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The ability to accurately monitor chiral biological molecules is of great significance for their potential applications in disease diagnosis and virus detection. As the existing chiral detection technologies are mainly relying on an optical method by using left/right circularly polarized light, the universality is low and the operation is complicated. Moreover, large quantity of chiral molecules is required, causing low detection efficiency. Here, a self-assembled monolayer of polypeptides has been fabricated to realize trace detection of chirality based on spin selectivity of photon–electron interaction. We have utilized Kerr technique to detect the rotation angle by the molecular monolayer, which indicates the chirality of polypeptides. The chiral structure of a biological molecule could result in spin-selectivity of electrons and thus influence the interaction between electron spin and light polarization. A Kerr rotation angle of ∼3° has been obviously observed, equivalent to the magneto-optic Kerr effect without magnetic material or magnetic field. Furthermore, we have provided a novel solution to achieve chirality discrimination and amplification simultaneously through an optical fiber. The proposed design is applicable for chiral detection via increasing their differential output signal, which clearly demonstrates a useful strategy toward chirality characterization of biological molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the critical commentary on Joe Biden, Donald Trump and the 2020 United States presidential election in China's English-language newspaper China Daily. A thematic analysis was conducted of all the relevant opinion and editorial pieces (op-eds) published in China Daily two months before and after the release of the US presidential election results. Thematic analysis showed that China Daily was highly critical of Trump, especially for politicizing the COVID-19 pandemic and exercising restrictions on China. China Daily 's attitudes towards Biden were more varied, with appraisal of Biden's cabinet selections and suggestions for the Biden administration's priorities. The newspaper constructed a Biden/Trump dichotomy that ultimately serves to strengthen the narrative of China as a reliable country in contrast with the hypocritical United States. China Daily situated the commentary on the 2020 US election into the discussion of political stability, the COVID-19 pandemic and the climate change crisis, and frequently used strategies of othering the US and victimizing China to present China as a responsible alternative world power pursuing global cooperation and harmony. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the expression of CXC chemokines in glioblastoma (GBM), and investigate their prognostic value and potential roles as therapeutic targets. Methods Differential expression and prognostic value of CXC chemokines in GBM were obtained in GEPIA. The String database was used to predict neighbor genes and construct the protein to protein interaction (PPI) network. GO analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were executed by DAVID tools. TRRUST and LinkedOmics were used to predict transcription factor and kinase targets for CXC chemokines. Finally, we discussed the correlation of immune cell infiltration and tumor purity with differential expression of CXC chemokines in GBM. Results CXC2/3/8/9/10/11/16 expression was significantly up-regulated in GBM, and CXC3/8 were significantly associated with the poor prognosis of GBM patients. Differentially expressed chemokines and their adjacent genes are mainly enriched in the immune regulatory and apoptosis functions and pathways. There was correlation between chemokines expression and infiltration of six immune cells. Conclusion CXCL3/8 could be the potential prognostic markers for GBM patients. CXC chemokines are related to GBM immunity.

The selectivity limitation has long posed a significant challenge in the conversion of CO or CO 2 into liquid hydrocarbon-based sustainable fuels via Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) and other related processing pathways due to the Anderson–Schulz–Flory (ASF) distribution. The unique pore structure, thermal stability, and acidic sites of ZSM-5 have enabled its widespread applications in various catalytic processes of value-added chemicals and sustainable fuels. In the reaction pathways from CO / CO 2 to liquid HCs of interest, incorporating ZSM-5 into metal catalysts provides new opportunities to enhance product selectivity and catalytic activity, and even lower the reaction energetics. This review highlights recent advancements over the past five years in the structural design of ZSM-5-based catalysts aimed at improving the conversion selectivity of advanced liquid biofuels such as renewable diesel and sustainable aviation fuel. It explores innovative strategies for optimizing catalyst composition, the acidity, mesoporosity, and structures of ZSM-5 to design more efficient, selective, and robust catalysts. Additionally, the review addresses the direct hydrogenation of CO and CO 2 into C5+ liquid hydrocarbons, focusing on catalyst selection, acidic site optimization, and the structural configuration of ZSM-5. The mechanisms involved in these processes are also surveyed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aerodynamic performance of the flow around a cylinder with two free ends, which is also referred to as a finite-length cylinder, continues to be a subject of rigorous academic inquiry. However, limited research has been conducted on finite-length cylinders with rough surfaces. To evaluate the impact of relative roughness on the aerodynamic performance of a finite-length cylinder, we performed numerical simulations on a cylinder model with an aspect ratio of 1.5 with various relative roughness values. These simulations covered a range of Reynolds numbers from 3.9 × 103 to 4.8 × 105. The results indicated that both the relative roughness and Reynolds number could affect the aerodynamic characteristics of the cylinder by altering the flow pattern around the cylinder. As the Reynolds number increased, the four spiral eddies behind the finite-length cylinder gradually lost their symmetry in the axial direction and eventually transformed into a pair of recirculating eddies. Moreover, when the Reynolds number was constant at 2.0 × 104, an increase in the surface roughness of the cylinder triggered the same phenomenon. Additionally, the mechanism by which the surface roughness affected the aerodynamic coefficient of a finite-length cylinder in the current Reynolds number range was revealed. This influence was mainly attributed to the impact of pressure on the backside of the cylinder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elemental doping can improve the photocatalytic activity of bulk graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) under visible-light. In this study, sulfur and oxygen co-doped g-C3N4 (x% S-g-C3N4) was fabricated through thermal polymerization of macromolecular precursor obtained from hydrothermal pretreatment. The prepared photocatalysts, including g-C3N4, hydrothermally treated g-C3N4 (g-C3N4-HT), and x% S-g-C3N4, were analyzed under various conditions. Their ability to reduce Cr(VI) through photocatalytic reduction was evaluated comprehensively, taking into account the influence of catalyst dose, presence of inorganic anions, initial concentration and initial pH of Cr(VI) solution. The results showed that x% S-g-C3N4 (3% S-g-C3N4) possesses superior photocatalytic reduction activity to g-C3N4 and g-C3N4-HT, largely due to the co-doping. This co-doping strategy enhances the light harvesting capacity by modifying the electronic band structure of g-C3N4, and accelerates the excitons transfer and separation by optimizing its photoelectric properties. Additionally, the three-dimensional structure formed during preparation process enhances the stability and reusability of g-C3N4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]