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51. Towards assessing managerial competencies and leadership styles required for successful game ranch management in the Eastern Cape, South Africa24

Author

Louw, L, Louw, MJ, and Lategan, FS

Abstract

Given the importance of the agricultural sector in the South African economy and the emerging importance of game farming, long term sustainability is critical. One way of achieving long term sustainability of game ranches in South Africa is to ensure the effective and efficient management of these ranches. Effective and efficient management is largely determined by managerial competencies and leadership styles. The problem statement addressed in this research can be stated as follows: ¡§Which management competencies and leadership styles are required to assist game ranch managers/owners in the effective and efficient management of their game ranches in the Eastern Cape, South Africa?¡¨The purpose of this study is to development a framework to assess the management competencies and leadership styles needed by game ranch managers/owners in order to enhance the game ranch¡¦s prospects of survival, continuity and success. To achieve this, the objectives are to identify whether there is a significant relationship between the:•current and ideal (future required) managerial competencies;• current managerial competencies, transactional and transformational leadership styles; and• managerial competencies and selected biographical variables.Data was collected using a five-point Likert scale questionnaire. The data was analyzed using Statistica V.8. Sample T-testing, Cross Tabulations (Chi Square) and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) tests were used to assess the research objectives. The reliability and validity the research instrument were also tested by using Cronbach Reliability Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analyses. It was found that there was a significant difference between current and ideal managerial competencies and that teamwork, planning and administration as well as strategic action needed to be improved. Findings suggest that a strategic relationship exist between gender, current teamwork and self management competencies. Another strategic relationship was found between the number of employees and current strategic action.

Published
2015

52. ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF SPACE AND MODULE-CONFIGURED PACKAGING TO IMPROVE FRUIT EXPORT MASS IN A REFRIGERATED CONTAINER.

Author

Louw, L. and Nel, S.

Subjects
*REFRIGERATED containers, *FRUIT packaging, *STONE fruit, *FRUIT industry, *PACKING problem (Mathematics), *REFRIGERATED foods
Abstract

The South African fruit export industry is a key contributor to the country's economy, and must be managed efficiently to that ensure its vital role is maintained. Significant increases in reefer freight rates have placed substantial pressure on the fruit export industry to find new and innovative ways of improving the space / volume use of fruit in these reefer containers. Improvements must adhere to key constraints to ensure that fruit quality and shelf life are not compromised. This paper analyses the current potential for increasing the mass of stone and pome fruit that is exported in reefer containers. The study indicates that pome fruit has the greatest opportunity for improvement, whereas stone fruit has less room for improving the use of space / volume. Proposed improvement methods are: optimal packing arrangements of fruit; improved packaging and pallet dimensions (special pallet sizes); improved stacking arrangements of cartons on pallets and pallets in reefers; and lastly, the use of slip sheets instead of pallets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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53. Towards assessing managerial competencies and leadership styles required for successful game ranch management in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

Author

Louw, L., Louw, M. J, and Lategan, F. S.

Abstract

Given the importance of the agricultural sector in the South African economy and the emerging importance of game farming, long term sustainability is critical. One way of achieving long term sustainability of game ranches in South Africa is to ensure the effective and efficient management of these ranches. Effective and efficient management is largely determined by managerial competencies and leadership styles. The problem statement addressed in this research can be stated as follows:"Which management competencies and leadership styles are required to assist game ranch managers/owners in the effective and efficient management of their game ranches in the Eastern Cape, South Africa?" The purpose of this study is to development a framework to assess the management competencies and leadership styles needed by game ranch managers/owners in order to enhance the game ranch 's prospects of survival, continuity and success. To achieve this, the objectives are to identify whether there is a significant relationship between the: current and ideal (future required) managerial competencies; current managerial competencies, transactional and transformational leadership styles; and managerial competencies and selected biographical variables. Data was collected using a five-point Likert scale questionnaire. The data was analyzed using Statistica V.8. Sample T-testing, Cross Tabulations (Chi Square) and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) tests were used to assess the research objectives. The reliability and validity the research instrument were also tested by using Cronbach Reliability Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analyses. It was found that there was a significant difference between current and ideal managerial competencies and that teamwork, planning and administration as well as strategic action needed to be improved. Findings suggest that a strategic relationship exist between gender, current teamwork and self management competencies. Another strategic relationship was found between the number of employees and current strategic action.

Published
2014

54. The transition from grade 9 Economic and Management Sciences (GET-phase) to grade 10 Accounting (FET-phase): an evaluative study

Author

Coetzee, Eric Marius, Louw, L. P., Coetzee, Eric Marius, and Louw, L. P.

Abstract

English: As an Accounting and EMS teacher myself I found learners transitioning from grade 9 EMS to grade 10 Accounting experience challenges adjusting to the demands of Accounting as a stand alone subject coming from EMS, an integrated subject. My observation regarding these challenges have been confirmed by means of conversations with colleagues teaching the same subjects. This led me to the main research question: What are the challenges of, and possible solutions facing teachers and learners regarding the transition from grade 9 EMS (GET-phase) to grade 10 Accounting (FET-phase), and how it might be improved/enhanced in the future? The study was conducted in the form of two academic articles. The first article focused on teachers and how they experienced the transition in their classes and in the second article the emphases fell on the learners and their experience transitioning from grade 9 EMS to grade 10 Accounting. Five grade 10 Accounting teachers took part in the study of article one and 110 grade 10 Accounting learners participated in the research conducted for article two. Four schools in the Motheo district (the school district where I am currently a teacher and have a particular interest in) were identified, which constituted the sample of the study. During article one recorded face-to-face interviews were used to collect the data from grade 10 Accounting teachers. Questionnaires were used to collect data from the grade 10 Accounting learners for the purposes of the second article. The collected data for both articles were analysed and classified under themes and enhanced by means of my conceptual framework which was based on the six elements of curriculum design which needs to be incorporated during the succesful design of a curriculum. Other related literature were also included in both articles. Ethical considerations ensured anonymity, confidentiality and privacy. Data was also verified in various ways to ensure its reliability and validity. For ar, Afrikaans: Uit my eie ondervinding as Rekeningkunde en EBW onderwyser het ek gevind dat leerders wat Rekeningkunde as vak kies die aanpassing vanaf graad 9 EBW, ‘n geïntegreerde vak, na graad 10 Rekeningkunde, ‘n selfstandige vak, dit moeilik vind om aan te pas by die uitdagings wat Rekeningkunde as vak bied. My observasies rakende hierdie uitdagings was verder bevestig deur gesprekke met kollegas wat dieseflde vakke as ek aanbied. Dit het aanleiding gegee tot my hoof navorsingsvraag naamlik: Wat is die uitdagings van, en moontlike oplossings, wat leerders sowel as onderwysers in die gesig staar tydens die oorgang vanaf graad 9 EBW (AOO-fase) na graad 10 Rekeningkunde (VOO-fase) en hoe kan hierdie uitdagings verbeter en verminder word in die toekoms? Navorsing is uitgevoer in die vorm van twee akademiese artikels. Die fokus tydens die eerste artikel was op die onderwyser en hoe hulle die oorgang in hul klasse ervaar terwyl die klem van die tweede artikel geval het op die leerders en hulle ervarings tydens die oorgang van graad 9 EBW na graad 10 Rekeningkunde. Vyf Rekeningkunde onderwysers het deelgeneem aan die studie vir artikel een en 110 graad 10 Rekeningkunde leerders het deelgeneem aan die navorsing van artikel twee. Vier skole van die Motheo distrik (die skooldistrik waarin ek as onderwyser skoolgee en dus ‘n besonderse belangstelling in toon) was geïdentifiseer wat dan as die steekproef vir die studie gedien het. Data vir artikel een was ingesamel by wyse van een-tot-een onderhoude wat met die graad 10 Rekeningkunde onderwysers gevoer is terwyl vraelyste gebruik was vir die insameling van data vanaf die graad 10 Rekeningkunde leerders vir die doeleindes van artikel twee. Die ingesamelde data vir beide artikels was geanaliseer en geklassifiseer onder sekere temas en versterk met behulp van die konseptuele raamwerk wat gebaseer is op die ses elemente van kurrikulum ontwerp wat geïmplimenteer behoort te word tydens die suksesvolle ontwerp van ‘n kurrikulum. Ande

Published
2016

57. TOWARDS A FLEXIBLE INNOVATION PROCESS MODEL ASSURING QUALITY AND CUSTOMER NEEDS.

Author

Louw, L., Schutte, C. S. L., Seidel, C., and Imser, C.

Subjects
*INNOVATION management, *ORGANIZATIONAL change, *INDUSTRIAL engineering, *ECONOMIC development, *NEW product development
Abstract

Successful innovation projects require an adequate innovation management capability in organisations. This means a sufficiently rigorous, continuous, and goal-oriented management of innovation processes. The literature research demonstrates that an integrated innovation methodology requires highly qualitative processes that are both flexible and customer-specific in their design. This work focuses on the FuGle® innovation process model, which is applied at the Industrial Engineering Department of Stellenbosch University. The enhanced FuGle® innovation process model presents flexible processes that are supported by methods and techniques that guide the user to drive innovation projects. This paper presents an innovation approach that enables organisations proactively to manage customer needs and trends. Thus the enhanced FuGle® innovation process model aims to turn an innovation project into a marketable product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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61. A critical review of translation education in China and South Africa : a proposed model

Author

Liu, Yuan, Louw, L., Central University of Technology, Free State. Faculty of Engineering, Information and Communication Technology. Department of Communication Sciences, Esterhuizen, H.L., Liu, Yuan, Louw, L., Central University of Technology, Free State. Faculty of Engineering, Information and Communication Technology. Department of Communication Sciences, and Esterhuizen, H.L.

Abstract

Thesis (M. Tech.) -- Central University of Technology, Free State, 2007

Published
2014

62. A transdisciplinary mechanical skills curriculum for further education and training colleges in South Africa

Author

Klinck, Albel Jacobus, Combrinck, G. P., Louw, L. P., Klinck, Albel Jacobus, Combrinck, G. P., and Louw, L. P.

Abstract

English: South Africa has a low school completion rate of 40% (2002 - 2009), resulting from low-quality education as prime concern (Van der Berg et al, 2011: 1, 13). Consequently, this situation signifies a majority of learners being unsuccessful in mainstream education leaving them very little opportunities in "further" education. They (unsuccessful school leavers) have poor further education and employment prospects. Some of the unsuccessful school leavers resort to FET colleges for further education, but the programmes are not designed to address their specific educational needs. FET (mainstream) schools also refer poorly performing learners to FET colleges, oblivious of the high standard of vocational education programmes and associated entry requirements. Despite the fact that mathematics and physical science are compulsory for engineering studies (NC(V) and NATED), schools refer learners performing poorly in these subjects to engineering studies to "learn to work with their hands." However, these programmes are not specifically designed for skills training per se. The educational options unsuccessful school leavers have, do not make provision for their educational situation. They cannot learn effectively and this results in poor performance in mainstream school education and vocational education at FET colleges. Their ability to learn is further hampered by poor language, mathematics and science proficiencies fundamental to learning. South Africa does not have an educational component like the second chance schools in Great Britain and Europe to accommodate these learners. The European Commission initiated second chance schools for out-of-school unemployed (NEET) young people in 1995 and ran 12 pilot projects in 11 countries in Europe and England, from 1997 to 1999 (Chistolini, 2008:219). Greece, inter alia, established 48 second-chance schools across the country and reduced school dropout from 22,4% in 1995 to 15,9% in 2006. The situation of unsuccessful scho, Afrikaans:Suid-Afrika het Onbaie lae skoolvoltooiingsyfer van 40% hoofsaaklik as gevolg van swak kwaliteit onderwys (Van der Berg, Burger, Burger, De Vos, Du Rand, Gustafsson, Moses, Shepherd, Taylor, Van Broekhuizen and Von Fintel, 2011:1,13). Uiteraard dui die situasie op Onmeerderheid leerders wat onsuksesvol is in hoofstroom onderwys met min geleenthede om verder onderwys te ontvang. Hulle vooruitsigte op verdere onderwys en werksgeleenthede is dus skraal. Sommige onsuksesvolle skoolverlaters wend hulle tot VOO kolleges vir verdere onderwys, maar die programme is nie ontwerp om hulle leerhindemisse te ondervang en aan hulle spesifieke onderwysbehoeftes te voldoen nie. VOO (hoofstroom) skole verwys swak presteerders na VOO kolleges onbewus van die hoë standaard van beroepsonderwys en gepaardgaande toelatingsvereistes. Ten spyte daarvan dat wiskunde en fisiese wetenskap verpligtend is vir ingenieursonderwys (NC(V) en NASOP), verwys skole leerders wat in hierdie vakke swak presteer, na ingenieurstudies "orn te leer om met hulle hande te werk." Hierdie programme is egter nie spesifiek ontwerp vir vaardigheidsontwikkeling as sodanig nie. Die onderwys opsies wat tot die beskikkingvan onsuksesvolle skoolverlaters is, maak nie voorsiening vir hulle besondere onderwyssituasie nie. Hulle kan nie effektief leer nie, gevolglik presteer hulle swak in hoofstroom skoolonderwys en VOO kollege beroepsonderwys. Hulle vermoë om te leer word verder benadeel deur Ongebrek aan wiskunde-, wetenskap- en taalvaardighede, grondliggend aan leervermoë. Suid-Afrika het nie Ononderwyskomponent, soortgelyk aan die "tweede-geleentheid skole" in Groot Brittanje en Europa, om hierdie leerders te akkommodeer nie. Die Europese Kommissie (European Commission) het in 1995 tweede-geleentheid skole geïnisieer en 12 loodsprojekte in II Europese lande van 1997 tot 1999 van stapel gestuur (Chistolini, 2008:219). Griekeland, onder andere, het 48 tweede-geleentheid skole reg oor die land gestig en terselfd

Published
2012

63. Drama strategies for outcomes-based learning in the poetry classroom

Author

Stone, Wendy, Luwes, N. J., Louw, L. P., Stone, Wendy, Luwes, N. J., and Louw, L. P.

Abstract

English: The implementation of outcomes-based education (OBE) in South Africa left a number of teachers feeling disadvantaged in terms of the knowledge and skills needed to pursue the ideals of the educational system. English teachers from Bloemfontein revealed the need for expanded opportunities to support the existing teaching approaches, particularly in the poetry classroom. It was claimed that pressure to 'cover' the curriculum together with time constraints and excessive workloads has led to a lack of teacher creativity. As a result, cases of learner boredom, indifference and an aversion to the subject were observed. This issue was addressed by investigating the connection between OBE and drama-in-education (DIE) and it was found that the two approaches have a number of features in common. Two Grade 10 English Home Language and two Grade 10 English First Additional Language teachers were recruited, by means of semi-random sampling, from two different schools in Bloemfontein. One teacher from each school was placed into the Control Group and the other into the Experimental Group. Teachers were subjected to a seven-month empirical study consisting of three phases, namely pre-intervention (Phase I), intervention (Phase 2) and post-intervention (Phase 3). During Phase I, the researcher conducted a situation analysis to identify the existing teaching methods in use in four Grade 10 English poetry classrooms, as well as the attitudes/perceptions of the teachers and learners to these and drama methods. The data (gathered through interviews, questionnaires and classroom observations) showed the use of traditional and OBE methods. While some of the teachers demonstrated a positive attitude to the existing teaching methods in use, others revealed that they either had a neutral attitude to these methods (due to a lack of knowledge with regard to alternative methods) or that they felt ambiguous about using them. Learner responses indicated that they were indifferent to the, Afrikaans: Die implementering van uitkoms-gebaseerde onderwys (UGO) in Suid-Afrika het 'n aantal onderwysers laat voel dat hulle benadeel word in terme van die kennis en vaardighede wat hulle nodig het om die ideale van die opvoedkundestelsel na te streef. Engelse taalonderwysers in Bloemfontein het die behoefte getoon vir uitgebreide geleenthede om die huidige benaderings tot onderwys uit te brei, veral in die poësieklaskamer. Daar is gesê dat druk om die kurrikulum 'te dek', tesame met tydsbeperkings en oormatige werkslading, gelei het tot 'n tekort aan kreatiwiteit onder onderwysers. Gevolglik is gevalle waargeneem waar leerders verveeldheid, onbelangstellendheid en 'n aversie aan die vak toon. Hierdie kwessie is aangespreek deur die verband tussen UGO en drama-in-onderwys (OIO) te ondersoek en daar is gevind dat die twee benaderings 'n aantal kenmerke in gemeen het. Twee Graad IOonderwysers in Engels Huistaal en twee Graad IOonderwysers in Engels Eerste Addisionele Taal was deur middel van semi-lukrake steekproefneming uit twee Bloemfontein skole gewerf. Een onderwyser van elke skool was in die Kontrolegroep geplaas en die ander in the Eksperimentele Groep. Onderwysers het deelgeneem aan 'n sewe-maande empiriese studie wat uit drie fases bestaan het, naamlik pre-intervensie (Fase I), intervensie (Fase 2) en post-intervensie (Fase 3). Gedurende Fase I het die navorser 'n situasie-analise uitgevoer om die huidige onderwysmetodes wat in vier Graad 10 Engelse poësieklaskamers gebruik is te identifiseer, asook die houdings/persepsies van onderwysers en leerders teenoor hierdie metodes en dramametodes. Die data (wat deur onderhoude, vraelyste en klaskamerwaarneming ingesamel is) toon die gebruik van tradisionele en UGO metodes. Terwyl sommige onderwysers 'n positiewe houding teenoor die bestaande onderwysmetodes getoon het, het ander onderwysers 'n neutrale houding getoon (a.g.v. 'n tekort aan kennis van alternatiewe metodes) of hulle het onseker gevoeloor die metodes

Published
2011

65. A critical review of translation education in China and South Africa : a proposed model

Author

Esterhuizen, H.L., Louw, L., Central University of Technology, Free State. Faculty of Engineering, Information and Communication Technology. Department of Communication Sciences, Esterhuizen, H.L., Louw, L., and Central University of Technology, Free State. Faculty of Engineering, Information and Communication Technology. Department of Communication Sciences

Published
2007

66. Clinically relevant ex vivo fatty acid profiles from a lipid model for colorectal adenocarcinoma

Author

Nel, Amanda, Louw, L., Badenhorst, P. N., Nel, Amanda, Louw, L., and Badenhorst, P. N.

Abstract

The challenge we face today is identification of the mechanisms through which dietary factors perturb fundamental fatty acid (FA) pathways in cancer cells. In principle, insight into a lipid model for the cancer entity under assessment is required. This prompted and investigation into FA role-players that drive cellular over-production and apoptotic pathways under circumstances where environmental factors impede essential fatty acid metabolism (EFAM) that contributes to colorectal cancer (CRC). Ultimately, better understanding of FA metabolic pathways followed under colorectal pathological conditions can contribute to improved therapies by which growth and recurrence of this disease may be obviated. PURPOSE OF STUDY: The primary goal of this study was to construct clinically relevant ex vivo FA profiles from a lipid model for colorectal adenocarcinoma, not previously reported in the literature. Aims were to identify prominent FA role-players and to debate their involvement in different signaling pathways. The final purpose of this study was to present a rationale for adjuvant FA therapies to improve the management of CRC. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study group consisted of CRC biopsies (TNM staging, mostly T2/T3) and normal colorectal mucosal biopsies, (n8 of each group). Biopsy selection was hampered by difficult circumstances, since most patients received treatment prior to surgery. All the lipid analyses were personally conducted at the Biolipid Division of the Department Biochemistry at the University of the Free State (UFS) as follows: lipids were extracted; total lipids (TLs) were fractionated into neutral lipids (NLs) and phospholipids (PLs); phosholipid subclasses, i.e. phosphatidylcholine, (PC), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylinositol (PI), were separated; and fatty acid methyl esters of all the classes and subclasses were analyzed. Lipid analyses were done according to well established and internationally accepted gas, Medical Research Council

Published
2007

67. Impairment in the fatty acid composition of keloids

Author

Louw L, Anna-Mart Engelbrecht, Cloete F, Jp, Westhuizen, and Dumas L

Subjects
Linoleic Acid, South Africa, Dietary Fats, Unsaturated, Reference Values, Keloid, Fatty Acids, Confidence Intervals, Black People, Humans, Skin
Published
1997

70. The impact of curriculum transformation on classroom practice in Northern Cape schools

Author

Ismail, Michelle Ingrid, Louw, L. P., Ismail, Michelle Ingrid, and Louw, L. P.

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to establish the impact of curriculum transformation on classroom practice in Northern Cape schools, given the fact that the curriculum is deemed to be the vehicle which will ensure that all South Africans, have the necessary knowledge, values, skills and attitudes, which will facilitate social and personal development and economic growth, as well as strengthen the country’s democracy. A historical overview of the rationale for curriculum transformation is provided, highlighting the features of the education system prior to the first democratic elections. In addition, the various curriculum policy options pre-1994 is outlined, in an attempt to gain an understanding of the origins of the outcomes-based curriculum. It emerges that most of the proposals put on the table, favoured an integration of education and training, as well as the promotion of high levels of skills, needed for economic growth in the country. Curriculum 2005, which endorsed the ideas of an integrated approach to education and training, and which emphasised life-long learning, was unveiled in May 1997, for implementation in 1998. Given the inequities of the past, it could be expected that teachers would find difficulty in implementing the new curriculum. Developments after implementation is traced, and the study provides a comparison of the design features of the original version of C2005 and the Revised National Curriculum Statement, which is being phased in incrementally. The study also provides an account of the current learning and teaching situation in schools in the country, by illustrating the findings of various research studies. These studies reveal that classroom practice is still characteristic of activities which do not promote higher order thinking skills, such as investigation, understanding relationships and curiosity, lack of lesson structure and lesson material prepared in graded sequence, and physical conditions in schools leaves much to be desired. Giv

Published
2004

74. The high failure rate among learners in grade twelve in the Northern Province: an education perspective

Author

Ramokgopa, Molesane Lynette, Louw, L. P., Ramokgopa, Molesane Lynette, and Louw, L. P.

Abstract

English: Bantu Education set up a separate system of education for black children, which disadvantaged them in the provision of resources. While this led to the 1976 resistance to Bantu Education, it also led to the decline in the culture of teaching and learning in schools. After 1994 the new government began the process of creating one single education department from 17 separate ones and of redressing the inequalities that had existed for so long. This research examines the nature and causes of high failure rates in Grade 12 in the Northern Province. It also discloses the lack of resources prevailing in the schools and the effects of these poor resources. Loss of school days due to boycotts, strikes, late registration, meetings held during school hours and absenteeism is also disclosed by this research. Parental disinterest in the education of their children coupled with failure to integrate the school in the local community, poverty, illiteracy, absence of parents from home and unemployment, were disclosed by this research to be among the contributory factors towards high failure rates. An attempt was further made by this research to disclose the staff-related problems such as poor salaries, lack of evaluation, lack of promotional opportunities, male dominated appointments into promotion posts and lack of training opportunities as further contributory factors. Although not all solutions can be provided by this research, it ends with the presentation of the recommendations towards addressing the problem of high failure rates in Grade 12 in the Northern Province by means of a holistic approach., Afrikaans: Bantoe Onderwys het In afsonderlike sisteem vir swart kinders opgestel, wat hulle benadeel het t.o.v. die verskaffing van hulpmiddels. Terwyl dit gelei het tot die 1976 verset teen Bantoe Onderwys, het dit ook gelei tot In agteruitgang in die kultuur van onderwys en studie in skole. Na 1994 het die nuwe regering 'n proses begin om een enkele Onderwys Departement daar te stel, in die plek van 17 verskillendes, en ook die ongelykhede wat so lank bestaan het aan te spreek. Hierdie navorsing ondersoek die aard en oorsaak van die hoë druipsyfer in Graad 12 in die Noordelike Provinsie. Dit lê ook die gebrek van hulpmiddele wat in skole heers bloot, asook die uitwerking van die swak hulpmiddele. Verlore skool dae as gevolg van staking, boikotte, laat registrasie, vergaderings gedurende skoolure en afwesigheid, word ook onthul deur die navorsing. Ouers se onbetrokkenheid in die opleiding van hulle kinders gekoppel aan die gebrek om die skool en plaaslike gemeenskap te laat inskakel, armoede, ongeletterdheid, afwesigheid van ouers tuis, en werkloosheid, word in die navorsing bloot gelê as deel van die faktore wat bydra tot die hoë druipsyfer. 'n Poging was verder gemaak deur die navorsing, om die personeel-verwante probleme, soos swak salarisse, afwesigheid van evaluasie, beperkte bevorderings geleenthede, manlike oorheersing in die aanstelling van bevorderings poste, en beperkte opleidings geleenthede as verdere bydraende faktore uit te wys. Alhoewel nie alle oplossings deur die navorsing verskaf kan word nie, eindig dit met 'n aanbieding van aanbevelings om die probleem van die hoë druipsyfer in Graad 12 in die Noordelike Provinsie op 'n holistiese wyse te benader.

Published
2000

79. HPV-induced recurrent laryngeal papillomatosis: dietary fatty acid and micronutrient intakes.

Author

Louw L and Walsh C

Abstract

Human papilloma virus (HPV)-induced recurrent laryngeal papillomatosis (RLP) is a chronic debilitating disease often encountered among children of poor socio-economic South African groups. There are a few studies and limited evidence as to what extent nutrition may contribute to this disease. To our knowledge this is the first study that gives an account of dietary FA and micronutrient intakes in RLP patients, according to food frequency questionnaires. The dietary FA profile revealed an excessive linoleic acid (LA) intake syndrome and is also marked by high palmitic acid (PA), oleic acid (OA) and SFA intakes. Research revealed that enhanced LA and PA drive, respectively, mitogenic stimuli and apoptotic resistance during tumorigenesis, whist SFAs are associated with lipid rafts, the Th1 immune response and immunosuppression. Low folate intake, a risk for HPV-infection, and low Zn intake, detrimental for lipid metabolism and immunocompetence, occurred in, respectively, 70% and 20% RLP patients. The poor correlations that were found in RLP patients between essential fatty acids (EFAs) and micronutrients, namely, Mg, Zn and Se, involved in lipid metabolism and immune responses, need proper clarification. Overall, it is plausible that the diet (poor nutrition), a shift in lipid metabolism caused by HPV- infection, environmental smoke and oxidative stress, as well as extra-esophageal acid reflux with secondary inflammation in the larynx are co-factors in the etiology of laryngeal papillomatosis, and that immunocompromised patients are subjected to recurrence. It is imperative to ensure that children with RLP receive proper nutrition and follow a healthy lifestyle to prevent disease recurrence after treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008

80. HPV-induced recurrent laryngeal papillomatosis: fatty acid role-players.

Author

Louw L, Seedat R, and Claassen A

Abstract

Human papilloma virus-induced recurrent laryngeal papillomatosis is considered a troublesome and dangerous disease, because it can cause airway obstruction. Better understanding of metabolic pathways followed under pathological conditions can contribute to improved therapies by which growth and recurrence may be obviated. Part I of this study presents a clinically relevant total lipid fatty acid profile for papilloma cells, analyzed by gas liquid chromatography and a phosholipid red blood cell profile for RLP patients, analyzed by thin layer chromatography. In the papilloma cells virus interference with delta-6 and delta 5- desaturase activities is prevalent and the n-9 FA metabolic pathway is followed. It is plausible that up-regulated fatty acid synthase and 9 desaturase activities occur, since enhanced saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acid levels are also prevalent. High saturated fatty acid levels are known for their propensity to interfere with delta-6 and delta-5 desaturase activities and this is reflected in the blood profile of the RLP patients. It is also known that enhanced saturated fatty acid levels can contribute to enhanced cyclooxygenase-2 activity. Furthermore, cumulative oxidative stress with an oxidative burst is responsible for complete exhaustion of exogenous dietary arachidonic acid intake in these patients. The role of linoleic acid needs to be defined. The dietary intakes of lipids and micronutrients in RLP patients and a rationale for adjuvant FA therapy in the management of these patients are discussed in parts II and III of the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008

81. THE EXPERIENCES OF ADOLESCENTS ORPHANED BY HP//AIDS-RELATED CONDITIONS.

Author

Louw, L. and Joubert, J.M.C.

Subjects
TEENAGERS, ORPHANS, HIV, AIDS, CHILDREN, PARENTS, SAFETY
Abstract

Children bear a considerable part of the brunt of the social impact of HIV and AIDS. Children who often watched their parents die alone and in pain are left in a world where AIDS has unravelled the traditional safety nets such as the extended family. In situations of poverty, adult responsibilities within households are often shifted to children. This article provides information on the experiences of adolescents orphaned by HIV/AIDS-related conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2007

82. The Impact of Instructional Conceptions on the Use of Adjunct Aids.

Author

Elen, Jan and Louw, L. Philip

Subjects
TEACHING aids, STUDENTS, TEXTBOOKS, TEACHING, LEARNING
Abstract

Studies on the effects of adjunct aids have generated mixed results. The lack of learners' (adequate) use of adjunct aids has been argued to be one of the major reasons for these mixed results. This study investigates the factors that affect the first step in using aids, i.e. paying attention to them. It is explored whether students' instructional conceptions, more specifically conceived functionality of adjunct aids, affect their use, or whether features of the aids themselves are more influential. After assessing students' instructional conceptions, 255 participants randomly distributed over one control condition or seven experimental conditions studied an instructional text on a computer screen. Conditions differ with respect to the number and nature of adjunct aids. The access of the adjunct aids was monitored. Results show no impact of conceived functionality. The number and type of aids inserted, however, seems to affect the frequency adjunct aids are accessed as well as the proportion of the total study time devoted to the adjunct aids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006

86. HPV-induced recurrent laryngeal papillomatosis: Fatty acid role-players

Author

Louw, L., Riaz Seedat, and Claassen, A.

Subjects
Fatty Acid Desaturases, Male, Papilloma, Fatty Acids, Case-Control Studies, Child, Preschool, Humans, Female, Chromatography, Thin Layer, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Child, Laryngeal Neoplasms, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Phospholipids
Abstract

Human papilloma virus-induced recurrent laryngeal papillomatosis is considered a troublesome and dangerous disease, because it can cause airway obstruction. Better understanding of metabolic pathways followed under pathological conditions can contribute to improved therapies by which growth and recurrence may be obviated. Part I of this study presents a clinically relevant total lipid fatty acid profile for papilloma cells, analyzed by gas liquid chromatography and a phosholipid red blood cell profile for RLP patients, analyzed by thin layer chromatography. In the papilloma cells virus interference with delta-6 and delta 5- desaturase activities is prevalent and the n-9 FA metabolic pathway is followed. It is plausible that up-regulated fatty acid synthase and 9 desaturase activities occur, since enhanced saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acid levels are also prevalent. High saturated fatty acid levels are known for their propensity to interfere with delta-6 and delta-5 desaturase activities and this is reflected in the blood profile of the RLP patients. It is also known that enhanced saturated fatty acid levels can contribute to enhanced cyclooxygenase-2 activity. Furthermore, cumulative oxidative stress with an oxidative burst is responsible for complete exhaustion of exogenous dietary arachidonic acid intake in these patients. The role of linoleic acid needs to be defined. The dietary intakes of lipids and micronutrients in RLP patients and a rationale for adjuvant FA therapy in the management of these patients are discussed in parts II and III of the study.

91. Worldwide Disparities in Recovery of Cardiac Testing 1 Year Into COVID-19

Author

Andrew J. Einstein, Cole Hirschfeld, Michelle C. Williams, Joao V. Vitola, Nathan Better, Todd C. Villines, Rodrigo Cerci, Leslee J. Shaw, Andrew D. Choi, Sharmila Dorbala, Ganesan Karthikeyan, Bin Lu, Valentin Sinitsyn, Alexey A. Ansheles, Takashi Kudo, Chiara Bucciarelli-Ducci, Bjarne Linde Nørgaard, Pál Maurovich-Horvat, Roxana Campisi, Elisa Milan, Lizette Louw, Adel H. Allam, Mona Bhatia, Lorenzo Sewanan, Eli Malkovskiy, Yosef Cohen, Michael Randazzo, Jagat Narula, Olga Morozova, Thomas N.B. Pascual, Yaroslav Pynda, Maurizio Dondi, Diana Paez, Gerd Hinterleitner, Yao Lu, Zhuoran Xu, Cole B. Hirschfeld, Ikenna Erinne, Mrinali Shetty, Andrew Choi, Juan Lopez-Mattei, Purvi Parwani, Artan Goda, Ervina Shirka, Salah Bouyoucef, Lydia Chelghoum, Farouk Mansouri, Abdelkader Medjahedi, Qais Naili, Mokhtar Ridouh, Diego Alasia, Lucia Alberghina, Natalia Aramayo, Diego Buchara, Franco Gabriel Busso, Jose Javier Bustos Rivadero, Jorge Camilletti, Hugo Campanelli, Ricardo Belisario Castro, Mariana Daicz, Horacio del Riego, Laura Dragonetti, Diego Echazarreta, Juan Erriest, Fernando Faccio, Adolfo Facello, Hugo Gallegos, Ricardo Geronazzo, Horacio Glait, Victor Hasbani, Victor Jäger, Julio Manuel Lewkowicz, Jose Lotti, Neiva Maciel, Osvaldo Masoli, Edgardo Mastrovito, Maria Medus, Maria Fernanda Merani, Susana Molteni, Marcos Montecinos, Gustavo Parisi, Claudio Pereyra Sueldo, Diego Perez de Arenaza, Luis Quintana, Alejandro Radzinschi, Marcela Redruello, Marina Rodríguez, Horacio Rojas, Arturo Romero Acuña, Daniel Schere, Sonia Traverso, Gustavo Vazquez, Susana Zeffiro, Mari Sakanyan, Scott Beuzeville, Raef Boktor, Michael Crowley, D'Arne Downie, Girish Dwivedi, Barry Elison, Omar Farouque, Kim Jasper, Subodh Joshi, Joseph Lee, Kenneth Lee, Elaine Lui, Peter Mcconachie, Joanne Meaker, Dee Nandurkar, Johanne Neill, Edward O'Rourke, Patricia O'Sullivan, George Pandos, Manuja Premaratne, David Prior, Natalie Rutherford, Connor Saunders, Kim Taubman, Andrew Tauro, Andrew Taylor, James Theuerle, Paul Thomas, Jonathan Tow, Anthony Upton, Shankar Vamadevan, Victor Wayne, Eva Alina Wegner, David Wong, John Younger, Dietrich Beitzke, Gudrun Feuchtner, Oliver Sommer, Konrad Weiss, Natallia Maroz-Vadalazhskaya, Uladzimir Tserakhau, Filip Homans, Caroline M. Van De Heyning, Raúl Araujo, Valentina Soldat-Stankovic, Sinisa Stankovic, Augusto Almeida, Carlos Anselmi, Guilherme S.A. Azevedo, Marcio Sommer Bittencourt, Diego Bromfman Pianta, Estevan Cabeda, Lara Carreira, Igor Coelho, Fernando de Amorim Fernandes, Andrea de Lorenzo, Roberta Delgado, Fernanda Erthal, Fabio Fernandes, Juliano Fernandes, Thiago Ferreira de Souza, Murilo Foppa, Wilson Furlan Matos Alves, Cibele Gontijo, Ilan Gottlieb, Gabriel Grossman, Maria Helena Albernaz Siqueira, Cesar Higa Nomura, Katia Hiromoto Koga, Ronaldo Lima, Rafael Lopes, Hugo Humberto Marçal Filho, Paulo Masiero, Luiz Mastrocola, Maria Eduarda Menezes de Siqueira, Claudio Mesquita, Danilo Naves, Filipe Penna, Ibraim Pinto, Thércio Rocha, Juliana Leal Rocha, Alfredo Rodrigues, Leila Salioni, Adelina Sanches, Marcelo Santos, Leonardo Sara Da Silva, Paulo Schvartzman, Cristina Sebastião Matushita, Tiago Senra, Marcelo Silva, Carlos Eduardo Soares, Bernardo Spiro, Carlos Eduardo Suaide Silva, Rafael Torres, Guilherme Urpia Monte, Andrea Vilela, Alexandre Volney Villa, Joao Vitola, Themissa Voss, Roberto Waltrick, Marcello Zapparoli, Hamid Naseer, Marina Garcheva-Tsacheva, Tiémégna Florence Ouattara, Sarameth Thou, Soley Varoeun, Gad Abikhzer, Rob Beanlands, Michael Chetrit, Dominique Dabreo, Carole Dennie, Matthias Friedrich, Mohmmed Nassoh Hafez, Kate Hanneman, Robert Miller, Anastasia Oikonomou, Idan Roifman, Gary Small, Vikas Tandon, Adwait Trivedi, James White, Katherine Zukotynski, Rita Alay, Carmen Concha, Teresa Massardo, Pedro Abad, Kelly Anzola, Harold Arturo, Luis Benitez, Alberto Cadena, Carlos Caicedo Zamudio, Antonio Calderón, Claudia T. Gutierrez Villamil, Claudia Jaimes, Juan L. Londono, Nelson Lopez, Sonia Merlano-Gaitan, Ramon Murgieitio-Cabrera, Manuel Valencia, Damiana Vergel, Alejandro Zuluaga Santamaria, Felix Solis, Tonci Batinic, Maja Franceschi, Maja Hrabak Paar, Marina Prpic, Cuba: Juan Felipe Batista, Lazaro Omar Cabrera, Amalia Peix, Yamilé Peña, Luis Manuel Rochela Vázquez, Ioannis Ntalas, Milan Kaminek, Vladimir Kincl, Otto Lang, Jawdat Abdulla, Morten Bøttcher, Martin Busk, Uka Geisler, Lars C. Gormsen, Nicolaj Hansson, Søren Hess, Jens Hove, Lars Thorbjoern Jensen, Magnus T. Jensen, Kristian Hay Kragholm, Bjarne L. Nørgaard, Kristian Øvrehus, Jan Rasmussen, Niels Peter Rønnow Sand, Hanne Sondergaard, Tomas Zaremba, Herwin Speckter, Nelson Amores, Mayra Sanchez Velez, Taghreed Abd Alrahman, Sherif Abd Elsamad, Alia Abdelfattah, Adel Allam, Sameh Elkaffas, Mona Hassan, Elshaymaa Hussein, Ahmed Ibrahim, Ahmed Kandeel, Mohamed Mandour Ali, Mahmoud Shaaban, Camila Flores, Verónica Vanesa Gómez Leiva, Anita Liiver, Martti Larikka, Valtteri Uusitalo, Denis Agostini, Clothilde Berger, Matthieu Dietz, Fabien Hyafil, Mickaël Ohana, Kevin Prigent, Hamza Regaieg, Laure Sarda-Mantel, Darach O. H-Ici, Harold Ayetey, George Angelidis, Christina Fragkaki, Chrysoula Fragkiadaki, Panagiotis Georgoulias, Maria Koutelou, Elena Kyrozi, Niki Lama, Vassilis Prassopoulos, Michael Spartalis, Theodora Zaglavara, Carla Gonzalez, Goleat Gutierrez, Alejandro Maldonado, Yassine Martinez, Attila Kovács, Bálint Szilveszter, Nilesh Banthia, Vivek Bhat, Partha Choudhury, Vijay Sai Chowdekar, Johann Christopher, Tushar Garg, Naresh Kumar Goyal, Ripen Kumar Gupta, Abhishek Gupta, Julie Hephzibah, Shashank Jain, Jesu Krupa, Parveen Kumar, Sukriti Kumar, Arati Lalchandani, Animesh Mishra, Vivaswan Dutt Mishra, Parul Mohan, Ahmad Ozair, Shivani Pandey, Ramanathapuram Parameswaran, Chetan Patel, Tapan Patel, Shivani Patel, Leena Robinson Vimala, Dr Pradosh Kumar Sarangi, Shantanu Sengupta, Arvind Sethi, Amit Sharma, Awadhesh Kumar Sharma, Punit Sharma, Apurva Shrigiriwar, Santosh Singh, Harpreet Singh, Ashwani Sood, Atul Verma, Ajay Vyas, Erwin Affandi Soeriadi, Edison Bun, Febby Hutomo, Hilman Syawaluddin, Ryan Yudistiro, Amjed Albadr, Majid Assadi, Farshad Emami, Alireza Emami-Ardekani, Saeed Farzanehfar, Ramezan Jafari, Reyhaneh Manafi-Farid, Maryam Tajik, Yoav Arnson, Shmuel Fuchs, Ronen Goldkorn, John Kennedy, Marina Leitman, Aryeh Shalev, Wanda Acampa, Domenico Albano, Pierpaolo Alongi, Gaspare Arnone, Roberta Assante, Anna Baritussio, Matteo Bauckneht, Francesco Bianco, Rachele Bonfiglioli, Francesco Bovenzi, Isabella Bruno, Andrea Bruno, Elena Busnardo, Elena Califaretti, Roberta Casoni, Vittorio Censullo, Franca Chierichetti, Marcello Chiocchi, Corrado Cittanti, Alberto Clemente, Alberto Cuocolo, Maria Luisa De Rimini, Giuseppe De Vincentis, Veronica Della Tommasina, Santo Dellegrottaglie, Paola Anna Erba, Laura Evangelista, Lara Faggi, Evelina Faragasso, Luigia Florimonte, Viviana Frantellizzi, Marco Gatti, Angela Gaudiano, Fabrizia Gelardi, Alberto Gerali, Alessia Gimelli, Marco Guglielmo, Lucia Leccisotti, Riccardo Liga, Carlo Liguori, Giampiero Longo, Margherita Maffione, Claudio Marcassa, Giovanni Matassa, Donato Mele, Luca Mircoli, Andrea Paccagnella, Sara Pacella, Federica Padovano, Dario Pellegrini, Valeria Pergola, Luca Pugliese, Natale Quartuccio, Lucia Rampin, Fabrizio Ricci, Giuseppe Rubini, Vincenzo Russo, Gianmario Sambuceti, Alessandra Scatteia, Roberto Sciagrà, Gianluca Spidalieri, Antonella Stefanelli, Carlo Tedeschi, Guido Ventroni, Dainia Baugh, Ernest Madu, Tadao Aikawa, Hiroshi Asano, Shinichiro Fujimoto, Koichiro Fujise, Yoshimitsu Fukushima, Kae Fukuyama, Yasutaka Ichikawa, Reiko Ideguchi, Nobuo Iguchi, Masamichi Imai, Hayato Ishimura, Satoshi Isobe, Kimiteru Ito, Yu Izawa, Toshiaki Kadokami, Tokuo Kasai, Takao Kato, Takashi Kawamoto, Shigeru Kiryu, Shinichiro Kumita, Osamu Manabe, Hirotaka Maruno, Naoya Matsumoto, Masao Miyagawa, Masao Moroi, Shigeki Nagamachi, Kenichi Nakajima, Ryo Nakazato, Mamoru Nanasato, Masanao Naya, Takashi Norikane, Yasutoshi Ohta, Yoichi Otomi, Hideki Otsuka, Noriko Oyama-Manabe, Masaki Saito, Masayoshi Sarai, Junichi Sato, Daisuke Sato, Shinya Shiraishi, Kentaro Takanami, Kazuya Takehana, Yasuyo Taniguchi, Hiroki Teragawa, Nobuo Tomizawa, Kyoko Umeji, Yasushi Wakabayashi, Shinichiro Yamada, Shinya Yamazaki, Tatsuya Yoneyama, Mohammad Rawashdeh, Tairkhan Dautov, Khalid Makhdomi, Mostafa Abass, Masoud Garashi, Qaisar Siraj, Marika Kalnina, Mohamad Haidar, Renata Komiagiene, Giedre Kviecinskiene, Donatas Vajauskas, Noor Khairiah A. Karim, Mady Doucoure, Luise Reichmuth, Anthony Samuel, Mohamed Lemine Dieng, Ambedhkar Shantaram Naojee, Estrella Aguilera Hernandez, Cesar Rene Alducin Tellez, Erick Alexánderson-Rosas, Erika Barragan, Manuel Cabada, Daniel Calderón, Isabel Carvajal-Juarez, José Esparza, Manlio Gerardo Gama-Moreno, Virginia Garcia Quinto, Nelsy Coromoto Gonzalez, Mary Carmen Herrera-Zarza, Aloha Meave, Jesus Gregorio Medina Verdugo, Gabriela Melendez, Rafael Humberto Morales Murguia, Carlos Salvador Navarro Quiroz, Mario Ornelas, Andres Preciado-Anaya, Oscar Ulises Preciado-Gutiérrez, Adriana Puente, Aristóteles Ramírez Salazar, Sandra Graciela Rosales Uvera, Sandra Rosales-Uvera, Jose Antonio Serna Macias, Lilia Sierra-Galan, Lilia M. Sierra-Galan, Juan Carlos Tirado Alderete, Enrique Vallejo, Marc Faraggi, Erdenechimeg Sereegotov, Nouzha Ben Rais, Nadia Ismaili Alaoui, Thiri Kyiphyu, Su Thet Oo, Soe Myat Win, Htin Zar, Ram Ghimire, Madhu Neupane, Andor Glaudemans, Riemer Slart, Derk Verschure, Berry Allen, John Edmond, Clare Mckenzie, Stuart Tie, Niels Van Pelt, Kirsten Worthington, Calum Young, Idrissa Adamou Soli, Shehu Kana, Uchenna Onubogu, Mahmoud Sani, Anders Tjellaug Bråten, Arve Jørgensen, Hanne-Elin Vassbotn, Humoud Al Dhuhli, Zabah Jawa, Naima Tag, Shazia Fatima, Muhammad Babar Imran, Muhammad Numair Younis, Mohammad Saadullah, Yariela Herrera Malo, Dora Lenturut-Katal, Manuel Castillo, José Ortellado, Afroza Akhter, F. Aaysha Cader, Raihan Hussain, Saidur Rahman Khan, Tapati Mandal, Faria Nasreen, Yunqiang An, Dianbo Cao, Lianggeng Gong, Yang Hou, Chongfu Jia, Tao Li, Caiying Li, Hui Liu, Wenya Liu, Jinkang Liu, Ming-Yen Ng, Heshui Shi, Chunxiang Tang, Ximing Wang, Zhaoqian Wang, Yining Wang, Jiang Wu, Yan Yi, Li Yuan, Tong Zhang, Longjiang Zhang, Edith Chavez, Carlos Cruz, Christian Llontop, Rosanna Morales, Paz Abrihan, Asela Bustos-Barroso, Michele Duldulao-Ogbac, Christopher Eduarte, Jerry Obaldo, Alvin Quinon, Belinda San Juan, Carlo Joe San Juan, Marie Rhiamar Sauler-Gomez, Mila Uy, Magdalena Kostkiewicz, Jolanta Kunikowska, Anna Teresinska, Tomasz Urbanik, Nuno Bettencourt, Ricardo Fontes-Carvalho, Cristina Gavina, Lino Gonçalves, Filipe Macedo, Nuno Moreno, Carla Sousa, Ana Teresa Timoteo, Maria João Vidigal, Mahmoud Al Heidous, Subramaniyan Ramanathan, Samer Arnous, Said Aytani, Angela Byrne, Tadhg Gleeson, David Kerins, Julie O'Brien, Ji-In Bang, Henry Bom, Miju Cheon, Gi Jeong Cheon, Sang-Geon Cho, Chae Moon Hong, Yong Hyu Jeong, Won Jun Kang, Yeon-Koo Kang, Ji-Young Kim, So Won Oh, Young So, Ho-Chun Song, Kyoung Sook Won, Soo Woong Yoo, Irena Mitevska, Marija Vavlukis, Barbara Gužic Salobir, Monika Štalc, Theodora Benedek, Marian Pop, Claudiu Stan, Alexey Ansheles, Olga Dariy, Nina Gagarina, Irina Itskovich, Anatoliy Karalkin, Alexander Kokov, Gulya Marina, Ekaterina Migunova, Viktor Pospelov, Daria Ryzhkova, Guzaliya Sayfullina, Vladimir Sergienko, Irina Shurupova, Margarita Vakhromeeva, Nailia Valiullina, Konstantin Zavadovsky, Kirill Zhuravlev, Rami Abazid, Turki Al Garni, Mirvat Alasnag, Ahmed Aljizeeri, Hamid Amer, Ahmad Amro, Hesham Hamdy, Osama Smettei, Dragana Sobic Saranovic, Marina Vlajkovic, Felix Keng, Jason See, Zuzana Berecova, Jana Polakova Mistinova, Osayande Evbuomwan, Nerisha Govender, Jonathan Hack, Bawinile Hadebe, Khanyisile Hlongwa, Mitchell Kaplan, Hoosen Lakhi, Katarina Milos, Moshe Modiselle, Stuart More, Ntanganedzeni Muambadzi, Leonie Scholtz, Manuel Barreiro-Perez, Isabel Blanco, Jordi Broncano, Alicia Camarero, Irene Casáns-Tormo, Javier De Haro, Albert Flotats, Elia García, Ceferino Gutierrez Mendiguchia, Amelia Jimenez-Heffernan, Ruben Leta, Javier Lopez Diaz, Luis Lumbreras Vega, Ana Manovel-Sánchez, Amparo Martinez Monzonis, Bianca Patrut, Virginia Pubul, Ricardo Ruano Perez, Nahla Zeidan, Damayanthi Nanayakkara, Ahmed Suliman, Henrik Engblom, Mustafa Murtadha, Ellen Ostenfeld, Magnus Simonsson, Hatem Alkadhi, Ronny Ralf Buechel, Peter Burger, Christoph Gräni, Christel Kamani, Nadine Kawel-Böhm, Bernd Klaeser, Robert Manka, John Prior, Tawika Kaewchur, Benjapa Khiewvan, Arpakorn Kositwattanarerk, Sirianong Namwongprom, Tanyaluck Thientunyakit, Haluk Burcak Sayman, Mahmut Yüksel, Mugisha Julius Sebikali, Emmy Okello, Pavlo Korol, Iryna Noverko, Maryna Satyr, Tahir Ahmad, Khaled Alfakih, Ivo Andrade, Susan Buckingham, Anda Bularga, John-Paul Carpenter, Graham Cole, David Cusack, Sarojini David, Patrick Davis, Timothy Fairbairn, Arjun Ghosh, Prasad Guntur Ramkumar, Mark Hamilton, Faisal Haque, Benjamin Hudson, Annette Johnstone, V.J. Karthikeyan, Mike Kay, Mohammad Ali Khan, Jamie Kitt, Chen Sheng Low, Elisa Mcalindon, David Mccreavy, Brian Morrissey, Manish Motwani, Dilip Na, Edward Nicol, Dilip Patel, Jonathan Rodrigues, Chris Rofe, Rebecca Schofield, Thomas Semple, Azeem Sheikh, Apurva Sinha, Deepak Subedi, William Topping, Katherine Tweed, Stephen Richard Underwood, Jonathan Weir-Mccall, Hamed Zuhairy, Taimur Abbasi, Shady Abohashem, Sandra Abramson, Mouaz Al-Mallah, Mohan Ashok Kumar, Mallory Balmer-Swain, Daniel Berman, Adam Bernheim, Sabha Bhatti, Robert Biederman, Erik Bieging, Scott Bingham, Stephen Bloom, Sean Blue, Andressa Borges, Kelley Branch, Paco Bravo, Sujatha Buddhe, Matthew Budoff, Renée Bullock-Palmer, Michael Cahill, Candace Candela, Jane Cao, Saurav Chatterjee, Yiannis Chatzizisis, Nita Ray Chaudhuri, Michael Cheezum, Anjali Chelliah, Tiffany Chen, Marcus Chen, Lu Chen, Aalap Chokshi, Jina Chung, Sorin Danciu, William DeSisto, Michael Dilorenzo, Rami Doukky, William Duvall, Maros Ferencik, Cameron Foster, Anthon Fuisz, Michael Gannon, David German, Myron Gerson, Jeffrey Geske, Fadi Hage, Agha Haider, Sofia Haider, Yasmin Hamirani, Karen Hassen, Robert Hendel, Jacqueline Henkel, Stephen Horgan, Mark Hyun, Rajesh Janardhanan, Scott Jerome, Dinesh Kalra, David Kassop, Mona Kinkhabwala, George Kinzfogl, Bernard Koch, Lynne Koweek, Joseph Krepp, Younghoon Kwon, Jay Layer, John Lesser, Steve Leung, Bernadette Lisske, Kathleen Magurany, Jeremy Markowitz, Brenda Mccullough, Azita Moalemi, Chanan Moffitt, Juan Montanez, Warren Moore, Shamil Morayati, Mahmud Mossa-Basha, Zorana Mrsic, Venkatesh Murthy, Prashant Nagpal, Katarina Nelson, Prabhjot Nijjar, Rupal O’Quinn, Edward Passen, Toral Patel, Pravin Patil, Amit Pursnani, Nancy Quachang, Mark Rabbat, Pragya Ranjan, Patricia Rodriguez Lozano, Mary Schemmer, Rebecca Seifried, Nishant Shah, Amee Shah, Sujata Shanbhag, Gaurav Sharma, Robert Skotnicki, Michael Sobczak, Prem Soman, Vincent Sorrell, Monvadi Srichai, Jim Streeter, Leah Strickland, Suliman Suliman, Naghmeh Tebyanian, Dustin Thomas, Randall Thompson, Seth Uretsky, Srikanth Vallurupalli, Marian Vandyck-Acquah, Vikas Verma, Todd Villines, Joseph Weinstein, David Wolinsky, Karolina Zareba, Michael Zgaljardic, Mario Beretta, Rodolfo Ferrando, Miguel Kapitan, Fernando Mut, Omoa Djuraev, Gulnora Rozikhodjaeva, Luisa Vera, Binh Duong Duc, Xuan Canh Nguyen, Phuoc Minh Hiep Nguyen, Translational Immunology Groningen (TRIGR), Cardiovascular Centre (CVC), ​Basic and Translational Research and Imaging Methodology Development in Groningen (BRIDGE), Molecular Pharmacology, Drug Design, Einstein, A, Hirschfeld, C, Williams, M, Vitola, J, Better, N, Villines, T, Cerci, R, Shaw, L, Choi, A, Dorbala, S, Karthikeyan, G, Lu, B, Sinitsyn, V, Ansheles, A, Kudo, T, Bucciarelli-Ducci, C, Norgaard, B, Maurovich-Horvat, P, Campisi, R, Milan, E, Louw, L, Allam, A, Bhatia, M, Sewanan, L, Malkovskiy, E, Cohen, Y, Randazzo, M, Narula, J, Morozova, O, Pascual, T, Pynda, Y, Dondi, M, Paez, D, Hinterleitner, G, Lu, Y, Xu, Z, Erinne, I, Shetty, M, Lopez-Mattei, J, Parwani, P, Goda, A, Shirka, E, Bouyoucef, S, Chelghoum, L, Mansouri, F, Medjahedi, A, Naili, Q, Ridouh, M, Alasia, D, Alberghina, L, Aramayo, N, Buchara, D, Busso, F, Bustos Rivadero, J, Camilletti, J, Campanelli, H, Castro, R, Daicz, M, del Riego, H, Dragonetti, L, Echazarreta, D, Erriest, J, Faccio, F, Facello, A, Gallegos, H, Geronazzo, R, Glait, H, Hasbani, V, Jager, V, Lewkowicz, J, Lotti, J, Maciel, N, Masoli, O, Mastrovito, E, Medus, M, Merani, M, Molteni, S, Montecinos, M, Parisi, G, Sueldo, C, Perez de Arenaza, D, Quintana, L, Radzinschi, A, Redruello, M, Rodriguez, M, Rojas, H, Acuna, A, Schere, D, Traverso, S, Vazquez, G, Zeffiro, S, Sakanyan, M, Beuzeville, S, Boktor, R, Crowley, M, Downie, D, Dwivedi, G, Elison, B, Farouque, O, Jasper, K, Joshi, S, Lee, J, Lee, K, Lui, E, Mcconachie, P, Meaker, J, Nandurkar, D, Neill, J, O'Rourke, E, O'Sullivan, P, Pandos, G, Premaratne, M, Prior, D, 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Sewanan, Lorenzo, Malkovskiy, Eli, Cohen, Yosef, Randazzo, Michael, Narula, Jagat, Morozova, Olga, Pascual, Thomas N B, Pynda, Yaroslav, Dondi, Maurizio, Paez, Diana, and Cuocolo, Alberto

Subjects
cardiac testing, Health Personnel, delivery of health care, coronavirus, COVID-19, global health, 610 Medicine & health, cardiovascular disease, health personnel, humans, pandemics, surveys and questionnaires, coronaviru, Surveys and Questionnaires, Humans, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Delivery of Health Care, Pandemics, COVID-19/epidemiology
Abstract

BACKGROUND: The extent to which health care systems have adapted to the COVID-19 pandemic to provide necessary cardiac diagnostic services is unknown.OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the pandemic on cardiac testing practices, volumes and types of diagnostic services, and perceived psychological stress to health care providers worldwide.METHODS: The International Atomic Energy Agency conducted a worldwide survey assessing alterations from baseline in cardiovascular diagnostic care at the pandemic's onset and 1 year later. Multivariable regression was used to determine factors associated with procedure volume recovery.RESULTS: Surveys were submitted from 669 centers in 107 countries. Worldwide reduction in cardiac procedure volumes of 64% from March 2019 to April 2020 recovered by April 2021 in high- and upper middle-income countries (recovery rates of 108% and 99%) but remained depressed in lower middle- and low-income countries (46% and 30% recovery). Although stress testing was used 12% less frequently in 2021 than in 2019, coronary computed tomographic angiography was used 14% more, a trend also seen for other advanced cardiac imaging modalities (positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance; 22%-25% increases). Pandemic-related psychological stress was estimated to have affected nearly 40% of staff, impacting patient care at 78% of sites. In multivariable regression, only lower-income status and physicians' psychological stress were significant in predicting recovery of cardiac testing.CONCLUSIONS: Cardiac diagnostic testing has yet to recover to prepandemic levels in lower-income countries. Worldwide, the decrease in standard stress testing is offset by greater use of advanced cardiac imaging modalities. Pandemic-related psychological stress among providers is widespread and associated with poor recovery of cardiac testing.

Published
2022
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92. Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Cardiovascular Testing in Asia

Author

Takashi Kudo, Ryan Lahey, Cole B. Hirschfeld, Michelle C. Williams, Bin Lu, Mirvat Alasnag, Mona Bhatia, Hee-Seung Henry Bom, Tairkhan Dautov, Reza Fazel, Ganesan Karthikeyan, Felix Y.J. Keng, Ronen Rubinshtein, Nathan Better, Rodrigo Julio Cerci, Sharmila Dorbala, Paolo Raggi, Leslee J. Shaw, Todd C. Villines, João V. Vitola, Andrew D. Choi, Eli Malkovskiy, Benjamin Goebel, Yosef A. Cohen, Michael Randazzo, Thomas N.B. Pascual, Yaroslav Pynda, Maurizio Dondi, Diana Paez, Andrew J. Einstein, Rodrigo Cerci, Joao V. Vitola, Gerd Hinterleitner, Yao Lu, Olga Morozova, Zhuoran Xu, Yosef Cohen, Andrew Choi, Juan Lopez-Mattei, Purvi Parwani, Mohammad Nawaz Nasery, Artan Goda, Ervina Shirka, Rabie Benlabgaa, Salah Bouyoucef, Abdelkader Medjahedi, Qais Nailli, Mariela Agolti, Roberto Nicolas Aguero, Maria del Carmen Alak, Lucia Graciela Alberguina, Guillermo Arroñada, Andrea Astesiano, Alfredo Astesiano, Carolina Bas Norton, Pablo Benteo, Juan Blanco, Juan Manuel Bonelli, Jose Javier Bustos, Raul Cabrejas, Jorge Cachero, Roxana Campisi, Alejandro Canderoli, Silvia Carames, Patrícia Carrascosa, Ricardo Castro, Oscar Cendoya, Luciano Martin Cognigni, Carlos Collaud, Claudia Cortes, Javier Courtis, Daniel Cragnolino, Mariana Daicz, Alejandro De La Vega, Silvia Teresa De Maria, Horacio Del Riego, Fernando Dettori, Alejandro Deviggiano, Laura Dragonetti, Mario Embon, Ruben Emilio Enriquez, Jorge Ensinas, Fernando Faccio, Adolfo Facello, Diego Garofalo, Ricardo Geronazzo, Natalia Gonza, Lucas Gutierrez, Miguel Angel Guzzo, Victor Hasbani, Melina Huerin, Victor Jäger, Julio Manuel Lewkowicz, Maria Nieves A. López De Munaín, Jose Maria Lotti, Alejandra Marquez, Osvaldo Masoli, Osvaldo Horacio Masoli, Edgardo Mastrovito, Matias Mayoraz, Graciela Eva Melado, Anibal Mele, Maria Fernanda Merani, Alejandro Horacio Meretta, Susana Molteni, Marcos Montecinos, Eduardo Noguera, Carlos Novoa, Claudio Pereyra Sueldo, Sebastian Perez Ascani, Pablo Pollono, Maria Paula Pujol, Alejandro Radzinschi, Gustavo Raimondi, Marcela Redruello, Marina Rodríguez, Matías Rodríguez, Romina Lorena Romero, Arturo Romero Acuña, Federico Rovaletti, Lucas San Miguel, Lucrecia Solari, Bruno Strada, Sonia Traverso, Sonia Simona Traverzo, Maria del Huerto Velazquez Espeche, Juan Sebastian Weihmuller, Juan Wolcan, Susana Zeffiro, Mari Sakanyan, Scott Beuzeville, Raef Boktor, Patrick Butler, Jennifer Calcott, Loretta Carr, Virgil Chan, Charles Chao, Woon Chong, Mark Dobson, D'Arne Downie, Girish Dwivedi, Barry Elison, Jean Engela, Roslyn Francis, Anand Gaikwad, Ashok Gangasandra Basavaraj, Bruce Goodwin, Robert Greenough, Christian Hamilton-Craig, Victar Hsieh, Subodh Joshi, Karin Lederer, Kenneth Lee, Joseph Lee, John Magnussen, Nghi Mai, Gordon Mander, Fiona Murton, Dee Nandurkar, Johanne Neill, Edward O'Rourke, Patricia O'Sullivan, George Pandos, Kunthi Pathmaraj, Alexander Pitman, Rohan Poulter, Manuja Premaratne, David Prior, Lloyd Ridley, Natalie Rutherford, Hamid Salehi, Connor Saunders, Luke Scarlett, Sujith Seneviratne, Deepa Shetty, Ganesh Shrestha, Jonathan Shulman, Vijay Solanki, Tony Stanton, Murch Stuart, Michael Stubbs, Ian Swainson, Kim Taubman, Andrew Taylor, Paul Thomas, Steven Unger, Anthony Upton, Shankar Vamadevan, William Van Gaal, Johan Verjans, Demetrius Voutnis, Victor Wayne, Peter Wilson, David Wong, Kirby Wong, John Younger, Gudrun Feuchtner, Siroos Mirzaei, Konrad Weiss, Natallia Maroz-Vadalazhskaya, Olivier Gheysens, Filip Homans, Rodrigo Moreno-Reyes, Agnès Pasquet, Veronique Roelants, Caroline M. Van De Heyning, Raúl Araujo Ríos, Valentina Soldat-Stankovic, Sinisa Stankovic, Maria Helena Albernaz Siqueira, Augusto Almeida, Paulo Henrique Alves Togni, Jose Henrique Andrade, Luciana Andrade, Carlos Anselmi, Roberta Araújo, Guilherme Azevedo, Sabbrina Bezerra, Rodrigo Biancardi, Gabriel Blacher Grossman, Simone Brandão, Diego Bromfman Pianta, Lara Carreira, Bruno Castro, Tien Chang, Fernando Cunali, Roberto Cury, Roberto Dantas, Fernando de Amorim Fernandes, Andrea De Lorenzo, Robson De Macedo Filho, Fernanda Erthal, Fabio Fernandes, Juliano Fernandes, Thiago Ferreira De Souza, Wilson Furlan Alves, Bruno Ghini, Luiz Goncalves, Ilan Gottlieb, Marcelo Hadlich, Vinícius Kameoka, Ronaldo Lima, Adna Lima, Rafael Willain Lopes, Ricardo Machado e Silva, Tiago Magalhães, Fábio Martins Silva, Luiz Eduardo Mastrocola, Fábio Medeiros, José Claudio Meneghetti, Vania Naue, Danilo Naves, Roberto Nolasco, Cesar Nomura, Joao Bruno Oliveira, Eduardo Paixao, Filipe Penna De Carvalho, Ibraim Pinto, Priscila Possetti, Mayra Quinta, Rodrigo Rizzo Nogueira Ramos, Ricardo Rocha, Alfredo Rodrigues, Carlos Rodrigues, Leila Romantini, Adelina Sanches, Sara Santana, Leonardo Sara da Silva, Paulo Schvartzman, Cristina Sebastião Matushita, Tiago Senra, Afonso Shiozaki, Maria Eduarda Menezes de Siqueira, Cristiano Siqueira, Paola Smanio, Carlos Eduardo Soares, José Soares Junior, Marcio Sommer Bittencourt, Bernardo Spiro, Cláudio Tinoco Mesquita, Jorge Torreao, Rafael Torres, Marly Uellendahl, Guilherme Urpia Monte, Otávia Veríssimo, Estevan Vieira Cabeda, Felipe Villela Pedras, Roberto Waltrick, Marcello Zapparoli, Hamid Naseer, Marina Garcheva-Tsacheva, Irena Kostadinova, Youdaline Theng, Gad Abikhzer, Rene Barette, Benjamin Chow, Dominique Dabreo, Matthias Friedrich, Ria Garg, Mohammed Nassoh Hafez, Chris Johnson, Marla Kiess, Jonathon Leipsic, Eugene Leung, Robert Miller, Anastasia Oikonomou, Stephan Probst, Idan Roifman, Gary Small, Vikas Tandon, Adwait Trivedi, James White, Katherine Zukotynski, Jose Canessa, Gabriel Castro Muñoz, Carmen Concha, Pablo Hidalgo, Cesar Lovera, Teresa Massardo, Luis Salazar Vargas, Pedro Abad, Harold Arturo, Sandra Ayala, Luis Benitez, Alberto Cadena, Carlos Caicedo, Antonio Calderón Moncayo, Sharon Gomez, Claudia T. Gutierrez Villamil, Claudia Jaimes, Juan Londoño, Juan Luis Londoño Blair, Luz Pabon, Mauricio Pineda, Juan Carlos Rojas, Diego Ruiz, Manuel Valencia Escobar, Andres Vasquez, Damiana Vergel, Alejandro Zuluaga, Isabel Berrocal Gamboa, Gabriel Castro, Ulises González, Ana Baric, Tonci Batinic, Maja Franceschi, Maja Hrabak Paar, Mladen Jukic, Petar Medakovic, Viktor Persic, Marina Prpic, Ante Punda, Juan Felipe Batista, Juan Manuel Gómez Lauchy, Yamile Marcos Gutierrez, Rayner Menéndez, Amalia Peix, Luis Rochela, Christoforos Panagidis, Ioannis Petrou, Vaclav Engelmann, Milan Kaminek, Vladimír Kincl, Otto Lang, Milan Simanek, Jawdat Abdulla, Morten Bøttcher, Mette Christensen, Lars Christian Gormsen, Philip Hasbak, Søren Hess, Paw Holdgaard, Allan Johansen, Kasper Kyhl, Bjarne Linde Norgaard, Kristian Altern Øvrehus, Niels Peter Rønnow Sand, Rolf Steffensen, Anders Thomassen, Bo Zerahn, Alfredo Perez, Giovanni Alejandro Escorza Velez, Mayra Sanchez Velez, Islam Shawky Abdel Aziz, Mahasen Abougabal, Taghreed Ahmed, Adel Allam, Ahmed Asfour, Mona Hassan, Alia Hassan, Ahmed Ibrahim, Sameh Kaffas, Ahmed Kandeel, Mohamed Mandour Ali, Ahmad Mansy, Hany Maurice, Sherif Nabil, Mahmoud Shaaban, Ana Camila Flores, Anne Poksi, Juhani Knuuti, Velipekka Kokkonen, Martti Larikka, Valtteri Uusitalo, Matthieu Bailly, Samuel Burg, Jean-François Deux, Vincent Habouzit, Fabien Hyafil, Olivier Lairez, Franck Proffit, Hamza Regaieg, Laure Sarda-Mantel, Vania Tacher, Roman P. Schneider, Harold Ayetey, George Angelidis, Aikaterini Archontaki, Sofia Chatziioannou, Ioannis Datseris, Christina Fragkaki, Panagiotis Georgoulias, Sophia Koukouraki, Maria Koutelou, Eleni Kyrozi, Evangelos Repasos, Petros Stavrou, Pipitsa Valsamaki, Carla Gonzalez, Goleat Gutierrez, Alejandro Maldonado, Klara Buga, Ildiko Garai, Pál Maurovich-Horvat, Erzsébet Schmidt, Balint Szilveszter, Edit Várady, Nilesh Banthia, Jinendra Kumar Bhagat, Rishi Bhargava, Vivek Bhat, Partha Choudhury, Vijay Sai Chowdekar, Aparna Irodi, Shashank Jain, Elizabeth Joseph, Sukriti Kumar, Prof Dr Girijanandan Mahapatra, Deepanjan Mitra, Bhagwant Rai Mittal, Ahmad Ozair, Chetan Patel, Tapan Patel, Ravi Patel, Shivani Patel, Sudhir Saxena, Shantanu Sengupta, Santosh Singh, Bhanupriya Singh, Ashwani Sood, Atul Verma, Erwin Affandi, Padma Savenadia Alam, Edison Edison, Gani Gunawan, Habusari Hapkido, Basuki Hidayat, Aulia Huda, Anggoro Praja Mukti, Djoko Prawiro, Erwin Affandi Soeriadi, Hilman Syawaluddin, Amjed Albadr, Majid Assadi, Farshad Emami, Golnaz Houshmand, Majid Maleki, Maryam Tajik Rostami, Seyed Rasoul Zakavi, Eed Abu Zaid, Svetlana Agranovich, Yoav Arnson, Rachel Bar-Shalom, Alex Frenkel, Galit Knafo, Rachel Lugassi, Israel Shlomo Maor Moalem, Maya Mor, Noam Muskal, Sara Ranser, Aryeh Shalev, Domenico Albano, Pierpaolo Alongi, Gaspare Arnone, Elisa Bagatin, Sergio Baldari, Matteo Bauckneht, Paolo Bertelli, Francesco Bianco, Rachele Bonfiglioli, Roberto Boni, Andrea Bruno, Isabella Bruno, Elena Busnardo, Elena Califaretti, Luca Camoni, Aldo Carnevale, Roberta Casoni, Armando Ugo Cavallo, Giorgio Cavenaghi, Franca Chierichetti, Marcello Chiocchi, Corrado Cittanti, Mauro Colletta, Umberto Conti, Alberto Cossu, Alberto Cuocolo, Marco Cuzzocrea, Maria Luisa De Rimini, Giuseppe De Vincentis, Eleonora Del Giudice, Alberico Del Torto, Veronica Della Tommasina, Rexhep Durmo, Paola Anna Erba, Laura Evangelista, Riccardo Faletti, Evelina Faragasso, Mohsen Farsad, Paola Ferro, Luigia Florimonte, Viviana Frantellizzi, Fabio Massimo Fringuelli, Marco Gatti, Angela Gaudiano, Alessia Gimelli, Raffaele Giubbini, Francesca Giuffrida, Salvatore Ialuna, Riccardo Laudicella, Lucia Leccisotti, Lucia Leva, Riccardo Liga, Carlo Liguori, Giampiero Longo, Margherita Maffione, Maria Elisabetta Mancini, Claudio Marcassa, Elisa Milan, Barbara Nardi, Sara Pacella, Giovanna Pepe, Gianluca Pontone, Sabina Pulizzi, Natale Quartuccio, Lucia Rampin, Fabrizio Ricci, Pierluigi Rossini, Giuseppe Rubini, Vincenzo Russo, Gian Mauro Sacchetti, Gianmario Sambuceti, Massimo Scarano, Roberto Sciagrà, Massimiliano Sperandio, Antonella Stefanelli, Guido Ventroni, Stefania Zoboli, Dainia Baugh, Duane Chambers, Ernest Madu, Felix Nunura, Hiroshi Asano, Chimura Misato Chimura, Shinichiro Fujimoto, Koichiro Fujisue, Tomohisa Fukunaga, Yoshimitsu Fukushima, Kae Fukuyama, Jun Hashimoto, Yasutaka Ichikawa, Nobuo Iguchi, Masamichi Imai, Anri Inaki, Hayato Ishimura, Satoshi Isobe, Toshiaki Kadokami, Takao Kato, Shinichiro Kumita, Hirotaka Maruno, Hiroyuki Mataki, Masao Miyagawa, Ryota Morimoto, Masao Moroi, Shigeki Nagamachi, Kenichi Nakajima, Tomoaki Nakata, Ryo Nakazato, Mamoru Nanasato, Masanao Naya, Takashi Norikane, Yasutoshi Ohta, Satoshi Okayama, Atsutaka Okizaki, Yoichi Otomi, Hideki Otsuka, Masaki Saito, Sakata Yasushi Sakata, Masayoshi Sarai, Daisuke Sato, Shinya Shiraishi, Yoshinobu Suwa, Kentaro Takanami, Kazuya Takehana, Junichi Taki, Nagara Tamaki, Yasuyo Taniguchi, Hiroki Teragawa, Nobuo Tomizawa, Kenichi Tsujita, Kyoko Umeji, Yasushi Wakabayashi, Shinichiro Yamada, Shinya Yamazaki, Tatsuya Yoneyama, Mohammad Rawashdeh, Daultai Batyrkhanov, Khalid Makhdomi, Kevin Ombati, Faridah Alkandari, Masoud Garashi, Tchoyoson Lim Coie, Sonexay Rajvong, Artem Kalinin, Marika Kalnina, Mohamad Haidar, Renata Komiagiene, Giedre Kviecinskiene, Mindaugas Mataciunas, Donatas Vajauskas, Christian Picard, Noor Khairiah A. Karim, Luise Reichmuth, Anthony Samuel, Mohammad Aaftaab Allarakha, Ambedhkar Shantaram Naojee, Erick Alexanderson-Rosas, Erika Barragan, Alejandro Becerril González-Montecinos, Manuel Cabada, Daniel Calderon Rodriguez, Isabel Carvajal-Juarez, Violeta Cortés, Filiberto Cortés, Erasmo De La Peña, Manlio Gama-Moreno, Luis González, Nelsy Gonzalez Ramírez, Moisés Jiménez-Santos, Luis Matos, Edgar Monroy, Martha Morelos, Mario Ornelas, Jose Alberto Ortga Ramirez, Andrés Preciado-Anaya, Óscar Ulises Preciado-Gutiérrez, Adriana Puente Barragan, Sandra Graciela Rosales Uvera, Sigelinda Sandoval, Miguel Santaularia Tomas, Lilia M. Sierra-Galan, Silvia Siu, Enrique Vallejo, Mario Valles, Marc Faraggi, Erdenechimeg Sereegotov, Srdja Ilic, Nozha Ben-Rais, Nadia Ismaili Alaoui, Sara Taleb, Khin Pa Pa Myo, Phyo Si Thu, Ram Kumar Ghimire, Bijoy Rajbanshi, Peter Barneveld, Andor Glaudemans, Jesse Habets, Klaas Pieter Koopmans, Jeroen Manders, Stefan Pool, Arthur Scholte, Asbjørn Scholtens, Riemer Slart, Paul Thimister, Erik-Jan Van Asperen, Niels Veltman, Derk Verschure, Nils Wagenaar, John Edmond, Chris Ellis, Kerryanne Johnson, Ross Keenan, Shaw Hua (Anthony) Kueh, Christopher Occleshaw, Alexander Sasse, Andrew To, Niels Van Pelt, Calum Young, Teresa Cuadra, Hector Bladimir Roque Vanegas, Idrissa Adamou Soli, Djibrillou Moussa Issoufou, Tolulope Ayodele, Chibuzo Madu, Yetunde Onimode, Elen Efros-Monsen, Signe Helene Forsdahl, Jenni-Mari Hildre Dimmen, Arve Jørgensen, Isabel Krohn, Pål Løvhaugen, Anders Tjellaug Bråten, Humoud Al Dhuhli, Faiza Al Kindi, Naeema Al-Bulushi, Zabah Jawa, Naima Tag, Muhammad Shehzad Afzal, Shazia Fatima, Muhammad Numair Younis, Musab Riaz, Mohammad Saadullah, Yariela Herrera, Dora Lenturut-Katal, Manuel Castillo Vázquez, José Ortellado, Afroza Akhter, Dianbo Cao, Stephen Cheung, Xu Dai, Lianggeng Gong, Dan Han, Yang Hou, Caiying Li, Tao Li, Dong Li, Sijin Li, Jinkang Liu, Hui Liu, Ming Yen Ng, Kai Sun, Gongshun Tang, Jian Wang, Ximing Wang, Zhao-Qian Wang, Yining Wang, Yifan Wang, Jiang Wu, Zhifang Wu, Liming Xia, Jiangxi Xiao, Lei Xu, Youyou Yang, Wu Yin, Jianqun Yu, Li Yuan, Tong Zhang, Longjiang Zhang, Yong-Gao Zhang, Xiaoli Zhang, Li Zhu, Ana Alfaro, Paz Abrihan, Asela Barroso, Eric Cruz, Marie Rhiamar Gomez, Vincent Peter Magboo, John Michael Medina, Jerry Obaldo, Davidson Pastrana, Christian Michael Pawhay, Alvin Quinon, Jeanelle Margareth Tang, Bettina Tecson, Kristine Joy Uson, Mila Uy, Magdalena Kostkiewicz, Jolanta Kunikowska, Nuno Bettencourt, Guilhermina Cantinho, Antonio Ferreira, Ghulam Syed, Samer Arnous, Said Atyani, Angela Byrne, Tadhg Gleeson, David Kerins, Conor Meehan, David Murphy, Mark Murphy, John Murray, Julie O'Brien, Ji-In Bang, Henry Bom, Sang-Geon Cho, Chae Moon Hong, Su Jin Jang, Yong Hyu Jeong, Won Jun Kang, Ji-Young Kim, Jaetae Lee, Chang Kyeong Namgung, Young So, Kyoung Sook Won, Venjamin Majstorov, Marija Vavlukis, Barbara Gužic Salobir, Monika Štalc, Theodora Benedek, Imre Benedek, Raluca Mititelu, Claudiu Adrian Stan, Alexey Ansheles, Olga Dariy, Olga Drozdova, Nina Gagarina, Vsevolod Milyevich Gulyaev, Irina Itskovich, Anatoly Karalkin, Alexander Kokov, Ekaterina Migunova, Viktor Pospelov, Daria Ryzhkova, Guzaliya Saifullina, Svetlana Sazonova, Vladimir Sergienko, Irina Shurupova, Tatjana Trifonova, Wladimir Yurievich Ussov, Margarita Vakhromeeva, Nailya Valiullina, Konstantin Zavadovsky, Kirill Zhuravlev, Subhani Okarvi, Dragana Sobic Saranovic, Felix Keng, Jia Hao Jason See, Ramkumar Sekar, Min Sen Yew, Andrej Vondrak, Shereen Bejai, George Bennie, Ria Bester, Gerrit Engelbrecht, Osayande Evbuomwan, Harlem Gongxeka, Magritha Jv Vuuren, Mitchell Kaplan, Purbhoo Khushica, Hoosen Lakhi, Lizette Louw, Nico Malan, Katarina Milos, Moshe Modiselle, Stuart More, Mathava Naidoo, Leonie Scholtz, Mboyo Vangu, Santiago Aguadé-Bruix, Isabel Blanco, Antonio Cabrera, Alicia Camarero, Irene Casáns-Tormo, Hug Cuellar-Calabria, Albert Flotats, Maria Eugenia Fuentes Cañamero, María Elia García, Amelia Jimenez-Heffernan, Rubén Leta, Javier Lopez Diaz, Luis Lumbreras, Juan Javier Marquez-Cabeza, Francisco Martin, Anxo Martinez de Alegria, Francisco Medina, Maria Pedrera Canal, Virginia Peiro, Virginia Pubul-Nuñez, Juan Ignacio Rayo Madrid, Cristina Rodríguez Rey, Ricardo Ruano Perez, Joaquín Ruiz, Gertrudis Sabatel Hernández, Ana Sevilla, Nahla Zeidán, Damayanthi Nanayakkara, Chandraguptha Udugama, Magnus Simonsson, Hatem Alkadhi, Ronny Ralf Buechel, Peter Burger, Luca Ceriani, Bart De Boeck, Christoph Gräni, Alix Juillet de Saint Lager Lucas, Christel H. Kamani, Nadine Kawel-Boehm, Robert Manka, John O. Prior, Axel Rominger, Jean-Paul Vallée, Benjapa Khiewvan, Teerapon Premprabha, Tanyaluck Thientunyakit, Ali Sellem, Kemal Metin Kir, Haluk Sayman, Mugisha Julius Sebikali, Zerida Muyinda, Yaroslav Kmetyuk, Pavlo Korol, Olena Mykhalchenko, Volodymyr Pliatsek, Maryna Satyr, Batool Albalooshi, Mohamed Ismail Ahmed Hassan, Jill Anderson, Punit Bedi, Thomas Biggans, Anda Bularga, Russell Bull, Rajesh Burgul, John-Paul Carpenter, Duncan Coles, David Cusack, Aparna Deshpande, John Dougan, Timothy Fairbairn, Alexia Farrugia, Deepa Gopalan, Alistair Gummow, Prasad Guntur Ramkumar, Mark Hamilton, Mark Harbinson, Thomas Hartley, Benjamin Hudson, Nikhil Joshi, Michael Kay, Andrew Kelion, Azhar Khokhar, Jamie Kitt, Ken Lee, Chen Low, Sze Mun Mak, Ntouskou Marousa, Jon Martin, Elisa Mcalindon, Leon Menezes, Gareth Morgan-Hughes, Alastair Moss, Anthony Murray, Edward Nicol, Dilip Patel, Charles Peebles, Francesca Pugliese, Jonathan Carl Luis Rodrigues, Christopher Rofe, Nikant Sabharwal, Rebecca Schofield, Thomas Semple, Naveen Sharma, Peter Strouhal, Deepak Subedi, William Topping, Katharine Tweed, Jonathan Weir-Mccall, Suhny Abbara, Taimur Abbasi, Brian Abbott, Shady Abohashem, Sandra Abramson, Tarek Al-Abboud, Mouaz Al-Mallah, Omar Almousalli, Karthikeyan Ananthasubramaniam, Mohan Ashok Kumar, Jeffrey Askew, Lea Attanasio, Mallory Balmer-Swain, Richard R. Bayer, Adam Bernheim, Sabha Bhatti, Erik Bieging, Ron Blankstein, Stephen Bloom, Sean Blue, David Bluemke, Andressa Borges, Kelley Branch, Paco Bravo, Jessica Brothers, Matthew Budoff, Renée Bullock-Palmer, Angela Burandt, Floyd W. Burke, Kelvin Bush, Candace Candela, Elizabeth Capasso, Joao Cavalcante, Donald Chang, Saurav Chatterjee, Yiannis Chatzizisis, Michael Cheezum, Tiffany Chen, Jennifer Chen, Marcus Chen, James Clarcq, Ayreen Cordero, Matthew Crim, Sorin Danciu, Bruce Decter, Nimish Dhruva, Neil Doherty, Rami Doukky, Anjori Dunbar, William Duvall, Rachael Edwards, Kerry Esquitin, Husam Farah, Emilio Fentanes, Maros Ferencik, Daniel Fisher, Daniel Fitzpatrick, Cameron Foster, Tony Fuisz, Michael Gannon, Lori Gastner, Myron Gerson, Brian Ghoshhajra, Alan Goldberg, Brian Goldner, Jorge Gonzalez, Rosco Gore, Sandra Gracia-López, Fadi Hage, Agha Haider, Sofia Haider, Yasmin Hamirani, Karen Hassen, Mallory Hatfield, Carolyn Hawkins, Katie Hawthorne, Nicholas Heath, Robert Hendel, Phillip Hernandez, Gregory Hill, Stephen Horgan, Jeff Huffman, Lynne Hurwitz, Ami Iskandrian, Rajesh Janardhanan, Christine Jellis, Scott Jerome, Dinesh Kalra, Summanther Kaviratne, Fernando Kay, Faith Kelly, Omar Khalique, Mona Kinkhabwala, George Kinzfogl Iii, Jacqueline Kircher, Rachael Kirkbride, Michael Kontos, Anupama Kottam, Joseph Krepp, Jay Layer, Steven H. Lee, Jeffrey Leppo, John Lesser, Steve Leung, Howard Lewin, Diana Litmanovich, Yiyan Liu, Kathleen Magurany, Jeremy Markowitz, Amanda Marn, Stephen E. Matis, Michael Mckenna, Tony Mcrae, Fernando Mendoza, Michael Merhige, David Min, Chanan Moffitt, Karen Moncher, Warren Moore, Shamil Morayati, Michael Morris, Mahmud Mossa-Basha, Zorana Mrsic, Venkatesh Murthy, Prashant Nagpal, Kyle Napier, Katarina Nelson, Prabhjot Nijjar, Medhat Osman, Edward Passen, Amit Patel, Pravin Patil, Ryan Paul, Lawrence Phillips, Venkateshwar Polsani, Rajaram Poludasu, Brian Pomerantz, Thomas Porter, Ryan Prentice, Amit Pursnani, Mark Rabbat, Suresh Ramamurti, Florence Rich, Hiram Rivera Luna, Austin Robinson, Kim Robles, Cesar Rodríguez, Mark Rorie, John Rumberger, Raymond Russell, Philip Sabra, Diego Sadler, Mary Schemmer, U. Joseph Schoepf, Samir Shah, Nishant Shah, Sujata Shanbhag, Gaurav Sharma, Steven Shayani, Jamshid Shirani, Pushpa Shivaram, Steven Sigman, Mitch Simon, Ahmad Slim, David Smith, Alexandra Smith, Prem Soman, Aditya Sood, Monvadi Barbara Srichai-Parsia, James Streeter, Albert T, Ahmed Tawakol, Dustin Thomas, Randall Thompson, Tara Torbet, Desiree Trinidad, Shawn Ullery, Samuel Unzek, Seth Uretsky, Srikanth Vallurupalli, Vikas Verma, Alfonso Waller, Ellen Wang, Parker Ward, Gaby Weissman, George Wesbey, Kelly White, David Winchester, David Wolinsky, Sandra Yost, Michael Zgaljardic, Omar Alonso, Mario Beretta, Rodolfo Ferrando, Miguel Kapitan, Fernando Mut, Omoa Djuraev, Gulnora Rozikhodjaeva, Ha Le Ngoc, Son Hong Mai, Xuan Canh Nguyen, Kudo, T, Lahey, R, Hirschfeld, C, Williams, M, Lu, B, Alasnag, M, Bhatia, M, Henry Bom, H, Dautov, T, Fazel, R, Karthikeyan, G, Keng, F, Rubinshtein, R, Better, N, Cerci, R, Dorbala, S, Raggi, P, Shaw, L, Villines, T, Vitola, J, Choi, A, Malkovskiy, E, 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T, Shiozaki, A, Menezes de Siqueira, M, Siqueira, C, Smanio, P, Soares, C, Junior, J, Bittencourt, M, Spiro, B, Mesquita, C, Torreao, J, Torres, R, Uellendahl, M, Monte, G, Veríssimo, O, Cabeda, E, Pedras, F, Waltrick, R, Zapparoli, M, Naseer, H, Garcheva-Tsacheva, M, Kostadinova, I, Theng, Y, Abikhzer, G, Barette, R, Chow, B, Dabreo, D, Friedrich, M, Garg, R, Hafez, M, Johnson, C, Kiess, M, Leipsic, J, Leung, E, Miller, R, Oikonomou, A, Probst, S, Roifman, I, Small, G, Tandon, V, Trivedi, A, White, J, Zukotynski, K, Canessa, J, Muñoz, G, Concha, C, Hidalgo, P, Lovera, C, Massardo, T, Vargas, L, Abad, P, Arturo, H, Ayala, S, Benitez, L, Cadena, A, Caicedo, C, Moncayo, A, Gomez, S, Gutierrez Villamil, C, Jaimes, C, Londoño, J, Londoño Blair, J, Pabon, L, Pineda, M, Rojas, J, Ruiz, D, Escobar, M, Vasquez, A, Vergel, D, Zuluaga, A, Gamboa, I, Castro, G, González, U, Baric, A, Batinic, T, Franceschi, M, Paar, M, Jukic, M, Medakovic, P, Persic, V, Prpic, M, Punda, A, Batista, J, Gómez 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Schmidt, E, Szilveszter, B, Várady, E, Banthia, N, Bhagat, J, Bhargava, R, Bhat, V, Choudhury, P, Chowdekar, V, Irodi, A, Jain, S, Joseph, E, Kumar, S, Girijanandan Mahapatra, P, Mitra, D, Mittal, B, Ozair, A, Patel, C, Patel, T, Patel, R, Patel, S, Saxena, S, Sengupta, S, Singh, S, Singh, B, Sood, A, Verma, A, Affandi, E, Alam, P, Edison, E, Gunawan, G, Hapkido, H, Hidayat, B, Huda, A, Mukti, A, Prawiro, D, Soeriadi, E, Syawaluddin, H, Albadr, A, Assadi, M, Emami, F, Houshmand, G, Maleki, M, Rostami, M, Zakavi, S, Zaid, E, Agranovich, S, Arnson, Y, Bar-Shalom, R, Frenkel, A, Knafo, G, Lugassi, R, Maor Moalem, I, Mor, M, Muskal, N, Ranser, S, Shalev, A, Albano, D, Alongi, P, Arnone, G, Bagatin, E, Baldari, S, Bauckneht, M, Bertelli, P, Bianco, F, Bonfiglioli, R, Boni, R, Bruno, A, Bruno, I, Busnardo, E, Califaretti, E, Camoni, L, Carnevale, A, Casoni, R, Cavallo, A, Cavenaghi, G, Chierichetti, F, Chiocchi, M, Cittanti, C, Colletta, M, Conti, U, Cossu, A, Cuocolo, A, Cuzzocrea, M, De Rimini, M, De Vincentis, G, Del Giudice, E, Del Torto, A, Della Tommasina, V, Durmo, R, Erba, P, Evangelista, L, Faletti, R, Faragasso, E, Farsad, M, Ferro, P, Florimonte, L, Frantellizzi, V, Fringuelli, F, Gatti, M, Gaudiano, A, Gimelli, A, Giubbini, R, Giuffrida, F, Ialuna, S, Laudicella, R, Leccisotti, L, Leva, L, Liga, R, Liguori, C, Longo, G, Maffione, M, Mancini, M, Marcassa, C, Milan, E, Nardi, B, Pacella, S, Pepe, G, Pontone, G, Pulizzi, S, Quartuccio, N, Rampin, L, Ricci, F, Rossini, P, Rubini, G, Russo, V, Sacchetti, G, Sambuceti, G, Scarano, M, Sciagrà, R, Sperandio, M, Stefanelli, A, Ventroni, G, Zoboli, S, Baugh, D, Chambers, D, Madu, E, Nunura, F, Asano, H, Chimura, C, Fujimoto, S, Fujisue, K, Fukunaga, T, Fukushima, Y, Fukuyama, K, Hashimoto, J, Ichikawa, Y, Iguchi, N, Imai, M, Inaki, A, Ishimura, H, Isobe, S, Kadokami, T, Kato, T, Kumita, S, Maruno, H, Mataki, H, Miyagawa, M, Morimoto, R, Moroi, M, Nagamachi, S, Nakajima, K, Nakata, T, Nakazato, R, Nanasato, M, Naya, M, Norikane, T, Ohta, Y, Okayama, S, Okizaki, A, Otomi, Y, Otsuka, H, Saito, M, Sakata, S, Sarai, M, Sato, D, Shiraishi, S, Suwa, Y, Takanami, K, Takehana, K, Taki, J, Tamaki, N, Taniguchi, Y, Teragawa, H, Tomizawa, N, Tsujita, K, Umeji, K, Wakabayashi, Y, Yamada, S, Yamazaki, S, Yoneyama, T, Rawashdeh, M, Batyrkhanov, D, Makhdomi, K, Ombati, K, Alkandari, F, Garashi, M, Coie, T, Rajvong, S, Kalinin, A, Kalnina, M, Haidar, M, Komiagiene, R, Kviecinskiene, G, Mataciunas, M, Vajauskas, D, Picard, C, Karim, N, Reichmuth, L, Samuel, A, Allarakha, M, Naojee, A, Alexanderson-Rosas, E, Barragan, E, González-Montecinos, A, Cabada, M, Rodriguez, D, Carvajal-Juarez, I, Cortés, V, Cortés, F, De La Peña, E, Gama-Moreno, M, González, L, Ramírez, N, Jiménez-Santos, M, Matos, L, Monroy, E, Morelos, M, Ornelas, M, Ortga Ramirez, J, Preciado-Anaya, A, Preciado-Gutiérrez, Ó, Barragan, A, Rosales Uvera, S, Sandoval, S, Tomas, M, Sierra-Galan, L, Siu, S, Vallejo, E, Valles, M, Faraggi, M, Sereegotov, E, Ilic, S, Ben-Rais, N, Alaoui, N, Taleb, S, Pa Myo, K, Thu, P, Ghimire, R, Rajbanshi, B, Barneveld, P, Glaudemans, A, Habets, J, Koopmans, K, Manders, J, Pool, S, Scholte, A, Scholtens, A, Slart, R, Thimister, P, Van Asperen, E, Veltman, N, Verschure, D, Wagenaar, N, Edmond, J, Ellis, C, Johnson, K, Keenan, R, Kueh, S, Occleshaw, C, Sasse, A, To, A, Van Pelt, N, Young, C, Cuadra, T, Roque Vanegas, H, Soli, I, Issoufou, D, Ayodele, T, Madu, C, Onimode, Y, Efros-Monsen, E, Forsdahl, S, Hildre Dimmen, J, Jørgensen, A, Krohn, I, Løvhaugen, P, Bråten, A, Al Dhuhli, H, Al Kindi, F, Al-Bulushi, N, Jawa, Z, Tag, N, Afzal, M, Fatima, S, Younis, M, Riaz, M, Saadullah, M, Herrera, Y, Lenturut-Katal, D, Vázquez, M, Ortellado, J, Akhter, A, Cao, D, Cheung, S, Dai, X, Gong, L, Han, D, Hou, Y, Li, C, Li, T, Li, D, Li, S, Liu, J, Liu, H, Ng, M, Sun, K, Tang, G, Wang, J, Wang, X, Wang, Z, Wang, Y, Wu, J, Wu, Z, Xia, L, Xiao, J, Xu, L, Yang, Y, Yin, W, Yu, J, Yuan, L, Zhang, T, Zhang, L, Zhang, Y, Zhang, X, Zhu, L, Alfaro, A, Abrihan, P, Barroso, A, Cruz, E, Gomez, M, Magboo, V, Medina, J, Obaldo, J, Pastrana, D, Pawhay, C, Quinon, A, Tang, J, Tecson, B, Uson, K, Uy, M, Kostkiewicz, M, Kunikowska, J, Bettencourt, N, Cantinho, G, Ferreira, A, Syed, G, Arnous, S, Atyani, S, Byrne, A, Gleeson, T, Kerins, D, Meehan, C, Murphy, D, Murphy, M, Murray, J, O'Brien, J, Bang, J, Bom, H, Cho, S, Hong, C, Jang, S, Jeong, Y, Kang, W, Kim, J, Namgung, C, So, Y, Won, K, Majstorov, V, Vavlukis, M, Salobir, B, Štalc, M, Benedek, T, Benedek, I, Mititelu, R, Stan, C, Ansheles, A, Dariy, O, Drozdova, O, Gagarina, N, Gulyaev, V, Itskovich, I, Karalkin, A, Kokov, A, Migunova, E, Pospelov, V, Ryzhkova, D, Saifullina, G, Sazonova, S, Sergienko, V, Shurupova, I, Trifonova, T, Ussov, W, Vakhromeeva, M, Valiullina, N, Zavadovsky, K, Zhuravlev, K, Okarvi, S, Saranovic, D, Jason See, J, Sekar, R, Yew, M, Vondrak, A, Bejai, S, Bennie, G, Bester, R, Engelbrecht, G, Evbuomwan, O, Gongxeka, H, Vuuren, M, Kaplan, M, Khushica, P, Lakhi, H, Louw, L, Malan, N, Milos, K, Modiselle, M, More, S, Naidoo, M, Scholtz, L, Vangu, M, Aguadé-Bruix, S, Blanco, I, Cabrera, A, Camarero, A, Casáns-Tormo, I, Cuellar-Calabria, H, Flotats, A, Fuentes Cañamero, M, García, M, Jimenez-Heffernan, A, Leta, R, Diaz, J, Lumbreras, L, Marquez-Cabeza, J, Martin, F, Martinez de Alegria, A, Medina, F, Canal, M, Peiro, V, Pubul-Nuñez, V, Rayo Madrid, J, Rey, C, Perez, R, Ruiz, J, Hernández, G, Sevilla, A, Zeidán, N, Nanayakkara, D, Udugama, C, Simonsson, M, Alkadhi, H, Buechel, R, Burger, P, Ceriani, L, De Boeck, B, Gräni, C, Juillet de Saint Lager Lucas, A, Kamani, C, Kawel-Boehm, N, Manka, R, Prior, J, Rominger, A, Vallée, J, Khiewvan, B, Premprabha, T, Thientunyakit, T, Sellem, A, Kir, K, Sayman, H, Sebikali, M, Muyinda, Z, Kmetyuk, Y, Korol, P, Mykhalchenko, O, Pliatsek, V, Satyr, M, Albalooshi, B, Ahmed Hassan, M, Anderson, J, Bedi, P, Biggans, T, Bularga, A, Bull, R, Burgul, R, Carpenter, J, Coles, D, Cusack, D, Deshpande, A, Dougan, J, Fairbairn, T, Farrugia, A, Gopalan, D, Gummow, A, Ramkumar, P, Hamilton, M, Harbinson, M, Hartley, T, Hudson, B, Joshi, N, Kay, M, Kelion, A, Khokhar, A, Kitt, J, Low, C, Mak, S, Marousa, N, Martin, J, Mcalindon, E, Menezes, L, Morgan-Hughes, G, Moss, A, Murray, A, Nicol, E, Patel, D, Peebles, C, Pugliese, F, Luis Rodrigues, J, Rofe, C, Sabharwal, N, Schofield, R, Semple, T, Sharma, N, Strouhal, P, Subedi, D, Topping, W, Tweed, K, Weir-Mccall, J, Abbara, S, Abbasi, T, Abbott, B, Abohashem, S, Abramson, S, Al-Abboud, T, Al-Mallah, M, Almousalli, O, Ananthasubramaniam, K, Kumar, M, Askew, J, Attanasio, L, Balmer-Swain, M, Bayer, R, Bernheim, A, Bhatti, S, Bieging, E, Blankstein, R, Bloom, S, Blue, S, Bluemke, D, Borges, A, Branch, K, Bravo, P, Brothers, J, Budoff, M, Bullock-Palmer, R, Burandt, A, Burke, F, Bush, K, Candela, C, Capasso, E, Cavalcante, J, Chang, D, Chatterjee, S, Chatzizisis, Y, Cheezum, M, Chen, T, Chen, J, Chen, M, Clarcq, J, Cordero, A, Crim, M, Danciu, S, Decter, B, Dhruva, N, Doherty, N, Doukky, R, Dunbar, A, Duvall, W, Edwards, R, Esquitin, K, Farah, H, Fentanes, E, Ferencik, M, Fisher, D, Fitzpatrick, D, Foster, C, Fuisz, T, Gannon, M, Gastner, L, Gerson, M, Ghoshhajra, B, Goldberg, A, Goldner, B, Gonzalez, J, Gore, R, Gracia-López, S, Hage, F, Haider, A, Haider, S, Hamirani, Y, Hassen, K, Hatfield, M, Hawkins, C, Hawthorne, K, Heath, N, Hendel, R, Hernandez, P, Hill, G, Horgan, S, Huffman, J, Hurwitz, L, Iskandrian, A, Janardhanan, R, Jellis, C, Jerome, S, Kalra, D, Kaviratne, S, Kay, F, Kelly, F, Khalique, O, Kinkhabwala, M, Iii, G, Kircher, J, Kirkbride, R, Kontos, M, Kottam, A, Krepp, J, Layer, J, Lee, S, Leppo, J, Lesser, J, Leung, S, Lewin, H, Litmanovich, D, Liu, Y, Magurany, K, Markowitz, J, Marn, A, Matis, S, Mckenna, M, Mcrae, T, Mendoza, F, Merhige, M, Min, D, Moffitt, C, Moncher, K, Moore, W, Morayati, S, Morris, M, Mossa-Basha, M, Mrsic, Z, Murthy, V, Nagpal, P, Napier, K, Nelson, K, Nijjar, P, Osman, M, Passen, E, Patel, A, Patil, P, Paul, R, Phillips, L, Polsani, V, Poludasu, R, Pomerantz, B, Porter, T, Prentice, R, Pursnani, A, Rabbat, M, Ramamurti, S, Rich, F, Luna, H, Robinson, A, Robles, K, Rodríguez, C, Rorie, M, Rumberger, J, Russell, R, Sabra, P, Sadler, D, Schemmer, M, Schoepf, U, Shah, S, Shah, N, Shanbhag, S, Sharma, G, Shayani, S, Shirani, J, Shivaram, P, Sigman, S, Simon, M, Slim, A, Smith, D, Smith, A, Soman, P, Srichai-Parsia, M, Streeter, J, T, A, Tawakol, A, Thomas, D, Thompson, R, Torbet, T, Trinidad, D, Ullery, S, Unzek, S, Uretsky, S, Vallurupalli, S, Verma, V, Waller, A, Wang, E, Ward, P, Weissman, G, Wesbey, G, White, K, Winchester, D, Wolinsky, D, Yost, S, Zgaljardic, M, Alonso, O, Beretta, M, Ferrando, R, Kapitan, M, Mut, F, Djuraev, O, Rozikhodjaeva, G, Le Ngoc, H, Mai, S, and Nguyen, X

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Heart disease, business.industry, cardiac testing, coronavirus, COVID-19, global health, Disease, medicine.disease_cause, medicine.disease, coronaviru, cardiovascular disease, RC666-701, Emergency medicine, Pandemic, medicine, Global health, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, business, Coronavirus
Abstract

Background: The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic significantly affected management of cardiovascular disease around the world. The effect of the pandemic on volume of cardiovascular diagnostic procedures is not known. Objectives: This study sought to evaluate the effects of the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic on cardiovascular diagnostic procedures and safety practices in Asia. Methods: The International Atomic Energy Agency conducted a worldwide survey to assess changes in cardiovascular procedure volume and safety practices caused by COVID-19. Testing volumes were reported for March 2020 and April 2020 and were compared to those from March 2019. Data from 180 centers across 33 Asian countries were grouped into 4 subregions for comparison. Results: Procedure volumes decreased by 47% from March 2019 to March 2020, showing recovery from March 2020 to April 2020 in Eastern Asia, particularly in China. The majority of centers cancelled outpatient activities and increased time per study. Practice changes included implementing physical distancing and restricting visitors. Although COVID testing was not commonly performed, it was conducted in one-third of facilities in Eastern Asia. The most severe reductions in procedure volumes were observed in lower-income countries, where volumes decreased 81% from March 2019 to April 2020. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic in Asia caused significant reductions in cardiovascular diagnostic procedures, particularly in low-income countries. Further studies on effects of COVID-19 on cardiovascular outcomes and changes in care delivery are warranted.

Published
2021

93. Comparing predefined derivatisation parameters for GC-MS analysis of selected organic acids

Author

Vorster, Anri, Jansen van Rensburg, J.P., Louw, L., and 10211705 - Jansen van Rensburg, Petrus Johannes (Supervisor)

Subjects
Silylation, Organic acids, Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Derivatisation, Methoxymation, Microwave-assisted derivatisation
Abstract

MSc (Biochemistry), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus Organic acids are intermediates of numerous biochemical pathways in living organisms. They can be detected in biological fluids which make it possible to obtain a representative profile of the functioning of biochemical pathways. General analysis of these acids is based on their distinguishable chemical properties. Chemically, organic acids refer to water-soluble compounds with one or more carboxylic group and often consist of other functional groups. The analysis of organic acids is commonly used for the diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism, by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), which can be seen as the gold standard method. For GC-MS analysis of organic acids, derivatisation prior to analysis is necessary to improve the volatility, separation, selectivity and thermal stability of the compounds. Silylation is a common derivatisation method for organic acids, however disadvantages such as long incubation periods at high temperatures, lack of repeatability and the formation of multiple derivatives that result in multiple peaks on a chromatogram often occur. Therefore, research into the optimum silylation reaction conditions for organic acids are needed. The aim of this investigation was to compare the outcome of predefined silylation derivatisation parameters required for thermal- and microwave-assisted derivatisation, as a prerequisite for GC-MS analysis of selected organic acids. The organic acids were selected through the consideration of their functional groups and physiological concentration to ensure a representative group of the broad organic acid class. Guided by literature, the silylation conditions included: temperatures (50, 60, 70 and 85 °C) in combination with reaction times (30, 60, 90 and 120 min) and microwave energies (150, 230, 350 and 450 W) in combination with reaction times (1.5, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 min). Organic acid standards were derivatised and analysed using GC-MS in single ion monitoring mode. Data were processed, and statistical comparisons were performed. Coefficient of variance (CV) was used as the main performance criterion in this study and used as a mean to compare the results. Between conventional thermal- and microwave-assisted derivatisation, conventional thermal derivatisation was found to provide lower variation and to be more robust. Further it was found that the use of methoxymation was beneficial for repeatability of some organic acids, making adapted thermal derivatisation the preferred type. Individual organic acids performed differently at temperature, microwave energy and reaction time increments with inconsistent pattern towards higher/lower temperature or microwave energy and longer/shorter reaction time. Derivatisation efficiency was found to be largely influenced by the structure of the compound, with better repeatability when derivatising only carboxyl groups. From all conditions investigated, 60°C for 30 min was identified as the condition within adapted thermal derivatisation to provide the least variation for the included organic acids. For thermal derivatisation the condition at 70°C for 90 min gave the lowest CV values. Microwave-assisted derivatisation resulted in the lowest CV values at 150 W for 1.5 min and for adapted microwave-assisted derivatisation, this was true at 350 W for 3.0 min. This study demonstrates that derivatisation of organic acids should be done with care as the derivatisation parameter intervals (or the exactness thereof) largely influences the repeatability. Masters

Published
2019

94. Machine Learning to Predict Interim Response in Pediatric Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma Using Affordable Blood Tests.

Author

Geel JA, Hramyka A, du Plessis J, Goga Y, Van Zyl A, Hendricks MG, Naidoo T, Mathew R, Louw L, Carr A, Neethling B, Schickerling TM, Omar F, Du Plessis L, Madzhia E, Netshituni V, Eyal K, Ngcana TVZ, Kelsey T, Ballott DE, and Metzger ML

Subjects
Humans, Child, Male, Female, Adolescent, Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography, Hematologic Tests, Child, Preschool, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols therapeutic use, Bleomycin administration & dosage, South Africa, Doxorubicin therapeutic use, Doxorubicin administration & dosage, Hodgkin Disease blood, Hodgkin Disease diagnosis, Hodgkin Disease drug therapy, Machine Learning
Abstract

Purpose: Response assessment of classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) with positron emission tomography-computerized tomography (PET-CT) is standard of care in well-resourced settings but unavailable in most African countries. We aimed to investigate correlations between changes in PET-CT findings at interim analysis with changes in blood test results in pediatric patients with cHL in 17 South African centers., Methods: Changes in ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), albumin, total white cell count (TWC), absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), and absolute eosinophil count were compared with PET-CT Deauville scores (DS) after two cycles of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine in 84 pediatric patients with cHL. DS 1-3 denoted rapid early response (RER) while DS 4-5 denoted slow early response (SER). Missing values were imputed using the k-nearest neighbor algorithm. Baseline and follow-up blood test values were combined into a single difference variable. Data were split into training and testing sets for analysis using Python scikit-learn 1.2.2 with logistic regression, random forests, naïve Bayes, and support vector machine classifiers., Results: Random forest analysis achieved the best validated test accuracy of 73% when predicting RER or SER from blood samples. When applied to the full data set, the optimal model had a predictive accuracy of 80% and a receiver operating characteristic AUC of 89%. The most predictive variable was the differences in ALC, contributing 21% to the model. Differences in ferritin, LDH, and TWC contributed 15%-16%. Differences in ESR, hemoglobin, and albumin contributed 11%-12%., Conclusion: Changes in low-cost, widely available blood tests may predict chemosensitivity for pediatric cHL without access to PET-CT, identifying patients who may not require radiotherapy. Changes in these nonspecific blood tests should be assessed in combination with clinical findings and available imaging to avoid undertreatment.

Published
2024
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95. Guiding principles on the education and practice of theranostics.

Author

Pascual TNB, Paez D, Iagaru A, Gnanasegaran G, Lee ST, Sathekge M, Buatti JM, Giammarile F, Al-Ibraheem A, Pardo MA, Baum RP, De Bari B, Ben-Haim S, Blay JY, Brink A, Estrada-Lobato E, Fanti S, Golubic AT, Hatazawa J, Israel O, Kiess A, Knoll P, Louw L, Mariani G, Mirzaei S, Orellana P, Prior JO, Urbain JL, Vichare S, Vinjamuri S, Virgolini I, and Scott AM

Subjects
Humans, Theranostic Nanomedicine, Curriculum, Nuclear Medicine education
Abstract

Purpose: The recent development and approval of new diagnostic imaging and therapy approaches in the field of theranostics have revolutionised nuclear medicine practice. To ensure the provision of these new imaging and therapy approaches in a safe and high-quality manner, training of nuclear medicine physicians and qualified specialists is paramount. This is required for trainees who are learning theranostics practice, and for ensuring minimum standards for knowledge and competency in existing practising specialists., Methods: To address the need for a training curriculum in theranostics that would be utilised at a global level, a Consultancy Meeting was held at the IAEA in May 2023, with participation by experts in radiopharmaceutical therapy and theranostics including representatives of major international organisations relevant to theranostics practice., Results: Through extensive discussions and review of existing curriculum and guidelines, a harmonised training program for theranostics was developed, which aims to ensure safe and high quality theranostics practice in all countries., Conclusion: The guiding principles for theranostics training outlined in this paper have immediate relevance for the safe and effective practice of theranostics., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Published
2024
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96. Serendipity in oto-rhino-laryngology.

Author

van Andel P, Feenstra L, and Schmidt HG

Subjects
Humans, History, 19th Century, History, 20th Century, Laryngoscopy history, Otolaryngology history
Abstract

Introduction: Serendipitous findings are findings that were initially unsought but nevertheless contribute to the development of the discipline. This article reviews eight serendipitous findings in oto-rhino-laryngology important to its advancement., Method: The following serendipitous findings are discussed: the accidental discovery of the laryngeal mirror and indirect laryngoscopy by Garcia (1854), the invention of direct oesophagoscopy by Kußmaul (circa 1868), Czermák's (1863) development of diaphanoscopy, the unintentional emergence of bronchography from a clinical error made by Weingartner (1914), adenotomy by Meyer (1869), the discovery of the causes of unbalance related to the vestibular nerve by Flourens (1830), Bárány's (1914) finding that the semi-circular canal reflex is involved in equilibrium, and the relationship between gastroesophageal reflux and middle-ear infections by Poelmans and Feenstra (2002)., Discussion: Based on these case studies we conclude that serendipity, defined as the art of making an initially unsought find, does not always appear out of nowhere. Often the researcher is already wrestling with a problem for which the serendipitous finding provides a solution. Sometimes the serendipitous finding enables the application of a known solution to a new problem. And sometimes a serendipitous finding is not recognized as such or considered unimportant. Since observations tend to be theory-loaded, having appropriate background knowledge is a conditio sine qua non to elaborate an unanticipated observation., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Published
2024
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97. Improved survival of children and adolescents with classical Hodgkin lymphoma treated on a harmonised protocol in South Africa.

Author

Geel J, van Zyl A, Plessis JD, Hendricks M, Goga Y, Carr A, Neethling B, Hramyka A, Omar F, Mathew R, Louw L, Naidoo T, Ngcana T, Schickerling T, Netshituni V, Madzhia E, du Plessis L, Kelsey T, Ballot DE, and Metzger ML

Subjects
Humans, Child, Adolescent, South Africa epidemiology, Dacarbazine, Vinblastine, Bleomycin, Doxorubicin, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols adverse effects, Prednisone, Vincristine, Hodgkin Disease drug therapy, Hodgkin Disease pathology, HIV Infections drug therapy
Abstract

Background: Historic South African 5-year overall survival (OS) rates for Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) from 2000 to 2010 were 46% and 84% for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and HIV-negative children, respectively. We investigated whether a harmonised treatment protocol using risk stratification and response-adapted therapy could increase the OS of childhood and adolescent HL., Methods: Seventeen units prospectively enrolled patients less than 18 years, newly diagnosed with classical HL onto a risk-stratified, response-adapted treatment protocol from July 2016 to December 2022. Low- and intermediate-risk patients received four and six courses of adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD), respectively. High-risk patients received two courses of ABVD, followed by four courses of cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone, and dacarbazine (COPDac). Those with a slow early response and bulky disease received consolidation radiotherapy. HIV-positive patients could receive granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and less intensive therapy if stratified as high risk, at the treating clinician's discretion. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to determine 2-year OS and Cox regression to elucidate prognostic factors., Results: The cohort comprised 132 patients (19 HIV-positive, 113 HIV-negative), median age of 9.7 years, with a median follow-up of 2.2 years. Risk grouping comprised nine (7%) low risk, 36 (27%) intermediate risk and 87 (66%) high risk, with 71 (54%) rapid early responders and 45 (34%) slow early responders, and 16 (12%) undocumented. Two-year OS was 100% for low-risk, 93% for intermediate-risk, and 91% for high-risk patients. OS for HIV-negative (93%) and HIV-positive (89%) patients were similar (p = .53). Absolute lymphocyte count greater than 0.6 × 10 9 predicted survival (94% vs. 83%, p = .02)., Conclusion: In the first South African harmonised HL treatment protocol, risk stratification correlated with prognosis. Two-year OS of HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients improved since 2010, partially ascribed to standardised treatment and increased supportive care. This improved survival strengthens the harmonisation movement and gives hope that South Africa will achieve the WHO Global Initiative for Childhood Cancer goals., (© 2023 The Authors. Pediatric Blood & Cancer published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Published
2024
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98. First records of the Pacific sleeper shark Somniosus cf. pacificus in the western tropical Pacific.

Author

Claassens L, Phillips B, Ebert DA, Delaney D, Henning B, Nestor V, Ililau A, and Giddens J

Subjects
Animals, Phylogeny, Melanesia, Pacific Ocean, Dogfish, Sharks
Abstract

Technological advances have enabled the expansion of ocean exploration to include the deep ocean, providing new species observations. Here, the authors present two new observations, captured by deep-sea cameras, of the sleeper shark Somniosus cf. pacificus from the Solomon Islands and Palau. This presents the first observation of S. cf. pacificus in the western Pacific tropics and extends its range about 2000 nautical miles south. The observations presented here provide much-needed information on the range of this species which can help guide future management and conservation actions., (© 2023 The Authors. Journal of Fish Biology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Fisheries Society of the British Isles.)

Published
2023
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99. Point-of-care ultrasound: The new district focus.

Author

Fourie L, Pather MK, and Hendricks G

Subjects
Humans, Point-of-Care Systems, Cross-Sectional Studies, Curriculum, Physicians, Family, Tuberculosis, Internship and Residency
Abstract

Background: Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) improves patient outcomes. The current POCUS curriculum of the Emergency Medicine Society of South Africa is based on guidelines from the United Kingdom with a different burden of disease (BoD) and available resources than encountered locally., Aim: To determine which modules of the POCUS curriculum should be implemented to better equip doctors working at a district hospital in the West Coast District (WCD), South Africa., Setting: Six district hospitals within the WCD., Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey with questionnaires for medical managers (MMs) and medical practitioners (MPs)., Results: A response rate of 78.9% for MPs and 100% for MMs was obtained. MPs rated the following modules of POCUS most relevant to their daily practice: (1) first trimester pregnancy; (2) deep vein thrombosis; (3) extended focused assessment with sonography in trauma; (4) central vascular access; and (5) focused assessment with sonography for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) (FASH)., Conclusion: There is a need for a POCUS curriculum informed by the local pattern of disease. Priority modules were identified based on the local BoD and reported relevance to practice. Despite the availability of ultrasound machines within the WCD, few MPs were accredited and able to perform POCUS independently. There is a need to implement training programmes for medical interns, MPs, family medicine registrars and family physicians working in district hospitals. A relevant curriculum for POCUS training based on the local needs within communities has to be developed.Contribution: This study emphasises the need for a locally informed POCUS curriculum and training programmes.

Published
2023
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100. Theranostic Radiopharmaceuticals: A Universal Challenging Educational Paradigm in Nuclear Medicine.

Author

Urbain JL, Scott AM, Lee ST, Buscombe J, Weston C, Hatazawa J, Kinuya S, Singh B, Haidar M, Ross A, Lamoureux F, Kunikowska J, Wadsak W, Dierckx R, Paez D, Giammarile F, Lee KH, O JH, Moshe M, Louw L, More S, Nadel H, Lee D, and Wahl R

Subjects
Precision Medicine, Radionuclide Imaging, Theranostic Nanomedicine, Radiopharmaceuticals therapeutic use, Nuclear Medicine
Published
2023
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