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Stressful life events (SLEs) and suicidal ideation (SI) are prevalent in persons with major depression disorder (MDD). Less is known about the underlying role of insomnia symptoms in the association between SLEs and SI. This three-wave prospective cohort study sought to investigate the longitudinal association among SLEs, insomnia symptoms, and SI in persons with MDD. The study population included 511 persons with MDD (mean [SD] age, 28.7 [6.7] years; 67.1% were females). Generalized estimated equations (GEEs) were utilized to explore prospective association among exposure of SLEs, insomnia symptoms, and SI. Additionally, a structural equation model (SEM) was employed to estimate the longitudinal mediating effect of insomnia symptoms in the relationship between SLEs and SI. Our study demonstrated that cumulative SLEs were determined to be longitudinally associated with SI in persons with MDD. We further observed that the association between SLEs and SI was significantly mediated by insomnia symptoms. Clinicians assessing persons with MDD, especially those with the history of SLE, could carefully evaluate and promptly treat insomnia symptoms as part of personalized assessment of their depressive illness, thereby achieving early prevention and intervention for suicidal behaviors in persons with MDD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sleep disorders are a significant health issue that urgently needs to be addressed among undergraduate students, and one of the potential underlying problems could be problematic smartphone use (PSU). This study aimed to clarify the relationship between PSU and poor sleep quality by investigating the independent and serial mediating roles of anxiety and depressive symptoms in a population of university students in Tibet, China. Methods: A total of 2993 Tibetan college students completed three waves of data surveys, with all participants completing questionnaires on PSU, anxiety, depressive symptoms, and sleep quality (Time 1 (T1) -Time 3 (T3)). Bootstrapped mediation analysis was used to explore the mediating role of anxiety and depressive symptoms in the longitudinal relationship between PSU and sleep quality. Results: Both direct and indirect effects of PSU on poor sleep quality were found. PSU (T1) can had not only a direct negative influence on poor sleep quality (T3) among young adults (direct effect = 0.021, 95% CI = 0.010– 0.033) but also an indirect negative impact via three pathways: the independent mediating effect of anxiety symptoms (T2) (indirect effect 1 = 0.003, 95% CI = 0.001– 0.006), the independent mediating effect of depressive symptoms (T2) (indirect effect 2 = 0.004, 95% CI = 0.002– 0.006), and the serial mediating effects of anxiety (T2) and depressive symptoms (T2) (indirect effect 3 = 0.008, 95% CI=0.005– 0.011). Conclusion: These findings highlight the role of anxiety and depression symptoms as joint mediating factors in the relationship between PSU and sleep disturbances. Interventions focused on improving sleep that incorporate behavioural measures could benefit from treatment approaches targeting mental disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Online family health education may be effective for myopia prevention in children, and the effects may be different between children with myopic and non-myopic parents. Myopia is a common cause of vision loss. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of online family health education on preventing the development of myopia in children, and to estimate whether the effects vary according to parental myopia. A cluster randomised trial including grade 1 and grade 2 children from 12 primary schools was conducted in Guangzhou, China. Weekly online family health education messages were sent to parents in the intervention group. Data collection included eye examinations of children and questionnaires completed by parents. Among the 3123 children included at baseline (1703 boys [54.5%]; mean [SD] age, 6.83 [0.73] years), 2376 completed the follow-up after 3 years. The differences in the incidence of myopia and myopic shift between the study groups were not significant in total. However, the 3-year cumulative incidence rate of myopia in the intervention group (125 of 445 [28.1%]) was significantly lower than that in the control group (225 of 603 [37.3%]; difference, 9.2% [95% CI, −14.9% to −3.5%]; P = 0.001) among children with non-myopic parents. In parallel, among children with non-myopic parents, the mean myopic change in SER was less for the intervention group than for the control group (−1.10 D vs. −1.24 D; difference, 0.13 D [95% CI, 0.03 to 0.23 D]; P = 0.01). Compared with children with myopic parents, online family health education was more effective in children with non-myopic parents. The incidence of myopia and myopic shift in refraction have been reduced in children with non-myopic parents. Further studies are needed to assess these differences by parental myopia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study examined sex and sexual orientation differences in the context of the effects of coping strategies on relationship satisfaction. Background: The sex and sexual orientation differences on the association between coping strategies and relationship satisfaction are not yet fully understood. Method: The participants were 3,805 Belgian individuals who self‐identified as heterosexual (n = 2,024), bisexual (n = 790), or gay/lesbian (n = 991). Results: Results showed that (a) task‐oriented and emotion‐oriented coping was positively and negatively associated with relationship satisfaction, respectively; (b) social diversion–oriented coping was positively associated with relationship satisfaction only among those who identified as heterosexual, gay, or lesbian; and (c) distraction‐oriented coping was positively associated with relationship satisfaction only among those identifying as bisexual. Multiple group tests based on sex within each sexual orientation category confirm that (a) a stronger association was observed between task‐oriented coping and relationship satisfaction for bisexual men compared to bisexual women; (b) the negative association between emotion‐oriented coping and relationship satisfaction is only significant for heterosexual women, and not for bisexual women; and (c) the negative association between distraction‐oriented coping and relationship satisfaction is significant for bisexual women, but not for heterosexual women. Conclusion: This study enhances our comprehension of the variations in the utilization of coping strategies and their effect on relationship satisfaction among individuals based on their sex and sexual orientation. Implications: These findings might lead to improved interventions related to coping strategies for reducing the effect of stress in romantic relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problematic Internet use (PIU) has a negative impact on self-esteem among adolescents, thereby making them be vulnerable to developing depressive symptoms. However, there is a lack of longitudinal studies focusing on the process. This study aimed to explore the longitudinal associations between PIU, self-esteem, and depressive symptoms. A total of 1,736 adolescents completed this longitudinal study. The baseline survey was conducted in 2019, and the follow-up surveys were performed at 1-year and 2-year later. PIU, self-esteem, and depressive symptoms were measured. A cascade model was used to examine the longitudinal associations between PIU, self-esteem, and depressive symptoms. The mean age of participants was 13.6 (1.5) years at baseline. The final results observed significant within-time associations between PIU, self-esteem, and depressive symptoms at each time point. PIU and low level of self-esteem could predict subsequent depressive symptoms among adolescents, and depressive symptoms were also associated with subsequent PIU and self-esteem. Both PIU and self-esteem show bidirectional predictions with depressive symptoms among Chinese adolescents. Schools and parents should give more attention to adolescents prone to developing depressive symptoms and more social support to reduce their negative emotions. Health-related professionals should incorporate practical knowledge and skills into the education of adolescents to help them better control Internet use, attenuating the risk of future depressive symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]