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AIM: To investigate the oncolytic effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUMSCs) delivering reovirus type 3 (Reo3) on chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) K562 cells. METHODS: The expression of junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A), a receptor susceptible to Reo3, on the surface of hUMSCs and K562 cells was assessed by flow cytometry. Intracellular viral inclusion body distribution 72 h after Reo3 infection in hUMSCs was observed by electron microscopy. The hUMSCs were infected with various multiplicities of infection (MOI) of Reo3 (M01=0, 1, 2 and 3) for 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h, and the most suitable MOI was identified by CCK-8 assay. Subsequently, hUMSCs were infected with the optimal titer of Reo3 for the same durations, and supernatants were collected. The titer of Reo3 in the supernatant from each group was measured using mouse fibroblast L929 cells combined with median tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) method, determining the optimal infection time. The K562 cells were divided into 4 groups: control group, hUMSCs group, Reo3 group, and hUMSCs-Reo3 group. Ratios of hUMSCs to K562 cells in hUMSCs group and hUMSCs-Reo3 group were set at low, medium and high (5^1, 10^1 and 20: 1). The changes of K562 cell viability after co-cultured with hUMSCs-Reo3 for 24, 48 and 72 h were analyzed by CCK-8 assay. The apoptosis of K562 cells was evaluated by flow cytometry. The half maximal effective concentration (EC50) of anti-Reo3 monoclonal antibody was determined using L929 cells. The oncolytic effect of hUMSCs-Reo3 on K562 cells with antibody present in vitro was verified. Western blot analysis was used to detect the protein levels of Bcl-2, Bax, survivin and cleaved caspase-3 in K562 cells after treatment. A BALB/c nude mouse subcutaneous tumor model was constructed with K562 cells (n=6) to analyze the in vivo anti-tumor effect of hUMSCs-Reo3. RESULTS: The expression levels of JAM-A on the surfaces of hUMSCs and K562 cells were found to be 11. 0% and 99. 0%, respectively. Electron microscopy revealed a significant presence of viral inclusion bodies within hUMSCs 72 h following infection with Reo3. Within 120 h, no statistically significant difference was observed in the viability of hUMSCs between Reo3 (MOI=1) group and uninfected group, establishing the optimal MOI. The TCID50 results indicated that the highest virus titer in the lysate of hUMSCs in Reo3 (MOI=1) group occurred 48 h after infection, determining 48 h as the optimal infection time. The K562 cells co-cultured with hUMSCs-Reo3 for 24, 48 and 72 h showed a dose- and time-dependent inhibition of cell viability. The EC50 of the anti-Reo3 monoclonal antibody was found to be 1: 34. Even in the presence of antibodies at various concentrations (1: 34, 1 • 300 and 1: 600), hUMSCs were capable of transporting Reo3 to inhibit K562 cell viability and induce apoptosis in vitro. Compared with control group, significant down-regulation of Bcl-2 and survivin expression levels in K562 cells was noted after 48 h of co-culture with hUMSCs-Reo3 (P<0. 05), while Bax and cleaved caspase-3 expression levels were significantly up-regulated (P< 0. 05 or P<0. 01). In the BALB/c nude mouse tumor-bearing model, determination of tumor volume changes, pathological examination of tumor tissue and major organs, and assessment of cathepsin B/L activity using a small animal live imaging system confirmed the oncolytic effect of hUMSCs-Reo3 on K562 cells in vivo without adverse effects on normal tissues. CONCLUSION: The hUMSCs are effective in transporting Reo3, and this delivery system is capable of releasing sufficient quantities of Reo3 in both in vivo and in vitro settings to inhibit the malignant proliferation of K562 cells and promote apoptosis, thereby exerting an oncolytic effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIM: To explore the synergistic sensitization effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell culture supernatant (hUMSC-CM) combined with temozolomide (TMZ) on various glioma cell lines, and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. METHODS: The hUMSC-CM was harvested using two different serum deprivation techniques at 24 and 48 h, and was converted into freeze-dried powder, which was then given to rat malignant glioma cell line RG-2, human astrocytoma cell line U251 and human glioblastoma cell line LN-428 at 5 concentrations (0, 1, 3, 6 and 9 g/L). The effectiveness and sensitivity of hUMSC-CM for inhibiting growth of glioma cells at 24, 48 and 72 h were assessed using CCK-8 assay. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining combined with CCK-8 assay was employed to evaluate the chemotherapy sensitivity of glioma cells after 48 h of treatment with TMZ at 6 concentrations (0, 25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 µmol/L). Two concentrations (3 and 9 g/L) of hUMSC-CM and 3 concentrations (50, 100 and 200 µmol/L) of TMZ were chosen for concurrent treatment of glioma cells to assess the proliferation and pathological alterations. TUNEL staining was utilized to detect apoptosis. Flow cytometry was utilized to analyze cell cycle modifications. The expression alterations of apoptosis-inducing proteins, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-8 and cleaved PARP1, as well as autophagy-inducing proteins beclin-1 and LC3, were examined using Western blot to investigate the synergistic sensitization mechanism of hUMSC-CM combined with TMZ in vitro. RESULTS: The susceptibility of glioma cell lines to hUMSC-CM and TMZ varied, with RG-2 showing the highest sensitivity, followed by U251, and then LN-428. The inhibitory effect of hUMSC-CM (3 and 9 g/L) and TMZ (50, 100 and 200 µmol/L) combined treatment on glioma cells was significantly greater than that that of single-agent treatments (P<0. 05), demonstrating a dose- and concentration-dependent enhancement. Notably, the combination of 9 g/L hUMSC-CM (C9) with 50 µmol/L TMZ (T50) effectively suppressed glioma cell growth. CCK-8 assay indicated a significant reduction of cell viability in C9+T50 group compared with either C9 or T50 alone (P<0. 05). HE staining and TUNEL staining revealed pronounced morphological changes and significant apoptotic features in glioma cells treated with C9+T50. Flow cytometric analysis confirmed that C9+T50 induced cell cycle arrest in glioma cells. Furthermore, compared with control group, the levels of cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-8, cleaved PARP1, beclin-1, and LC3-II/LC3-I were significantly elevated in the C9+T50-treated glioma cells (P<0. 01). CONCLUSION: (1) The concomitant administration of hUMSC-CM and TMZ exerts a broad inhibitory effect on glioma cells, with a synergistic sensitization observed across different cell lines. (2) The enhancement of glioma cell sensitivity to TMZ by hUMSC-CM may be attributed to the modulation of caspase-8/caspase-3/PARP1 signaling pathway and the induction of both apoptosis and autophagy in glioma cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the urban tourism and service industry, the POI data with coordinate and attribute information of the major map platforms constitute one of the important data sources of the urban tourism and service industry. In this paper, the spatial data transaction database under four distances was established based on the gate buffer of 3A and above scenic spots in Beijing. The Apriori algorithm was used to calculate the lifting degree to obtain the distance for mining the best association features of 3A, 4A and 5A scenic spots, and then the association features of the three scenic spots in different directions were analysed.

X-ray examinations are crucial for fracture diagnosis and treatment. However, some fractures do not present obvious imaging feature in early X-rays, which can result in misdiagnosis. Therefore, an ASCNet model is proposed in this study for X-ray femoral fracture classification. This model adopts the self-calibration convolution method to obtain more discriminative feature representation. This convolutional way can enable each spatial location to adaptively encode the context information of distant regions and make the model obtain some characteristic information hidden in X-ray images. Additionaly, the ASCNet model integrates the convolutional block attention module and coordinate attention module to capture different information from space and channels to fully obtain the apparent fracture features in X-ray images. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed model is verified using the femoral fracture dataset. The final classification accuracy and AUC value of the ASCNet are 0.9286 and 0.9720, respectively. The experimental results demonstrate that the ASCNet model performs better than ResNet50 and SCNet50. Furthermore, the proposed model presents specific advantages in recognizing occult fractures in X-ray images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LiMn2O4 Doped with Cr2O3 spinel cathode materials were coated with Carbon Black (0, 2, 4 wt%). The cathode materials were physically characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS), Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and Analysis of Charging-discharging. From the XRD analysis, the synthetic materials were spinel structure with a Fd3m space group. From the EIS studies, the coating powers possessed the least impedance and inhibited the Mn dissolution. The CV and Analysis of Charging-discharging indicated the coating improved the performance of large current charge and discharge, the capacity retention and cycle performance.

LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode material was synthesized through sol-gel self-combustion reaction method. LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 powders were subsequently characterized as cathode materials in a Li-ion coin cell comprising a Li anode with electrolyte A or electrolyte B. 1.0 mol/L Lithium Hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) dissolved in volume ration of ethylene carbonate (EC) to ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) to diethyl carbonate (DEC) corresponded to 4:3:3as electrolyte A, 1.0 mol/L LiPF6 dissolved in volume ration of EC to EMC to DEC corresponded to 4:2:4 as electrolyte B. Electrochemical performance of lithium cells was evaluated. These tests showed that no matter the cells with electrolyte A or electrolyte B has good discharge platform in 4.7V range (3.5V–4.75V) at the rate of 0.1C, the initial discharge capacity of cell with electrolyte B was higher than that with electrolyte A.