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Despite established benefits, colorectal cancer (CRC) screening is underutilized among Latinos/Hispanics. We conducted a pilot 2-arm randomized controlled trial evaluating efficacy of two intervention conditions on CRC screening uptake among Latinos receiving care in community clinics. Participants (N = 76) were aged 50-75, most were foreign-born, preferred to receive their health information in Spanish, and not up-to-date with CRC screening. Participants were randomized to either a culturally linguistically targeted Spanish-language fotonovela booklet and DVD intervention plus fecal immunochemical test [FIT] (the LCARES, Latinos Colorectal Cancer Awareness, Research, Education and Screening intervention group); or a non-targeted intervention that included a standard Spanish-language booklet plus FIT (comparison group). Measures assessed socio-demographic variables, health literacy, CRC screening behavior, awareness and beliefs. Overall, FIT uptake was 87%, exceeding the National Colorectal Cancer Roundtable's goal of 80% by 2018. The LCARES intervention group had higher FIT uptake than did the comparison group (90% versus 83%), albeit not statistically significant (P = 0.379). The LCARES intervention group was associated with greater increases in CRC awareness (P = 0.046) and susceptibility (P = 0.013). In contrast, cancer worry increased more in the comparison group (P = 0.045). Providing educational materials and a FIT kit to Spanish-language preferring Latinos receiving care in community clinics is a promising strategy to bolster CRC screening uptake to meet national targets.

This chapter urges researchers to use a "spatial lens" to identify mismatches between educational offerings and the local labor market for middle-skill careers. Students who are unlikely to relocate for a job will benefit from occupational credentials aligned with geographically local and available careers. The proposed spatial research agenda offers examples of how institutional researchers may explore the link between education, employment, and place to improve outcomes for community college students.

Introduction: Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a group of tumor-initiating and tumormaintaining cells, may be major players in the treatment resistance and recurrence distinctive of chordoma. Characterizing CSCs is crucial to better targeting this subpopulation. Methods: Using flow cytometry, six chordoma cell lines were evaluated for CSC composition. In vitro, cell lines were stained for B7H6, HER2, MICA-B, ULBP1, EGFR, and PD-L1 surface markers. Eighteen resected chordomas were stained using a multispectral immunofluorescence (mIF) antibody panel to identify CSCs in vivo. HALO software was used for quantitative CSC density and spatial analysis. Results: In vitro, chordoma CSCs express more B7H6, MICA-B, and ULBP1, assessed by percent positivity and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI), as compared to non-CSCs in all cell lines. PD- L1 percent positivity is increased by >20% in CSCs compared to non-CSCs in all cell lines except CH22. In vivo, CSCs comprise 1.39% of chordoma cells and most are PD-L1+ (75.18%). A spatial analysis suggests that chordoma CSCs cluster at an average distance of 71.51mm (SD 73.40 mm) from stroma. Discussion: To our knowledge, this study is the first to identify individual chordoma CSCs and describe their surface phenotypes using in vitro and in vivo methods. PD-L1 is overexpressed on CSCs in chordoma human cell lines and operative tumor samples. Similarly, potential immunotherapeutic targets on CSCs, including B7H6, MICA-B, ULBP1, EGFR, and HER2 are overexpressed across cell lines. Targeting these markers may have a preferential role in combating CSCs, an aggressive subpopulation likely consequential to chordoma's high recurrence rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the characterization of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB), a rare malignant neoplasm. The study aimed to identify the density of CSCs and PD-L1 expression in ONB using immunofluorescence. The results showed that CSCs were present in ONB, but they were uncommon and did not correlate with grade, stage, or recurrence. However, a significant number of CSCs expressed PD-L1, suggesting a potential immunotherapy strategy for ONB by targeting this cell population through PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade. [Extracted from the article]

Aims: We sought to identify factors associated with right ventricular (RV) dysfunction and elevated pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) and association with adverse outcomes in peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM). Methods and results: We conducted a multi‐centre cohort study to identify subjects with PPCM with the following criteria: left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 40%, development of heart failure within the last month of pregnancy or 5 months of delivery, and no other identifiable cause of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Outcomes included a composite of (i) major adverse events (need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, ventricular assist device, orthotopic heart transplantation, or death) or (ii) recurrent heart failure hospitalization. RV function was obtained from echocardiogram reports. In total, 229 women (1993–2017) met criteria for PPCM. Mean age was 32.4 ± 6.8 years, 28% were of African descent, 50 (22%) had RV dysfunction, and 38 (17%) had PASP ≥ 30 mmHg. After a median follow‐up of 3.4 years (interquartile range 1.0–8.8), 58 (25%) experienced the composite outcome of adverse events. African descent, family history of cardiomyopathy, LVEF, and PASP were significant predictors of RV dysfunction. Using Cox proportional hazards models, we found that women with RV dysfunction were three times more likely to experience the adverse composite outcome: hazard ratio 3.21 (95% confidence interval: 1.11–9.28), P = 0.03, in a multivariable model adjusting for age, race, body mass index, preeclampsia, hypertension, diabetes, kidney disease, and LVEF. Women with PASP ≥ 30 mmHg had a lower probability of survival free from adverse events (log‐rank P = 0.04). Conclusions: African descent and family history of cardiomyopathy were significant predictors of RV dysfunction. RV dysfunction and elevated PASP were significantly associated with a composite of major adverse cardiac events. This at‐risk group may prompt closer monitoring or early referral for advanced therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. This narrative review aims to provide an overview of the mechanisms of 3D printing, the dental materials relevant to each mechanism, and the possible applications of these materials within different areas of dentistry. Methods. Subtopics within 3D printing technology in dentistry were identified and divided among five reviewers. Electronic searches of the Medline (PubMed) database were performed with the following search keywords: 3D printing, digital light processing, stereolithography, digital dentistry, dental materials, and a combination of the keywords. For this review, only studies or review papers investigating 3D printing technology for dental or medical applications were included. Due to the nature of this review, no formal evidence-based quality assessment was performed, and the search was limited to the English language without further restrictions. Results. A total of 64 articles were included. The significant applications, applied materials, limitations, and future directions of 3D printing technology were reviewed. Subtopics include the chronological evolution of 3D printing technology, the mechanisms of 3D printing technologies along with different printable materials with unique biomechanical properties, and the wide range of applications for 3D printing in dentistry. Conclusions: This review article gives an overview of the history and evolution of 3D printing technology, as well as its associated advantages and disadvantages. Current 3D printing technologies include stereolithography, digital light processing, fused deposition modeling, selective laser sintering/melting, photopolymer jetting, powder binder, and 3D laser bioprinting. The main categories of 3D printing materials are polymers, metals, and ceramics. Despite limitations in printing accuracy and quality, 3D printing technology is now able to offer us a wide variety of potential applications in different fields of dentistry, including prosthodontics, implantology, oral and maxillofacial, orthodontics, endodontics, and periodontics. Understanding the existing spectrum of 3D printing applications in dentistry will serve to further expand its use in the dental field. Three-dimensional printing technology has brought about a paradigm shift in the delivery of clinical care in medicine and dentistry. The clinical use of 3D printing has created versatile applications which streamline our digital workflow. Technological advancements have also paved the way for the integration of new dental materials into dentistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]