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Explored relationship of postdivorce family structure, frequency of contact with father, and student sex to current parent and college student attachments among college students (n=236) from divorced families. Found postdivorce family structure did not have significant main effect on nature of parent and college student relationships. (Author/ABL)

Tested the relationship and predictive qualities of three sets of efficacy beliefs. Results suggest that the three theoretically derived measures of relationship efficacy may help illuminate the psychological processes by which persons develop and maintain healthy and satisfying intimate relationships. (LLL)

Explored whether college students' reported participation in one of four theoretically distinct family alignments (noncoalition, mother-coalition, father-coalition, triangulation) was differentially related to their scores on multidimensional measure of college adjustment. Results from 815 college students suggest that students' academic and personal adjustment are differentially affected by nature of parent-student conflictual alignment. (Author/NB)

This study explored the relations of gender and adult attachment styles to college students' scores on several measures of authoritarian attitudes (e.g., right-wing authoritarianism, ethnocentrism, homophobia, and religious fundamentalism). A multivariate analysis of authoritarian attitudes yielded significant main and interaction effects involving students' gender and their (categorical) attachment style scores. Relative to women, men reported higher levels of homophobia, ethnocentrism, and rightwing authoritarianism. Gender differences in homophobia were additionally conditioned by participants' adult attachment styles: Men with dismissing styles evidenced the highest levels of homophobia, whereas women with dismissing styles demonstrated the lowest levels; that is, a fear of intimacy seemed to contribute to homophobic attitudes found among heterosexual men. This was the first U.S. study of the relationship between adult attachment styles and right-wing authoritarianism, and further investigation is warranted. KEYWORDS homophobia, prejudice, gender, attachment, authoritarianism, ethnocentrism, religious fundamentalism DOI: 10.1080/00918361003608715

Regression latent class analysis was used to identify batterer subgroups with distinct violence patterns and to examine associations between class membership and adult attachment orientations as well as antisocial and borderline personality disorders. Results supported three batterer subgroups, with classes varying on frequency and severity of violence. The high-level violence class represented 40% of batterers, and both anxious and avoidant adult attachment orientations as well as borderline personality characteristics predicted membership in this class. The moderate-level violence class represented 35% of the batterers, and adult anxious attachment orientation was associated with membership in this class. The low-level violence class represented 25% of the sample and reported significantly less violence than other classes. Neither adult attachment orientations nor personality disorders predicted membership in this class. Keywords: domestic violence; batterer typology; attachment; borderline personality disorder; antisocial personality disorder

Court-mandated male batterers (n = 192) attending an intervention program completed measures examining adult attachment orientations (anxious and avoidant), personality disorders (borderline and antisocial), type of violence (psychological and physical), and social desirability. Structural equation modeling was used to determine whether there were significant relationships between anxious attachment and physical and psychological violence that are mediated by either borderline or antisocial personality disorders. Social desirability was included in both models as a covariate. Results indicated that personality disorders fully mediated the relationship between avoidant attachment and physical as well as psychological violence. Personality disorders only partially mediated the relationship between anxious attachment and psychological violence. Implications for intervention are discussed. Keywords: etiology; batterer; intervention; borderline personality disorder; antisocial personality disorder

Author(s): Jeremy Schmutz (corresponding author) [1]; Joel Martin [2]; Astrid Terry [2]; Olivier Couronne [3]; Jane Grimwood [1]; Steve Lowry [2]; Laurie A. Gordon [2, 4]; Duncan Scott [2]; Gary [...]

Author(s): Jeremy Schmutz (corresponding author); Jeremy Wheeler; Jane Grimwood; Mark Dickson; Joan Yang; Chenier Caoile; Eva Bajorek; Stacey Black; Yee Man Chan; Mirian Denys; Julio Escobar; Dave Flowers; Dea Fotopulos; [...]

The present study explored age differences in the expression of depression. Such differences were quite apparent. Among 118 young adults and 107 community-residing elderly individuals, it was found that in the young adult groups, cognitive belief factors labeled 'externality/control' and 'dependency/emotionally' were associated with both affective and cognitive aspects of depression, but not somatic depressive symptoms over and above the influence of sociodemographic factors. In contrast, among older adults, a cognitive belief factor labeled 'cognitive-emotional rigidity/dependency' was uniquely associated with both affective and somatic depressive symptoms. Additionally, a second cognitive factor, labeled 'adaptation/internal control' defined in terms of the absence of irrational thinking about adaptation and control, was negatively related to somatic depressive symptoms. For each sample, poorer health was associated with greater depressive symptomatology. While these findings generally tend to support a cognitive view of depression in adulthood, they also underscore the importance of cognitions that may be adaptive which mitigate distress among older persons.

This study explored (a) the relation of the four hypothesized sources of efficacy information (personal performance accomplishments, vicarious learning, social persuasion, and emotional arousal) to mathematics self-efficacy percepts and (b) the relations among self-efficacy, outcome expectations, interest in mathematics-related college courses, and choice of science-based careers. Subjects were 138 introductory psychology students. Results indicated that the efficacy informational sources were significantly predictive of and helped explain gender differences in mathematics self-efficacy, that outcome expectations complemented self-efficacy in predicting interest and choice indexes, and that the effects of self-efficacy on science-related career choice were mediated by interests. Implications for the further extension of social-cognitive theory to career behavior are discussed.

Presents a model for conducting brief, problem-focused counseling as a way to teach trainees the verbal skills and structuring methods that promote efficient problem clarification and resolution. Identifies the model's skills requirements and discusses its advantages for use in training. (BH)

Reviews the literature linking four features of family structure to depression and maladjustment in adolescents and young adults: (a) parent-child overinvolvement, (b) parent-child role reversal, (c) marital instability, and (d) parent-child coalitions. Implications for the assessment and treatment of depressed college students are discussed. (Author/BL)

Considers college student anger from a holistic perspective. Survey research highlights the intrapersonal and environmental factors most associated with college student anger. The implications of these findings to student affairs work are discussed with special emphasis on the role of student affairs personnel in promoting more effective management of anger on the campus. (Author/BL)

Investigated influence of subject sex on the relation between psychological separation and college adjustment. Results indicated that men were significantly more independent of parents than were women and that significantly negative correlations between psychological separation and both depression and college adjustment existed only for women. (Author/ABB)

Presents a family systems perspective on career indecision as an alternative to existing theories of vocational development which generally contribute career indecision to character deficits in young adults. Speculates on family patterns that contribute to career indecisiveness and on the functions that this problem may serve within the larger family network. (Author/ABB)

Examined significant interrelations between measures of family structure and psychological separation and between psychological separation and college adjustment measures among 554 undergraduate students from intact families. Found two significant and stable canonical relations among family structure and psychological separation variables, and a single significant and stable relation among psychological separation and college adjustment subscales. Results support structural family theory. (Author/NB)

Explored effects of marital conflict, family coalition type, and student gender on psychological separation and college adjustment among 554 college students whose parents were married and living together. Students from maritally-distressed families reported significantly lower conflictual independence from both parents and significantly lower college adjustment scores compared to students from low-conflict homes. (Author/NB)

Proposed and tested vocational identity prediction model based on assumption that vocational identity development problems result from student anxiety and academic difficulties caused by insufficient support/influence of existing family context. Found model would predict significant variance in vocational identity and that each component contributed significantly to that prediction. Discussed male/female variations. (Author/CM)

Investigated 64 depressed and 74 nondepressed college students' differing perceptions of their current family organizations. Depressed students consistently reported more inappropriate family interactions. Implications for the counseling of depressed college students are discussed. (TE)

Subjects (N=32) with recurring procrastination problems were assigned to either of two directive interview conditions (paradoxical or self-control) or to a no-interview control condition. Results indicated both directive groups exhibited generally greater improvement over time than controls and that opposing forms of direction promoted different change patterns. (Author)

Extends an earlier discussion by Gunnison (1985) of the similarities between Milton Erickson and Carl Rogers by citing several important differences in their respective counseling approaches. Briefly discusses implications of these differences to the continuing evolution of counseling theory and practice. (Author)

Reviews the literature in which the relationship of parental divorce and specific indices of college student adjustment are investigated and identifies differences in the developmental patterns of students from intact and nonintact households. Provides a critique of this literature and its implications for counseling. (Author/ABB)

Describes a case study in which a paradoxical intervention was effectively used in treating a vocationally indecisive college student and his overly involved father. The quality of the father-son interaction improved as the student's anxiety decreased. Implications for the use of paradox in other situations are discussed. (Author/JAC)

As a highly popular social networking site (SNS) for exchanging information about their personal activities, values, goals, and accomplishments with their online “friends,” Facebook (FB)© enables social comparisons and identity negotiations that may influence college students’ career planning confidence. However, to date, no studies have examined whether FB use activities and “friend” networks are uniquely associated with such confidence when dispositional variables associated with students’ needs for belongingness and self-presentation are concurrently controlled. In the present study, participants provided information about their FB use activities and networks and completed self-report measures of adult attachment security, authenticity, career decision self-efficacy, and career aspirations. We hypothesized that, controlling for features of FB use, adult attachment security and authenticity would make significant and incremental contributions to our indicators of career confidence and that authenticity would mediate expected relations between attachment security and these outcomes. Our findings yielded general support for these hypotheses. Implications for career counseling practice that considers both clients’ relational dispositions and uses of social media are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]