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From the overlap lattice quark propagator calculated in the Landau gauge, we determine the quark chiral condensate by fitting operator product expansion formulas to the lattice data. The quark propagators are computed on domain wall fermion configurations generated by the RBC-UKQCD Collaborations with $N_f=2+1$ flavors. Three ensembles with different light sea quark masses are used at one lattice spacing $1/a=1.75(4)$ GeV. We obtain $\langle\bar\psi\psi\rangle^{\overline{\rm MS}}(2\mbox{ GeV})=(-305(15)(21)\mbox{ MeV})^3$ in the SU(2) chiral limit., Comment: 17 pages, 6 figures

We propose a novel type of interpolating field operators, which manifests the hybrid-like configuration that the charm quark-antiquark pair recoils against gluonic degrees of freedom. A heavy vector charmonium-like state with a mass of $4.33(2)\,{\rm GeV}$ is disentangled from the conventional charmonium states in the quenched approximation. This state has affinity for the hybrid-like operators but couples less to the relevant quark bilinear operator. We also try to extract its leptonic decay constant and give a tentative upper limit that it is less than one tenth of that of $J/\psi$, which corresponds to a leptonic decay width about dozens of eV. The connection of this state with $X(4260)$ is also discussed., Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures, to be submitted to Chinese Physics C

We present an exploratory lattice study for the two-photon decay of $\eta_c$ using $N_f=2$ twisted mass lattice QCD gauge configurations generated by the European Twisted Mass Collaboration. Two different lattice spacings of $a=0.067$fm and $a=0.085$fm are used in the study, both of which are of physical size of 2$fm$. The decay widths are found to be $1.025(5)$KeV for the coarser lattice and $1.062(5)$KeV for the finer lattice respectively where the errors are purely statistical. A naive extrapolation towards the continuum limit yields $\Gamma\simeq 1.122(14)$KeV which is smaller than the previous quenched result and most of the current experimental results. Possible reasons are discussed., Comment: 13 pages, 7 figures; matches the published version

The $\Omega$ baryons with $J^P=3/2^\pm, 1/2^\pm$ are studied on the lattice in the quenched approximation. Their mass levels are ordered as $M_{3/2^+}

We calculate diquark correlation functions in the Landau gauge on the lattice using overlap valence quarks and 2+1-flavor domain wall fermion configurations. Quark masses are extracted from the scalar part of quark propagators in the Landau gauge. Scalar diquark quark mass difference and axial vector scalar diquark mass difference are obtained for diquarks composed of two light quarks and of a strange and a light quark. Light sea quark mass dependence of the results is examined. Two lattice spacings are used to check the discretization effects. The coarse and fine lattices are of sizes $24^3\times64$ and $32^3\times64$ with inverse spacings $1/a=1.75(4) {\rm~GeV}$ and $2.33(5) {\rm~GeV}$, respectively., Comment: 9 figures

We propose a strategy to access the $q\bar{q}$ component of the $\rho$ resonance in lattice QCD. Through a mixed action formalism (overlap valence on domain wall sea), the energy of the $q\bar{q}$ component is derived at different valence quark masses, and shows a linear dependence on $m_\pi^2$. The slope is determined to be $c_1=0.505(3)\,{\rm GeV}^{-1}$, from which the valence $\pi \rho$ sigma term is extracted to be $\sigma_{\pi \rho}^{(\rm val)}=9.82(6)$ MeV using the Feynman-Hellman theorem. At the physical pion mass, the mass of the $q\bar{q}$ component is interpolated to be $m_\rho=775.9\pm 6.0\pm 1.8$ MeV, which is close to the $\rho$ resonance mass. We also obtain the leptonic decay constant of the $q\bar{q}$ component to be $f_{\rho^-}=208.5\pm 5.5\pm 0.9$ MeV, which can be compared with the experimental value $f_{\rho}^{\rm exp}\approx 221$ MeV through the relation $f_{\rho}^{\rm exp}=\sqrt{Z_\rho}f_{\rho^\pm} $ with $Z_\rho\approx 1.13$ being the on-shell wavefunction renormalization of $\rho$ owing to the $\rho-\pi$ interaction. We emphasize that $m_\rho$ and $f_\rho$ of the $q\bar{q}$ component, which are obtained for the first time from QCD, can be taken as the input parameters of $\rho$ in effective field theory studies where $\rho$ acts as a fundamental degree of freedom., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures. Considerably modified, more discussions, matching to the published version

In this paper, low-energy scattering of the $(D^{*}\bar{D}^{*})^\pm$ meson system is studied within L\"uscher's finite-size formalism using $N_{f}=2$ twisted mass gauge field configurations. With three different pion mass values, the $s$-wave threshold scattering parameters, namely the scattering length $a_0$ and the effective range $r_0$, are extracted in $J^P=1^+$ channel. Our results indicate that, in this particular channel, the interaction between the two vector charmed mesons is weakly repulsive in nature hence do not support the possibility of a shallow bound state for the two mesons, at least for the pion mass values being studied. This study provides some useful information on the nature of the newly discovered resonance-like structure $Z_c(4025)$ observed in various experiments., Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1403.1318

Hadron masses can be decomposed as a sum of components which are defined through hadronic matrix elements of QCD operators. The components consist of the quark mass term, the quark energy term, the glue energy term and the trace anomaly term. We calculate these components of mesons with lattice QCD for the first time. The calculation is carried out with overlap fermion on $2+1$ flavor domain-wall fermion gauge configurations. We confirm that $\sim 50\%$ of the light pion mass comes from the quark mass and $\sim 10\%$ comes from the quark energy, whereas, the contributions are found to be the other way around for the $\rho$ mass. The combined glue components contribute $\sim 40 - 50\%$ for both mesons. It is interesting to observe that the quark mass contribution to the mass of the vector meson is almost linear in quark mass over a large quark mass region below the charm quark mass. For heavy mesons, the quark mass term dominates the masses, while the contribution from the glue components is about $400\sim500$ MeV for the heavy pseudoscalar and vector mesons. The charmonium hyperfine splitting is found to be dominated by the quark energy term which is consistent with the quark potential model., Comment: 7 Pages, 4 figures, contribution to the 32nd International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (Lattice 2014), 23-28 June 2014, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA

The Bethe-Salpeter wave functions of $SU(3)$ pure gauge glueballs are revisited in this study. The ground and the first excited states of scalar and tensor glueballs are identified unambiguously by using the variational method on the basis of large operator sets. We calculate their wave functions in the Coulomb gauge and use two lattices with different lattice spacings to check the discretization artifacts. For ground states, the radial wave functions are approximately Gaussian and the size of the tensor is twice as large as that of the scalar. For the first excited states, the radial nodes are clearly observed for both the scalar and the tensor glueballs, such that they can be interpreted as the first radial excitations. These observations may shed light on the theoretical understanding of the inner structure of glueballs., Comment: published in PRD

We use overlap fermions as valence quarks to calculate meson masses in a wide quark mass range on the $2+1$-flavor domain-wall fermion gauge configurations generated by the RBC and UKQCD Collaborations. The well-defined quark masses in the overlap fermion formalism and the clear valence quark mass dependence of meson masses observed from the calculation facilitate a direct derivation of physical current quark masses through a global fit to the lattice data, which incorporates $O(a^2)$ and $O(m_c^4a^4)$ corrections, chiral extrapolation, and quark mass interpolation. Using the physical masses of $D_s$, $D_s^*$ and $J/\psi$ as inputs, Sommer's scale parameter $r_0$ and the masses of charm quark and strange quark in the $\overline{\rm MS}$ scheme are determined to be $r_0=0.465(4)(9)$ fm, $m_c^{\overline{\rm MS}}(2\,{\rm GeV})=1.118(6)(24)$ GeV (or $m_c^{\overline{\rm MS}}(m_c)=1.304(5)(20)$ GeV), and $m_s^{\overline{\rm MS}}(2\,{\rm GeV})=0.101(3)(6)\,{\rm GeV}$, respectively. Furthermore, we observe that the mass difference of the vector meson and the pseudoscalar meson with the same valence quark content is proportional to the reciprocal of the square root of the valence quark masses. The hyperfine splitting of charmonium, $M_{J/\psi}-M_{\eta_c}$, is determined to be 119(2)(7) MeV, which is in good agreement with the experimental value. We also predict the decay constant of $D_s$ to be $f_{D_s}=254(2)(4)$ MeV. The masses of charmonium $P$-wave states $\chi_{c0}, \chi_{c1}$ and $h_c$ are also in good agreement with experiments., Comment: 19 pages, 15 figures, revised version accepted for publication in PRD

Hadron masses can be decomposed as a sum of quark and glue components which are defined through hadronic matrix elements of QCD operators. The components consist of the quark mass term, the quark energy term, the glue energy term, and the trace anomaly term. We calculate these components for mesons with lattice QCD for the first time. The calculation is carried out with overlap fermion on $2+1$ flavor domain-wall fermion gauge configurations. We confirm that $\sim 50\%$ of the light pion mass comes from the quark mass term and $\sim 10\%$ comes from the quark energy; whereas, while for the $\rho$ meson, the quark energy contributes roughly half of its mass but the quark mass term contributes little. The combined glue components contribute $\sim 40 - 50\%$ for both mesons. It is interesting to observe that the quark mass contribution to the mass of the vector meson is almost linear in quark mass over a large quark mass region below the charm quark mass. For heavy mesons, the quark mass term dominates the masses, while the contribution from the glue components is about $200$ MeV (a bare value around 2GeV) for the heavy pseudoscalar and vector mesons. The charmonium hyperfine splitting is found to be dominated by the quark energy term which is consistent with the picture of the quark potential model., Comment: 8 pages, 12 figures, revised version accept to PRD. Typo corrected

In this exploratory lattice study, low-energy scattering of the $(D\bar{D}^{*})^\pm$ meson system is analyzed using lattice QCD with $N_f=2$ twisted mass fermion configurations with three pion mass values. The calculation is performed within single-channel L\"uscher's finite-size formalism. The threshold scattering parameters, namely the scattering length $a_0$ and the effective range $r_0$, for the $s$-wave scattering in $J^P=1^+$ channel are extracted. For the cases in our study, the interaction between the two charmed mesons is weakly repulsive. Our lattice results therefore do not support the possibility of a shallow bound state for the two mesons for the pion mass values we studied. This calculation provides some useful information on the nature of the newly discovered resonance-like structure $Z_c(3900)$ by various experimental groups., Comment: 14 pages, 6 figures. Version accepted by PRD

We present renormalization constants of overlap quark bilinear operators on 2+1-flavor domain wall fermion configurations. This setup is being used by the chiQCD collaboration in calculations of physical quantities such as strangeness in the nucleon and the strange and charm quark masses. The scale independent renormalization constant for the axial vector current is computed using the Ward Identity. The renormalization constants for scalar, pseudoscalar and vector current are calculated in the RI-MOM scheme. Results in the MS-bar scheme are also given. The step scaling function of quark masses in the RI-MOM scheme is computed as well. The analysis uses, in total, six different ensembles of three sea quarks each on two lattices with sizes 24^3x64 and 32^3x64 at spacings a=(1.73 GeV)^{-1} and (2.28 GeV)^{-1}, respectively., Comment: 26 pages, 17 figures. More discussions on O(4) breaking effects, and on the perturbative running and a^2p^2 extrapolation of Zs. A subsection for the calculation of the step scaling function of quark mass is added. References added. Version to appear in PRD

We present renormalization constants of overlap quark bilinear operators on 2+1-flavor domain wall fermion configurations. Both overlap and domain wall fermions have chiral symmetry on the lattice. The scale independent renormalization constant for the local axial vector current is computed using a Ward Identity. The renormalization constants for the scalar, pseudoscalar and vector current are calculated in the RI-MOM scheme. Results in the MS-bar scheme are obtained by using perturbative conversion ratios. The analysis uses in total six ensembles with lattice sizes 24^3x64 and 32^3x64., Comment: 7 pages, 10 figures, presented at the 31st International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (LATTICE 2013), 29 July - 3 August 2013, Mainz, Germany

We calculate the differential branching fractions and angular distributions of the rare decays $B^0 \to K^{*0} \mu^+ \mu^-$ and $B_s^0 \to \phi \mu^+ \mu^-$, using for the first time form factors from unquenched lattice QCD. We focus on the kinematic region where the $K^*$ or $\phi$ recoils softly; there the newly available form factors are most precise and the nonlocal matrix elements can be included via an operator product expansion. Our results for the differential branching fractions calculated in the Standard Model are higher than the experimental data. We consider the possibility that the deviations are caused by new physics, and perform a fit of the Wilson coefficients $C_9$ and $C_9^\prime$ to the experimental data for multiple $B^0 \to K^{*0} \mu^+ \mu^-$ and $B_s^0 \to \phi \mu^+ \mu^-$ observables. In agreement with recent results from complementary studies, we obtain $C_9-C_9^{SM} = -1.0 \pm 0.6$ and $C_9^\prime = 1.2 \pm 1.0$, whose deviations from zero would indicate the presence of non-standard fundamental interactions., Comment: 6 pages. Updated form factors according to arXiv:1310.3722v3. New discussion of charmonium resonances. Accepted by PRL

The rare decays $B^0 \to K^{*0} \mu^+ \mu^-$ and $B_s \to \phi \mu^+ \mu^-$ are now being observed with enough precision to test Standard Model predictions. A full understanding of these decays requires accurate determinations of the corresponding hadronic form factors. Here we present results of lattice QCD calculations of the $B \to K^*$ and $B_s \to \phi$ form factors; we also determine the form factors relevant for the tree-level decays $B_s \to K^* \ell \nu$. We use full-QCD configurations including 2+1 flavors of sea quarks using an improved staggered action, and we employ lattice non-relativistic QCD to describe the bottom quark., Comment: 23 pages. Version 3 (accepted to Phys. Rev. D) includes interpolations to the physical strange quark mass. Central values shift by less than 1 sigma. Tables and figures updated accordingly

In the generic domain wall fermion formulation of chiral fermions on the lattice, the zero modes of the four-dimensional Wilson fermion operator with the negative mass parameter $-M_5$ introduce unphysical massive modes propagating in the four-dimensional spacetime. In the free fermion case, the pole mass of this kind of unphysical modes is given by $\tilde{E}=\ln(1-M_5)$, which acquires an imaginary part, $i\pi$, when $M_5>1$ and results in an oscillatory behavior of the domain wall fermion propagator in time. The existence of the unphysical modes in the presence of gauge fields is investigated in the mean field approximation, and their physical consequences are discussed. In addition, we also give a semiquantitative criterion for tuning $M_5$ in the realistic numerical study., Comment: 7 pages, no figures. Minor corrections to match the published version

Properties of $2^{-+}$ charmonium $\eta_{c2}$ are investigated in quenched lattice QCD. The mass of $\eta_{c2}$ is determined to be 3.80(3) GeV, which is close to the mass of $D$-wave charmonium $\psi(3770)$ and in agreement with quark model predictions. The transition width of $\eta_{c2}\to \gamma J/\psi$ is also obtained with a value $\Gamma=3.8(9)$ keV. Since the possible $2^{-+}$ assignment to X(3872) has not been ruled out by experiments, our results help to clarify the nature of X(3872)., Comment: 15 pages, 8 figures. typos, grammatical errors and some references corrected, redundant discussions deleted, conclusion does not change. published version

Lattice QCD can contribute to the search for new physics in b -> s decays by providing first-principle calculations of B -> K(*) form factors. Preliminary results are presented here which complement sum rule determinations by being done at large q^2 and which improve upon previous lattice calculations by working directly in the physical b sector on unquenched gauge field configurations., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, Proceedings of CKM2010, the 6th International Workshop on the CKM Unitarity Triangle, University of Warwick, UK, 6-10 September 2010

We investigate the combined use of moving NRQCD and stochastic sources in lattice calculations of form factors describing rare B and B_s decays. Moving NRQCD leads to a reduction of discretisation errors compared to standard NRQCD. Stochastic sources are tested for reduction of statistical errors., Comment: v2: several typos corrected. 15 pages, combined contribution to the XXVII International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, July 26-31, 2009, Peking University, Beijing, China

We study the role of diquarks in light baryons through point to point baryon correlators. We contrast results from quenched simulations with ones with two flavors of dynamical overlap fermions. The scalar, pseudoscalar and axial vector diquarks are combined with light quarks to form color singlets. The quenched simulation shows large zero mode effects in correlators containing the scalar and pseudoscalar diquark. The two scalar diquarks created by gamma_5 and gamma_0gamma_5 lead to different behavior in baryon correlators, showing that the interaction of diquarks with the third light quark matters: we do not see an isolated diquark. In our quark mass range, the scalar diquark created by gamma_5 seems to play a greater role than the others., Comment: 12 pages, 11 figures

We present our preliminary results on the lowest moment of quark distribution functions of the pion using two flavor dynamical simulations with Wilson twisted mass fermions at maximal twist. The calculation is done in a range of pion masses from 300 to 500 MeV. A stochastic source method is used to reduce inversions in calculating propagators. Finite volume effects at the lowest quark mass are examined by using two different lattice volumes. Our results show that we achieve statistical errors of only a few percent. We plan to compute renormalization constants non-perturbatively and extend the calculation to two more lattice spacings and to the nucleons., Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures. Talk given at the XXV International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, July 30 - August 4 2007, Regensburg, Germany