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543 results on '"Lord, G."'

52. The Musealization of China

Author

Lord, Gail Dexter, Guan, Qiang, An, Laishun, Jimenez, Javier, Lord, G D ( Gail Dexter ), Guan, Q ( Qiang ), An, L ( Laishun ), Jimenez, J ( Javier ), Bollo, Sofia; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7364-3371, Zhang, Yu, Lord, Gail Dexter, Guan, Qiang, An, Laishun, Jimenez, Javier, Lord, G D ( Gail Dexter ), Guan, Q ( Qiang ), An, L ( Laishun ), Jimenez, J ( Javier ), Bollo, Sofia; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7364-3371, and Zhang, Yu

Published
2019

57. T-bet controls intestinal mucosa immune responses via repression of type 2 innate lymphoid cell function

Author

Garrido-Mesa, N., Schroeder, J-H., Stolarczyk, E., Gallagher, A. L., Lo, J. W., Bailey, C., Campbell, L., Sexl, V., Macdonald, T. T., Howard, J. K., Grencis, R. K., Powell, N., and Lord, G. M.

Subjects
Science & Technology, PROMOTES, Immunology, FATE, PROGENITOR, hemic and immune systems, chemical and pharmacologic phenomena, 11 Medical And Health Sciences, TRICHINELLA-SPIRALIS, 06 Biological Sciences, TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR GATA3, DIFFERENTIATION, INFLAMMATION, PROTECTION, TH17, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, biological, SUPPRESSION
Abstract

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) play an important role in regulating immune responses at mucosal surfaces. The transcription factor T-bet is crucial for the function of ILC1s and NCR+ ILC3s and constitutive deletion of T-bet prevents the development of these subsets. Lack of T-bet in the absence of an adaptive immune system causes microbiota-dependent colitis to occur due to aberrant ILC3 responses. Thus, T-bet expression in the innate immune system has been considered to dampen pathogenic immune responses. Here, we show that T-bet plays an unexpected role in negatively regulating innate type 2 responses, in the context of an otherwise intact immune system. Selective loss of T-bet in ILCs leads to the expansion and increased activity of ILC2s, which has a functionally important impact on mucosal immunity, including enhanced protection from Trichinella spiralis infection and inflammatory colitis. Mechanistically, we show that T-bet controls the intestinal ILC pool through regulation of IL-7 receptor signalling. These data demonstrate that T-bet expression in ILCs acts as the key transcriptional checkpoint in regulating pathogenic vs. protective mucosal immune responses, which has significant implications for the understanding of the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases and intestinal infections.

Published
2018

61. Biomarkers of tolerance in kidney transplantation - are we predicting tolerance or response to immunosuppressive treatment?

Author

Rebollo‐Mesa, I., Nova‐Lamperti, E., Mobillo, P., Runglall, M., Christakoudi, S., Norris, S., Smallcombe, N., Kamra, Y., Hilton, R., Bhandari, S., Baker, R., Berglund, D., Carr, S., Game, D., Griffin, S., Kalra, P. A., Lewis, R., Mark, P. B., Marks, S., Macphee, I., McKane, W., Mohaupt, M. G., Pararajasingam, R., Kon, S. P., Serón, D., Sinha, M. D., Tucker, B., Viklický, O., Lechler, R. I., Lord, G. M., and Hernandez‐Fuentes, M. P.

Subjects
Graft Rejection, Male, translational research/science, kidney transplantation/nephrology, Kidney Function Tests, OPERATIONAL TOLERANCE, Risk Factors, molecular biology, Prospective Studies, immunobiology, GENE-EXPRESSION, B-Lymphocytes, tolerance, Graft Survival, SIGNATURE, 11 Medical And Health Sciences, Middle Aged, Clinical Science, Prognosis, RENAL-TRANSPLANT, TNF-ALPHA, REJECTION, B-CELLS, biomarker, Female, Original Article, Transplantation Tolerance, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Immunosuppressive Agents, Glomerular Filtration Rate, Adult, ALLOGRAFT, Indices of Tolerance EU Consortium, kidney (allograft) function/dysfunction, Immune Tolerance, Humans, Aged, Immunosuppression Therapy, Transplantation, Science & Technology, Original Articles, Kidney Transplantation, RECIPIENTS, Case-Control Studies, T-CELLS, Kidney Failure, Chronic, Surgery, Biomarkers, RD, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

We and others have previously described signatures of tolerance in kidney transplantation showing the differential expression of B cell–related genes and the relative expansions of B cell subsets. However, in all of these studies, the index group—namely, the tolerant recipients—were not receiving immunosuppression (IS) treatment, unlike the rest of the comparator groups. We aimed to assess the confounding effect of these regimens and develop a novel IS‐independent signature of tolerance. Analyzing gene expression in three independent kidney transplant patient cohorts (232 recipients and 14 tolerant patients), we have established that the expression of the previously reported signature was biased by IS regimens, which also influenced transitional B cells. We have defined and validated a new gene expression signature that is independent of drug effects and also differentiates tolerant patients from healthy controls (cross‐validated area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] = 0.81). In a prospective cohort, we have demonstrated that the new signature remained stable before and after steroid withdrawal. In addition, we report on a validated and highly accurate gene expression signature that can be reliably used to identify patients suitable for IS reduction (approximately 12% of stable patients), irrespective of the IS drugs they are receiving. Only a similar approach will make the conduct of pilot clinical trials for IS minimization safe and hence allow critical improvements in kidney posttransplant management., The relationship between B cell gene expression and transplantation tolerance is confounded by the effects of immunosuppressive drugs, and correcting for this effect on gene expression is possible, exposing an equally accurate signature of tolerance. See page 3320 for Markmann's editorial.

Published
2016

64. Evidence for three genetic loci involved in both anorexia nervosa risk and variation of body mass index

Author

Hinney, A. (Anke), Kesselmeier, M. (M.), Jall, S. (S.), Volckmar, A.-L. (A. L.), Föcker, M. (M.), Antel, J. (J.), Heid, I.M. (Iris), Winkler, T.W. (Thomas W.), Grant, S.F.A. (S. F.A.), Guo, Y. (Yongli), Bergen, A.W. (Andrew), Grant, S.F.A. (Struan), Berrettini, W. (Wade), Hakonarson, H. (Hakon), Herpertz-Dahlmann, B. (B.), De Zwaan, M. (M.), Herzog, W. (W.), Ehrlich, S.M. (Stefan), Zipfel, S. (S.), Egberts, K. (Karin), Adan, R. (R.), Brandys, M. (M.), Elburg, A.A. (Annemarie) van, Boraska Perica, V. (V.), Müller, T.D., Tschöp, M.H. (M. H.), Zeggini, E. (Eleftheria), Bulik, C.M. (C. M.), Collier, D.A. (David), Scherag, A. (A.), Hebebrand, J. (J.), Tschop, M. (Matthias), Floyd, J. (Jamie), Thornton, L.M. (Laura), Huckins, L.M. (Laura M), Southam, L. (Lorraine), Rayner, N.W. (Nigel William), Tachmazidou, I. (Ioanna), Klump, K.L. (K. L.), Treasure, J. (Janet), Lewis, C.M. (Cathryn), Schmidt, U. (Ulrike), Tozzi, F. (Federica), Iezebrink, K. (Kirsty), Gorwood, P. (Philip), Kas, M.J.H. (Martien), Favaro, A. (Angela), Santonastaso, P. (Paolo), Fernández-Aranda, F. (Fernando), Gratacos, M. (Monica), Rybakowski, F. (Filip), Dmitrzak-Weglarz, M. (Monika), Kaprio, J. (Jaakko), Keski-Rahkonen, A. (Anna), Raevuori-Helkamaa, A. (Anu), Furth, E.F. (Eric) van, Slof-Op’t Landt, M.C.T. (Margarita C. T.), Hudson, J.I. (James I), Knudsen, G.P.S. (Gun Peggy S.), Monteleone, P. (Palmiero), Kaplan, A.S. (Allan S), Karwautz, A. (Andreas), Li, D. (Dong), Komaki, G. (Gen), Ando, T. (Tetsuya), Inoko, H. (Hidetoshi), Esko, T. (T.), Fischer, K. (Krista), Männik, K. (Katrin), Metspalu, A. (Andres), Baker, J.H. (Jessica H), Cone, R.D. (Roger D), Esko, T. (Tõnu), DeSocio, J.E. (Janiece E), Hilliard, C.E. (Christopher E), O’Toole, J.K. (Julie K), Pantel, J. (Jacques), Szatkiewicz, J.P. (Jin P), Taico, C. (Chrysecolla), Zerwas, S. (Stephanie), Trace, S.E. (Sara E), Davis, O.S.P. (Oliver S.), Helder, S. (Sietske), Bühren, K. (Katharina), Burghardt, R. (Roland), Imgart, H. (Hartmut), Scherag, A. (Andre), Boni, C. (Claudette), Ramoz, N. (Nicolas), Versini, A. (Audrey), Danner, U.N. (Unna N), de Kove, C. (Carolien), Hendriks, J. (Judith), Koeleman, B.P.C. (Bobby P. C.), Ophoff, R.A. (Roel), Strengman, E. (Eric), Bruson, A. (Alice), Clementi, M. (Maurizio), Degortes, D. (Daniela), Forzan, M. (Monica), Tenconi, E. (Elena), Docampo, E. (Elisa), Jiménez-Murcia, G.E.S. (Geòrgia Escaramí Susana), Lissowska, J. (Jolanta), Rajewski, A. (Andrzej), Szeszenia-Dabrowska, N. (Neonila), Slopien, A. (Agnieszka), Hauser, J. (J.), Karhunen, L. (Leila), Meulenbelt, I. (Ingrid), Slagboom, P.E. (Eline), Tortorella, A. (Alfonso), Maj, M. (Mario), Dedoussis, G.V. (George), Dedoussis, G.V. (G. V.), Koeleman, B.P.C. (Bobby), Gonidakis, F. (Fragiskos), Tziouvas, K. (Konstantinos), Tsitsika, A. (Artemis), Papezova, H. (Hana), Slachtova, L. (Lenka), Martaskova, D. (Debora), Kennedy, J.L., Levitan, R.D. (Robert D), Yilmaz, Z. (Zeynep), Huemer, J. (Julia), Koubek, D. (Doris), Merl, E. (Elisabeth), Wagner, G. (Gudrun), Lichtenstein, P. (Paul), Breen, G. (Gerome), Cohen-Woods, S. (Sarah), Farmer, A.E. (Anne E), Mcguffin, P. (Peter), Cichon, S. (Sven), Giegling, I. (Ina), Herms, S. (Stefan), Rujescu, D. (Dan), Schreiber, S. (Stefan), Wichmann, H.E. (Heinz Erich), Sladek, R. (Rob), Gambaro, G. (Giovanni), Soranzo, N. (Nicole), Julia, A. (Antonio), Marsal, S. (Sara), Rabionet, R. (Raquel), Gaborieau, V. (Valerie), Dick, D.M. (Danielle), Palotie, A. (A.), Ripatti, S. (Samuli), Widen, E., Espeseth, T. (Thomas), Lundervold, A.J. (Astri), Reinvang, I. (Ivar), Steen, V.M. (Vidar), Le Hellard, S. (Stephanie), Mattingsdal, M. (Morten), Ntalla, I. (Ioanna), Bencko, V. (Vladimir), Foretova, L. (Lenka), Janout, V. (Vladimir), Navratilova, M. (Marie), Pinto, D. (Dalila), Scherer, S.W. (Stephen W), Carlberg, L. (Laura), Schosser, A. (Alexandra), Alfredsson, L. (Lars), Pinto, D. (Duane), Scherer, S.W. (Stephen), Padyukov, L. (Leonid), Finan, C. (Chris), Kalsi, G. (Gursharan), Roberts, M. (Marion), Logan, D.W. (Darren W), Peltonen, L. (Leena Johanna), Ritchie, G.R.S. (Graham R.S.), Barrett, J.C. (Jeffrey), Estivill, X. (Xavier), Sullivan, P.F. (Patrick), Anderson, C.A. (Carl A), McGinnis, R. (Ralph), Sambrook, J. (Jennifer), Stephens, J. (Jonathan), Ouwehand, W.H. (Willem), McArdle, P.F. (P. F.), Ring, S.M. (Susan), Strachan, D.P. (David), Alexander, G. (Graeme), Conlon, P.J. (Peter J), Dominiczak, A. (Anna), Duncanson, A. (Audrey), Padyukov, L. (L.), Langford, C. (Cordelia), Lord, G. (Graham), Conlon, P. (Peter), Sandford, R. (Richard), Sheerin, N. (Neil), Vannberg, F.O. (Frederik O), Blackburn, H. (Hannah), Maxwell, A.P. (A.), Edkins, T. (Ted), Gillman, M.W. (Matthew W.), Gray, E. (Emma), Hunt, S.E. (Sarah E), Nengut, S.-G. (Suna-Gumuscu), Potter, S.C. (Simon), Rich, S.S. (Stephen), Simpkin, D. (Douglas), Whittaker, P. (Pamela), Ang, W.Q. (Wei), Atalay, M. (Mustafa), Beijsterveldt, C.E.M. (Toos) van, Bergen, N. (N.), Benke, K. (K.), Berry, D. (Diane), Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret), Bradfield, J.P. (Jonathan), Charoen, P. (Pimphen), Coin, L. (Lachlan), Cooper, C. (C.), Cousminer, D.L. (Diana), Das, S. (Shikta), Elliott, P. (P.), Evans, D.M. (D. M.), Feenstra, B. (B.), Flexeder, C. (Claudia), Frayling, T.M. (Timothy), Freathy, R.M. (Rachel), Gaillard, R. (R.), Geller, F. (Frank), Groen-Blokhuis, M. (Maria), Goh, L.K. (L. K.), Guxens Junyent, M. (Mònica), Hattersley, A.T. (Andrew), Haworth, C.M.A. (Claire M.), Hadley, D. (D.), Heinrich, J. (J.), Hirschhorn, J.N. (Joel), Hocher, B. (Berthold), Holloway, J.W. (J. W.), Holst, J.J., Hottenga, J.J. (Jouke Jan), Horikoshi, M. (Momoko), Huikari, V. (Ville), Hypponen, E. (E.), Iñiguez, C. (C.), Jaddoe, V.W. (V. W.), Jarvelin, M.R. (M. R.), Kaakinen, M. (M.), Kilpeläinen, T.O. (Tuomas), Hypponen, E. (Elina), Kowgier, M. (Matthew), Lakka, T.A. (Timo), Cooper, C. (Charles), Lange, L.A. (Leslie), Lawlor, D.A. (D. A.), Lehtimäki, T. (Terho), Lewin, A. (Alex), Elliott, P. (Paul), Lindi, V. (Virpi), Maggi, R. (Reedik), Feenstra, B. (Bjarke), McCarthy, M.I. (M. I.), Melbye, M. (Mads), Middeldorp, C.M. (Christel), Millwood, I.Y. (Iona), Mohlke, K.L. (Karen), Mook-Kanamori, D.O. (D. O.), Murray, J.C. (Jeffrey), Nivard, M. (Michel), Nohr, C. (Christian), Oken, E. (Emily), Ong, K.K. (K. K.), O'Reilly, P.F. (P. F.), Palmer, C. (Cameron), Panoutsopoulou, K. (K.), Pararajasingham, J. (Jennifer), Pearson, E.R. (E. R.), Pennell, C.E. (Craig), Power, C. (Christopher), Price, T.S. (Thomas), Prokopenko, I. (Inga), Raitakari, O.T. (O. T.), Rodriguez, A. (A.), Salem, R.M. (Rany), Saw, S.M. (S. M.), Sebert, S. (S.), Siitonen, N. (Niina), Jaddoe, V.W.V. (Vincent), Sørensen, T.I.A. (Thorkild), Sovio, U. (Ulla), Lawlor, D.A. (Debbie), Sunyer, J. (J.), Taal, H.R. (Rob), Teo, Y.Y. (Y. Y.), Thiering, E. (Elisabeth), Tiesler, C. (C.), Timpson, N.J. (Nicholas), Uitterlinden, A.G. (André), Valcárcel, B. (Beatriz), Teo, Y.Y. (Yik Ying), White, S.J. (Stefan), Willemsen, G.A.H.M. (Gonneke), Wilson, J.F. (J. F.), Yaghootkar, H. (H.), Elks, C.E. (Cathy), Perry, J.R. (J. R.), Sulem, P. (Patrick), Chasman, D.I. (Daniel), Franceschini, N. (Nora), He, C. (C.), Lunetta, K.L. (Kathryn), Visser, J.A. (Jenny), Byrne, E.M. (E. M.), Gudbjartsson, D.F. (Daniel), Koller, D.L. (Daniel), Kutalik, Z. (Zoltán), Lin, P. (P.), Mangino, M. (Massimo), Byrne, E.M. (Enda), Smith, A.V. (Albert), Stolk, L. (Lisette), Wingerden, S. (Sophie) van, Zhao, J.H. (J. H.), Albrecht, E. (Eva), Corre, T. (Tanguy), Ingelsson, E. (Erik), Hayward, C. (Caroline), Magnusson, P.K. (Patrik), Smith, A.V. (Davey), Chanock, S.J. (Stephen), Warrington, M. (M.), Zgaga, L. (L.), Alavere, H. (Helene), Amin, N. (Najaf), Aspelund, T. (T.), Ulivi, S. (Shelia), Sunyer, J. (Jordi), Berenson, G. (Gerald), Bergmann, S.M. (Sven), Boerwinkle, E. (E.), Buring, J.E. (Julie), Busonero, F. (F.), Barroso, I.E. (Inês), Chanock, S.J. (S. J.), Warrington, N.M. (Nicole), Couper, D.J. (David), Coviello, A.D. (Andrea), Busonero, F., Faire, U. (Ulf) de, de Geus, E.J. (E. J.), Deloukas, P. (Panagiotis), Döring, A. (Angela), Davey Smith, G. (G.), Adamo, P. (Pio) d', Eiriksdottir, G. (Gudny), Geus, E.J.C. (Eco) de, Hagen, K. (Knut), Ferrucci, L. (L.), Folsom, A.R. (A. R.), Foroud, T. (T.), Garcia, M.E. (M.), Gasparini, P. (P.), Gieger, C. (Christian), Gudnason, V. (V.), Folsom, A.R. (Aaron), Hankinson, S.E. (S. E.), Ferreli, L. (Liana), Gasparini, P. (Paolo), Hernandez, D.G. (Dena), Hofman, A. (Albert), Hu, F.B. (F. B.), Illig, T. (T.), Jarvelin, M.-R. (Marjo-Riitta), Johnson, A.D. (Andrew), Karasik, D. (David), Khaw, K.T. (K. T.), Kiel, D.P. (Douglas P.), Kolcic, I. (Ivana), Kraft, P. (Peter), Launer, L.J. (Lenore), Laven, J.S. (J. S.), Li, S. (S.), Liu, J. (J.), Levy, D. (D.), Martin, N.G. (N. G.), Aspelund, T. (Thor), Nalls, M.A. (Michael), Navarro, P. (Pau), Nelis, M. (M.), Ness, A.R. (A. R.), Boerwinkle, E.A. (Eric), Oostra, B.A. (Ben), Peacock, M. (M.), Pare, G. (Guillame), Parker, A.N. (Alex), Pedersen, N.L. (Nancy), Cornelis, M. (Marilyn), Polasek, O. (Ozren), Plump, A.S. (A. S.), Peacock, M. (Munro), Porcu, E. (Eleonora), Rafnar, T. (Thorunn), Rice, J.P. (John), Rivadeneira, F. (F.), Sala, C. (Cinzia), Salomaa, V. (Veikko), Sanna, S. (Serena), Schlessinger, D. (D.), Scuteri, A. (A.), Segrè, A.V. (Ayellet), Foroud, T. (Tatiana), Srinivasan, S.R. (Sathanur), Tammesoo, M.L. (M. L.), Tikkanen, E. (Emmi), Toniolo, D. (Daniela), Scuteri, A. (Angelo), Tryggvadottir, L. (Laufey), Tyrer, J. (J.), Uda, M. (M.), van Dam, R.M. (R. M.), Meurs, J.B.J. (Joyce) van, Vollenweider, P. (Peter), Waeber, G. (Gérard), Wareham, N.J. (Nick), Waterworth, D. (Dawn), Weedon, M.N. (Michael), Wright, A.F. (Alan), Young, L. (L.), Zhai, G. (G.), Zhuang, W.V. (W. V.), Bierut, L.J. (L. J.), Boyd, H.A. (H. A.), Crisponi, L. (Laura), Demerath, E.W. (E. W.), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Econs, M.J. (M. J.), Harris, T.B. (Tamara), Bierut, L.J. (Laura), Loos, R.J.F. (Ruth), Ridker, P.M. (Paul), Demerath, E.W. (Ellen), Streeten, E.A. (Elizabeth), Econs, M.J. (Michael), Thorsteinsdottir, U. (Unnur), Widen, E. (E.), Murabito, J. (Joanne), Ness, A.R. (Andrew), Spector, T.D. (Timothy), Crawford, S. (Steve), Crow, S. (Scott), Fichter, M.M. (M. M.), Halmi, K.A. (K. A.), Palotie, A. (Aarno), La Via, M. (Maria), Mitchell, J. (James), Strober, M. (Michael), Rotondo, A. (Alessandro), Woodside, D.B. (D Blake), Keel, P. (Pamela), Lilenfeld, L. (Lisa), Rivadeneira Ramirez, F. (Fernando), Magistretti, P. (Pierre), Montgomery, G.W. (G. W.), Hinney, A. (Anke), Kesselmeier, M. (M.), Jall, S. (S.), Volckmar, A.-L. (A. L.), Föcker, M. (M.), Antel, J. (J.), Heid, I.M. (Iris), Winkler, T.W. (Thomas W.), Grant, S.F.A. (S. F.A.), Guo, Y. (Yongli), Bergen, A.W. (Andrew), Grant, S.F.A. (Struan), Berrettini, W. (Wade), Hakonarson, H. (Hakon), Herpertz-Dahlmann, B. (B.), De Zwaan, M. (M.), Herzog, W. (W.), Ehrlich, S.M. (Stefan), Zipfel, S. (S.), Egberts, K. (Karin), Adan, R. (R.), Brandys, M. (M.), Elburg, A.A. (Annemarie) van, Boraska Perica, V. (V.), Müller, T.D., Tschöp, M.H. (M. H.), Zeggini, E. (Eleftheria), Bulik, C.M. (C. M.), Collier, D.A. (David), Scherag, A. (A.), Hebebrand, J. (J.), Tschop, M. (Matthias), Floyd, J. (Jamie), Thornton, L.M. (Laura), Huckins, L.M. (Laura M), Southam, L. (Lorraine), Rayner, N.W. (Nigel William), Tachmazidou, I. (Ioanna), Klump, K.L. (K. L.), Treasure, J. (Janet), Lewis, C.M. (Cathryn), Schmidt, U. (Ulrike), Tozzi, F. (Federica), Iezebrink, K. (Kirsty), Gorwood, P. (Philip), Kas, M.J.H. (Martien), Favaro, A. (Angela), Santonastaso, P. (Paolo), Fernández-Aranda, F. (Fernando), Gratacos, M. (Monica), Rybakowski, F. (Filip), Dmitrzak-Weglarz, M. (Monika), Kaprio, J. (Jaakko), Keski-Rahkonen, A. (Anna), Raevuori-Helkamaa, A. (Anu), Furth, E.F. (Eric) van, Slof-Op’t Landt, M.C.T. (Margarita C. T.), Hudson, J.I. (James I), Knudsen, G.P.S. (Gun Peggy S.), Monteleone, P. (Palmiero), Kaplan, A.S. (Allan S), Karwautz, A. (Andreas), Li, D. (Dong), Komaki, G. (Gen), Ando, T. (Tetsuya), Inoko, H. (Hidetoshi), Esko, T. (T.), Fischer, K. (Krista), Männik, K. (Katrin), Metspalu, A. (Andres), Baker, J.H. (Jessica H), Cone, R.D. (Roger D), Esko, T. (Tõnu), DeSocio, J.E. (Janiece E), Hilliard, C.E. (Christopher E), O’Toole, J.K. (Julie K), Pantel, J. (Jacques), Szatkiewicz, J.P. (Jin P), Taico, C. (Chrysecolla), Zerwas, S. (Stephanie), Trace, S.E. (Sara E), Davis, O.S.P. (Oliver S.), Helder, S. (Sietske), Bühren, K. (Katharina), Burghardt, R. (Roland), Imgart, H. (Hartmut), Scherag, A. (Andre), Boni, C. (Claudette), Ramoz, N. (Nicolas), Versini, A. (Audrey), Danner, U.N. (Unna N), de Kove, C. (Carolien), Hendriks, J. (Judith), Koeleman, B.P.C. (Bobby P. C.), Ophoff, R.A. (Roel), Strengman, E. (Eric), Bruson, A. (Alice), Clementi, M. (Maurizio), Degortes, D. (Daniela), Forzan, M. (Monica), Tenconi, E. (Elena), Docampo, E. (Elisa), Jiménez-Murcia, G.E.S. (Geòrgia Escaramí Susana), Lissowska, J. (Jolanta), Rajewski, A. (Andrzej), Szeszenia-Dabrowska, N. (Neonila), Slopien, A. (Agnieszka), Hauser, J. (J.), Karhunen, L. (Leila), Meulenbelt, I. (Ingrid), Slagboom, P.E. (Eline), Tortorella, A. (Alfonso), Maj, M. (Mario), Dedoussis, G.V. (George), Dedoussis, G.V. (G. V.), Koeleman, B.P.C. (Bobby), Gonidakis, F. (Fragiskos), Tziouvas, K. (Konstantinos), Tsitsika, A. (Artemis), Papezova, H. (Hana), Slachtova, L. (Lenka), Martaskova, D. (Debora), Kennedy, J.L., Levitan, R.D. (Robert D), Yilmaz, Z. (Zeynep), Huemer, J. (Julia), Koubek, D. (Doris), Merl, E. (Elisabeth), Wagner, G. (Gudrun), Lichtenstein, P. (Paul), Breen, G. (Gerome), Cohen-Woods, S. (Sarah), Farmer, A.E. (Anne E), Mcguffin, P. (Peter), Cichon, S. (Sven), Giegling, I. (Ina), Herms, S. (Stefan), Rujescu, D. (Dan), Schreiber, S. (Stefan), Wichmann, H.E. (Heinz Erich), Sladek, R. (Rob), Gambaro, G. (Giovanni), Soranzo, N. (Nicole), Julia, A. (Antonio), Marsal, S. (Sara), Rabionet, R. (Raquel), Gaborieau, V. (Valerie), Dick, D.M. (Danielle), Palotie, A. (A.), Ripatti, S. (Samuli), Widen, E., Espeseth, T. (Thomas), Lundervold, A.J. (Astri), Reinvang, I. (Ivar), Steen, V.M. (Vidar), Le Hellard, S. (Stephanie), Mattingsdal, M. (Morten), Ntalla, I. (Ioanna), Bencko, V. (Vladimir), Foretova, L. (Lenka), Janout, V. (Vladimir), Navratilova, M. (Marie), Pinto, D. (Dalila), Scherer, S.W. (Stephen W), Carlberg, L. (Laura), Schosser, A. (Alexandra), Alfredsson, L. (Lars), Pinto, D. (Duane), Scherer, S.W. (Stephen), Padyukov, L. (Leonid), Finan, C. (Chris), Kalsi, G. (Gursharan), Roberts, M. (Marion), Logan, D.W. (Darren W), Peltonen, L. (Leena Johanna), Ritchie, G.R.S. (Graham R.S.), Barrett, J.C. (Jeffrey), Estivill, X. (Xavier), Sullivan, P.F. (Patrick), Anderson, C.A. (Carl A), McGinnis, R. (Ralph), Sambrook, J. (Jennifer), Stephens, J. (Jonathan), Ouwehand, W.H. (Willem), McArdle, P.F. (P. F.), Ring, S.M. (Susan), Strachan, D.P. (David), Alexander, G. (Graeme), Conlon, P.J. (Peter J), Dominiczak, A. (Anna), Duncanson, A. (Audrey), Padyukov, L. (L.), Langford, C. (Cordelia), Lord, G. (Graham), Conlon, P. (Peter), Sandford, R. (Richard), Sheerin, N. (Neil), Vannberg, F.O. (Frederik O), Blackburn, H. (Hannah), Maxwell, A.P. (A.), Edkins, T. (Ted), Gillman, M.W. (Matthew W.), Gray, E. (Emma), Hunt, S.E. (Sarah E), Nengut, S.-G. (Suna-Gumuscu), Potter, S.C. (Simon), Rich, S.S. (Stephen), Simpkin, D. (Douglas), Whittaker, P. (Pamela), Ang, W.Q. (Wei), Atalay, M. (Mustafa), Beijsterveldt, C.E.M. (Toos) van, Bergen, N. (N.), Benke, K. (K.), Berry, D. (Diane), Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret), Bradfield, J.P. (Jonathan), Charoen, P. (Pimphen), Coin, L. (Lachlan), Cooper, C. (C.), Cousminer, D.L. (Diana), Das, S. (Shikta), Elliott, P. (P.), Evans, D.M. (D. M.), Feenstra, B. (B.), Flexeder, C. (Claudia), Frayling, T.M. (Timothy), Freathy, R.M. (Rachel), Gaillard, R. (R.), Geller, F. (Frank), Groen-Blokhuis, M. (Maria), Goh, L.K. (L. K.), Guxens Junyent, M. (Mònica), Hattersley, A.T. (Andrew), Haworth, C.M.A. (Claire M.), Hadley, D. (D.), Heinrich, J. (J.), Hirschhorn, J.N. (Joel), Hocher, B. (Berthold), Holloway, J.W. (J. W.), Holst, J.J., Hottenga, J.J. (Jouke Jan), Horikoshi, M. (Momoko), Huikari, V. (Ville), Hypponen, E. (E.), Iñiguez, C. (C.), Jaddoe, V.W. (V. W.), Jarvelin, M.R. (M. R.), Kaakinen, M. (M.), Kilpeläinen, T.O. (Tuomas), Hypponen, E. (Elina), Kowgier, M. (Matthew), Lakka, T.A. (Timo), Cooper, C. (Charles), Lange, L.A. (Leslie), Lawlor, D.A. (D. A.), Lehtimäki, T. (Terho), Lewin, A. (Alex), Elliott, P. (Paul), Lindi, V. (Virpi), Maggi, R. (Reedik), Feenstra, B. (Bjarke), McCarthy, M.I. (M. I.), Melbye, M. (Mads), Middeldorp, C.M. (Christel), Millwood, I.Y. (Iona), Mohlke, K.L. (Karen), Mook-Kanamori, D.O. (D. O.), Murray, J.C. (Jeffrey), Nivard, M. (Michel), Nohr, C. (Christian), Oken, E. (Emily), Ong, K.K. (K. K.), O'Reilly, P.F. (P. F.), Palmer, C. (Cameron), Panoutsopoulou, K. (K.), Pararajasingham, J. (Jennifer), Pearson, E.R. (E. R.), Pennell, C.E. (Craig), Power, C. (Christopher), Price, T.S. (Thomas), Prokopenko, I. (Inga), Raitakari, O.T. (O. T.), Rodriguez, A. (A.), Salem, R.M. (Rany), Saw, S.M. (S. M.), Sebert, S. (S.), Siitonen, N. (Niina), Jaddoe, V.W.V. (Vincent), Sørensen, T.I.A. (Thorkild), Sovio, U. (Ulla), Lawlor, D.A. (Debbie), Sunyer, J. (J.), Taal, H.R. (Rob), Teo, Y.Y. (Y. Y.), Thiering, E. (Elisabeth), Tiesler, C. (C.), Timpson, N.J. (Nicholas), Uitterlinden, A.G. (André), Valcárcel, B. (Beatriz), Teo, Y.Y. (Yik Ying), White, S.J. (Stefan), Willemsen, G.A.H.M. (Gonneke), Wilson, J.F. (J. F.), Yaghootkar, H. (H.), Elks, C.E. (Cathy), Perry, J.R. (J. R.), Sulem, P. (Patrick), Chasman, D.I. (Daniel), Franceschini, N. (Nora), He, C. (C.), Lunetta, K.L. (Kathryn), Visser, J.A. (Jenny), Byrne, E.M. (E. M.), Gudbjartsson, D.F. (Daniel), Koller, D.L. (Daniel), Kutalik, Z. (Zoltán), Lin, P. (P.), Mangino, M. (Massimo), Byrne, E.M. (Enda), Smith, A.V. (Albert), Stolk, L. (Lisette), Wingerden, S. (Sophie) van, Zhao, J.H. (J. H.), Albrecht, E. (Eva), Corre, T. (Tanguy), Ingelsson, E. (Erik), Hayward, C. (Caroline), Magnusson, P.K. (Patrik), Smith, A.V. (Davey), Chanock, S.J. (Stephen), Warrington, M. (M.), Zgaga, L. (L.), Alavere, H. (Helene), Amin, N. (Najaf), Aspelund, T. (T.), Ulivi, S. (Shelia), Sunyer, J. (Jordi), Berenson, G. (Gerald), Bergmann, S.M. (Sven), Boerwinkle, E. (E.), Buring, J.E. (Julie), Busonero, F. (F.), Barroso, I.E. (Inês), Chanock, S.J. (S. J.), Warrington, N.M. (Nicole), Couper, D.J. (David), Coviello, A.D. (Andrea), Busonero, F., Faire, U. (Ulf) de, de Geus, E.J. (E. J.), Deloukas, P. (Panagiotis), Döring, A. (Angela), Davey Smith, G. (G.), Adamo, P. (Pio) d', Eiriksdottir, G. (Gudny), Geus, E.J.C. (Eco) de, Hagen, K. (Knut), Ferrucci, L. (L.), Folsom, A.R. (A. R.), Foroud, T. (T.), Garcia, M.E. (M.), Gasparini, P. (P.), Gieger, C. (Christian), Gudnason, V. (V.), Folsom, A.R. (Aaron), Hankinson, S.E. (S. E.), Ferreli, L. (Liana), Gasparini, P. (Paolo), Hernandez, D.G. (Dena), Hofman, A. (Albert), Hu, F.B. (F. B.), Illig, T. (T.), Jarvelin, M.-R. (Marjo-Riitta), Johnson, A.D. (Andrew), Karasik, D. (David), Khaw, K.T. (K. T.), Kiel, D.P. (Douglas P.), Kolcic, I. (Ivana), Kraft, P. (Peter), Launer, L.J. (Lenore), Laven, J.S. (J. S.), Li, S. (S.), Liu, J. (J.), Levy, D. (D.), Martin, N.G. (N. G.), Aspelund, T. (Thor), Nalls, M.A. (Michael), Navarro, P. (Pau), Nelis, M. (M.), Ness, A.R. (A. R.), Boerwinkle, E.A. (Eric), Oostra, B.A. (Ben), Peacock, M. (M.), Pare, G. (Guillame), Parker, A.N. (Alex), Pedersen, N.L. (Nancy), Cornelis, M. (Marilyn), Polasek, O. (Ozren), Plump, A.S. (A. S.), Peacock, M. (Munro), Porcu, E. (Eleonora), Rafnar, T. (Thorunn), Rice, J.P. (John), Rivadeneira, F. (F.), Sala, C. (Cinzia), Salomaa, V. (Veikko), Sanna, S. (Serena), Schlessinger, D. (D.), Scuteri, A. (A.), Segrè, A.V. (Ayellet), Foroud, T. (Tatiana), Srinivasan, S.R. (Sathanur), Tammesoo, M.L. (M. L.), Tikkanen, E. (Emmi), Toniolo, D. (Daniela), Scuteri, A. (Angelo), Tryggvadottir, L. (Laufey), Tyrer, J. (J.), Uda, M. (M.), van Dam, R.M. (R. M.), Meurs, J.B.J. (Joyce) van, Vollenweider, P. (Peter), Waeber, G. (Gérard), Wareham, N.J. (Nick), Waterworth, D. (Dawn), Weedon, M.N. (Michael), Wright, A.F. (Alan), Young, L. (L.), Zhai, G. (G.), Zhuang, W.V. (W. V.), Bierut, L.J. (L. J.), Boyd, H.A. (H. A.), Crisponi, L. (Laura), Demerath, E.W. (E. W.), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Econs, M.J. (M. J.), Harris, T.B. (Tamara), Bierut, L.J. (Laura), Loos, R.J.F. (Ruth), Ridker, P.M. (Paul), Demerath, E.W. (Ellen), Streeten, E.A. (Elizabeth), Econs, M.J. (Michael), Thorsteinsdottir, U. (Unnur), Widen, E. (E.), Murabito, J. (Joanne), Ness, A.R. (Andrew), Spector, T.D. (Timothy), Crawford, S. (Steve), Crow, S. (Scott), Fichter, M.M. (M. M.), Halmi, K.A. (K. A.), Palotie, A. (Aarno), La Via, M. (Maria), Mitchell, J. (James), Strober, M. (Michael), Rotondo, A. (Alessandro), Woodside, D.B. (D Blake), Keel, P. (Pamela), Lilenfeld, L. (Lisa), Rivadeneira Ramirez, F. (Fernando), Magistretti, P. (Pierre), and Montgomery, G.W. (G. W.)

Abstract

The maintenance of normal body weight is disrupted in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) for prolonged periods of time. Prior to the onset of AN, premorbid body mass index (BMI) spans the entire range from underweight to obese. After recovery, patients have reduced rates of overweight and obesity. As such, loci involved in body weight regulation may also be relevant for AN and vice versa. Our primary analysis comprised a cross-trait analysis of the 1000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with the lowest P-values in a genome-wide association meta-analysis (GWAMA) of AN (GCAN) for evidence of association in the largest published GWAMA for BMI (GIANT). Subsequently we performed sex-stratified analyses for these 1000 SNPs. Functional ex vivo studies on four genes ensued. Lastly, a look-up of GWAMA-derived BMI-related loci was performed in the AN GWAMA. We detected significant associations (P-values <5 × 10-5, Bonferroni-corrected P<0.05) for nine SNP alleles at three independent loci. Interestingly, all AN susceptibility alleles were consistently associated with increased BMI. None of the genes (chr. 10: CTBP2, chr. 19: CCNE1, chr. 2: CARF and NBEAL1; the latter is a region with high linkage disequilibrium) nearest to these SNPs has previously been associated with AN or obesity. Sex-stratified analyses revealed that the strongest BMI signal originated predominantly from females (chr. 10 rs1561589; Poverall: 2.47 × 10-06/Pfemales: 3.45 × 10-07/Pmales: 0.043). Functional ex vivo studies in mice revealed reduced hypothalamic expression of Ctbp2 and Nbeal1 after fasting. Hypothalamic expression of Ctbp2 was increased in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice as compared with age-matched lean controls. We observed no evidence for associations for the look-up of BMI-related loci in the AN GWAMA. A cross-trait analysis of AN and BMI loci revealed variants at three chromosomal loci with potential joint impact. The chromosome 10 locus is particularly promising given that the associa

Published
2017
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65. The French budgetary process

Author

Lord, G and Lord, Guy

Subjects
Budget, France
Abstract

The budgetary process has recently attracted far less attention than the Plan and with a few notable exceptions, students of politics have shown little interest in the budgetary process. In France the budget is still the preserve of a few experts in the Faculties of Law whose research, however, is chiefly concerned with the legal aspects of the process and pays little attention to its administrative and political implications. Some have also argued that with the development of a sophisticated planning machinery the budgetary process loses most of its previous importance as a process for the taking of crucial economic and political decisions. Although it is true that the existence of the Plan has far reaching and complex repercussions on the Government bugetary policy - some of which are mentioned in the thesis - it remains that in France the Plan is not a substitute for the budget. Indeed, from the point of view of the Government, the budget is still the main and in many cases the only channel for the enactment of policies both at the governmental and parliamentary levels. The Plan's objectives can be achieved only if the policies of the annual budgets are in accordance with them. Hence, when the budget is prepared and discussed participants are conscious that much is still at stake. The aim of the thesis is to describe the French budgetary process as it operates today: how economic and financial decisions are made in the framework of that process. Who intervenes, when and for what purposes? The budgetary process needs to be approached as an administrative and governmental decision making process rather than a purely legislative or accounting process. We do not neglect the latter aspects but we consider that, in France as in many other countries, budgeting is more concerned with the question of how to take the right economic and financial decisions than with the question as to whether public funds are spent according to appropriations. Hence, our approach differs from that of most French writers who start with the assumption - legally correct - that the budget is decided in Parliament and then conclude, comparing the IVth and the Vth Republics that Parliament has lese decision making power now than under the previous Republic. As a result, they neglect the administrative and governmental parts of the process and these are now, as in England, the crucial ones. We do not pretend to be in a position to unveil every decision in the administrative and governmental stages for this is largely an internal process. But, mainly because civil servants and parliamentarians have shown great understanding for our research, we hope to have been able to make some inway into it. In some cases we have had to rely on a limited amount of information and some iinterpretations may well appear as tentative, but as G. Devaux, a former Head of the Budget Division aad author of a revealing book on the French financial administration has remarked: "Je cours le risque d'être accusé d'interpréter l'histoire. Mais je crois que les erreurs historiques les plus lourdes sont commises par ceux qui se dérobent a toute tentative d'interprétation". Budgeting is a traditional function of the State. It has given rise to well entrenched rules and habits. The progressive evolution and transformation of the budgetary process as well ae the impact of the reforms of the Vth Republic can only be understood in their historical context. Budgeting takes place within a legal and constitutional framework, for unlike planning, the budgetary process is by tradition a formal process. For example, decisions must be taken within precise constitutional time limits and must be expressed by way of well defined words and figures. These rules are known to civil servants, parliamentarians, interest groups, etc. and their skillful use may put some participants in a better position to influence decisions. Moreover, some of these rules (annuality, equilibrium of the budget, etc.) are the object of much controversy and political discussion. Occasionally, we deal with some of these questions for they deepen an understanding not only of the budgetary process but also of French politics. The process itself consists in the annual exercise of drafting and voting the budget. It is therefore necessary to follow the budget through its various stages, from the first tentative projection to the final version as approved by Parliament, and to describe the nature and functions of the various bodies which intervene in the making of the budget, during its elaboration and vote. Many jurists and economists tend to forget that budgetary decisions are answers to central political questions -"who gets what and how". However, when the budget is prepared and discussed, participants in the process fight hard either to get the funds they need for the initiation and continuation of the policies they are interested in or, as in the case of the Ministry of Finance, to maintain their control over Government activities. To see how the process looks from the inside we have interviewed more than sixty participants in the budgetary process to discover their aims, attitudes and strategies - officers of spending ministries, staff of various Division in the Ministry of Finance (particularly in the Budget Division and cabinet of the Minister of Finance), officers of the Planning Commissariat, advisers in the offices of the Prime Minister and the President, parliamentary staff and parliamentarians. We have been allowed to consult files at the Division of the Budget, in the cabinet of the Minister of Finance, and even at the Elysée, as well as in the parliamentary committees. Some of this information is secret, but we have reproduced some confidential documents in the appendix. Finally, since bugeting is an annual process, there is something to be learned from a case study of one budget. The last chapter traces the administrative, governmental and parliamentary progress of the 1967 budget. It shows how the system works when a particular budget has to be prepared and voted aud illustrates several aspects of our earlier analysis. It also deals more fully with the parliamentary stage of the budgetary process. We hope therefore, for the first time in any language, to have shown how the French budgetary process actually works as an exercise in executive and administrative decision making, how the institutions of the Vth Republic really function in this central matter of Government and how it looks to those actively engaged in the process itself.

Published
2016

67. A genome-wide association study of anorexia nervosa

Author

Boraska, V. Franklin, C.S. Floyd, J.A.B. Thornton, L.M. Huckins, L.M. Southam, L. Rayner, N.W. Tachmazidou, I. Klump, K.L. Treasure, J. Lewis, C.M. Schmidt, U. Tozzi, F. Kiezebrink, K. Hebebrand, J. Gorwood, P. Adan, R.A.H. Kas, M.J.H. Favaro, A. Santonastaso, P. Fernández-Aranda, F. Gratacos, M. Rybakowski, F. Dmitrzak-Weglarz, M. Kaprio, J. Keski-Rahkonen, A. Raevuori, A. Van Furth, E.F. Slof-Op 't Landt, M.C.T. Hudson, J.I. Reichborn-Kjennerud, T. Knudsen, G.P.S. Monteleone, P. Kaplan, A.S. Karwautz, A. Hakonarson, H. Berrettini, W.H. Guo, Y. Li, D. Schork, N.J. Komaki, G. Ando, T. Inoko, H. Esko, T. Fischer, K. Männik, K. Metspalu, A. Baker, J.H. Cone, R.D. Dackor, J. DeSocio, J.E. Hilliard, C.E. O'Toole, J.K. Pantel, J. Szatkiewicz, J.P. Taico, C. Zerwas, S. Trace, S.E. Davis, O.S.P. Helder, S. Bühren, K. Burghardt, R. De Zwaan, M. Egberts, K. Ehrlich, S. Herpertz-Dahlmann, B. Herzog, W. Imgart, H. Scherag, A. Scherag, S. Zipfel, S. Boni, C. Ramoz, N. Versini, A. Brandys, M.K. Danner, U.N. De Kovel, C. Hendriks, J. Koeleman, B.P.C. Ophoff, R.A. Strengman, E. Van Elburg, A.A. Bruson, A. Clementi, M. Degortes, D. Forzan, M. Tenconi, E. Docampo, E. Escaramís, G. Jiménez-Murcia, S. Lissowska, J. Rajewski, A. Szeszenia-Dabrowska, N. Slopien, A. Hauser, J. Karhunen, L. Meulenbelt, I. Slagboom, P.E. Tortorella, A. Maj, M. Dedoussis, G. Dikeos, D. Gonidakis, F. Tziouvas, K. Tsitsika, A. Papezova, H. Slachtova, L. Martaskova, D. Kennedy, J.L. Levitan, R.D. Yilmaz, Z. Huemer, J. Koubek, D. Merl, E. Wagner, G. Lichtenstein, P. Breen, G. Cohen-Woods, S. Farmer, A. McGuffin, P. Cichon, S. Giegling, I. Herms, S. Rujescu, D. Schreiber, S. Wichmann, H.-E. Dina, C. Sladek, R. Gambaro, G. Soranzo, N. Julia, A. Marsal, S. Rabionet, R. Gaborieau, V. Dick, D.M. Palotie, A. Ripatti, S. Widén, E. Andreassen, O.A. Espeseth, T. Lundervold, A. Reinvang, I. Steen, V.M. Le Hellard, S. Mattingsdal, M. Ntalla, I. Bencko, V. Foretova, L. Janout, V. Navratilova, M. Gallinger, S. Pinto, D. Scherer, S.W. Aschauer, H. Carlberg, L. Schosser, A. Alfredsson, L. Ding, B. Klareskog, L. Padyukov, L. Courtet, P. Guillaume, S. Jaussent, I. Finan, C. Kalsi, G. Roberts, M. Logan, D.W. Peltonen, L. Ritchie, G.R.S. Barrett, J.C. Anderson, C.A. McGinnis, R. Zeggini, E. Sambrook, J. Stephens, J. Ouwehand, W.H. McArdle, W.L. Ring, S.M. Strachan, D.P. Alexander, G. Bulik, C.M. Collier, D.A. Conlon, P.J. Dominiczak, A. Duncanson, A. Hill, A. Langford, C. Lord, G. Maxwell, A.P. Morgan, L. Sandford, R.N. Sheerin, N. Vannberg, F.O. Blackburn, H. Chen, W.-M. Edkins, S. Gillman, M. Gray, E. Hunt, S.E. Onengut-Gumuscu, S. Potter, S. Rich, S.S. Simpkin, D. Whittaker, P. Estivill, X. Hinney, A. Sullivan, P.F. The Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium 3

Abstract

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a complex and heritable eating disorder characterized by dangerously low body weight. Neither candidate gene studies nor an initial genome-wide association study (GWAS) have yielded significant and replicated results. We performed a GWAS in 2907 cases with AN from 14 countries (15 sites) and 14 860 ancestrally matched controls as part of the Genetic Consortium for AN (GCAN) and the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium 3 (WTCCC3). Individual association analyses were conducted in each stratum and meta-analyzed across all 15 discovery data sets. Seventy-six (72 independent) single nucleotide polymorphisms were taken forward for in silico (two data sets) or de novo (13 data sets) replication genotyping in 2677 independent AN cases and 8629 European ancestry controls along with 458 AN cases and 421 controls from Japan. The final global meta-analysis across discovery and replication data sets comprised 5551 AN cases and 21 080 controls. AN subtype analyses (1606 AN restricting; 1445 AN binge-purge) were performed. No findings reached genome-wide significance. Two intronic variants were suggestively associated: rs9839776 (P = 3.01 × 10-7) in SOX2OT and rs17030795 (P = 5.84 × 10-6) in PPP3CA. Two additional signals were specific to Europeans: rs1523921 (P = 5.76 × 10-6) between CUL3 and FAM124B and rs1886797 (P = 8.05 × 10-6) near SPATA13. Comparing discovery with replication results, 76% of the effects were in the same direction, an observation highly unlikely to be due to chance (P = 4 × 10-6), strongly suggesting that true findings exist but our sample, the largest yet reported, was underpowered for their detection. The accrual of large genotyped AN case-control samples should be an immediate priority for the field. © 2014 Macmillan Publishers Limited All rights reserved.

Published
2014

68. Using ancestry-informative markers to identify fine structure across 15 populations of European origin

Author

Huckins, L.M. Boraska, V. Franklin, C.S. Floyd, J.A.B. Southam, L. Sullivan, P.F. Bulik, C.M. Collier, D.A. Tyler-Smith, C. Zeggini, E. Tachmazidou, I. Thornton, L.M. William Rayner, N. Klump, K.L. Treasure, J. Schmidt, U. Tozzi, F. Kiezebrink, K. Hebebrand, J. Gorwood, P. Adan, R.A.H. Kas, M.J.H. Favaro, A. Santonastaso, P. Fernández-Aranda, F. Gratacos, M. Rybakowski, F. Dmitrzak-Weglarz, M. Kaprio, J. Keski-Rahkonen, A. Raevuori, A. Van Furth, E.F. Slof-Op t Landt, M.C.T. Hudson, J.I. Reichborn-Kjennerud, T. Knudsen, G.P.S. Monteleone, P. Kaplan, A.S. Karwautz, A. Hakonarson, H. Berrettini, W.H. Guo, Y. Li, D. Schork, N.J. Komaki, G. Ando, T. Inoko, H. Esko, T. Fischer, K. Männik, K. Metspalu, A. Baker, J.H. Cone, R.D. Dackor, J. DeSocio, J.E. Hilliard, C.E. O'Toole, J.K. Pantel, J. Szatkiewicz, J.P. Taico, C. Zerwas, S. Trace, S.E. Davis, O.S.P. Helder, S. Bühren, K. Burghardt, R. de Zwaan, M. Egberts, K. Ehrlich, S. Herpertz-Dahlmann, B. Herzog, W. Imgart, H. Scherag, S. Zipfel, S. Boni, C. Ramoz, N. Versini, A. Brandys, M.K. Danner, U.N. de Kovel, C. Hendriks, J. Koeleman, B.P.C. Ophoff, R.A. Strengman, E. van Elburg, A.A. Bruson, A. Clementi, M. Degortes, D. Forzan, M. Tenconi, E. Docampo, E. Escaramís, G. Jiménez-Murcia, S. Lissowska, J. Rajewski, A. Szeszenia-Dabrowska, N. Slopien, A. Hauser, J. Karhunen, L. Meulenbelt, I. Slagboom, P.E. Tortorella, A. Maj, M. Dedoussis, G. Dikeos, D. Gonidakis, F. Tziouvas, K. Tsitsika, A. Papezova, H. Slachtova, L. Martaskova, D. Kennedy, J.L. Levitan, R.D. Yilmaz, Z. Huemer, J. Koubek, D. Merl, E. Wagner, G. Lichtenstein, P. Breen, G. Cohen-Woods, S. Farmer, A. McGuffin, P. Cichon, S. Giegling, I. Herms, S. Rujescu, D. Schreiber, S. Wichmann, H.-E. Dina, C. Sladek, R. Gambaro, G. Soranzo, N. Julia, A. Marsal, S. Rabionet, R. Gaborieau, V. Dick, D.M. Palotie, A. Ripatti, S. Widén, E. Andreassen, O.A. Espeseth, T. Lundervold, A. Reinvang, I. Steen, V.M. Le Hellard, S. Mattingsdal, M. Ntalla, I. Bencko, V. Foretova, L. Janout, V. Navratilova, M. Gallinger, S. Pinto, D. Scherer, S.W. Aschauer, H. Carlberg, L. Schosser, A. Alfredsson, L. Ding, B. Klareskog, L. Padyukov, L. Finan, C. Kalsi, G. Roberts, M. Logan, D.W. Peltonen, L. Ritchie, G.R.S. Courtet, P. Guillame, S. Jaussent, I. Barrett, J.C. Estivill, X. Hinney, A. Bulik, C.M. McGinnis, R. Sambrook, J. Stephens, J. Ouwehand, W.H. McArdle, W.L. Ring, S.M. Strachan, D.P. Alexander, G. Conlon, P.J. Dominiczak, A. Anderson, C.A. Hill, A. Langford, C. Lord, G. Maxwell, A.P. Morgan, L. Sandford, R.N. Sheerin, N. Vannberg, F.O. Blackburn, H. Chen, W.-M. Edkins, S. Gillman, M. Gray, E. Hunt, S.E. Onengut-Gumuscu, S. Potter, S. Rich, S.S. Simpkin, D. Whittaker, P.

Abstract

The Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium 3 anorexia nervosa genome-wide association scan includes 2907 cases from 15 different populations of European origin genotyped on the Illumina 670K chip. We compared methods for identifying population stratification, and suggest list of markers that may help to counter this problem. It is usual to identify population structure in such studies using only common variants with minor allele frequency (MAF) >5%; we find that this may result in highly informative SNPs being discarded, and suggest that instead all SNPs with MAF >1% may be used. We established informative axes of variation identified via principal component analysis and highlight important features of the genetic structure of diverse European-descent populations, some studied for the first time at this scale. Finally, we investigated the substructure within each of these 15 populations and identified SNPs that help capture hidden stratification. This work can provide information regarding the designing and interpretation of association results in the International Consortia. © 2014 Macmillan Publishers Limited All rights reserved.

Published
2014

70. 5–20 keV laser-induced x-ray generation at 1 kHz from a liquid-jet target

Author

Anthony W. Parker, M. Fettweis, Pavel Matousek, Ian P. Clark, R. J. Tompkins, Lord G. Porter, S. Jackson, David R. Klug, C. Barnett, M. Towrie, and Ian P. Mercer

Subjects
Materials science, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, X-ray, Bremsstrahlung, Radiation, Laser, Spectral line, Photodiode, law.invention, law, Atomic physics, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Instrumentation, Ultrashort pulse
Abstract

We report ultrashort pulse, 1 kHz repetition rate x-ray generation in the 5–20 keV spectral region, induced by the interaction of laser radiation with copper nitrate solution and ethylene glycol liquid-jet targets. The characteristics of the copper nitrate source are relevant for application to time-resolved x-ray diffraction studies as well as for spectroscopic x-ray absorption studies. The x-ray sources were operated uninterrupted for in excess of 5 h with no detectable buildup of debris on the associated optics. The x-ray flux generated by both sources is estimated to be of the order of 106 photons s−1 sr−1 in the 5–20 keV region. The spectra have been measured with both a PIN photodiode, and with transmission measurements taken using aluminum filters. We find that the plasma emission has a broadband component attributed to bremsstrahlung emission, with the bulk of the x-ray emission emitted from the chamber lying between 5 and 20 keV for both sources. The copper nitrate emission, however, delivers a d...

Published
1998

73. Chinese Herbs Can Pose Unexpected Dangers

Author

Baba, T., Kataoka, K., Lord, G. M., and Tagore, R.

Subjects
Medicine, Chinese -- Evaluation, Medicinal plants -- Health aspects, Health
Abstract

Three recent case reports highlight the potential hazards of Chinese herbal medicine. In one case study, a 60-year-old diabetic developed symptomatic hypoglycemia after using a Chinese herbal formula called XiaoKewan, [...]

Published
1999

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