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Doi: 10.1080/10473289.2011.599281 The objective of this study was to estimate the contribution of a facility that processes steel production slag into raw material for cement production to local outdoor particle [...]

ABSTRACT This study presents the Individual Based Exposure Modeling (IBEM) application of MENTOR (Modeling Environment for Total Risk studies) in a hot spot area, where there are concentrated local sources [...]

ABSTRACT To provide a scientific basis for the selection and use of continuous monitors for exposure and/or health effects studies, and for compliance and episode measurements at strategic locations in [...]

INTRODUCTION Following is the 2007 A & WMA Critical Review (1-3) Discussion: 'Will the Circle Be Unbroken: A History of the U.S. National Ambient Air Quality Standards.' In the review, [...]

ABSTRACT There is growing scientific evidence linking early childhood exposure to environmental agents with asthma and other illnesses that may not appear until later in life. Unfortunately the direct measurement [...]

Our understanding of the relationship between human health and the indoor environment continues to evolve. Previous research on health and indoor environments has tended to concentrate on discrete pollutant sources [...]

Prospective, multiyear epidemiologic studies have proven to be highly effective in discovering preventable risk factors for chronic disease. Investigations such as the Framingham Heart Study have produced blueprints for disease prevention and saved millions of lives and billions of dollars. To discover preventable environmental risk factors for disease in children, the US Congress directed the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, through the Children's Health Act of 2000, to conduct the National Children's Study. The National Children's Study is hypothesis-driven and will seek information on environmental risks and individual susceptibility factors for asthma, birth defects, dyslexia, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism, schizophrenia, and obesity, as well as for adverse birth outcomes. It will be conducted in a nationally representative, prospective cohort of 100 000 US-born children. Children will be followed from conception to 21 years of age. Environmental exposures (chemical, physical, biological, and psychosocial) will be assessed repeatedly during pregnancy and throughout childhood in children's homes, schools, and communities. Chemical assays will be performed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and banks of biological and environmental samples will be established for future analyses. Genetic material will be collected on each mother and child and banked to permit study of gene-environment interactions. Recruitment is scheduled to begin in 2007 at 7 Vanguard Sites and will extend to 105 sites across the United States. The National Children's Study will generate multiple satellite studies that explore methodologic issues, etiologic questions, and potential interventions. It will provide training for the next generation of researchers and practitioners in environmental pediatrics and will link to planned and ongoing prospective birth cohort studies in other nations. Data from the National Children's Study will guide development of a comprehensive blueprint for disease prevention in children. Key Words National Children's Study, epidemiology, asthma, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism, schizophrenia, obesity Abbreviations CVD--cardiovascular disease NICHD--National Institute of Child Health and Human Development CDC--Centers for Disease Control and Prevention NCS-- National Children's Study HPV-- high production volume NCPP--National Collaborative Perinatal Project CHDS--Child Health Development Study NIH--National Institutes of Health, ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES IN early life can influence development, impair health, and increase risk of disease and dysfunction. (1-3) Chemical, physical, and psychosocial factors have all been shown to exert great [...]

ABSTRACT Environmental remediation decisions are driven by the need to minimize human health and ecological risks posed by environmental releases. The Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund Sites enunciates the principles [...]

ABSTRACT The collapse of the World Trade Center (WTC) on September 11, 2001, generated large amounts of dust and smoke that settled in the surrounding indoor and outdoor environments in [...]

ABSTRACT Source types or source regions contributing to the concentration of atmospheric fine particles measured at Brigantine National Wildlife Refuge, NJ, were identified using a factor analysis model called Positive [...]

The following study utilized a nested chamber design which was constructed to observe the effects of three surface types (wallpaper, carpet and teflon) and two levels of relative humidity (50% and 70% RH) on gas-phase nitrous acid (HONO) formation through the heterogeneous reaction of nitrogen dioxide (NO(sub2)) with sorbed water vapor. It has been proven that the use of unvented combustion home appliances results in high indoor concentrations of NO(sub2), which is a concern because of it's power to irritate the respiratory tract.

Direct Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy allowed the separation by polarity and identification of aerosol collected during the Smoky Mountain Aerosol and Visibility Study at Look Rock, TN. Results also revealed that the submicron organic aerosol was predominantly polar. The concentrations, composition and size distribution of the Smokey Mountain aerosol is governed by secondary formation processes.

Crustal materials, deposited airborne particulates and other exterior, as well as interior sources contribute to the amount of lead present in house dust. About two-thirds of house dust lead present in urban homes is being attributed to exterior proximate sources. One-third of house dust lead present in urban homes, meanwhile, comes from interior lead-based paint sources.