixteen Wistar rats were used. Periapical periodontitis was induced in the four first molars in each animal. The animals were arranged into two groups: control (C)—rats with periapical periodontitis; and caffeine (CAF)—rats with periapical periodontitis under caffeine administration protocol. The CAF animals received 10 mg/100 g of body weight/day of caffeine via gavage starting fifteen days before PP induction and continuing for thirty more days until euthanasia. On the 30th day, the animals were euthanized and the jaws removed for microcomputed tomography, histological and immunohistochemical analysis for RANKL, OPG, TRAP, IL-10, TNF-⍺ and IL-1β. The Mann–Whitney test was performed for nonparametric data, and Student's t test was performed for parametric data, using p

Made available in DSpace on 2022-05-01T05:29:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-09-01 Background: Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is used as an adjunct to endodontic treatment to enhance microbial reduction in the root canal system. However, studies evaluating the impact of laser ablation with Indocyanine Green (ICG) are scarce. Thus, this in vitro study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of laser ablation with ICG using different laser parameters compared with aPDT using photosensitizer methylene blue (MB) and curcumin (CUR) on the reduction of E. faecalis biofilms on root canals. Methods: Forty-nine human premolars were used after biomechanical instrumentation for standardization. The root canals were contaminated with E. faecalis for 10 days to form biofilms, and divided into 7 groups (n = 7): 0.01% MB activated by red laser - MB+RL; 0.05% CUR activated by blue LED – CUR+BL; 0.05% ICG activated by infrared diode laser (2.5 W power, 30 ms interval, and 30 ms duration) - ICG+DL 2.5/30/30; 0.05% ICG activated by infrared diode laser (2.5 W power, 300 ms interval, and 100 ms duration) - ICG+DL 2.5/300/100; 0.05% ICG activated by infrared diode laser (3 W power, 300 ms interval, and 100 ms duration) - ICG+DL 3/300/100; sterile saline solution (negative control) - NC; and 2.5% NaOCl (positive control) - PC. Root canal sampling was performed prior to and immediately after the different treatment protocols. Data were submitted to One- and Two-Way ANOVA, followed by Student-Newman-Keuls test or Fisher LSD's test (α = 0.05). Results: All aPDT protocols promoted significant CFU reductions compared with the NC; the highest CFU reduction was observed for PC (p < 0.05). Among the protocols the highest CFU reduction was promoted by laser ablation with ICG+DL 3/300/100 (p < 0.05) except compared with aPDT using CUR+BL (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Laser ablation protocol using ICG+DL proved to be efficient in reducing E. faecalis biofilms, especially when activated at 3/300/100 configuration. Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Dentistry Department of Restorative Dentistry São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Dentistry Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Dentistry Department of Restorative Dentistry São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Dentistry

Objetivo: apresentar o relato de um caso de tratamento viável para molar inferior permanente endodonticamente tratado que apresentou sintomatologia após 6 meses do tratamento endodôntico. Uma vez que retratamento endodôntico ou cirurgia parendodôntica não eram indicados, o reimplante intencional foi a técnica escolhida. Relato de caso: uma hora antes do procedimento, o paciente fez bochecho com gluconato de clorexidina a 0,12% e foi preparado para cirurgia com anestesia dos nervos alveolar inferior e lingual, realizada com mepivacaína 2% contendo 1:100.000 de adrenalina. O procedimento teve início com extração menos traumática possível, envolvendo-se imediatamente o dente extraído em gaze umedecida com soro fisiológico, enquanto as raízes foram avaliadas para presença de fraturas, seguida da apicectomia. As cavidades foram retroinstrumentadas com broca de alta rotação sob irrigação com soro fisiológico e, para a retro-obturação, foi utilizado agregado de trióxido mineral (MTA) branco. Imediatamente, o dente foi reposicionado no alvéolo e estabilizado por suturas com fio de seda 4-0. Após um ano, o paciente retornou para controle radiográfico e clínico, o qual não revelou mais resposta à percussão vertical. Após 10 anos, a imagem radiográfica mostra reparo apical, sem indícios de reabsorção radicular ou lesão periapical. Conclusão: o exame clínico, associado à ausência dor e mobilidade normal do dente, confirmou o sucesso do tratamento, indicando esse como uma alternativa válida quando o implante não for acessível para o paciente. Essa técnica pode ajudar a restaurar a função de um dente original, em vez de substituí-lo por prótese ou implante dentário.

Aim To investigate hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 )-induced responsiveness in pulp cells using heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) immunolabelling, Jun-D immunolabelling to study the effects of H2 O2 on odontoblastic differentiation and CD90+/CD73+/CD105+/CD45- cell counting for in vivo identification of mesenchymal stem cells in the pulp. Methodology The maxillary molars of 50 rats were treated with a bleaching gel (35% H2 O2 , 1 × 30 min) or placebo gel (control groups). At 2, 3, 7, 15 and 30 days after the treatment (n = 10), inflammation in pulp tissue was analysed by haematoxylin-eosin staining, HO-1- and Jun-D-immunolabelled cells were counted in each third of the pulp chamber, and the number of CD90+/CD73+/CD105+/CD45- cells was quantified by immunofluorescence. The results were assessed using the Paired t-test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test (P Results Significant H2 O2 -induced inflammation was noted at 2 and 3 days (P 0.05). Conclusions Pulp cells responded to oxidative stress by expressing HO-1 during the post-bleaching inflammation phase until the beginning of the repair phase. Jun-D expression occurred during the reduction of inflammation and the beginning of tertiary dentine production. The presence of oxidative stress did not influence the number of CD90+/CD73+/CD105+/CD45- cells identified in vivo in the dental pulp.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T17:11:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-08-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the inflammatory profile of T helper (Th) cells in normoglycemic (N) and diabetic rats with apical periodontitis (AP). Methods: Twenty male Wistar rats were divided in 2 groups: N rats and rats with diabetes mellitus (DM). DM was induced using streptozotocin, and AP was induced by dental pulp exposure of the first mandibular molar to the oral environment. After 30 days, the mandibles were removed and processed for histologic analysis, bacterial analysis, and immunochemical assays for interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, IL-17, IL-23, interferon gamma, and IL-10. The Mann-Whitney U test and Student t test were used for statistical analysis (P

AIM To investigate the plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) of rats with maternal apical periodontitis (AP) and to explore the effect of maternal inflammation on the initial steps of insulin signalling and the inflammatory pathway in the gastrocnemius muscle (GM) and periepididymal white adipose tissue (pWAT) of adult offspring. METHODOLOGY Fifteen female Wistar rats were distributed into a control group (CN), a group with 1 tooth with AP (1AP) and a group with 4 teeth with AP (4AP). Thirty days following induction of AP, female rats from all groups were mated with healthy male rats. When male offspring reached 75 days of age, plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin and TNF-α were quantified. Insulin resistance was evaluated by the homoeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index. Phosphorylation status of pp185 tyrosine, insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) serine, IκB kinase α/β (IKKα/β) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in the GM and pWAT were measured by Western blot. Analysis of variance was performed, followed by the Tukey's post hoc test. P values

To evaluate the influence of violet LED, associated or not with a 17.5% hydrogen peroxide (HP) bleaching gel, on inflammation, mineralization in pulp tissue, and collagen fiber maturation in dentin and pulp tissue.The maxillary molars of eighty Wistar rats were distributed into four groups (n = 10): CONT - without treatment; HP - 30 min application of 17.5% HP; LED - 20 min application of violet LED; and HP+LED - application of PH and violet LED. Rats were euthanized and jaws were processed for histologic and immunohistochemical evaluation (IL-17, IL-23, and osteocalcin) and picrosirius red immediately after (T0), and at 7 (T1), 15 (T2), and 30 days (T3) post-treatment, with Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney, paired T-test, and T-test (α = 0.05).HP and HP+LED presented necrosis and severe inflammatory infiltrate. When compared to CONT group, LED presented severe osteocalcin (OCN) immunostaining in T2 and less immature fibers in T2 and T3.The violet LED caused no severe damage to the pulp tissue, increased IL-17 and IL-23 expression in T0 when associated with HP, and had no influence on pulp tissue mineralization, besides accelerating the maturation of collagen fibers of dentin.Violet LED therapy induced no inflammation in the pulp tissue of rats and played no role in pulp tissue fibrosis, besides accelerating the maturation of dentin collagen fibers.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:31:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-09-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) The development of biomaterials based on the combination of biopolymers with bioactive compounds to develop delivery systems capable of modulating dentin regeneration mediated by resident cells is the goal of current biology-based strategies for regenerative dentistry. In this article, the bioactive potential of a simvastatin (SV)–releasing chitosan-calcium-hydroxide (CH-Ca) scaffold was assessed. After the incorporation of SV into CH-Ca, characterization of the scaffold was performed. Dental pulp cells (DPCs) were seeded onto scaffolds for the assessment of cytocompatibility, and odontoblastic differentiation was evaluated in a microenvironment surrounded by dentin. Thereafter, the cell-free scaffold was adapted to dentin discs positioned in artificial pulp chambers in direct contact with a 3-dimensional (3D) culture of DPCs, and the system was sealed to simulate internal pressure at 20 cm/H2O. In vivo experiments with cell-free scaffolds were performed in rats’ calvaria defects. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy spectra proved incorporation of Ca and SV into the scaffold structure. Ca and SV were released upon immersion in a neutral environment. Viable DPCs were able to spread and proliferate on the scaffold over 14 d. Odontoblastic differentiation occurred in the DPC/scaffold constructs in contact with dentin, in which SV supplementation promoted odontoblastic marker overexpression and enhanced mineralized matrix deposition. The chemoattractant potential of the CH-Ca scaffold was improved by SV, with numerous viable and dentin sialoprotein–positive cells from the 3D culture being observed on its surface. Cells at 3D culture featured increased gene expression of odontoblastic markers in contact with the SV-enriched CH-Ca scaffold. CH-Ca-SV led to intense mineralization in vivo, presenting mineralization foci inside its structure. In conclusion, the CH-Ca-SV scaffold induces differentiation of DPCs into a highly mineralizing phenotype in the presence of dentin, creating a microenvironment capable of attracting pulp cells to its surface and inducing the overexpression of odontoblastic markers in a cell-homing strategy. Department of Operative Dentistry Endodontics and Dental Materials São Paulo University–USP Bauru School of Dentistry Department of Physiology and Pathology University of Estadual Paulista–UNESP Araraquara School of Dentistry Department of Diagnosis and Surgery–Periodontics Division São Paulo State University (Unesp) School of Dentistry Department of Preventive and Operative Dentistry University of Estadual Paulista–UNESP Araçatuba School of Dentistry Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry University of Estadual Paulista–UNESP Araraquara School of Dentistry Department of Physiology and Pathology University of Estadual Paulista–UNESP Araraquara School of Dentistry Department of Diagnosis and Surgery–Periodontics Division São Paulo State University (Unesp) School of Dentistry Department of Preventive and Operative Dentistry University of Estadual Paulista–UNESP Araçatuba School of Dentistry Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry University of Estadual Paulista–UNESP Araraquara School of Dentistry CAPES: 001 FAPESP: 2016/15674-5

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:31:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 This study evaluated the cytocompatibility and antimicrobial/antibiofilm effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) associated with peptide LL-37 and its analogue KR-12-a5 against oral pathogens. The effect of the compounds on metabolism of fibroblasts was evaluated by methyltetrazolium assays. Antimicrobial activity of the compounds was evaluated on Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, Actinomyces israelii, and Fusobacterium nucleatum under planktonic conditions, on single- and dual-species biofilms and E. faecalis biofilms in dentinal tubules and analyzed by bacterial counts and confocal microscopy. Data were statistically analyzed considering p < 0.05. EGCG and peptide combinations were not toxic to fibroblasts. KR-12-a5 showed synergistic or addictive effects with EGCG and LL-37 against all bacteria tested. However, EGCG associated with KR-12-a5 demonstrated the highest bactericidal activity on all bacteria tested, at lower concentrations. In single-species biofilms, EGCG + KR-12-a5 eliminated S. mutans and A. israelii and reduced E. faecalis and F. nucleatum counts around 5 log CFU/mL. EGCG + KR-12-a5 reduced E. faecalis (-3.93 log CFU/mL) and eliminated S. mutans in dual-species biofilms. No growth of E. faecalis and significant reduction in A. israelii (−6.24 log CFU/mL) and F. nucleatum (−4.62 log CFU/mL) counts were detected in dual-species biofilms. The combination of EGCG and KR-12-a5 led to 88% of E. faecalis dead cells inside dentin tubules. The association of EGCG and KR-12-a5 was cytocompatible and promoted synergistic effect against biofilms of bacteria associated with endodontic infections. Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry Araçatuba Dental School São Paulo State University (UNESP) Aracatuba Department of Restorative Dentistry Piracicaba Dental School State University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Piracicaba Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry São Paulo State University - Institute of Chemistry (UNESP) Araraquara Department of Clinics and Surgery School of Dentistry Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG) Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry Araçatuba Dental School São Paulo State University (UNESP) Aracatuba Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry São Paulo State University - Institute of Chemistry (UNESP) Araraquara

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:36:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2022-03-01 Background: Photodynamic therapy with photosensitizers can reduce the microbial load. However, few studies have evaluated the effects of photosensitizers on the color stability of endodontically treated intraradicular dentin. This in vitro study investigated the effects of methylene blue and curcumin photosensitizers used in photodynamic therapy on the color stability of intraradicular dentin. Methods: Sixty human incisors were divided into three experimental groups according to the photosensitizer solutions used and their concentrations: methylene blue (25 mg/L), curcumin (1000 mg/L), and curcumin (1500 mg/L). The color stability of endodontically treated intraradicular dentin was evaluated using a portable reflectance spectrophotometer before and after the samples been storage in 2 mL of the photosensitizer solutions during 5 min (n = 20). Color stability data were subjected to a normality test, and statistical analysis was performed using the one-way analysis of variance and Tukey least significant difference test (α = 0.05). Results: Samples treated with 25 mg/L methylene blue photosensitizer showed a higher level of color alteration than those stored in 1000 mg/L curcumin (p = .03322). However, there was no significant difference in the color alteration profiles between the samples treated with 25 mg/L methylene blue and 1500 mg/L curcumin (p = .36428). Furthermore, there was no difference in the color alteration profiles between the dentin samples immersed in 1000 mg/L and 1500 mg/L curcumin photosensitizer solutions (p = .45321). Conclusions: Methylene blue and curcumin photosensitizers influenced the color stability of endodontically treated intraradicular dentin, and this color alteration exceeded the clinical acceptability threshold. Samples treated with 25 mg/L methylene blue showed the highest level of color alteration. Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry Discipline of Endodontics Araçatuba School of Dentistry São Paulo State University - UNESP Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics Araçatuba School of Dentistry São Paulo State University - UNESP Optic Group Physics Institute of São Carlos - IFSC University of São Paulo – USP Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry Discipline of Endodontics Araçatuba School of Dentistry São Paulo State University - UNESP Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics Araçatuba School of Dentistry São Paulo State University - UNESP

This systematic review (register-osf.io/wg7ba) compared the efficacy and safety of rotary and reciprocating kinematics in the removal of filling material from curved root canals.OnlyThe search resulted in 2,795 studies, of which 15 were included. Efficacy was measured in terms of the remaining filling material and the time required for this. Nine studies evaluated filling material removal, of which 7 found no significant differences between rotary and reciprocating kinematics. Regarding the time for filling removal, 5 studies showed no difference between both kinematics, 2 studies showed faster results with rotary systems, and other 2 showed the opposite. No significant differences were found in apical transportation, centering ability, instrument failure, dentin removed and extruded debris. A low risk of bias was observed.This review suggests that the choice of rotary or reciprocating kinematics does not influence the efficacy of filling removal from curved root canals. Further studies are needed to compare the kinematics safety in curved root canals.

The systematic review tried to answer the following question: Does the melatonin administered systemically or topically ameliorate patients involved with oral health conditions or dental procedures? The systematic review has been registered in the PROSPERO (2021CRD42021095959). Eligibility criteria included only randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) with at least 10 participants that compared patients that received melatonin as a treatment before and/or after their oral intervention topically or systemically, with control patients. A search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Academic Google databases for articles up to February 2021. The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized clinical trials was used and revealed that the studies included presented low risk of bias for the majority of criteria assessed. It was selected 25 articles, of which only six did not demonstrate positive effects and three presented null effects with the use of melatonin. Melatonin has improved the inflammatory response in periodontal disease, dental surgeries, and mucositis of head and neck oncologic irradiated patients. In addition, it showed anxiolytic potential in patients that were submitted to dental procedures. In conclusion, melatonin favored the treatment of oral changes when used topically and systemically.

The objective of this study was to evaluate, in vivo, coronal bacterial infiltration after endodontic treatment with different obturation technique. Forty-five dogs’ root canals, originated from incisors and premolars, were used. The animals were intubated after general anesthesia. After local antisepsis and placement of rubber dam isolation, teeth were opened and instrumented up to a Kerr handfile #40, followed by three obturation protocols with Endofill®: Lateral condensation, Lateral condensation with a coronal plug of set Endofill® and Tagger hybrid technique. Access openings were not sealed and root fillings remained exposed to oral environment for 90 days. After this period, animals were euthanized and specimens were histologically processed and stained with Brown and Brenn. Dentinal tubules were evaluated with presence or absence of bacteria descriptive analysis. Bacterial infiltration was identified on root canal walls in six out of 14 root canals filled with the lateral condensation technique (42,8%), two out of 15 canals filled with Lateral condensation with a plug of set Endofill® (13,3%) and in two out 13 root canals filled with the Tagger hybrid technique (15,3%). Although the use of a coronal plug or a thermomechanical compaction technique showed less bacterial infiltration than conventional lateral condensation, none of the obturation techniques prevented bacterial infiltration to periapical area, evidencing the importance of a proper coronal seal or final restoration. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar, in vivo, la infiltración bacteriana coronaria tras un tratamiento endodóntico con diferentes técnicas de obturación. Se utilizaron 45 conductos radiculares de perro, procedentes de incisivos y premolares. Los animales fueron intubados después de la anestesia general. Después de la antisepsia local y el aislamiento absoluto, se accedió a los dientes y se instrumentaron en una lima manual K # 40, seguido de tres protocolos de llenado con Endofill®: condensación lateral, condensación lateral con tapón coronario Endofill® endurecido y técnica híbrida de Tagger. Los accesos coronarios no fueron sellados y los empastes permanecieron expuestos al medio oral durante 90 días. Después de este período, los animales fueron sacrificados y las muestras procesadas histológicamente y teñidas con Brown y Brenn. Los túbulos dentinarios se evaluaron con análisis descriptivo de la presencia o ausencia de bacterias. Se identificó infiltración bacteriana en las paredes del conducto radicular en seis de los 14 conductos radiculares rellenos con la técnica de condensación lateral (42,8%), dos de los 15 conductos rellenos de condensación lateral con un tapón Endofill® (13,3%) y en dos de 13 canales rellenados por la técnica híbrida de Tagger (15,3%). Aunque el uso del tapón coronal o la técnica de compactación termomecánica ha mostrado una menor infiltración bacteriana que la condensación lateral convencional, ninguna de las técnicas de obturación evitó la infiltración bacteriana en la región periapical, mostrando la importancia de un adecuado sellado coronario o restauración final. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar, in vivo, a infiltração bacteriana coronária após tratamento endodôntico com diferentes técnicas de obturação. Foram utilizados 45 canais radiculares de cães, originados de incisivos e pré-molares. Os animais foram intubados após anestesia geral. Após antissepsia local e isolamento absoluto, os dentes foram acessados e instrumentados até uma lima manual K#40, seguido de três protocolos de obturação com Endofill®: Condensação lateral, Condensação lateral com plug coronário de Endofill® endurecido e técnica híbrida de Tagger. Os acessos coronários não foram selados e as obturações permaneceram expostas ao meio bucal por 90 dias. Após esse período, os animais foram eutanasiados e os espécimes processados ​​histologicamente e corados com Brown e Brenn. Os túbulos dentinários foram avaliados com análise descritiva da presença ou ausência de bactérias. Infiltração bacteriana foi identificada nas paredes do canal radicular em seis dos 14 canais radiculares preenchidos com a técnica de condensação lateral (42,8%), dois dos 15 canais preenchidos com condensação lateral com um plug de Endofill® (13,3%) e em dois de 13 canais obturados pela técnica híbrida de Tagger (15,3%). Embora o uso do plug coronal ou da técnica de compactação termomecânica tenha demonstrado menor infiltração bacteriana do que a condensação lateral convencional, nenhuma das técnicas de obturação evitou a infiltração bacteriana na região periapical, evidenciando a importância de um selamento coronário adequado ou restauração final.

Endodontics has gained emphasis in the scientific community in recent years due to the increase in clinical and in animal models studies focused on endodontic medicine, which aims to evaluate the interrelationship between systemic and periapical tissues pathological conditions. These studies have shown that systemic changes can boost the pathogenesis of endodontic infection, favoring its development and progression. A contrary relationship is reported in numerous studies that affirm the potential of endodontic infection to trigger systemic damage and may lead to the worsening of pre-existing pathologies. Recently, the potential of filling materials to develop systemic changes such as neurological alterations had been evaluated, also showing that systemic diseases can negatively influence tissue responses to filling materials after endodontic treatment. Despite advances in endodontic medicine studies, there are still gaps in knowledge on the mechanisms of interactions between apical periodontitis (AP) and systemic diseases and much research to be done. In this sense, this critical narrative literature review aimed to show the evolution of studies in endodontic medicine to help the endodontist to know the role of systemic diseases in the pathogenesis of AP and the possible interference in the repair of periapical tissues after endodontic treatment, as well as to evidence the systemic complications that can be triggered or aggravated in the presence of endodontic infection.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:20:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-06-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Aim: To verify the effects of melatonin supplementation on insulin sensitivity, plasma concentrations of inflammatory cytokines, insulin signalling and inflammatory pathways in the soleus (SM) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles of rats with apical periodontitis (AP). Methodology: Seventy-two Wistar rats were distributed into 4 groups: (a) control (C), (b) control supplemented with melatonin (M), (c) AP (AP), and (d) AP supplemented with melatonin (AP + M). AP was induced by pulp exposure of the maxillary and mandibular right first and second molars to the oral environment. After AP induction, oral supplementation with 5 mg kg−1 melatonin (diluted in drinking water) for 60 days was initiated. At the end of the treatment, the following were analysed: (1) plasma concentrations of insulin and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and IL-10) using ELISA kits; (2) glycaemia using enzymatic assay; (3) insulin resistance using homoeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index; and (4) phosphorylation status of pp185 tyrosine, Akt serine, IKKα/β, and JNK in SM and EDL using Western blot. Analysis of variance of two or three factors was performed, followed by the Bonferroni test. P values

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:57:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 Aim: To investigate the effects of liver fibrosis (LF) on the pro-inflammatory mediators and periapical bone resorption of apical periodontitis (AP) in rats. Methodology: Forty male Wistar rats were distributed into four groups: C – control, AP – rats with AP, LF – rats with LF, AP + LF – rats with AP and LF. LF was induced by carbon tetrachloride administration for 8 weeks and surgical bile duct ligation for 4 weeks; AP was induced in the teeth of rats by dental pulp exposure to the oral environment for 30 days. Jaws and livers were removed after euthanasia. Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) and Picrosirius Red (PSR) staining were used to confirm fibrosis in the livers. The jaws were analysed using H&E staining, immunohistochemical assays of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Student’s t-test and Mann–Whitney’s U-test were used for statistical analysis (P

Objectives This study compared the cytotoxicity, biocompatibility, and tenascin immunolabeling of a new ready-to-use hydraulic sealer (Bio-C Sealer) with MTA-Fillapex and white MTA-Angelus. Materials and Methods L929 fibroblasts were cultivated and exposed to undiluted and diluted material extracts. Polyethylene tubes with or without (the control) the materials were implanted into the dorsa of rats. At 7 days and 30 days, the rats were euthanized, and the specimens were prepared for analysis; inflammation and immunolabeling were measured, and statistical analysis was performed (p < 0.05). Results MTA-Fillapex exhibited greater cytotoxicity than the other materials at all time points (p < 0.05). The undiluted Bio-C Sealer exhibited greater cytocompatibility at 6 and 48 hours than white MTA-Angelus, with higher cell viability than in the control (p < 0.05). White MTA-Angelus displayed higher cell viability than the control at 24 hours, and the one-half dilution displayed similar results at both 6 and 48 hours (p < 0.05). At 7 days and 30 days, the groups exhibited moderate inflammation with thick fibrous capsules and mild inflammation with thin fibrous capsules, respectively (p > 0.05). At 7 days, moderate to strong immunolabeling was observed (p > 0.05). After 30 days, the control and MTA-Fillapex groups exhibited strong immunolabeling, the white MTA-Angelus group exhibited moderate immunolabeling (p > 0.05), and the Bio-C Sealer group exhibited low-to-moderate immunolabeling, differing significantly from the control (p < 0.05). Conclusions Bio-C Sealer and white MTA-Angelus exhibited greater cytocompatibility than MTA-Fillapex; all materials displayed adequate biocompatibility and induced tenascin immunolabeling.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:31:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Introduction: Periodontitis, a complex infectious disease that may lead to irreversible loss of periodontium, is considered a predisposing agent for developing insulin resistance due to the release of inflammatory mediators, showing a bilateral relationship with diabetes mellitus. The investigation of periodontal disease requires a clinical approach and complete intraoral radiographs, even with increasing concerns about radiation exposure. Thus, this study assesses pixel linear analysis accuracy using digital radiography via Digora® in detecting alveolar bone destruction in diabetic rats with periodontal disease. Methodology: 40 rats were divided into groups (n = 10): control (C), rats with periodontal disease (PD), experimental diabetic rats (ED), experimental diabetic rats with periodontal disease (ED-PD). Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin and periodontal disease by periodontal ligature. After 30 days, maxillae bone destruction was obtained by linear analysis of vertical bone loss using digital radiography and then assessed by micro-CT and histology. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test (p < 0.05). Results: Radiographic, micro-CT and histological analysis presented accurate and similar results. PD and ED-PD groups showed higher bone destruction than C and ED groups (p < 0.05). Moreover, the ED-PD group had higher bone loss than the PD group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The pixel linear analysis via digital radiography was an accurate, low-cost alternative in detecting alveolar bone loss in this rat model. Micro-CT and histological analysis may also be used to obtain linear measures to assess and compare periodontal bone destruction in diabetic rats. Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry Endodontic Section School of Dentistry São Paulo State University (Unesp) Department of Basic Science School of Dentistry São Paulo State University (Unesp) Department of Dentistry Endodontics and Dental Materials School of Dentistry University of São Paulo – USP Division of Endodontics University of Minnesota School of Dentistry Department of Cariology Restorative Sciences and Endodontics University of Michigan Department of Periodontics University Center São Lucas School of Dentistry Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine Dental School of Amazonas State University Dental Assistance Center for Disabled Persons (CAOE) of the São Paulo State University (Unesp) School of Dentistry Department of Endodontics State University of Northern Paraná (UENP) School of Dentistry Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry Endodontic Section School of Dentistry São Paulo State University (Unesp) Department of Basic Science School of Dentistry São Paulo State University (Unesp) Dental Assistance Center for Disabled Persons (CAOE) of the São Paulo State University (Unesp) School of Dentistry

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:15:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-10-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Aim: To investigate the relationship between apical periodontitis and atherosclerosis in rats by lipid profile and carotid artery intima tunic measurement, and histological and histometric evaluation of periapical lesions. Methodology: Forty male Wistar rats were allocated into four groups: control (C), with apical periodontitis (AP), with atherosclerosis (AT) and with AP and AT (AP + AT). Atherosclerosis was induced using a high-lipid diet associated with a surgical ligature in the carotid artery and a super dosage of vitamin D3. AP was induced via pulp exposure to the oral environment. At 45 and 75 days, serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured. The maxillary and mandibular jaws and carotid artery were collected and processed for histological analysis. The Kruskal–Wallis or Mann–Whitney test was performed for nonparametric data, and the Tukey’s or Student’s t-test was performed for parametric data (P ' 0.05). Results: In nonatherosclerotic animals, the induction of apical periodontitis increased TG levels significantly, from 63.1 ± 11.4 mg dL−1 in group C to 88.2 ± 7.9 mg dL−1 in the AP group (P ' 0.05). The induction of AP was associated with a trend for higher TC and LDL-C levels in atherosclerotic animals (P ' 0.05); however, it only significantly increased TG levels, from 93.2 ± 18.0 mg dL−1 in AT group to 121.9 ± 14.5 mg dL−1 in the AP + AT group (P ' 0.05). Animals in the AP + AT group had a 36.5% increase in the thickness of the carotid intima tunic when compared with the AT group (P ' 0.05). The intensity of the inflammatory infiltrate was significantly larger in the AP + AT group when compared with AP group (P ' 0.05). The AP + AT group exhibited significantly greater alveolar bone loss, with a periapical lesion size of 206.4 ± 56.3 × 104 μm2, compared with 151.4 ± 49.1 × 104 μm2 in the AP group (P ' 0.05). Conclusion: Apical periodontitis influenced triglyceride levels, increasing them even in the absence of atherosclerosis, and influenced the increase in the thickness of the carotid artery intima tunic in the presence of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis intensified the inflammatory reaction and increased bone resorption in periapical lesions. Endodontic Section Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry School of Dentistry São Paulo State University (Unesp) Endodontic Section Department of Stomatology School of Dentistry University of Sevilla Endodontic Section Department of Restorative Dentistry School of Dentistry Federal University of Minas Gerais Department of Cariology Restorative Sciences and Endodontics University of Michigan Department Clinic and Surgery and Animal Reproduction Araçatuba Veterinary Medicine São Paulo State University (Unesp) Endodontic Section Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry School of Dentistry São Paulo State University (Unesp) Department Clinic and Surgery and Animal Reproduction Araçatuba Veterinary Medicine São Paulo State University (Unesp) FAPESP: 2016/08005-0 CNPq: 311650/2018-0 CNPq: 436122/2018-9

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) have been reported to exert important roles in the inflammatory response. There are many inflammatory diseases in dentistry which support the administration of ω-3 PUFAs as an adjunct therapy during the treatment of these diseases. The aim of this review was to evaluate the use of ω-3 PUFAs as an adjuvant therapy during the treatment of buccal diseases. The review showed that supplementation with ω-3 PUFAs was used for treatment of gingivitis, periodontal diseases, apical periodontitis, stomatitis, and orthodontic tooth movement. The results indicate that ω-3 PUFAs decreased the number of pro-inflammatory mediators in the gingival tissues of individuals with gingivitis and periodontitis. In apical periodontitis, the supplementation suppressed bone resorption and promoted bone formation in the periapical area of rats. During orthodontic movement, the supplementation showed a decrease of bone resorption in rats. It also showed that painful symptoms of recurrent aphthous stomatitis were alleviated in supplemented patients. In conclusion, the ω-3 PUFAs may be used as an adjuvant therapy in the treatment of inflammatory diseases that affect the oral cavity. However, more studies are required to elucidate the role of ω-3 PUFAs in decreasing oral cavity inflammatory processes.

Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry Discipline of Endodontics Aracatuba School of Dentistry Sao Paulo State University – UNESP

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:51:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-15T15:23:40Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1678-77572021000100403.pdf: 5527338 bytes, checksum: 9b28ab8a5ce07b81fc69125cf7ac3eaf (MD5) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether probiotics multi-strain formula affects the development of apical periodontitis (AP) induced in rats. Methodology: 16 Wistar rats were divided in two groups (n=8): rats with AP fed with regular diet (Control-C (CG)); rats with AP, fed with regular diet and supplemented with multi-strain formula (one billion colony-forming units (CFU)): GNC Probiotic Complex (PCG) (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus salivaris, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium animalis subs. lactis and Streptococcus thermofilus). AP was induced in the upper and lower first molars by dental pulp exposure to the oral environment. PCG was administered orally through gavage for 30 days during the AP development. After this period the animals were euthanized and the mandibles were removed and processed for histologic analysis, and immunochemical assays for interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-1β, RANKL, OPG, and TRAP. The Mann–Whitney U test and Student’s t test were performed (P.05). The number of mature osteoclasts (TRAP-positive multinucleated cells) was lower in PCG group when compared to the CG (P

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:47:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-02-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Introduction: This study investigated the effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) on serum inflammatory mediators of rats with pulp exposure–induced apical periodontitis. Methods: Forty male Wistar rats were divided into the following groups: control, untreated rats (C); control rats treated with ω-3 PUFAs (C-O); rats with pulp exposure–induced apical periodontitis (AP); and rats with pulp exposure–induced apical periodontitis treated with ω-3 PUFAs (AP-O). ω-3 PUFAs were administered orally once a day for 15 days before pulp exposure and continued for 30 days after pulp exposure. The rats were sacrificed, and then blood and jaw samples were collected. Blood analysis was conducted to determine the total number of leukocytes including neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes. Proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin (IL) 6, and IL-17 were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Histologic analysis was performed to confirm the development of apical periodontitis. The data were statistically evaluated using analysis of variance and the Tukey posttest. The significance level was set at 5%. Results: The development of apical periodontitis was confirmed in all infected groups. Bone destruction was larger in the AP group compared with the AP-O group (P

FAPESP - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo Objectives To minimize the tooth sensitivity caused by in-office bleaching, many dentists use non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and topical desensitizing gels containing potassium nitrate and sodium fluoride. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of these substances on inflammation and the expression of substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide in pulp nerve fibers. Materials and Methods Seventy-two rats were divided into 6 groups as follows: GI, control; GII, only dental bleaching; GIII, only ibuprofen; GIV, ibuprofen administered 30 minutes before and after the bleaching treatment and every 12 hours until the analysis; GV, only topical application of a desensitizing agent; and GVI, topical application of a desensitizing agent before dental bleaching. Placebo gel was applied to the upper left jaw and the bleaching agent was applied to the upper right jaw in all groups. Subsequently, the groups were divided into 3 subgroups based on the time of analysis: 0, 24, and 48 hours after bleaching (n = 8). The rats were euthanized and the maxillae were processed and evaluated by histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses. The data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by the Dunn test (p < 0.05). Results In the bleaching groups, the inflammatory process and expression of neuropeptides decreased over time. The animals in which a desensitizing agent was applied showed better results within 24 hours. Conclusions The use of a desensitizing agent had positive effects on inflammation and pain-related neuropeptide expression, minimizing the painful effects of dental bleaching treatment

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T16:52:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-12-01 Pilomatrixoma is considered a rare benign tumor arising from the hair follicle, most common in the head and neck region, but it is rarely diagnosed on a clinical basis. This report describes a new case of giant pilomatrixoma in a 36-year-old female patient. The nodule was localized in the preauricular area on the right side, appearing as a slow-growing, fixed, painless, with a hardened consistency, unusual giant (4.5 cm). A cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) examination showed a slightly hyperdense lesion, and fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) revealed peripheral blood and mononucleated inflammatory cells. After enucleation of lesion, a diagnosis of pilomatrixoma was confirmed. The differential diagnosis of pilomatrixoma is broad, because its characteristics also can be found in other lesions common to the head and neck. Thus, a lesion in the head and neck, adherent to the skin, and well demarcated, mainly in the young and in females, should be suspected as pilomatrixoma. Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine Amazonas State University Maxilofacial Surgery Amazonas State University Maxilofacial Surgery Amazonas State University Maxilofacial Surgery Residency Endodontics School of Dentistry São Paulo State University (Unesp) Periodontics School of Dentistry University Center São Lucas Endodontics School of Dentistry São Paulo State University (Unesp)

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:37:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-07-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) with multiple sessions of low-level laser on the alveolar repair process of rats with major risk factors for medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ). Senile rats received 0.45 mL of vehicle (VEH and VEH-PBM) or 0.45 mL of 100 μg/kg zoledronate (ZOL and ZOL-PBM) administrated intraperitoneally every two days during seven weeks. After three weeks of initiation of drug treatment the first lower left molar was extracted. No local treatment was performed in VEH and ZOL. VEH-PBM and ZOL-PBM were submitted to laser irradiation (660 ± 10 nm; 0.035 W; 2.1 J; 60 s) on the extraction site at 0, 2 and 4 days postoperatively. Euthanasia was performed 28 days after tooth extraction. Histological sections of the hemimandible were submitted to histopathological and histomorphometric analysis, as well as to histochemistry for collagen fiber maturation and immunohistochemistry for pro-inflammatory cytokines. In ZOL, general impairment of tissue repair, areas with osteonecrosis, lower newly formed bone tissue (NFBT), smaller amount of mature collagen fibers and increased immunoreactivity for TNFα IL-1β and IL-6 were observed when compared to VEH and VEH-PBM. ZOL-PBM showed significant improvement in some parameters compared to ZOL, such as positive repair tissue, higher NFBT, greater amount of mature collagen fibers, besides TNFα and IL-1β immunoreactivity decrease. Zoledronate treatment severely compromised the tissue repair process of the tooth extraction site in rats with major risk factors for MRONJ. Based on parameters employed in the present study, PBM in multiple sessions can improve the alveolar repair process, constituting a promising preventive therapy to avoid the onset of post-extraction MRONJ. Group for the Research and Study of Laser in Dentistry School of Dentistry of Araçatuba São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic School of Dentistry São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua José Bonifácio, 1193, CEP Department of Basic Science School of Dentistry São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua José Bonifácio, 1193, CEP Institute of Biosciences São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Prof. Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250, CEP Department of Morphology Physiology and Basic Pathology School of Dentistry São Paulo University (USP), Avenida do Café s/n, CEP Department of Restorative Dentistry School of Dentistry São Paulo StateUniversity (UNESP), Rua José Bonifácio, 1193, CEP Group for the Research and Study of Laser in Dentistry School of Dentistry of Araçatuba São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic School of Dentistry São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua José Bonifácio, 1193, CEP Department of Basic Science School of Dentistry São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua José Bonifácio, 1193, CEP Institute of Biosciences São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Prof. Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250, CEP Department of Restorative Dentistry School of Dentistry São Paulo StateUniversity (UNESP), Rua José Bonifácio, 1193, CEP FAPESP: #2012/03067-6 FAPESP: #2013/26779-4 FAPESP: #2014/02199-1 FAPESP: #2014/14118-6 CNPq: #28040-2013 CNPq: #30699-2014

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:18:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-03-23 Objective: Evaluate, in vivo, the biocompatibility via subcutaneous inflammatory tissue response and mineralization ability of the new MTA Flow compared to MTA Angelus and ProRoot MTA. Materials and methods: Forty male Wistar rats were assigned and received subcutaneous polyethylene tube implants containing the test materials and a control group with empty tube (n = 10 animals/group). After days 7, 15, 30, and 60, the animals were euthanized and the polyethylene tubes were removed with the surrounding tissues. Inflammatory infiltrate and thickness of the fibrous capsule were histologically evaluated. Mineralization was analyzed by Von Kossa staining and under polarized light. Data were analyzed via Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn’s test with a significance level of 5%. Results: MTA Angelus induced the mildest reaction after 7 (P > .05) and 15 days (P < .05) followed by MTA Flow, both cements achieving mild inflammatory reaction after 15 days. ProRoot MTA induced a severe inflammation on day 7 and was reducing after day 15 (P > .05). No difference was observed after days 30 or 60 (P > .05). Von Kossa staining and birefringent structures were positive to all materials. Conclusions: At the end of the experiment, the novel MTA Flow showed biocompatibility and induced biomineralization in all time periods. Clinical relevance: The final consistence obtained in MTA Flow may facilitate several procedures, indicating that the MTA Flow has a promising application in endodontics. Department of Endodontics Araçatuba School of Dentistry Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), R: José Bonifácio, 1193, Vila Mendonça Department of Endodontics Araçatuba School of Dentistry Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), R: José Bonifácio, 1193, Vila Mendonça

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:35:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-12-01 Background: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with methylene blue photosensitizer (PS) and calcium hydroxide intracanal medication on Martens hardness (MH), elastic modulus (Eit) and adhesive bond strength of glass-fiber posts in different thirds of intraradicular dentin. Methods: Ninety-six bovine teeth were distributed into the following 6 experimental groups: a negative control irrigated with deionized water; a positive control irrigated with deionized water and filled with calcium hydroxide intracanal medication (Ca[OH]2); Ca[OH]2 + methylene blue 50 mg/L without activation; Ca[OH]2 + methylene blue 100 mg/L without activation; Ca[OH]2 + methylene blue 50 mg/L activated by red laser; and Ca[OH]2 + methylene blue 100 mg/L activated by red laser (n = 16). MH and Eit were measured using an ultramicrodurometer under load action of 3 mN (n = 8). Adhesive bond strength was measured using the push-out test in a universal testing machine (n = 8), and representative samples underwent scanning electron microscopy. Data on MH, Eit, and bond strength were subjected to normality tests and analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). Results: Methylene blue PS, activated or not by red laser, associated with calcium hydroxide medication did not promote significant difference as compared to the control groups irrigated with deionized water, associated or not with the use of intracanal medication, regarding mechanical properties and bond strength (p > 0.05). Experimental groups showed no difference between the thirds regarding root canal depth (p > 0.05), except for the positive control group, in which the apical third showed higher Eit values than the middle third (p = 0.0324). There was a predominance of mixed failure in all experimental groups, excepted the red laser-activated group treated with the highest concentration of methylene blue, which showed predominance of adhesive failure. Conclusions: PDT with methylene blue PS at 50 mg/L, associated with intracanal calcium hydroxide medication is a satisfactory alternative for endodontic treatment as there is no interference in the mechanical properties and bond strength among glass-fiber posts to intraradicular dentin at any depth of the root canal. Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics Araçatuba School of Dentistry São Paulo State University - UNESP Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry Discipline of Endodontics Araçatuba School of Dentistry São Paulo State University - UNESP Araçatuba School of Dentistry, Rua José Bonifácio, 1193 Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Federal University of Minas Gerais Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics Araçatuba School of Dentistry São Paulo State University - UNESP Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry Discipline of Endodontics Araçatuba School of Dentistry São Paulo State University - UNESP Araçatuba School of Dentistry, Rua José Bonifácio, 1193

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a presença de imunomarcadores fibronectina e tenascina em subcutâneo de rato com cimento reparador biocerâmico Biodentine®, quando comparado ao MTA Branco Angelus® e Ca(OH)2 . Foram implantados tubos de polietileno no subcutâneo de 32 ratos machos Wistar contendo os materiais e um tubo vazio para controle (n = 8 animais). Após os dias 7, 15, 30 e 60, os animais foram eutanasiados, os tubos de polietileno removidos com os tecidos circundantes e os espécimes foram preparados para análise de imunomarcação. Os dados foram analisados por meio do teste de Kruskal-Wallis e Dunn com nível de significância de 5%. Os materiais apresentaram moderado padrão de imunomarcação para fibronectina a partir de 7 dias e de tenascina a partir de 15 dias. O grupo Biodentine aos 60 dias foi o único que apresentou alto padrão de imunomarcação para as glicoproteínas. Conclui-se que o cimento Biodentine induziu maior padrão de imunomarcação de tenascina e fribronectina no período de 60 dias, e se igualando ao MTA e ao Ca(OH)2 nos outros períodos, mostrando resultados superiores aos outros materiais.

A pulpotomia é uma opção de tratamento conservador que têm como função preservar a vitalidade pulpar na porção radicular, com o uso de materiais biocompatíveis sobre este tecido remanescente. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a resposta biológica do remanescente pulpar frente aos cimentos biocerâmicos reparadores Biodentine® e MTA Branco Angelus® comparados ao hidróxido de cálcio após pulpotomia. Foram utilizados vinte e quatro ratos machos que tiveram as polpas coronárias do primeiro e segundo molar expostas e removidas com uma cureta afiada. O tecido pulpar remanescente recebeu um dos materiais experimentais: Biodentine®, MTA Angelus® ou Ca(OH)2 + água destilada e selados com ionômero de vidro. Um grupo foi selado diretamente com ionômero de vidro, como grupo controle negativo. Após 7 e 15 dias os animais foram eutanasiados e as peças submetidas ao processamento histológico para avaliação do processo inflamatório pela colocaração em HE e imunoistoquímico (Fibronectina e Tenascina), através da atribuição de scores de 1 a 4. Formação de ponte de tecido duro foi observada em coloração HE, avaliando presença, continuidade e morfologia. Os dados foram submetidos ao teste de Kruskal Wallis e Dunn (p

Objective: Evaluate, in vivo , the influence of mixing failures on endodontic sealers. Material and methods: To alveolus analysis, 80 rats were divided into Sealapex ® and AH Plus ® groups. Within each group, the sealer was subjected to either partial (incomplete homogenization—simulating handling failures) or total mixing (complete homogenization) over two periods of 7 and 30 days (n = 20). The maxillary incisor was extracted and a polyethylene tube containing the sealer was inserted. To quantify edema, 40 male rats were divided into four groups (n = 10). The animals received 2% Evans Blue intravenously, and either AH Plus ® or Sealapex ® was injected subcutaneously. The rats were euthanized after 3 or 6 hours and analyzed in a spectrophotometer (630 ƞm). To analyze the subcutaneous tissue, 20 rats received polyethylene tube implants with the sealers in the dorsal area (n=10), then euthanized after either 7 or 30 days, and inflammation was evaluated according to an inflammatory cells score. Results : In the alveolar 7-day group, control group presented an inflammation score 1, while all other groups presented a score 2, except AH plus ® total mix group (3). After 30 days, all groups presented a score 1. The edemogenic test showed less edema in Sealapex ® groups (p < 0.5). In subcutaneous 7-day period, all groups presented score 2. In 30 days, all groups revealed score 1, except AH Plus ® partial mix group (2). Conclusion: Regarding mixing of the sealers, there were no significant differences among the groups. Keywords AH Plus; Inflammation; Materials testing; Root canal filling materials; Sealapex.

Objective This study provides an in vivo evaluation of the inflammatory response, levels of cell proliferation and apoptosis, and the presence of necrosis after dental bleaching with two concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Design Wistar rats were divided into Control (placebo gel), BLUE (20% H2O2, 1 × 50 min), and MAXX (35% H2O2, 3 × 15 min) groups. At 2 and 30 days, the rats were killed (n = 10). The jaws were processed for histology analysis and PCNA and Caspase-3-cleaved immunohistochemistry, and data were submitted to the Mann-Whitney or ANOVA test (P Results At 2 days, the MAXX group showed necrosis and the BLUE group revealed moderate inflammation on the occlusal third of the crown (P Conclusions The concentration of H2O2 influences effects on the pulp tissue, where a higher concentration of H2O2 can cause necrosis in the pulp and a prolonged effect within the apoptotic process; lower concentrations of H2O2 provide moderate inflammation, cell proliferation and apoptosis with a reduction of these processes over time.

EditorialCaro(a) Leitor(a)Os Programas de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Odontológica e em Odontologia da Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba (FOA) – UNESP teve o prazer de realizar o 3º Workshop de Biomateriais em 29 de novembro de 2019. O tema escolhido para esse Workshop foi “Fitoterápicos – Multidisciplinaridade e Aplicabilidade Comercial”. Os estudos com essa temática têm aumentando exponencialmente nos últimos 5 anos e com estimativas também crescentes até 2023, refletindo a tendência dos consumidores pela preferência de bioprodutos por apresentarem diversos benefícios terapêuticos e baixos efeitos colaterais. Pensando dessa forma, selecionamos para esse Workshop de Biomateriais um time diversificado de pesquisadores experts na área para trazerem o que há de mais atual e com aplicabilidades promissoras para as diversas áreas da Odontologia. O Evento contou com o apoio do Programa CAPES-PrInt UNESP, viabilizando a presença de palestrantes de Portugal, Estados Unidos e Canadá. Alunos também participaram divulgando suas pesquisas na área de Biomateriais.Comissão Organizadora

CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico This study evaluated the biocompatibility, biomineralization, and collagen fiber maturation induced by Resorbable Tissue Replacement (RTR®; β-tricalcium phosphate [TCP]), Bioglass (BIOG; bioactive glass), and DM Bone® (DMB; hydroxyapatite and β-TCP) in vivo. Sixty-four polyethylene tubes with or without (control group; CG) materials (n=8/group/period) were randomly implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of 16 male Wistar rats (four per rat), weighting 250 to 280 g. The rats were killed after 7 and 30 days (n=8), and the specimens were removed for analysis of inflammation using hematoxylin-eosin; biomineralization assay using von Kossa (VK) staining and polarized light (PL); and collagen fiber maturation using picrosirius red (PSR). Nonparametric data were statistically analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests, and parametric data by one-way ANOVA test (p0.05). At 30 days, there was mild inflammation in the BIOG and CG, and moderate inflammation in the RTR and DMB groups, with a significant difference between the CG and RTR (p0.05), although DMB exhibited more mature fibers than BIOG at 30 days (p0,05). Aos 30 dias, houve inflamação leve nos grupos BIOG e GC, e inflamação moderada nos grupos RTR e DMB, com diferença significativa entre os GC e RTR (p0,05), embora o DMB exibiu fibras mais maduras do que o BIOG aos 30 dias (p

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:10:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-01-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-15T15:25:53Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1678-77572020000100449.pdf: 3048036 bytes, checksum: 57cb44509c2874f63076bac4ffd284a8 (MD5) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Objectives: This study evaluated if the use of a bioactive glass-ceramicbased gel, named Biosilicate (BS), before, after or mixed with bleaching gel, could influence the inflammation of the dental pulp tissue of rats’ molars undergoing dental bleaching with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Methodology: The upper molars of Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus, albinus) were divided into Ble: bleached (35% H2O2, 30-min); Ble-BS: bleached and followed by BS-based gel application (20 min); BS-Ble: BS-based gel application and then bleaching; BS/7d-Ble: BS-based gel applications for 7 days and then bleaching; Ble+BS: blend of H2O2 with BS-based gel (1:1, 30-min); and control: placebo gel. After 2 and 30 days (n=10), the rats were euthanized for histological evaluation. The Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn statistical tests were performed (P0.05). At 30 days, the pulp tissue was organized and the bleached groups presented tertiary dentin deposition. The Ble group had the highest deposition of tertiary dentin, followed by the Ble-BS, and both were different from control (P

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T01:55:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-06-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Background: There are few studies on the influence of methylene blue as a photosensitiser on the mechanical properties and adhesion of glass-fiber posts to intraradicular dentin. Thus, this in vitro study aimed to evaluate the influence of photodynamic therapy with a methylene blue photosensitizer on the Martens hardness, elastic modulus, and bond strength of glass-fiber posts in different thirds of intraradicular dentin. Methods: Eighty bovine teeth were divided into the following five groups: a control using deionized water, and four other groups according to the methylene blue concentration (50 mg/L or 100 mg/L) and substrate treatment (with or without red laser action). Ultramicrohardness test was used to evaluate the mechanical properties in different regions of the root dentin (n = 8). Push-out analysis was evaluated using a universal testing machine (n = 8). Data were subjected to the Kruskal–Wallis test, followed by Dunn's test for comparing groups, and the Friedman test for comparing thirds (α = 0.05). Representative scanning electron microscopy images were obtained. Results: In general, methylene blue in distinct concentrations, with or without laser action, did not cause differences in the mechanical properties or bond strength in different regions of root dentin (P > 0.05). Methylene blue at a higher concentration, activated with laser, produced lower bond strength values in the middle third of the root canal (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Methylene blue at 50 mg/L had no influence on the mechanical properties of the bovine tooth and the bond strength of the glass-fiber posts to intraradicular dentin. Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics Araçatuba School of Dentistry São Paulo State University – UNESP Department of Restorative Dentistry Discipline of Endodontics Araçatuba School of Dentistry São Paulo State University – UNESP Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics Araçatuba School of Dentistry São Paulo State University – UNESP Department of Restorative Dentistry Discipline of Endodontics Araçatuba School of Dentistry São Paulo State University – UNESP FAPESP: #2015/06056-3

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T01:56:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-06-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Background: To evaluate the bleaching efficacy and post-operative sensitivity of 10 % carbamide peroxide (PC) with or without violet LED (VL). Methods: Thirty patients were selected and were instructed to perform home bleaching treatment using PC 10 %, for 8 h daily, for 21 days. All patients underwent in-office irradiation of only one hemiarch with VL for 30 min, twice per week for three weeks, totaling six clinical sessions of irradiation. The treatment used for each hemiarch was determined randomly. The analyses were performed at the initial time and 7, 14, and 21 days after the start of treatment and 7 and 14 days after the end of the bleaching treatment. For color analysis, digital spectrophotometry was done using the Visual Analog Scale and cold detection was performed using the thermo-sensory analysis II (TSA II) equipment. The ANOVA-two way with repeated measures and the Tukey test (α = 0.05) were used for the color and cold sensitivity analysis. Results: On analyzing the color change, it was observed that the hemiarch that was irradiated with VL presented the highest values compared with the side that did not receive irradiation. Regarding tooth sensitivity, there was no report of any patient experiencing discomfort during the bleaching protocol. Analysis of the dental thermal sensation threshold showed that the use of VL made the teeth more sensitive. Conclusions: It can be concluded that the VL provided a positive effect on color alteration when used in conjunction with 10 % PC. However, the use of this new protocol made the teeth more sensitive. Department of Restorative Dentistry Araçatuba School of Dentistry São Paulo State University – UNESP Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics Araçatuba School of Dentistry São Paulo State University – UNESP Department of Restorative Dentistry Araçatuba School of Dentistry São Paulo State University – UNESP Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics Araçatuba School of Dentistry São Paulo State University – UNESP FAPESP: #2015/21682-8 FAPESP: #2016/19982-6 FAPESP: #2017/07000-7 CNPq: #304572/2016-0

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T16:32:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-09-01 Background: The aim of this study was to analyze bleaching treatment performed with different products, with or without the use of Violet LED. Methods: The color and dental sensitivity of six patients were evaluated as follows: (1)at-home bleaching with 10% Carbamide Peroxide (CP); (2)in-office bleaching with 17.5% Hydrogen Peroxide (HP), and (3)treatment with a placebo gel. All patients, including patients receiving at-home bleaching, received irradiation with violet LED in the office. The right hemiarch was protect with silicone. The color was evaluated using Vita Easyshade digital spectrophotometer and the Vita scale on teeth 13-23. Visual analog scale sensitivity analysis was performed per hemiarch, while the thermal sensation threshold was performed on teeth 11, 13, 21 and 23. Results: Regarding the color change (ΔE)it can be observed that treatment 1, in which 10%CP was used, presented the highest values, followed by treatment 2, in which 17.5%HP was used. Regarding sensitivity, only patients who received 17.5%HP showed moderate sensitivity, and there was no difference between the arches. The analysis of dental thermal sensation threshold showed that there was more dental sensitization between 7 and 14 days and that the use of violet LED made the teeth more sensitive. Conclusions: It was concluded that violet LED enhanced the bleaching effect when used with 10%PC gels, and a discreet effect was seen when used either in conjunction with 17.5%PH or alone. Violet LED had no effect on pain sensation, but increased the detection threshold of thermal changes in the teeth that were irradiated. Department of Restorative Dentistry Araçatuba Dental School UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista, São Paulo Department of Restorative Dentistry Araçatuba Dental School UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista, São Paulo

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:06:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-08-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Aim: To evaluate the relationship between systemic administration of probiotics and inflammation/resorption processes associated with apical periodontitis (AP) in a rat model. Methodology: Twenty-four male Wistar rats were used. AP was induced in the mandibular left/right first molars. The animals were arranged into three groups: Control, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and L. acidophilus. Probiotics were orally administered via gavage (109 colony-forming units (CFU) diluted in 5 mL of water) for 30 days during the development of AP. On the 30th day, blood was collected to analyse the calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase concentrations in plasma. Then, the animals were euthanized and the jaws removed for micro-computed tomography and immune-histopathological analysis for receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). After the Shapiro–Wilk test of normality, the Kruskal–Wallis followed by Dunn’s test was performed for nonparametric data, and analysis of variance followed by the Tukey test was performed for parametric data (P 0.05). The level of alkaline phosphatase was significantly higher in the groups that consumed probiotics (P