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Sticta (Schreber.) Ach. is one of the common lichen genera in tropical and subtropical regions, but not in the Korean Peninsula. For almost two decades, no detailed taxonomic or revisionary study has been done on this genus. This study was based on the specimens deposited in the lichen herbarium at the Korean Lichen Research Institute, and the samples were identified on the basis of recent literature. In this revisionary study, a total of eight species of Sticta, including a newly recorded one are documented. These species include Sticta fuliginosa (Dicks.) Ach., Sticta gracilis (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr., Sticta limbata (Sm.) Ach., Sticta nylanderiana Zahlbr., Sticta sublimbata (J. Steiner) Swinscow & Krog, Sticta weigelii (Ach.) Vain., Sticta wrightii Tuck., and Sticta yatabeana Müll. Arg. Detailed descriptions of S. nylanderiana, S. sublimbata, S. weigelii, and S. yatabeana with their morphological, anatomical, and chemical characteristics are provided. A key description of all known Sticta species of the Korean Peninsula is also presented.

The current knowledge on the occurrence of Lobaria amplissima, a very rare old-growth forest lichen in Poland, is discussed. Both previous and new localities are presented. The Białowieża Forest, from which L. amplissima is reported, is a refuge site of L. amplissima in the lowland forests of Central Europe. The most important data on the ecology and the general distribution of the species are given. Diagnostic characters related to the morphology, anatomy and chemistry of L. amplissima differentiating it from similar species are described.

As part of a larger systematic and taxonomic revision of the genus Sticta in the northern Andes, several species were discovered forming green algal and cyanobacterial photosymbiodemes, seven of which are new to science and are described here—S. lobarioides Moncada & Coca, S. macrothallina Moncada & Coca, S. neopulmonarioides Moncada & Coca, S. phyllidiokunthii Moncada & Lucking, S. pseudolobaria Moncada & Coca, S. pulmonarioides Moncada & Coca, and S. tatamana Moncada & Coca. All species are discussed and illustrated, and a key to species with Lobaria pulmonaria gross morphology is given.

The new species Sticta viviana A. Suárez & Lücking is described from Colombian paramos. It superficially resembles S. fuliginosa s. str. but differs by the small lobes with a shiny surface, the strongly branched, corymbose isidia, the dark lower tomentum, the smaller, usually sessile and urceolate cyphellae with one papilla-like outgrowth per cell of the basal membrane, and the K+ orange-yellow medulla. In contrast, Sticta fuliginosa s. str., as represented by the type material, a sequenced topotype, and specimens from North America and Colombia falling into the same clade, is defined by an uneven lobe surface, simple to branched but not corymbose isidia, a pale lower tomentum, larger, immersed to erumpent cyphellae, with each cell of the basal membrane having 2–4 papillae, and a K− medulla. The new species is not closely related to S. fuliginosa s. str. but falls within a clade of several, as yet undescribed, species with S. fuliginosa gross morphology.

Se analizó la diversidad y la composición de las comunidades de líquenes en dos fragmentos, uno perturbado y otro conservado, de bosque altoandino en la Reserva Biológica "Encenillo", Colombia. Se muestrearon 32 árboles de encenillo (Weinmannia tomentosa), 16 en cada fragmento, colocando sobre cada árbol tres submuestras en tres alturas, para un total de 32 muestras (árboles) y 96 submuestras. Los 714 registros de líquenes, 261 para el bosque perturbado y 453 para el bosque conservado, correspondieron a 54 especies, siendo los géneros Parmotrema (161 registros, 5 especies), Usnea (141 registros, 7 especies), Hypotrachyna (79 registros, 7 especies), Phyllopsora (63 registros, 2 especies) y Sticta (49 registros, 6 especies) los más representativos. Usando caracteres morfológicos, se asignaron las 54 especies a 37 biotipos fácilmente reconocibles. Análisis de conglomerados y escala multidimensional no métrica de las 32 muestras (árboles) separaron los dos fragmentos por su composición de biotipos de líquenes. Mediante ánalisis de indicadores, usando los biotipos como unidades, se encontró que los biotipos "Yoshimuriella", "Usnea (apotecios)", "Usnea (pigmentado)", "Parmotrema (soredios)", "Lobariella (apotecios)", "Sticta (verde)", "Psiloparmelia" y "Hypotrachyna (soredios)" fueron estadísticamente indicativos para el bosque conservado, mientras que los biotipos "Hypotrachyna (isidios)", "Usnea (penduloso)", "Parmotrema (isidios)" y "Heterodermia (apotecios)" fueron representativos para el bosque perturbado. Como conclusión, un protocolo usando biotipos en vez de especies puede ser implementado por personas no especialistas para hacer monitoreo y evaluaciones rápidas del estado de conservación de bosques altoandinos. We analyzed the diversity and composition of lichen communities in two fragments, one disturbed and one conserved, of high Andean forest in the "Encenillo" Biological Reserve, Colombia. We sampled 32 "encenillo" trees (Weinmannia tomentosa), 16 in each fragment, using three subsamples per tree at three height levels, for a total of 32 samples (trees) and 96 subsamples. The 714 lichen specimens sampled, 261 in the disturbed and 453 in the conserved forest, corresponded to 54 species, with the genera Parmotrema (161 specimens, 5 species), Usnea (141 specimens, 7 species), Hypotrachyna (79 specimens, 7 species), Phyllopsora (63 specimens, 2 species), and Sticta (49 samples, 6 species) most representative. Using morphological characters, we assigned the 54 species to 37 readily recognizable biotypes. Cluster analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling of the 32 samples (trees) separated the two fragments based on lichen biotype composition. By means of indicator analysis, using the biotypes as units, we found that the biotypes "Yoshimuriella", "Usnea (apothecia)", "Usnea (pigmented)", "Parmotrema (soredia)", "Lobariella (apothecia)", "Sticta (green)", "Psiloparmelia", and "Hypotrachyna (soredia)" were statistically indicative of the conserved forest, whereas the biotypes "Hypotrachyna (isidia)", "Usnea (pendulous)", "Parmotrema (isidia)" and "Heterodermia (apothecia)" were representative of the disturbed forest. In conclusion, a protocol using biotypes instead of species can be implemented by non-specialists to monitor and quickly evaluate the conservation of these Andean forests.

The lichen family Lobariaceae has 34 species represented in India. In this paper six new records are reported for the first time from different states of the Western Ghats: Lobaria adscripta (Nyl.) Hue, L. fuscotomentosa Yoshim, Pseudocyphellaria argyracea (Bory ex Delise) Vain, P. aurata (Sm. Ex. Ach.) Vain., P. crocata (L.) Vain. and Sticta duplolimbata (Hue) Vain. Of these, two are new records to Kerala, one new record to Karnataka, one to Kerala and Tamil Nadu each and Sticta duplolimbata (Hue) Vain. as new record to India (Tamil Nadu).

The recently described genus Vahliella (Peltigerales, Ascomycetes) has repeatedly appeared outside the Pannariaceae in molecular phylogenies. Here we include data from additional species of the genus and utilize mtSSU rDNA and RPB1 sequences to confirm its placement as the sister to a group consisting of Lobariaceae, Massalongiaceae, Nephromataceae and Peltigeraceae, in the Peltigerales. The new family Vahliellaceae Wedin, P. M. Jørg. & S. Ekman is described for the genus, and its morphological characteristics are briefly discussed.

Chemical investigation of the ethyl acetate extract of the lichen Lobaria orientalis,Lobariaceae, collected in Vietnam, afforded six known compounds, including four triterpenoids,zeorin (1), 16β-acetoxyhopane-6α,22-diol (2), retigeric acid A (3), retigeric acid B (4), togetherwith two steroids, ergosterol-5α,8α-peroxide (5) and cerevisterol (6). Their chemical structureswere elucidated by spectroscopic data analysis and comparison with those reported in theliterature. The cytotoxic activities of some compounds against liver hepatocellular carcinoma(HepG2), human lung cancer (NCI-H460), human epithelial carcinoma (HeLa) and humanbreast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines were evaluated. Compound 2 exhibited good cytotoxicityagainst MCF-7 cancer cell line with IC50 value of 21.10 μg/mL. This is the first time compounds(1), (2), (6) are reported in the Lobaria genus.

Apothecia of Lobaria oregana and L. pulmonaria emerge in late spring and discharge ascospores throughout the year. Most populations have a few fertile thalli, although the proportion of fertile tha...

Summary Dictyochloropsis s.l. is an ecologically important, common but little-studied genus of green algae. Here, we examined the diversity and host selectivity of algae attributed to this genus at both species-to-species and species-to-community levels. We conducted a molecular investigation of 15 cultured strains and several lichen photobionts, using 18S rRNA, rbcL and ITS sequence data. We further used seven alga-specific microsatellite markers to study algal sharing among fungi of the family Lobariaceae in two populations in Madeira and Taiwan (454 lichens). We found that the genus Dictyochloropsis s.l. is polyphyletic. Dictyochloropsis clade 1 comprises only free-living algae whereas Dictyochloropsis clade 2 includes lichenized algae as well as free-living algae. Fungal selectivity towards algae belonging to Dictyochloropsis clade 2 is high. Selectivity varies geographically, with photobionts being restricted to a single region. Finally, we showed that Dictyochloropsis clade 2 individuals are shared among different fungal hosts in communities of lichens of the Lobariaceae. As for other green algal lineages, there is a high amount of cryptic diversity in Dictyochloropsis. Furthermore, co-evolution between Dictyochloropsis clade 2 algae and representatives of the Lobariaceae is manifested at the community level, with several unrelated fungal species being horizontally connected by shared photobiont clones.

Sticta rhizinata Moncada & Lücking, spec. nov. (Fig. 7) MycoBank #801849 Differing from Sticta weigelii in the bryophilous growth habit and the long rhizines on the underside. Holotype: — COLOMBIA. Cundinamarca. Mun. La Calera, Parque Nacional Natural Chingaza, Monterrendondo; 4º 44' N, 73º 50' E; 3430 m; 13 Apr 2011, Moncada 4638 (UDBC; isotypes: COL, F). Primary photobiont cyanobacterial (Nostoc). Stipe absent. Thallus irregular to suborbicular, up to 15 cm diam., moderately branched, with 3–5 branches per 5 cm radius, branching anisotomous to pleurotomous; lobes laciniate, horizontal, adjacent to imbricate, involute, their apices rounded, involute, their margins crenate to sinuous, not thickened; lobe internodes (6–)8–13(–16) mm long, (6–)12–28(–32) mm broad; thallus coriaceous. Upper surface smooth to weakly foveolate or rugose–costillate, green-brown when fresh, redbrown and darkening towards the apices in the herbarium, shiny; surface glabrous, without papillae and pruina, but with irregular, yellowish maculae; marginal cilia absent. Apothecia not observed. Isidia abundant, predominantly marginal, aggregate, branched to coralloid, with rather long branches, vertically to obliquely oriented, up to 0.5 mm long and 0.5 mm broad, darker than the thallus, blackish brown to black, shiny, cylindrical to slightly flattened and becoming spathulate; basal stalk when present cylindrical, without cyphellae. Lower surface uneven, brown; primary tomentum dense up to the margin, thick but thinner towards the margin, spongy, rough, brown-black; secondary tomentum arachnoid, pale. Rhizines abundant, submarginal, aggregate, fibrillate and covered with secondary tomentum, brown-black, up to 10 mm long. Cyphellae 1–20 per cm 2 towards the thallus center and 61–100 per cm 2 towards the margin, scattered, round, urceolate with wide pore, erumpent to prominent, remaining below the level of the primary tomentum, with the margin elevated and involute, pale brown, without tomentum; pore (0.25–)0.4–0.8(–1.5) mm diam.; basal membrane pubescent, white, K + yellow, C –, KC–, P –. Medulla compact, cream-colored, K + yellow, C –, KC–, P –. No substances detected by TLC. Upper cortex paraplectenchymatous, 45–65 µm thick, formed by two different layers: upper layer consisting of 1–2 cell layers with cells 3–4 µm diam., their walls 1.2–2.5 µm thick and their lumina rounded to isodiametric, 1.2–2.5 µm diam.; lower layer consisting of 2–3 cell layers; cells 6–11 µm diam., their walls 1–1.2 µm thick and their lumina rounded to isodiametric, 5–10 µm diam. Photobiont layer 25–50 µm thick, its cells 10–20 µm diam. Medulla 55–175 µm thick, its hyphae 2.5 µm broad, without crystals. Lower cortex paraplectenchymatous, 25–40 µm thick, with 3–4 cell layers; cells 6–16 µm diam., their walls 1–1.5 µm thick. Hairs of lower primary tomentum 110–470 µm long, in fascicles of 12–20, branched hyphae, septate with their apices intertwined. Hairs of lower secondary tomentum 8–18 µm long, of single, branched, moniliform hyphae with free apices. Cyphellae cavity 30–150 µm deep; cells of basal membrane without papillae. Distribution and Ecology: —South American Andes (Colombia). Sticta rhizinata has been found between 2300 and 3720 m altitude in subandine forest and páramo regions in microhabitats with low to high light intensity. It occurs on the western slopes of the Cordilleras Central and Occidental. Typically it grows on the ground inbetween bryophytes of the genera Plagiochila, Frullania Raddi (1818), Metzgeria, Campylopus Brid. (Bridel 1819) and Dicranum Hedw. (Hedwig 1801), and lichens of the genera Hypotrachyna (Vain.) Hale (Hale 1974), Everniastrum Hale ex Sipman (Sipman 1986), and Peltigera Willd. (Willdenow 1787). Etymology: —The epithet refers to the very conspicuous rhizines of this species, quite different from other similar species in the Sticta weigelii complex. Remarks: —This species belongs in the Sticta weigelii complex, being characterized by a cyanobacterial photobiont and comparatively narrow, much branched lobes with marginal isidia (McDonald et al. 2003; Galloway 2006). Within that complex, S. rhizinata is well-characterized by its very narrow, laciniate lobes forming large and conspicuous rhizines on the underside, as well as its ecology, being typically found growing between bryophytes on the ground. Additional specimens examined (paratypes): — COLOMBIA. Boyacá: Mun. Aquitania, Páramo de los Pozos; 3115–3320 m; 26 Feb 2004, Medina & Castillo 10 (UPTC). Mun. Duitama, road from Duitama to Charalá; 3070 m; 23 Jul 1985, Escobar & Santa 213 (HUA). Mun. El Cocuy, Parque Nacional Natural El Cocuy, Alto de la Cueva; 3800 m; 21 Apr 2011, Fonseca & Martínez 224 (UDBC). Mun. Gachantivá, Vereda la Ciénaga, vía Cáscada La Honda; 2300 m; 18 May 2001, Moncada & Dávila 1846b (UDBC). Mun. Socha, Páramo de Pisba, road from Socha to La Punta, km 61.5, Alto de Granados; 3600 m; 10 Jun 1972, Cleef 4356 (B, COL, L). Cundinamarca. Alto de la Viga, Páramo de Cruz Verde, Camino Real towards Las Lagunas; 3450 m; 28 Nov 1974, Van den Hammen 3113 (B, COL). Parque Nacional Natural Sumapaz, Páramo de Chisacá, Santa Rosa, Bodegas de Sumapaz, Valle del Rio Colorados (Santa Rosita); 3470 m; 20 Aug 1976, Van den Hammen & Jaramillo-M. 4420 (B, COL). Parque Nacional Natural Sumapaz, Corregimiento Nazareth, summit to the east of Caseta Los Pinos; 3450 m; 11 May 2004, Moncada & Dávila 2178 (UDBC). Surroundings of Laguna de Chisacá; 4º 17' N, 74º 12 E; 3724 m; 15 Aug 2010, Moncada et al. 4063 (UDBC). Mun. Chipaque, Vereda Marilandia, vía Santuario; 2400 m; 8 Sep 2011, Moncada 4790, 4796, 4896 (UDBC). Mun. Choachí, El Verjón; PE Matarredonda; 04º 34' N, 74º 00' E; 2900–3220 m; 8 May 2010, Moncada 3163 (UDBC); ibid.; 3220 m; 23 Jan 2011, Moncada 4535 (UDBC). Mun. Guasca, Páramo de Guasca; 3350 m; 18 Aug 2011, Moncada 4766 (UDBC). Mun. La Calera, Parque Nacional Natural Chingaza, Monterrendondo; 4º 44' N, 73º 50' E; 3430 m; 13 Apr 2011, Moncada 4635b (UDBC). Mun. Supatá, Alto El Tablazo, Carretera Estación Radar to Supatá; 3400 m; 11–12 Sep 1984, Aguirre & Sipman 5262 (B, COL). Risaralda: Mun. Santa Rosa de Cabal, Vereda El Cedral, vía El Cedral to Laguna del Otún, 100 m of Finca Ceilán; 2300 m; 3 Sep 2003, Moncada & Dávila 2060 (UDBC)., Published as part of Moncada, Bibiana & Lücking, Robert, 2012, Ten new species of Sticta and counting: Colombia as a hot spot for unrecognized diversification in a conspicuous macrolichen genus, pp. 1-29 in Phytotaxa 74 (1) on pages 17-18, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.74.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5066523, {"references":["Raddi, G. (1818) Jungermanniografia Etrusca. Memorie i Mathematica e di Fisica della Societa Italiana delle Scienze (Modena) 18: 14 - 56.","Bridel, S. (1819) Muscologia Recentiorum Supplementum 4. Gotha.","Hedwig, J. (1801) Species Muscorum Frondosorum. Paris & London.","Hale, M. E. Jr. (1974) Delimitation of the lichen genus Hypotrachyna (Vainio) Hale. Phytologia 28: 340 - 342.","Sipman, H. J. M. (1986) Notes on the lichen genus Everniastrum (Parmeliaceae). Mycotaxon 26: 235 - 251.","Willdenow, C. L. (1787) Florae Berolinensis Prodromus. Berlin.","McDonald, T., Miadlikowska, J. & Lutzoni, F. (2003) The lichen genus Sticta in the Great Smoky Mountains: a phylogenetic study of morphologial, chemical, and molecular data. The Bryologist 106: 61 - 79."]}

Sticta microcyphellata Moncada & Lücking, spec. nov. (Fig. 5) MycoBank #801847 Differing from Sticta ainoae in the thelotremoid and tiny cyphellae occurring in more than 120 per cm 2, the dark tomentum up to the margin; the tomentose-hirsute apothecial margin, and the yellow-cream, K+ wine red medulla. Holotype: — COLOMBIA. Norte de Santander: Parque Nacional Natural Tamá, trail from Quebrada La Pedrera to Paramito; 2640 m; 10 Sep 2000, Moncada & Dávila 1024 (UDBC; isotype: COL). Primary photobiont green (Dictyochloropsis). Stipe absent. Thallus irregular, up to 30 cm diam., moderately branched, with 3–5 branches per 5 cm radius, branching dichotomous to polytomous; lobes laciniate, horizontal to weakly subpendulous, interspaced to imbricate, plane to involute, their apices obtuse to truncate, plane to involute, their margins entire, weakly thickened; lobe internodes 12–30 mm long, 7–15 mm broad; thallus coriaceous. Upper surface smooth to weakly foveolate, bright green when fresh, pale yellowishbrown in the herbarium, matt; surface glabrous, with papillae towards the margin, without pruina, with irregular, white maculae; marginal cilia present, sparse, fasciculate, brown to black, up to 0.5 mm long. Vegetative propagules absent. Apothecia sparse, predominantly submarginal, dispersed, pedicellate, with slight invagination on the lower side, up to 4 mm diam.; disc red-brown, shiny; margin tomentose to weakly hirsute, pale brown. Lower surface uneven, pale to dark brown; primary tomentum dense up to the margin, thin, spongy to arachnoid, soft, dark brown; secondary tomentum absent. Rhizines scattered, submarginal, fibrillose, brown, up to 5 mm long. Cyphellae more than 100 per cm 2 towards the thallus center and 100–200 per cm 2 towards the margin, aggregate, rounded, thelotremoid, immersed to erumpent, remaining below the level of the primary tomentum, with the margin elevated and involute, cream-colored, without tomentum; pore 0.05–0.2 mm diam.; basal membrane pubescent, cream-colored to yellowish, K – to K + pale yellow, C –, KC– to KC+ pale yellow, P –. Medulla compact, cream-colored to yellowish, K + pink to wine-red, C –, KC–, P –. No substances detected by TLC. Upper cortex paraplectenchymatous, 35–45 µm thick, formed by two different layers: upper layer consisting of 1–2 cell layers with cells 2.5–4 µm diam., their walls 1.25 µm thick and their lumina rounded to isodiametric, 1.2–1.5 µm diam.; lower layer consisting of 3–4 cell layers; cells 6–11 µm diam., their walls 0.6–1.2 µm thick and their lumina rounded to isodiametric, 5–10 µm diam. Photobiont layer 20–30 µm thick, its cells 2.5–4 µm diam. Medulla 130–170 µm thick, its hyphae 2.5 µm broad, without crystals. Lower cortex paraplectenchymatous, 35–40 µm thick, with 3–4 cell layers; cells 6–14 µm diam., their walls 1.2–1.5 µm thick. Hairs of lower primary tomentum 70–200 µm long, in fascicles of 6–12, branched hyphae, septate with free apices. Cyphellae cavity 55–80 µm deep; cells of basal membrane without papillae. Apothecia biatorine, 500–700 µm high, with indistinct stipe; excipulum 100–120 µm broad, with tomentum. Hymenium 130–140 µm high; epihymenium 2.5–5 µm high, orange-brown, with gelatinous layer above. Ascospores 1–3-septate, fusiform, 30–40 × 5–7.5 µm, hyaline. Distribution and Ecology: —South American Andes (Colombia and Venezuela). The species is found between 1900 and 3700 m altitude in upper montane to subandine forests, in shaded to moderately exposed microsites on bark and sometimes on decaying organic matter. The liverwort genera Plagiochila and Radula Dumort. (Dumortier 1822) and the lichen Leptogium phyllocarpon (Pers.) Mont. (Montagne 1848) are commonly associated. Etymology: —Among tropical green-algal species with large thalli, this species is characterized by extremely small cyphellae. Remarks: —This new species is rather conspicuous due to its large, bright green thalli with rather broad, laciniate lobes, combined with very numerous, small, thelotremoid cyphellae. It is very similar to Sticta ainoae D. J. Galloway & J. Pickering (Galloway & Pickering 1990) from southern South America (type in BM revised), which has a marginally pale lower tomentum (often thin or absent towards the margin) and slightly larger, less numerous cyphellae, with the pore being 0.1–0.5 mm in diam. (not 0.05–0.3 as stated by Galloway & Pickering 1990). Other differences include the white, K– or K+ weakly ochraceous medulla, the glabrous apothecial margins, and the smaller ascospores in S. ainoae. Within Colombia, S. microcyphellata is the only green species with thelotremoid cyphellae. Additional specimens examined (paratypes): — COLOMBIA. Chocó: Mun. El Carmen de Atrato, Alto de Cortes; 2600 m; 28 Feb 1944, Core 297 (US). Huila: Mun. San Agustín, Páramo de las Papas, mountains and surroundings of Lagunas La Magdalena and Santiago; 3530–3630 m; 5–19 Sep 1985, Bischler 652 (COL). Norte de Santander: Mun. Toledo, Hoya de Samaria; 2100 m; 30 Oct 1941, Cuatrecasas et al. 12795 (COL). Parque Nacional Natural Tamá, Sector Orocué; 2800 m; 25 Apr 1981, Ruiz s.n. (COL). Santander: Mun. Charalá, Virolín, lower part of Cuchilla El Fara; 1820 m; 12 Nov 1984, Castro & Cruz 378 (COL). Valle del Cauca: Mun. El Silencio, Yanaconas; 1900–2200 m; 28 Feb 1944, Killip & García 33780 (COL). VENEZUELA. Táchira: Páramo de Tamá, base of Cobre Chiquito; 2400 m; 28 Mar 1979, López Figueiras & Hale 45614 (US). Villa Paez-Betania; 2550 m; 18 May 1967, Steyermark & Dunsterville 98372 (US); ibid., southeast of Santa Ana, Río Quinimarí; 2400 m; 10 Jan 1968, Steyermark & Dunsterville 100638 (US).

Sticta tunjensis Moncada & Lücking, spec. nov. (Fig. 10) MycoBank #801852 Differing from Sticta weigelii by the flabellate lobes with distinctly maculate surface, the presence of marginal cilia, and the papillate cells of the basal membrane of the cyphellae. Holotype: — COLOMBIA. Boyacá: Mun. Tunja, Vereda Barón Germania, El Malmo; 3065–3085 m; 17 Mar 2003, Alvaro et al. 474 (UPTC; isotype: UDBC). Primary photobiont cyanobacterial (Nostoc). Stipe absent. Thallus irregular, up to 5 cm diam., moderately branched, with 3–5 branches per 5 cm radius, branching pleurotomous; lobes flabellate, horizontal to subpendulous, imbricate, revolute to weakly canaliculate, their apices rounded to irregular in outline, involute, their margins crenate, not thickened; lobe internodes (3–)4–6(–8) mm long, (2–)3–8(–12) mm broad; thallus subcoriaceous, fragile. Upper surface smooth, dark green when fresh, pale ochraceous yellow to greenish grey in the herbarium, shiny; surface glabrous, without papillae and pruina, but with irregular, white to yellowish maculae; marginal cilia sparse or absent in oldest lobe portions, simple to fasciculate, white, up to 0.5 mm long. Apothecia not observed. Isidia abundant, predominantly marginal, aggregate, branched to coralloid, with long branches, horizontal to obliquely oriented, up to 0.5 mm long and 0.05 mm broad, blue-grey, matt, cylindrical; basal stalk when present cylindrical, without cyphellae. Lower surface smooth, cream-colored towards the apices and darker towards the center; primary tomentum irregular, absent towards the margin, thick, thinner towards the margin, fasciculate to spongy, soft, white to cream-colored; secondary tomentum pubescent, pale. Rhizines absent. Cyphellae 1–20 per cm 2 towards the thallus center and 41–60 per cm 2 towards the margin, scattered, rounded, urceolate with wide pore, erumpent to prominent, remaining below the level of the primary tomentum or emerging towards the margin, with the margin elevated and involute, white to cream-colored or dark brown towards the thallus center, without tomentum; pore (0.2–)0.3–0.5(–0.9) mm diam.; basal membrane pubescent, cream-colored, K + pale yellow, C –, KC–, P –. Medulla compact, white, K + pale yellow, C –, KC–, P –. No substances detected by TLC. Upper cortex paraplectenchymatous, 12–25 µm thick, uniform, consisting of 2–3 cell layers with cells 3–8 µm diam., their walls 0.6–2.5 µ m thick and their lumina rounded to isodiametric, 1.5–5 µm diam. Photobiont layer 20–35 µm thick, its cells 10–18 µm diam. Medulla 45–55 µm thick, its hyphae 2.5 µm broad, without crystals. Lower cortex paraplectenchymatous, 12–15 µm thick, with 1–2 cell layers; cells 3–7 µm diam., their walls 0.6–1 µm thick. Hairs of lower primary tomentum 470–560 µm long, in fascicles of more than 20, unbranched hyphae, septate with free apices. Hairs of lower secondary tomentum 5–12 µm long, of single, unbranched hyphae, septate with free apices. Cyphellae cavity 50–220 µm deep; cells of the basal membrane with one papilla. Distribution and Ecology: —South American Andes (Colombia); found between 1900 and 3080 m altitude, in (sub-)andine forest of the Cordillera Oriental, in microhabitats with medium light intensity; growing on bark and soil and usually associated with liverworts of the genus Plagiochila. Etymology: —Named after the type locality. Remarks: — Sticta tunjensis shares the general morphology with S. weigelii in having branched, cyanobacterial thalli with marginal isidia (McDonald et al. 2003; Galloway 2006). However, it can be distinguished by the green-grey rather than brown thallus color, the flabellate lobes, the distinctly maculate surface, the presence of marginal cilia, the paler lower tomentum, and the papillate cells of the basal membrane of the cyphellae. Phylogenetically, S. tunjensis is rather isolated and not closely related to any of the other species with S. weigelii morphology (Moncada et al. 2012a). Additional specimens examined (paratypes): — COLOMBIA. Boyacá: Mun. Villa de Leyva, SFF Iguaque; 2100–2900 m; 9 Jun 2001, Linares et al. 9699 (COL). Santander: Mun. Charalá, Virolín, creek trail from Finca La Araña to Cascada; 1950 m; 27 Apr 1984, Castro et al. 60 (COL)., Published as part of Moncada, Bibiana & Lücking, Robert, 2012, Ten new species of Sticta and counting: Colombia as a hot spot for unrecognized diversification in a conspicuous macrolichen genus, pp. 1-29 in Phytotaxa 74 (1) on pages 23-25, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.74.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5066523, {"references":["McDonald, T., Miadlikowska, J. & Lutzoni, F. (2003) The lichen genus Sticta in the Great Smoky Mountains: a phylogenetic study of morphologial, chemical, and molecular data. The Bryologist 106: 61 - 79.","Moncada, B., Lucking, R., Parmnen, S. & Lumbsch, H. T. (2012 a) Sticta fuliginosa (Lobariaceae): species or morphotype? In: The 7 th IAL Symposium: Lichens: From Genome to Ecosystems in a Changing World. Abstracts: 159. Ramkhamhaeng University Press, Bangkok, Thailand."]}

Sticta arachnofuliginosa Moncada & Lücking, spec. nov. (Fig. 1) MycoBank #801843 Differing from Sticta fuliginosa in the larger lobes with faveolate, pubescent-arachnoid surface and the lack of papillae on the cells of the basal membrane of the cyphellae. Holotype: — COLOMBIA. Cundinamarca: Mun. Bogotá D. C., Surroundings of Laguna de Chisacá; 4º 17' N, 74º 12' W; 3734 m; Apr 2008, Moncada et al. 4007 (UDBC; isotypes: F, COL). Primary photobiont cyanobacterial (Nostoc). Stipe absent. Thallus orbicular to irregular in outline, up to 15 cm diam., sparsely branched, with 0–2 branches per 5 cm radius, branching polytomous; lobes suborbicular, horizontal, imbricate, plane to revolute, with rounded, revolute apices, margins entire to crenate, not thickened; lobe internodes 25–50 mm long, 25–60 mm broad; thallus coriaceous. Upper surface faveolate, grey to olive-brown when fresh, brownish grey in the herbarium, matt; surface pubescent, without papillae, pruina, and maculae; marginal cilia absent. Apothecia not observed. Isidia present, abundant, principally laminal, subaggregate, simple to branched or becoming coralloid, vertically oriented, up to 0.2 mm long and 0.05 mm broad, darker than the thallus, brown to blackish brown, shiny, granular to cylindrical; basal stalk when present cylindrical, without cyphellae. Lower surface uneven, white to cream-colored; primary tomentum dense up to the margin, thin to thick, hirsute to fasciculate, soft, white to cream-colored; secondary tomentum pubescent, white to cream-colored. Rhizines absent. Cyphellae scattered, 1–20 per cm 2 towards the thallus center and 21–40 per cm 2 towards the margin, rounded to irregular or becoming angular, plane, immersed, margin remaining below the level of the primary tomentum, white to cream-colored, with tomentum; pore 1–5 mm diam.; basal membrane pubescent, white, K – to K + pale yellow, C –, KC–, P –. Medulla lax, white, K – to K + pale yellow, C –, KC– to KC+ pale yellow, P –. No substances detected by TLC. Upper cortex paraplectenchymatous, 35–50 µm thick, uniform, consisting of 4–5 cell layers with cells 5–10 µ m diam., their walls 1.2–2.5 µm thick and their lumina rounded to isodiametric, 3–7 µm diam. Photobiont layer 35–60 µm thick, its cells 12–18 µm diam. Medulla 30–120 µm thick, its hyphae 2.5 µm broad, without crystals. Lower cortex paraplectenchymatous, 25–35 µm thick, with 2–3 cell layers; cells 4–10 µm diam., their walls 1.2–2.5 µm thick. Hairs of upper primary tomentum 130–160 µm long, in fascicles of up to six, branched hyphae with free, moniliform apices. Hairs of upper secondary tomentum 15–30 µm long, of single, branched, moniliform hyphae with free apices. Hairs of lower primary tomentum 350–480 µm long, in fascicles of 12–20, branched hyphae with free, moniliform apices. Hairs of lower secondary tomentum 20–50 µm long, of single, branched, moniliform hyphae with free apices. Cyphellae cavity 75–280 µm deep; cells of basal membrane without papillae. Distribution and Ecology: —Central American Cordilleras and South American Andes, as well as southern Chile (Guatemala to Chile). The species is found between 2300 and 4050 m altitude, in the páramo region and extending downwards into subandine and cool-temperate forests, usually in more or less exposed microsites. The Colombian records are from the Cordilleras Central and Occidental. The species grows mostly on bark but sometimes also on soil, usually associated with liverworts of the genera Metzgeria Raddi (1818), Lepicolea Dumort. (Dumortier 1835) and Plagiochila (Dumort.) Dumort. (Dumortier 1835), and the lichen Heterodermia circinalis (Zahlbr.) W. A. Weber (Weber 1981). Etymology: —The epithet refers to the superficial similarity with Sticta fuliginosa (Dicks.) Ach. (Acharius 2003) and the presence of a tomentum on the upper lobe surface. Remarks: —This is one of several species traditionally classified under the name Sticta fuliginosa (for an exact description of that species, see Suárez & Lücking 2012), sharing with the latter the broad, rounded, sparsely branched thallus lobes and laminal isidia, but differing in several morphological and anatomical details and being phylogenetically unrelated to S. fuliginosa s.str. (Moncada et al. 2012a). Thus, S. arachnofuliginosa is larger and more robust that S. fuliginosa and immediately set apart by the faveolate, tomentose upper lobe surface; in addition, the cyphellae are much larger and often becoming angular in outline and their basal membrane lacks papillae on the cells. Of all species with a S. fuliginosa gross morphology in Colombia, S. arachnofuliginosa appears to the most common and widespread (Moncada 2012), being in fact found throughout Central and South America. Additional specimens examined (paratypes): — GUATEMALA. Chimaltenango: Cerro de Tecpam; 4 Dec 1938, Standley 58725 (F, US). COLOMBIA. Boyacá: Mun. Arcabuco, 15 km from Arcabuco via Tunja; 2900 m; 11 Jul 1986, Sipman & Reyes 34392 (B, COL). Mun. El Cocuy, Parque Nacional Natural El Cocuy, Valle de las Lagunillas, Cabaña Sisuma; 6º 26' N, 72º 22' E; 3800 m; 19 Apr 2011, Fonseca & Martínez 27, 28, 62, 63 (UDBC). Parque Nacional Natural El Cocuy, Alto de la Cueva; 3800 m; 21 Apr 2011, Fonseca & Martínez 188a, 243 (UDBC). Mun. Villa de Leyva, SFF Iguaque, trail from ranger station vía Laguna de Iguaque; 2805 m; 24 May 2000, Moncada & Dávila 785 (UDBC). Caldas: Mun. Aranzazú, Vereda El Diamante, Finca El Porvenir 5º 15' N, 75º 26' E, 2600 m; 2010, Coca 570 (UDBC). Mun. Santa Rosa de Cabal, Nevado del Ruíz, northwest slope, near hotel of hot springs; 3500 m; 4 Feb 1979, Sipman & Valencia 10528 (COL, L). Cauca: Mun. Puracé, Volcán Puracé, near Pilimbalá; 3470 m; 5 Jan 1976, Cleef & Fernández-P. 493 (COL, L). Parque Nacional Natural Puracé, Pilimbalá, Laguna de San Rafael; 3300 m; 6 Oct 1984, Aguirre & Sipman 5979 (B, COL). Termales de San Juan; 3150 m; 14 Oct 1989, Cardona de Hollaender 992 (CUVC). Cundinamarca: Mun. Bogotá D. C., Parque Nacional Natural Sumapaz, Páramo de Chisacá, road from Usme to Nazareth, towards Laguna Grande.; 3700 m; 4 Sep 1984, Aguirre & Sipman 5004 (B, COL). Páramo de Chisacá, road towards Laguna Larga; 3500 m; 15 Jul 1986, Cardona de Hollaender et al. 40b (CUVC). Surroundings of Laguna de Chisacá; 4º 17' N, 74º 12' E, 3734 m; 8 Apr 2008, Beltrán et al. 51 (UDBC); ibid.; Ardila & Gómez 208 (UDBC), Moncada et al. 4027, 4034, 4049, 4129b, 4130, 4132, 4134b, 4139, 4149, 4227 (UDBC). Mun. Choachí, El Verjón. PE Matarredonda; 4º 33' N, 74º 00' E, 3220 m; 23 Jan 2011, Moncada 4607, 4618 (UDBC). Mun. Cogua, páramo between Cógua and San Cayetano, near Laguna Seca; 3685 m; 9 Nov 1972, Cleef 6139 (COL, L). Mun. Fómeque, Parque Nacional Natural Chingaza, road from Playa to Chuza; 3205 m; 1–4 Apr 1999, Dávila et al. 91 (UDBC). Parque Nacional Natural Chingaza, Río la Playa, Valle de los Frailejones; 3145 m; 1–4 May 1999, Moncada & Dávila 245b, 278, 302, 309, 325b (UDBC). Mun. Guasca, Páramo de Guasca; 3350 m; 18 Ago 2011, Moncada 4726 (UDBC); ibid.; 3200 m; 18 Ago 2011, Lücking 33342, 33346 (F, UDBC). Mun. La Calera, Páramo de Palacio; 3140 m; 22 Jul 1965, Merrill King et al. 482 (US). Zona de Amortiguación Parque Nacional Natural Chingaza, Vía del Ángulo towards Rincón del Oso; 3600 m; 7 Nov 2011, Moncada 4904, 4927 (UDBC). Mun. Villapinzón, Páramo de Villapinzón; 3300 m; 10 Sep 2002, Pinzón 1485 (COL). Huila: Mun. La Plata, Vereda La Candelaria, Rio La Candelaria waterfall; 2300 m; 16 Sep 1985, Aguirre & Sipman 6145 (B, COL). Norte de Santander: Mun. Toledo, Parque Nacional Natural Tamá, Sector El Paramito; 2800 m; 12 Sep 2000, Moncada & Dávila 1301, 1317 (UDBC). Risaralda: Mun. Pereira, Parque Nacional Natural Los Nevados, Laguna de Otún, northwest border; 3795 m; 16 Jan 1980, Boekhout 40 (COL). Mun. Santa Rosa de Cabal, Costado Occidental, Cordillera Central, 500 m south of Finca La Sierra; 3750 m; 1 Oct 1984, Aguirre & Sipman 5465 (B, COL). Tolima: Mun. Herveo, Parque Nacional Natural Los Nevados, Sector Brisas; 4050 m; 1–2 Jul 2002, Dávila 2643 (UDBC). VENEZUELA. Mérida: Sierra Nevada, Laguna Negra; 3500–3600 m; 5 Apr 1975, Hale & Figueiras 44556 (US). ECUADOR. Carchi: Valle de Maldonado, Carretera Tulcán-Maldonado; 3200 m; 18 May 1973, Nielsen et al. 5595c (US). CHILE. X. Región: Río Enco and roadside between Choshuenco and Enco; 39º 54' S, 72º 09' W, 400 m; Coppins et al. 8192 (BM). Parque Nacional Vicente Perez Rosales, Petrohue, Río Petrohue, near falls; 41º 08' S, 72º 27' W, 500 m; on rocks and in Nothofagus forest; 10 Dec 1986, Coppins et al. 8205 (BM). XI. Región: Laguna San Rafael; 46º 40' S, 74º 00' W; mature rainforest on hillside slopes above moraines of San Rafael Glacier; 28 Jan 1990, Galloway 9134 (BM). Laguna San Rafael National Park, vicinity of Puntilla del Cisne, around the hotel; 46º 38' S, 73º 51' W, 5–10 m; open scrubland with single Nothofagus and Embothrium, on dead scrub; 10 Nov 1997, Wedin 6052 (BM)., Published as part of Moncada, Bibiana & Lücking, Robert, 2012, Ten new species of Sticta and counting: Colombia as a hot spot for unrecognized diversification in a conspicuous macrolichen genus, pp. 1-29 in Phytotaxa 74 (1) on pages 4-6, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.74.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5066523, {"references":["Raddi, G. (1818) Jungermanniografia Etrusca. Memorie i Mathematica e di Fisica della Societa Italiana delle Scienze (Modena) 18: 14 - 56.","Dumortier, B. C. (1835) Recueil d'Observations sur les Jungermanniacees: Revision des Genres. Blanquart, Tournay.","Weber, W. A. (1981) Lichenes Exsiccati distributed by the University of Colorado Museum, Boulder: Fascicles 1 - 15, nos. 1 - 600, 1961 - 1979. Mycotaxon 13: 85 - 104.","Suarez, A. & Lucking, R. (2012) Sticta viviana (lichenized Ascomycota: Peltigerales: Lobariaceae), a new species from Colombian paramos. Lichenologist (in press).","Moncada, B., Lucking, R., Parmnen, S. & Lumbsch, H. T. (2012 a) Sticta fuliginosa (Lobariaceae): species or morphotype? In: The 7 th IAL Symposium: Lichens: From Genome to Ecosystems in a Changing World. Abstracts: 159. Ramkhamhaeng University Press, Bangkok, Thailand."]}

Sticta isidiokunthii Moncada & Lücking, spec. nov. (Fig. 3) MycoBank #801845 Differing from Sticta kunthii in the presence of marginal isidia. Holotype: — COLOMBIA. Cundinamarca: Mun. La Calera, Parque Nacional Natural Chingaza, Monterrendondo; 4º 44' N, 73º 51' W; 3430 m; 13 Apr 2011, Moncada 4630 (UDBC; isotypes: COL, F). Primary photobiont cyanobacterial (Nostoc). Stipe absent. Thallus irregular to suborbicular, up to 15 cm diam., moderately branched, with 3–5 branches per 5 cm radius, branching polytomous; lobes laciniate to flabellate, horizontal to subpendulous, imbricate, involute to weakly canaliculate, with their apices irregular and involute and their margins crenate to lacerate, not thickened; lobe internodes (5–)8–25(–35) mm long, (5–)10–20(–30) mm broad; thallus coriaceous. Upper surface pitted to rugose-foveolate towards the center, dark green when fresh, greyish brown with darker apices in the herbarium, shiny; surface glabrous, without papillae and pruina but with irregular, scattered, white maculae; marginal cilia absent. Apothecia sparse, principally laminal, dispersed, subpedicellate, with pronounced invagination on lower side, up to 2.5 mm diam.; disc orange-brown to red-brown, shiny; margin hirsute, with white to brown hairs. Isidia abundant, predominantly marginal, aggregate, branched to coralloid, vertically to obliquely oriented, up to 0.5 mm long and 0.5 mm broad, darker than the thallus, greenish brown to dark brown, shiny, granular to cylindrical or very slightly flattened; basal stalk when present flattened, without cyphellae. Lower surface uneven, beige to dark brown towards the center; primary tomentum dense, thick but thinner towards the margin, spongy, soft, beige; secondary tomentum absent. Rhizines absent. Cyphellae 1–10 per cm 2 towards the thallus center and 21–40 per cm 2 towards the margin, scattered, irregular, urceolate with wide pore, erumpent to sessile, remaining below the level of the primary tomentum, with the margin elevated and involute, cream-colored, without tomentum; pore (0.25–)0.5–1(–2) mm diam.; basal membrane pubescent, white, K – to K + pale yellow, C –, KC–, P –. Medulla compact, white, K + ochraceous yellow, C –, KC–, P –. No substances detected by TLC. Upper cortex paraplectenchymatous, 25–50 µm thick, uniform, consisting of 2–3 cell layers with cells 8–19 µm diam., their walls 0.6–1.5 µm thick and their lumina rounded to isodiametric, 6–16 µm diam. Photobiont layer 25–50 µm thick, its cells 10–20 µm diam. Medulla 50–150 µm thick, its hyphae 2.5 µm broad, without crystals. Lower cortex paraplectenchymatous, 20–25 µm thick, with 2 cell layers; cells 8–14 µm diam., their walls 1.2–1.5 µm thick. Hairs of lower primary tomentum 125–450 µm long, in fascicles of 12–20, unbranched hyphae, septate with free apices. Cyphellae cavity 100–130 µm deep; cells of basal membrane without papillae. Apothecia biatorine, 400–500 µm high, with distinct stipe; excipulum 100–130 µm broad, laterally with projecting hairs. Hymenium 70–80 µm high; epihymenium 2.5–5 µm high, orangebrown, without gelatinous upper layer. Ascospores not observed. Distribution and Ecology: —South American Andes (Colombia and Bolivia), found between 2290 and 3600 m altitude, in subandine forest and páramo regions, on bark of shrubs and treelets in more or less exposed microhabitats; usually associated with liverworts of the genera Metzgeria and Microlejeunea Stephani (1888) and lichens of the genera Leptogium (Ach.) Gray (Gray 1821), Erioderma Fée (Fée 1825), and Sticta. Etymology: —This species resembles Sticta kunthii Hook f. (Kunth 1822) in thallus morphology but produces isidia. Remarks: —This new species has pitted thallus lobes and a general thallus morphology as in Sticta kunthii and its relatives (Galloway 1995), but differs from those species in the marginal isidia, whereas apothecia are very rare. Sticta isidiokunthii is not the isidiate counterpart of S. kunthii s.str., but instead forms its own clade (Moncada et al. 2012a). Because of the marginal isidia, S. isidiokunthii could be confused with S. weigelii and similar species (McDonald et al. 2003; Galloway 2006), but differs from those in the pitted lobe surface and the pale underside. Additional specimens examined (paratypes): — COLOMBIA. Boyacá: Mun. El Cocuy, Parque Nacional Natural El Cocuy, Alto de la Cueva; 3800 m; 21 Apr 2011, Fonseca & Martínez 225b, 247 (UDBC). Mun. Villa de Leyva, SFF Iguaque, surroundings of the administrative building; 2805 m; 24 May 2000, Moncada & Dávila 844 (UDBC). Cundinamarca: Mun. Bogotá D. C., Parque Nacional Natural Sumapaz, Páramo de Chisacá, Santa Rosa, Bodegas de Sumapaz, Valle del Rio Colorados (Santa Rosita); 3460 m; 20 Aug 1976, Van der Hammen & Jaramillo-M. 4354 (B, COL). Mun. Choachí, El Verjón, PE Matarredonda; 4º 33' N, 74º 00' E; 3220 m; 23 Jan 2011, Moncada 4587 (UDBC). Mun. Guasca, Páramo de Guasca; 3350 m; 18 Aug 2011, Moncada 4760, 4761, 4764 (UDBC); ibid.; Lücking 33302, 33320, 33330 (F, UDBC). Mun. La Calera, Parque Nacional Natural Chingaza, Monterredondo; 4º 44' N, 73º 50' E; 3430 m; 13 Apr 2011, Moncada 4624, 4629, 4631, 4632, 4633, 4634, 4643 (UDBC). Zona de Amortiguación Parque Nacional Natural Chingaza, Vía del Ángulo towards Rincón del Oso; 3600 m; 7 Nov 2011, Moncada 4959, 4969 (UDBC). Mun. San Antonio del Tequendama, PN Chicaque; 2290 m; 23 May 1996, Moncada & Dávila 19b (UDBC). Norte de Santander: Mun. Toledo, Parque Nacional Natural Tamá, Sector Orocué, surroundings of administrative building; 2490 m; 11 Sep 2000, Moncada & Dávila 1047 (UDBC); ibid.; 2650 m; 12 Sep 2000, Moncada & Dávila 1203 (UDBC). Tolima: Unknown locality; 1844, Goudot s.n. (PC). Mun. Santa Isabel, Camino Real between La Bodega and El Ochoral; 2940 m; 16 Feb 1980, Valencia & Boekhout 191to (COL). BOLIVIA. La Paz: Mapiri; Jan 1893, Bang 1754 (US; as Sticta querzicans var. peruviana)., Published as part of Moncada, Bibiana & Lücking, Robert, 2012, Ten new species of Sticta and counting: Colombia as a hot spot for unrecognized diversification in a conspicuous macrolichen genus, pp. 1-29 in Phytotaxa 74 (1) on pages 9-11, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.74.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5066523, {"references":["Stephani, F. (1888) Westindische Hepaticae. Hedwigia 27: 276 - 302.","Gray, S. F. (1821) A Natural Arrangement of British Plants according to each other, as pointed out by Jussieu, De Candolle, Brown etc. with an Introduction to Botany. London.","Fee, A. L. A. (1825) Essai sur les Cryptogames des Ecorces Exotiques Officinales. Paris.","Kunth, C. S. (1822) Synopsis plantarum, quas in itinere circa plagas Orbis Novi colleg. Humboldt et Bonpland. Paris.","Galloway, D. J., Stenroos, S. & Ferraro, L. I. (1995) Flora Criptogamica de Tierra del Fuego. Lichenes Peltigerales: Lobariaceae y Stictaceae, Vol. 6, Fasc. 6. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas de la Republica Argentina, Buenos Aires.","Moncada, B., Lucking, R., Parmnen, S. & Lumbsch, H. T. (2012 a) Sticta fuliginosa (Lobariaceae): species or morphotype? In: The 7 th IAL Symposium: Lichens: From Genome to Ecosystems in a Changing World. Abstracts: 159. Ramkhamhaeng University Press, Bangkok, Thailand.","McDonald, T., Miadlikowska, J. & Lutzoni, F. (2003) The lichen genus Sticta in the Great Smoky Mountains: a phylogenetic study of morphologial, chemical, and molecular data. The Bryologist 106: 61 - 79."]}

Sticta papillata Moncada & Lücking, spec. nov. (Fig. 6) MycoBank #801848 Differing from Sticta dilatata in the shorter stipe and entire apothecial margin. Holotype: — COLOMBIA Cundinamarca: Mun. Villapinzón, Páramo de Villapinzón; 3200 m; 1 Oct 2010, Alfonso 3 (UDBC). Primary photobiont cyanobacterial (Nostoc). Stipe present but indistinct, up to 5 mm long. Thallus palmate to irregular in outline, up to 10 cm diam., moderately branched, with 3–5 branches per 5 cm radius, branching polytomous to anisotomous; lobes laciniate to flabellate, ascending to almost vertical, adjacent to imbricate, involute to weakly canaliculate, their apices rounded, involute, their margins entire to crenate, not thickened; lobe internodes (5–)6–10(–12) mm long, (5–)8–12(–15) mm broad; thallus coriaceous. Upper surface smooth, dark green when fresh, greenish brown in the herbarium, shiny; surface glabrous, without papillae and pruina, but with abundant, irregular, cream-colored maculae; marginal cilia abundant, penicillate to agglutinate, dark brown, up to 1.5 mm long. Vegetative propagules absent. Apothecia principally laminal, dispersed, subpedicellate, with pronounced invagination on lower side, up to 1 mm diam.; disc red-brown, matt; margin entire, cream-colored. Lower surface smooth to uneven, cream-colored to pale brown towards the center; primary tomentum dense but sparse towards the margin, thick, becoming thin towards the margin, spongy, soft, dark brown; secondary tomentum present but sometimes indistinct, arachnoid, pale. Rhizines absent. Cyphellae 1–10 per cm 2 towards the thallus center and 41–60 per cm 2 towards the margin, scattered, rounded, plane to cupuliform, erumpent to sessile, remaining below the level of the primary tomentum, with the margin elevated to weakly involute, white, without tomentum; pore (0.8–)1–1.25(–1.8) mm diam.; basal membrane pubescent, white, K+ pale yellow, C–, KC–, P–. Medulla compact, white, K+ yellow, C–, KC–, P–. No substances detected by TLC. Upper cortex paraplectenchymatous, 12–35 µm thick, uniform, consisting of 3–5 cell layers with cells 3–10 µm diam., their walls 1.2–2.5 µm thick and their lumina rounded to isodiametric, 1.5–7 µm diam. Photobiont layer 20–70 µm thick, its cells 10–18 µm diam. Medulla 20–70 µm thick, its hyphae 2.5 µm broad, without crystals. Lower cortex paraplectenchymatous, 8–18 µm thick, with 2–3 cell layers; cells 2.5–6.5 µm diam., their walls 0.6–1.2 µm thick. Hairs of lower primary tomentum 120–720 µm long, in fascicles of more than 20, unbranched hyphae, septate with intertwined apices. Hairs of lower secondary tomentum 5–10 µm long, of single, unbranched hyphae, septate with free apices. Cyphellae cavity 80–170 µm deep; cells of the basal membrane with 4–6 papillae. Distribution and Ecology: —South American Andes (Colombia); found within a comparatively narrow altitudinal range of 2720–3200 m in (sub-)andine forests of the Cordilleras Occidental and Oriental, in moderately exposed microhabitats; growing on bark of trees and shrubs, associated with liverworts of the genera Radula and Metzgeria and lichens of the genus Leptogium, among others. Etymology: —Named after the distinct papillae on the cells of the basal membrane of the cyphellae; this was the first species in which we rediscovered this character after Vainio (1890) had initially described it for Sticta laevis (Nyl.) Vain. (Vainio 1890). Remarks: — Sticta papillata belongs in a group of various species with pedunculate, much branched thallus having rather narrow, distinctly ciliate lobes that produce very large and conspicuous cyphellae with more than one papillae per cell on their basal membrane. It is most similar to S. dilatata (Nyl.) Vain. (Vainio 1913), but has narrower lobes, entire instead of crenulate apothecial margins, and a less distinct stipe. It should be mentioned here that the name S. dilatata is misapplied in the literature. Zahlbruckner (1925) assumed that Vainio (1913) had based his combination on S. laciniata var. dilatata Nyl., a taxon described from Colombia and later renamed S. granatensis by Nylander (1874). However, Vainio (1913) based his combination on a very different lichen, S. tomentosa var. dilatata Nyl., also described from Colombia (Nylander 1860). Additional specimens examined (paratypes): — COLOMBIA. Cundinamarca: Mun. Guasca, Vereda La Concepción, basin of the Tunjo; 3000 m; 20 Jun 1989, Sánchez & Linares 1159 (COL). Mun. Guasca, Páramo de Guasca; 3200 m; 18 Ago 2011, Lücking 33370 (F, UDBC). Nariño: Mun. Piedrancha, La Planada, San Isidro, south of Ricaurte (road from Pasto to Tumaco); 1750 m; 2 Jun 1993, Sipman et al. 32871 (B, COL). Norte de Santander: Mun. Toledo, Parque Nacional Natural Tamá, trail from Quebrada la Pedrera to Paramito; 2680 m; 10 Sep 2000, Moncada & Dávila 988 (UDBC); ibid., Sector El Paramito; 2720 m; 12 Sep 2000, Moncada & Dávila 1274 (UDBC)., Published as part of Moncada, Bibiana & Lücking, Robert, 2012, Ten new species of Sticta and counting: Colombia as a hot spot for unrecognized diversification in a conspicuous macrolichen genus, pp. 1-29 in Phytotaxa 74 (1) on pages 15-17, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.74.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5066523, {"references":["Vainio, E. A. (1890) Etude sur la classification et la morphologie des lichens du Bresil, I. Acta Societas pro Fauna et Flora Fennica 7: V - XXIX, 1 - 247.","Vainio, E. A. (1913) Lichenes Insularum Philippinarum II. Philippine Journal of Science C, Botany, 8: 99 - 137.","Zahlbruckner, A. (1925) Catalogus Lichenum Universalis 3. Borntraeger, Leipzig.","Nylander, W. (1874) Animadversiones circa Spruce Lichenes Amazonicos et Andinos. Flora 57: 70 - 73.","Nylander, W. (1860) Synopsis Methodica Lichenum Omnium Hucusque Cognitorum Praemissa Introductione Lingua Gallica Tractata. Martinet, Paris."]}

Moncada, Bibiana, Lücking, Robert (2012): Ten new species of Sticta and counting: Colombia as a hot spot for unrecognized diversification in a conspicuous macrolichen genus. Phytotaxa 74 (1): 1-29, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.74.1.1, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.74.1.1

As part of our ongoing project of new acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from lower marine and terrestrial species, a phytochemical investigation was conducted on a foliose lichen, Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm. (Lobariaceae), from Bosnia and Herzegovina. The study led to the isolation of a mixture of acetylated depsidones which showed a moderate activity (0.5 mu g) in the acetylcholinesterase inhibition test on Thin-layer chromatography plate. Our results indicate for the first time the significance of depsidones, highly specific metabolites from lichen species, in searching for these inhibitors which still represent the best drugs currently available for the management of Alzheimer's disease.

The continuation of our phytochemical survey of Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm. (Lobariaceae), has led to the isolation and identification of a new lichen depsidone (1) characterised by the normal analytical and spectroscopic techniques. Unlike previously isolated depsidone (2) from the same species, the compound 1 has not showed activity in the acetylcholinesterase inhibition test on Thin-layer chromatography plate.

Seven β-orcinol depsidones were isolated from Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm. var. meridionalis (Vain) Zahlbr. gathered on Pinus canariensis, three, methylstictic acid, hypostictic acid and cryptostictic acid, for the first time from this species. Stictic acid and constictic acid acetone condensation derivatives were formed during the extraction process. The possible chemotaxonomic implications are discussed.

First record of Sticta fuliginosa (Dicks.) Ach. (Lobariaceae) in the Iberian SE Palabras clave. Liquen, epífito, Sticta, Sierra de Cazorla, Jaén. Key words. Lichen, epiphyte, Sticta, Sierra de Cazorla, Jaén.

Lichen crocatus Linnaeus, Mantissa Plantarum Altera: 310. 1771. "Habitat in India. Koenig." RCN: 8209. Lectotype (Howe in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 2)9: 201. 1912): König s.n. , Herb. Linn. No. 1273.137 (LINN). Current name: Pseudocyphellaria crocata (L.) Vain. (Lobariaceae). Note: See review by Jørgensen & al. (in Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 115: 299, f. 21. 1994)., Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part L), pp. 610-650 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 625, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971

Lichen pulmonarius Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 2: 1145. 1753. "Habitat in Europae sylvis umbrosis super arbores antiquas, praesertim in Fagis & Quercubus. arboreus." RCN: 8198. Lectotype (Yoshimura & Hawksworth in J. Jap. Bot. 45: 36. 1970): Herb. Linn. No. 1273.103, lower specimen (LINN). Current name: Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm. (Lobariaceae). Note: See review by Jørgensen & al. (in Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 115: 343, 380. 1994), who illustrate the type (as f. 50; p. 344 as does Jørgensen in Symb. Bot. Upsal. 33(3): 88, f. 7. 2005)., Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part L), pp. 610-650 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 629, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971

James Murray (1923–1961), an organic chemist by profession, was also New Zealand’s first modern lichenologist. Having a wide knowledge of New Zealand plants, and a very competent grasp of post-war natural product chemistry, he was well qualified to take up lichens at a period when chemosystematics was just becoming important in the group. His early published work was to influence the emerging field of lichen bioactive compounds, and 50 years later, generic concepts in the Lobariaceae. Murray’s joint careers in organic chemistry and lichenology were tragically cut short by his early accidental death; his legacy being a handful of papers and an extensive lichen herbarium (now at OTA). However, James Murray’s example and influence have resonated much more widely than these concrete accomplishments. To enable his contributions to be properly appreciated, the present biographical memoir outlines his life, work and legacy to modern lichenology. The genus Yarrumia D.J.Galloway is described in Murray’s honour and two new combinations are made: Y. colensoi (C.Bab.) D.J.Galloway and Y. coronata (Müll.Arg.) D.J.Galloway.

Five lichens species of the Pseudocyphellaria genus from Puyehue National Park, Southern Chile were studied. Quantitative analysis showed significant differences in the chemical composition by comparison with previously described results performed by TLC Se estudiaron 5 especies liquénicas del género Pseudocyphellaria del Parque Nacional Puyehue (X Región). Mediante un análisis cuantitativo, se encontraron diferencias significativas en la composición química al comparar con los resultados previamente descritos en literatura y realizados por ccf