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BACKGROUND Fermented soya bean meal (FSBM) is believed to have improved nutritional qualities compared with soya bean meal (SBM) and is also cheaper than soya protein concentration (SPC) and fish meal (FM). Therefore, the present study was conducted to compare the effects of FSBM replacing SBM, SPC and FM in diets on growth performance, serum biochemistry profile, short-chain fatty acid concentrations in digesta, intestinal mucosal enzyme activities, intestinal proinflammatory cytokine concentrations and morphology in weaned piglets. One hundred and twenty 28-day-old piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire, body weight: 6.73 ± 1.14 kg) were randomly allocated to four treatment diets (six replicate pens with five piglets per pen) containing SBM, SPC, FM or FSBM as the protein source, respectively. RESULTS Dietary FSBM supplementation improved average daily gain (p

Simple Summary Selenium Auricularia cornea culture (SAC) is a dried product via full fermentation, containing organic-Se, Auricularia cornea (AC) mycelium, and various metabolites of AC. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether SAC could effectively improve the health, growth, meat quality, and oxidative stability of meat in growing-finishing pigs. Currently, dietary SAC supplementation positively impacts growth performance and oxidative stability of fresh meat. Abstract Selenium Auricularia cornea culture (SAC) is a new source of organic selenium. Two experiments were conducted to determine the available energy of SAC fed to pigs and to evaluate the effects of dietary SAC supplementation on growth performance, serum biochemical profiles, fecal short chain fatty acids (SCFA), meat quality, tissue selenium concentration, and oxidative stability of fresh meat in growing-finishing pigs. In Experiment (Exp.) 1, 12 barrows with average body weight (BW) of 42.40 ± 5.30 kg were randomly allotted to two groups and fed the basal diet and SAC-supplemented diet, individually. In Exp. 2, 96 growing-finishing pigs (BW: 91.96 ± 7.55 kg) were grouped into four dietary treatments; each treatment contained six replicates with four pigs per replicate. The four treatments fed a control diet and three experimental diets supplemented with 0.6%, 1.2%, and 2.4% SAC, respectively. The trial lasted for 45 days. The results revealed that digestible energy (DE) of SAC was 11.21 MJ/kg. The average daily gain (ADG) was improved in pigs fed 1.2% and 2.4% SAC during day 24 to 45 and the overall period. Dietary 1.2% and 2.4% SAC supplementation had a lower F/G (p < 0.05) than the control diet during different stages. Dietary SAC supplementation increased fecal butyrate contents (p < 0.05), and pigs fed 1.2% and 2.4% SAC diets had a higher MCT1 mRNA expression (p = 0.04) in the colon. Pigs fed 2.4% SAC had higher GSH-Px contents (p < 0.05) in serum, liver, and longissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) than those in the control group. The 2.4% SAC-supplemented group revealed a higher Se content (p < 0.05) in LDM and a lower MDA concentration (p < 0.05) in fresh meat during the simulated retail display on day six. In conclusion, this study suggested that SAC was more effective in improving growth, enhancing the antioxidant status, depositing Se in muscle, and increasing meat oxidative stability of pigs.

Water is a limited and valuable resource. Singapore has four national sources of water supply, one of which is natural precipitation. Pollutants collected in stormwater runoff are deposited into drainage systems and reservoirs. Major nutrient pollutants found in local stormwater runoff include nitrate and phosphate, which may cause eutrophication. Bioretention systems are efficient in removing these pollutants in the presence of plants. This paper discusses plant traits that can enhance the phytoremediation of nutrient pollutants in stormwater runoff for application in bioretention systems. The plant species studied showed variations in chlorophyll florescence, leaf greenness, biomass production, and nitrate and phosphate removal. In general, dry biomass was moderately correlated to nitrate and phosphate removal (r = 0.339–0.501). Root, leaf, and total dry biomass of the native tree species showed a moderate to strong correlation with nitrate removal (r = 0.811, 0.657, and 0.727, respectively). Leaf dry biomass of fast-growing plants also showed a moderate to strong relationship with the removal of both pollutants (r = 0.707 and 0.609, respectively). Root dry biomass of slow-growing plants showed a strong relationship with phosphate removal (r = 0.707), but the correlation was weaker for nitrate removal (r = 0.557). These results are valuable for choosing plants for application in bioretention systems. Keywords: Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Plant traits, Bioretention system, Stormwater, Tropical plant, Nutrient pollutant, Native plants

In this work, 1D rod-like hierarchical nano/micro LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 with exposed (101) planes are synthesized through a facile synthesis approach with cobalt oxalate as templating system. The influence of solvent (deionized water or absolute ethanol) using in the preparation process is also investigated. Our result demonstrates that the LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 using water as solvent shows a nano/micro tailored porous structure and exhibits an excellent electrochemical performance than that using absolute ethanol as solvent, including the high specific discharge capacities of 183.47 mAh g(-1) and 150.64 mAh g(-1) at 1.0 C and 2.0 C, with the excellent capacity retention rates of 84.2% and 88.0% after 200 cycles, respectively. The enhanced electrochemical performance of SW is due to the exposed (101) plane on the surface and the nano/micro hierarchical porous structure which exhibit high electrical conductivity and short lithium ion diffusion channels. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Lanthanum is a rare earth element which can have adverse effects on the central nervous system (CNS). However, the mechanisms of these effects are not fully understood. The activated microglia plays an important role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and thus could be involved in mediating the toxic effects of lanthanum on the CNS. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is a critical nuclear factor which regulates the expression of inflammatory mediators in the activated microglia. This study investigated the effects of lanthanum chloride (LaCl3) on the NF-κB signaling pathway and explored the relationship between the microglia activation and neuron damage induced by La in vitro. The results showed that BV2 microglial cells treated with 0, 0.05, 0.1 or 0.2 mM LaCl3 could up-regulate the expression of Iba1 protein, a marker of microglia activation, and of p-IKKαβ and p-IκBα in a dose-dependent manner. La could also increase the translocation of the NF-κB p65 subunit from the cytosol into the nucleus, and then elevate the production of NO, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and MCP-1 by BV2 microglial cells. In a neuron–microglia co-culture system, BV2 microglia treated with LaCl3 resulted in a significant increase of the rates of neuron apoptosis. Conversely, the pre-treatment with PDTC (an inhibitor of the NF-κB signaling pathway) could inhibit the release of inflammatory cytokines and reduce the number of apoptotic neurons caused by La. These findings suggested that the neuron injury induced by LaCl3 might be related to the abnormal activation of microglia, which could remarkably increase the expression and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines via activating the NF-κB signaling pathway.

According to the characteristics of cruise ship supply logistics, using a mixed-integer linear programming model (MILP), we describe the location-distribution and time utility requirements, in which the capacity constraints of the distribution centres and time window are considered, in order to minimize the sum of fixed cost, variable cost, distribution cost between nodes and time penalty cost. Further, a ‘two-stage’ method is suggested to solve the MILP problem. In the first stage, the Benders decomposition algorithm is adopted to determine the location of the distribution centres, flow allocation and shipment sizes on each link. Then IBM ILOG CPLEX optimization studio software is used to get the optimal value of the distribution schedule of ship suppliers in the second stage. Finally, the proposed method is verified by a study simulation.

Stimulus-frequency otoacoustic emissions (SFOAEs) could be a useful tool for assessing hearing capabilities. Training and testing data were collected from 1084 ears of 725 subjects. Based on SFOAEs, this study applied Deep Residual Shrinkage Network to screen hearing status. Results of a 10-fold cross-validation show that the model performed better than other recent literature in the range of 0.5 to 8 kHz, occupied a larger area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.970-0.991) and had a higher accuracy (0.932-0.959). The developed classified model outperformed the previous model by accuracy improvements of 1.28% to 4.43% at 0.5, 2, 4 and 8 kHz.

Background Extensive‐stage small cell lung cancer (ES‐SCLC) is deemed as a fatal malignancy with a poor prognosis. Although immunotherapy has gradually played an important role in the treatment of ES‐SCLC since 2018, ES‐SCLC treatment data and patient outcome before 2018, when chemotherapy served as a fundamental therapeutic strategy, is still meaningful as a summary of the situation regarding previous medical treatment and is a baseline for comparative data. In addition, the prognostic factors of ES‐SCLC have failed to reach a consensus until now. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate survival and identify the prognostic factors in an ES‐SCLC population. Methods We retrospectively collected the detailed medical records of 358 patients with ES‐SCLC from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2018 in a Chinese top‐level cancer hospital. The prognostic factors were evaluated by Cox univariate and multivariate analysis. Results The median overall survival (OS) of ES‐SCLC patients (N = 358) was 14.0 months, the one‐ and two‐year OS rates were 56.2% and 21.7%, respectively. Moreover, we identified two demographic characters (age ≥ 70, smoking index ≥ 400), one tumor burden factor (bone multimetastasis), two tumor biomarkers (cyfra211, CA125) and two laboratory indexes (decreased Na, PLR, This study provides real‐world evidence of survival and prognosis of untreated extensive stage small cell lung cancer (ES‐SCLC). We retrospectively collected the detailed medical records of 358 patients with ES‐SCLC from 2011 to 2018 in a Chinese top‐level cancer hospital. The median overall survival (OS) of all patients was 14.0 months, and the one‐ and two‐year OS rates were 56.2% and 21.7%, respectively. The median progression‐free survival (PFS) of 238 patients was 6.2 months, and the six‐month and one‐year PFS rates were 51.7% and 14.3%, respectively. Moreover, several independent prognostic factors for OS and PFS of ES‐SCLC were identified.

To overcome challenges like market dynamic configuration, information integration, and quick response, it is necessary to build an efficient, stable, and well-coordinated supply chain relationship for cruise ship supply. This requires building of a solid evaluation index system of logistics service providers (LSPs) in the cruise ship supply chain. In this paper, we introduce an evaluation index system that consists of four dimensions, based on the characteristics of cruise ship supply and the connotation and type of cruise ship supply LSPs. The four dimensions are business level, collaborative capacity, service price, and information level, including ten subcriteria. We first establish an evaluation decision model for the interdependence and feedback relationship between the criteria by using analytic network process (ANP) for weight definition of each index; then, we use Super Decisions software to simulate the results, combine RBF neural network training and validation, and extract implicit knowledge and laws. We propose an incremental algorithm that can effectively avoid the influence of subjective factors and increase the dynamic nature of evaluation. The results show that the ANP-RBF method has strong practicability in the evaluation of cruise ship supply LSPs.

Tyrosine kinases are implicated in tumorigenesis and progression, and have emerged as major targets for drug discovery. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) inhibit corresponding kinases from phosphorylating tyrosine residues of their substrates and then block the activation of downstream signaling pathways. Over the past 20 years, multiple robust and well-tolerated TKIs with single or multiple targets including EGFR, ALK, ROS1, HER2, NTRK, VEGFR, RET, MET, MEK, FGFR, PDGFR, and KIT have been developed, contributing to the realization of precision cancer medicine based on individual patient’s genetic alteration features. TKIs have dramatically improved patients’ survival and quality of life, and shifted treatment paradigm of various solid tumors. In this article, we summarized the developing history of TKIs for treatment of solid tumors, aiming to provide up-to-date evidence for clinical decision-making and insight for future studies.

The problem of large-scale development of renewable energy has become increasingly serious, and the technology of virtual power plants has gradually become the key technology of this problem. This paper studies the multi-objective optimization problem of gas-electric interconnected virtual power plants. First of all, this article integrates wind turbines, photovoltaic generators, gas turbines, electric gas conversion equipment, gas storage devices, etc. into a virtual power plant, and simultaneously links public networks and natural gas networks. The load side includes electric power load, hydrogen fuel cell vehicle load, and natural gas load, and the demand response is introduced at the terminal load for adjustment. Then, taking the operational economic benefits, peak-cutting and valley-filling effects, and carbon dioxide emissions as optimization goals, combined with power balance and other constraints, a multi-objective model of a gas-electric interconnected virtual power plant is constructed, and the multi-objective optimization model is converted by weighting each objective function Solve for a single objective model. Finally, in order to verify the validity and feasibility of the established model, a virtual power plant in a certain area was selected as an example to analyze and compare the operating results under four scenarios.

Aiming at the problems of insufficient wind power(WP) capacity and the high pressure of the power grid peak shaving due to WP uncertainty, this paper takes the hybrid wind-energy storage(HWES) system as an example, establishes a coordinated scheduling optimization model for HWES system with the objective of minimum wind abandonment. The Quasi-Monte Carlo method is used to transform the optimization objective function with uncertainties of WP into an effective objective function to eliminate the influence of uncertain factors of WP. In the optimization process, low-bias sequence is introduced to improve the uniformity of sample distribution, and the optimal solution of the coordination optimization model is searched by robust optimization algorithm. The comparison experiment shows that the proposed coordinated optimization method still has strong robustness, can effectively reduce the abandonment of wind and achieve the goal of WP consumption.

With the rapid development of the information age, information technology has been widely practiced in various industries. Mixed ownership reform (MOR) is an important breakthrough in the state-owned enterprises (SOE) reform. Driven by the survival needs of enterprises, the effect evaluation of SOE reform has become an important topic in the field of MOR. Based on the characteristics and case analysis of MOR of SOEs, this paper constructs a comprehensive evaluation index system for the effectiveness of MOR of state-owned enterprises. Then the index weight is calculated through the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Finally, the effectiveness of the MOR is evaluated in combination with the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method (FCE). The results show that the MOR of the enterprise has a good effect.

Background: Confirmed as a familial clustered case, a COVID-19 patient displaying established symptoms was simultaneously diagnosed with an HIV infection, and treated with several antiviral and compassionate drugs.Case presentation: The upper respiratory tract Nucleic Acid Testing (NAT) for the novel coronavirus continued to be positive for consecutive 49 days. During the course of treatment, it was observed that the other six cases in the family were non-HIV infected and displaying common Covid-19 symptoms, the familial cluster received parallel treatment along with the aforementioned patient, and the median time for the NAT to present as negative was 29 days. Conclusions: The results of this research indicate that the novel coronavirus attacks T lymphocyte subsets, andfurther studies with larger sample sizes are required to verify how the immune escape mechanism of the new coronavirus interacts with HIV infection.

In 2015, “Several Opinions on Further Deepening the Reform of the Power System” was issued. The new round of power system reforms proposes to give full play to the vitality of the power generation-side bidding market, which will help to establish a fair, reasonable, and active power market. Due to factors such as a lack of peak shaving capacity and imperfect market mechanisms, China's renewable energy participation in the power market faces many problems. To solve these, this paper proposes a two-level optimization model for a wind power plant and thermal power unit to participate in the medium and long-term electricity market, and day-ahead market transactions. First, the paper proposes the electricity quantity and electricity price determination method of annual bilateral negotiated transactions, monthly centralized bidding transactions and listings, and delisting transactions, and briefly describes how to decompose contract electricity into the day-ahead market in the medium and long-term market. Then, two ways for the wind power plant and thermal power unit to participate in the power market are proposed. With maximization of the market benefits as the objective function, and through comprehensive consideration of the system reserve, wind curtailment penalty, green certificate trading, and other issues, the two models of independent participation and joint participation in market transactions were established to study the problem of maximum profit on the power generation side. Finally, the analysis results of the calculation example show that the joint participation of the wind power plant and thermal power unit in the power market has additional benefits compared to independent participation. The wind power plant can complete the assessment index of the renewable energy quota for the thermal power unit, which does not need to purchase green certificates to complete the assessment indicators. The thermal power unit can provide reserve services for the wind power plant, avoiding output whenever necessary, reducing the cost of the curtailment penalty, and overcoming the threat of wind power plant output fluctuations to the system. The two alliances have greater profit margins.

The China Australia Geological Storage of CO₂ (CAGS) Project is a collaborative project that aims to accelerate the development and deployment of geological storage of carbon dioxide in China and Australia. There are four main programs under CAGS to build CCS capabilities in both countries: research projects, technical workshops, training schools, and scholarly exchanges. All have contributed in advancing CCS/CCUS knowledge and building capability in China and Australia. Now in its third phase and its 10th year, CAGS is regarded as a successful bilateral project, which has produced essential research for advancing CCUS in China, established a strong network for Australian and Chinese researchers and institutions, and contributed to advancing CCUS globally. The paper describes the history of the collaboration and impact of this successful bilateral project.

Wind, solar, and other renewable energy sources along with roofs, wastelands, and other spatial resources are abundant in rural areas. This paper presents a rural multi-energy complementary system structure, which establishes the output model of wind power, biogas cogeneration, firewood-saving stoves, photovoltaic heat collectors, and air source heat pumps. Moreover, a flexible charge and discharge load model of electric vehicles is established, and a demand response mechanism is implemented to guide the user's electricity consumption behavior. The multi-objective optimization model of the system is based on the minimum energy cost, lowest carbon emissions, and highest energy consumption satisfaction as the multi-objective function. Subsequently, the epsilon-constraint method is used to obtain the Pareto solution set of the multi-objective optimization model, and fuzzy decision theory is used to obtain a compromised optimal solution of the Pareto front. Finally, a rural area in northern China is considered as the study area. The results of the calculation examples show that biogas cogeneration units and electric vehicles can improve the consumption of clean energy, reduce the system energy cost by 358.9 yuan, reduce carbon emissions by 1605.8 kg, increase energy consumption satisfaction, and improve the economic, environmental, service, and other benefits of the system.

The paper introduces energy storage systems (ESSs) and carbon emission trade (CET), gradually constructs joint scheduling optimization model for wind power and thermal power considering ESSs and CET. Firstly, the paper takes the maximum system benefit as the objective function considering load supply and demand balance constraint, unit operation constraint and system reserve constraints, establishes the basic scheduling mathematical model for wind power and thermal power. Secondly, the paper respectively builds carbon emission cost model of thermal power generation considering CET, ESSs’ operation profit model and puts forward system scheduling comprehensive objective function considering CET and ESSs. Thirdly, the paper constructs jointly scheduling model for wind power and thermal power considering ESSs’ operation constraints, CET’s constraint and newly system reserve constraint. Finally, 10 thermal power units and 2800MW wind power turbine are taken as simulation system. The result shows: the large-scale grid connection of wind power needs rely on thermal power units to provide reserve, which could result in the reduction of unit utilization efficiency and correspondingly increase coal consumption of units’ power generation, but system overall coal consumption rate will reduce. CET can transform wind power cleaning characteristics into economic benefits, promote system to consume wind power and reduce abandoned wind power. ESSs can gentle the electric load curve and improve the grid-connected space by adjusting its charge and discharge characteristics, but system overall benefit reduces subjected to high ESSs’ fixed costs. System overall benefit will reaches maximum when ESSs and CET are simultaneously introduced, which indicates that they have synergistic optimization effect.

Carbon emissions and environmental protection issues have become the pressure from the international community during the current transitional stage of China&rsquo, s energy transformation. China has set a macro carbon emission target, which will reduce carbon emissions per unit of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by 40% in 2020 and 60&ndash, 65% in 2030 than that in 2005. To achieve the emission reduction target, the industrial structure must be adjusted and upgraded. Furthermore, it must start from a high-pollution and high-emission industry. Therefore, it is of practical significance to construct a low-carbon sustainability and green operation benefits of power generation enterprises to save energy and reduce emissions. In this paper, an intuitionistic fuzzy comprehensive analytic hierarchy process based on improved dynamic hesitation degree (D-IFAHP) and an improved extreme learning machine algorithm optimized by RBF kernel function (RELM) are proposed. Firstly, we construct the evaluation indicator system of low-carbon sustainability and green operation benefits of power generation enterprises. Moreover, during the non-dimensional processing, the evaluation index system is determined. Secondly, we apply the evaluation indicator system by an empirical analysis. It is proved that the D-IFAHP evaluation model proposed in this paper has higher accuracy performance. Finally, the RELM is applied to D-IFAHP to construct a combined evaluation model named D-IFAHP-RELM evaluation model. The D-IFAHP evaluation results are used as the input of the training sets of the RELM algorithm, which simplifies the comprehensive evaluation process and can be directly applied to similar projects.

LEO satellite communication network has become a promising approach to provide broadband access to internet service in low infrastructure areas. However, the LEO satellites are generally cost-constrained and the relative motion between the earth and LEO satellite is high-speed. As a result, the LEO satellite faces limited on-board resources and changing traffic demand distribution. In this paper, we design a beamhopping based system for LEO satellite communication, where the onboard resources are allocated flexibly according to the traffic demand distribution, which can improve the performance of throughput and onboard resource utilization. Specifically, a beam-hopping based LEO satellite communication system is constructed and the resource allocation problem is formulated. Then, we propose a greedy algorithm to resolve it. Evaluation results show that the beam-hopping system outperforms the fixed beam system and random beam hopping system in terms of throughput and request satisfied ratio.

The China Australia Geological Storage of CO2 (CAGS) project aims to help accelerate the development and deployment of geological storage of carbon dioxide in both China and Australia. CAGS Phase 3 (CAGS3) of this successful bilateral project commenced in January 2016 and will conclude in December 2018. The focus of this third phase of CAGS has changed from national level capacity building and supporting desktop/laboratory research projects of the earlier phases to supporting three large research projects, with a particular emphasis on developing capacity in the western region of Xinjiang. Xinjiang is regarded as one of the most prospective regions globally for implementation of large-scale carbon capture utilisation and storage (CCUS). The combination of a targeted workshop and training school, supporting CCUS research projects, sponsoring a technical CCUS symposium in Australia, and facilitating scientific exchanges between Australian and Chinese researchers has contributed to a very effective CCUS capacity building program. The CAGS project has had a measureable positive impact on advancing CCUS in China through its capacity building activities.

Since its first appearance in Wuhan, China, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has rapidly spread throughout the world and has become a global pandemic. It remains unclear whether people living with human immunodeficiency virus are at an increased risk of coronavirus disease 2019 and severe disease manifestation; until now, the evidence regarding the outcomes from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in people living with human immunodeficiency virus is still limited and conflicting. The clinical characteristics of seven patients of family cluster-onset coronavirus disease 2019 were reported, including the immune characteristics of one patient of human immunodeficiency virus/severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 coinfection. In the patients of human immunodeficiency virus/severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 coinfection, about 2 weeks after infection, it was observed that CD4 and CD8 count showed a downward trend and that of CD8 is more obvious; at the same time, lymphocytes showed a slight increase. CD4, CD8, and lymphocytes are in the plateau period from the second week to the fourth week. About 4 weeks after infection, all showed an increase, in which anti-coronavirus combined with antiviral therapy were given. The time for Nucleic Acid Testing to present as negative was 51 days. The other six patients in the family were non–human immunodeficiency virus infected, the familial cluster received parallel treatment, and the median time for the Nucleic Acid Testing to present as negative was 29 days. The patient of human immunodeficiency virus/severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 coinfection presents an immune state of CD4’s and CD8’s dual lymphatic depletion. Human immunodeficiency virus should still be regarded as an important factor in future risk stratification models for coronavirus disease 2019.

Research on changes of Chinese women’s fashion styles was conducted through analysis of fashion images andarticles in Chinese fashion magazines since 1980s. Through the fashion magazine research centered on Shanghai, themost developed commercial city having a great influence on the entire fashion industry in China, it examined Chinesefashion styles by period so identified a developmental process of Chinese fashion styles. Based on general understandingof Chinese fashion magazine industry, case study was conducted on 「Shanghai Style(上海服飾)」. After analyzing 1100fashion images by period derived from 245 volumes from 1985 to 2013, this study compared fashion styles in 4 periodsand analyzed the developments of Chinese fashion styles. Findings from the case analysis based on the classification offashion styles are as follows. In the early editions, images to give a visual stimulus and express styles more intuitivelywere frequently used with reported articles. As for the general change of the style in 「Shanghai Style(上海服飾)」,expression was done centered on casual wear with gradual disappearance of formal wear. There was a tendency entireatmosphere of the style became romantic. Through a comparative analysis between Chinese fashion styles having suchdevelopmental characteristic and the global fashion trends, this study identified special characteristics of Chinese fashionstyle changes. As for common characteristics, firstly, both have a tendency to change into the coexistence of various stylesrather than popularity of certain style. Secondly, style was expressed gradually centered on casual wear.Key words :China(중국), Shanghai(상하이 ), fashion magazine(패션잡지 ), fashion style(패션스타일 ), Shanghai style(上海服 )(상하이 스타일 )

Lanthanum (La) can accumulate in the brain and impair learning and memory. However, the underlying mechanism of La-induced neurotoxicity has remained elusive. Under physiological conditions, it has been reported that moderately excitatory astrocytes play an important role in the regulation of neuronal signals and synaptic plasticity. However, under pathological conditions, overly excitatory astrocytes can release excess excitatory transmitters, such as glutamate (Glu) and d-serine, and induce the over-activation of NMDA receptors (NMDAR) in neurons, ultimately leading to neuronal excitotoxicity. To date, limited work has been performed with respect to whether La can induce neuronal excitotoxicity by inducing astrocytes to become overexcited. In this study, in vitro models of primary culture rat cortical astrocytes and neurons were established. First, the astrocytes were treated with 0.125 mM, 0.25 mM and 0.5 mM lanthanum chloride (LaCl3) for 24 h, and the supernatants were collected as a conditioned medium (CM) which is denoted as CM (La3+); then, the neurons were treated with CM (La3+) for 48 h. The results illustrate that LaCl3 treatment significantly upregulated the mRNA and protein expression levels of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGLUR5), phospholipase C (PLC), connexin 43 (Cx43) and Cx30, increased the concentrations of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and [Ca2+]i, and promoted the synthesis and release of Glu and d-serine in astrocytes. Moreover, the CM (La3+) could increase the mRNA and protein expression levels of NMDAR subunits (NR1, NR2A, NR2B), the concentration of [Ca2+]i and the rate of apoptosis in neurons. Furthermore, after removal of La, CM (La-free) had a similar effect on neurons which could be antagonized by MK-801, DCKA and DAAO. These results suggest that the neuron apoptosis induced by La is closely related to the excessive release of Glu and d-serine from overly excitatory astrocytes.

A critical step in producing the annual inactivated influenza vaccine is the development of high yield (hy) seed viruses by reassortment for improved growth in ovo . Although hy reassortants for type A influenza viruses have been developed for many years, hy B influenza reassortant virus development for vaccine production has proven difficult. In this study, we have developed fourteen hy influenza type B reassortants as vaccine candidate strains with B/Lee/40 as the donor virus. Upon characterization by the Influenza Division at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the verification of HA by sequencing, all B reassortants were found to be antigenically indistinguishable from the wild type (wt) parents and suitable for vaccine production. However, only one hy reassortant seed virus from this group was used by a manufacturer for vaccine production. In general, hy reassortants showed an increase in hemagglutination (HA) titers over their wt parents by approximately 8 fold (range 1–32 fold). Gene compositions of the hy B reassortants were analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and the wt origin of the HA and neuraminidase (NA) were confirmed. However, in contrast to hy A reassortants which require the M gene (hy donor A/PR/8/34) for high yield, all fourteen hy B reassortants obtained the NP gene from the hy donor strain (B/Lee/40). The parental source for the remaining genes varied among the hy B reassortants. The results indicate that the B/Lee/40 NP and PB1 gene segments are important contributors to high yield growth in influenza B reassortant viruses for both Yamagata and Victoria lineages. The B/Lee/40 PB2 gene along with wt NS gene also contributed to the improved growth for hy reassortants of Yamagata lineage.

Background IgE is both a marker and mediator of allergic inflammation. Despite reported differences in serum total IgE levels by race-ethnicity, African American and Latino subjects have not been well represented in genetic studies of total IgE. Objective We sought to identify the genetic predictors of serum total IgE levels. Methods We used genome-wide association data from 4292 subjects (2469 African Americans, 1564 European Americans, and 259 Latinos) in the EVE Asthma Genetics Consortium. Tests for association were performed within each cohort by race-ethnic group (ie, African American, Latino, and European American) and asthma status. The resulting P values were meta-analyzed, accounting for sample size and direction of effect. Top single nucleotide polymorphism associations from the meta-analysis were reassessed in 6 additional cohorts comprising 5767 subjects. Results We identified 10 unique regions in which the combined association statistic was associated with total serum IgE levels ( P −6 ) and the minor allele frequency was 5% or greater in 2 or more population groups. Variant rs9469220, corresponding to HLA-DQB1 , was the single nucleotide polymorphism most significantly associated with serum total IgE levels when assessed in both the replication cohorts and the discovery and replication sets combined ( P = .007 and 2.45 × 10 −7 , respectively). In addition, findings from earlier genome-wide association studies were also validated in the current meta-analysis. Conclusion This meta-analysis independently identified a variant near HLA-DQB1 as a predictor of total serum IgE levels in multiple race-ethnic groups. This study also extends and confirms the findings of earlier genome-wide association analyses in African American and Latino subjects.

Protein aggregation is a common biological phenomenon, observed in different physiological and pathological conditions. Decreased protein solubility and a tendency to aggregate is also observed during physiological aging but the causes are currently unknown. Herein we performed a biophysical separation of aging-related high molecular weight aggregates, isolated from the bone marrow and splenic cells of aging mice and followed by biochemical and mass spectrometric analysis. The analysis indicated that compared to younger mice an increase in protein post-translational carbonylation was observed. The causative role of these modifications in inducing protein misfolding and aggregation was determined by inducing carbonyl stress in young mice, which recapitulated the increased protein aggregation observed in old mice. Altogether our analysis indicates that oxidative stress-related post-translational modifications accumulate in the aging proteome and are responsible for increased protein aggregation and altered cell proteostasis.

The purpose of this study was to use matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) in osteoarthritis research. Our aim was to find differentially expressed disease-related and condition-specific peptide in synovial fluid in the knee joint of patients suffering from osteoarthritis (OA), and to develop and validate the peptide classification model for OA diagnosis.Based on the American College of Rheumatology criteria, 30 OA cases and ten healthy donors were enrolled and underwent analysis. Magnetic beads-based weak cation exchange chromatography (MB-WCX) was performed for sample processing, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) was conducted for peptide profile. ClinProt software 2.2 was used for data analysis and a genetic algorithm was created for class prediction.Two peptide peaks were found which may be characterised as the potential diagnostic markers for OA. Two other significantly different peptide peaks were found in OA patients at a medium stage compared to the early and late stages. A genetic algorithm (GA) was used to establish differential diagnosis models of OA. As a result, the algorithm models marked 100% of OA, and of 97.92% of medium-stage OA.This study demonstrated that use of proteomics methods to identify potential biomarkers of OA is possible, and the identified potential biomarkers may be potential markers for diagnosis and monitoring the progression of OA.

Proteomics is one of the emerging techniques for biomarker discovery. Biomarkers can be used for early noninvasive diagnosis and prognosis of diseases and treatment efficacy evaluation. In the present study, the well-established research systems of ClinProt Micro solution incorporated unique magnetic bead sample preparation technology, which, based on matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), have become very successful in bioinformatics due to its outstanding performance and reproducibility for discovery disease-related biomarker. We collected fasting blood samples from patients with biopsy-confirmed acute renal allograft rejection (n = 12), chronic rejection (n = 12), stable graft function (n = 12) and also from healthy volunteers (n = 13) to study serum peptidome patterns. Specimens were purified with magnetic bead-based weak cation exchange chromatography and analyzed with a MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer. The results indicated that 18 differential peptide peaks were selected as potential biomarkers of acute renal allograft rejection, and 6 differential peptide peaks were selected as potential biomarkers of chronic rejection. A Quick Classifier Algorithm was used to set up the classification models for acute and chronic renal allograft rejection. The algorithm models recognize 82.64% of acute rejection and 98.96% of chronic rejection episodes, respectively. We were able to identify serum protein fingerprints in small sample sizes of recipients with renal allograft rejection and establish the models for diagnosis of renal allograft rejection. This preliminary study demonstrated that proteomics is an emerging tool for early diagnosis of renal allograft rejection and helps us to better understand the pathogenesis of disease process.

By analysing the discourse and mobilisation of the Qing-tien community in Taipei, this article aims to offer a perspective on how civil society defines urban liveability under a model of neoliberal governance. Caught between the national government (which was eager to sell national lands in the name of economic efficiency) and the local government (which was sensitive to community support), the Qing-tien community organisers collaborated with planning activists to shape the vision and strategies necessary to save their environment. From saving trees for the community, the community successfully built a consensus against the privatisation of public land. Later, the movement managed to preserve old Japanese houses and gardens, and Qing-tien was designated a historic district. The process of community mobilisation in Qing-tien was not only a rediscovery of local/urban history and ecology, but also an exploration of urban liveability.

This paper establishes the evaluation criterion system of Cross-border E-commerce platform selection based on DeLone & McLean's e-commerce success model and MA-OWA operator, using triangular fuzzy analytic hierarchy process to determine the weight of each level of criteria. Further, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model is established. Finally the case study proves scientificness and feasibility of the evaluation criterion systems and the validity of the evaluation method.

The repertoire of peptides displayed in vivo by MHC II molecules derives from a wide spectrum of proteins produced by different cell types. Although intracellular endosomal processing in dendritic cells and B cells has been characterized for a few antigens, the overall range of processing pathways responsible for generating the MHC II peptidome are currently unclear. To determine the contribution of non-endosomal processing pathways, we eluted and sequenced over 3000 HLA-DR1-bound peptides presented in vivo by dendritic cells. The processing enzymes were identified by reference to a database of experimentally determined cleavage sites and experimentally validated for four epitopes derived from complement 3, collagen II, thymosin β4, and gelsolin. We determined that self-antigens processed by tissue-specific proteases, including complement, matrix metalloproteases, caspases, and granzymes, and carried by lymph, contribute significantly to the MHC II self-peptidome presented by conventional dendritic cells in vivo. Additionally, the presented peptides exhibited a wide spectrum of binding affinity and HLA-DM susceptibility. The results indicate that the HLA-DR1-restricted self-peptidome presented under physiological conditions derives from a variety of processing pathways. Non-endosomal processing enzymes add to the number of epitopes cleaved by cathepsins, altogether generating a wider peptide repertoire. Taken together with HLA-DM-dependent and-independent loading pathways, this ensures that a broad self-peptidome is presented by dendritic cells. This work brings attention to the role of "self-recognition" as a dynamic interaction between dendritic cells and the metabolic/catabolic activities ongoing in every parenchymal organ as part of tissue growth, remodeling, and physiological apoptosis.

Based on the theories related to value chain and the features of real estate development enterprises, we have built real estate development enterprises dynamic value chain model. Through field investigation of real estate development enterprises in Sichuan province, using FAHP method to evaluate real estate development enterprises dynamic value chain model in Sichuan, we made the conclusion that the overall value of real estate development enterprises in Sichuan is at a medium level. This study aims to help real estate development enterprises to overcome the difficulties from complicated external environment which led to their own value chain fission, at the same time, provide ideas for real estate development enterprises in enhancing their competitive advantage and their own value. In the beginning, the article reviews the evolution and development of the value chain theory, which followed by the analysis of real estate development enterprises internal and external value points. In the next place, real estate development enterprises dynamic value chain model has been built. Finally we evaluate the level of the overall value of real estate development enterprises in certain area under the guidance of FAHP method after making the field research on real estate development enterprises in Sichuan.

New evidence suggests a role for the plant growth hormone auxin in pathogenesis and disease resistance. Bacterial infection induces the accumulation of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), the major type of auxin, in rice (Oryza sativa). IAA induces the expression of expansins, proteins that loosen the cell wall. Loosening the cell wall is key for plant growth but may also make the plant vulnerable to biotic intruders. Here, we report that rice GH3-8, an auxin-responsive gene functioning in auxin-dependent development, activates disease resistance in a salicylic acid signaling– and jasmonic acid signaling–independent pathway. GH3-8 encodes an IAA–amino synthetase that prevents free IAA accumulation. Overexpression of GH3-8 results in enhanced disease resistance to the rice pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae. This resistance is independent of jasmonic acid and salicylic acid signaling. Overexpression of GH3-8 also causes abnormal plant morphology and retarded growth and development. Both enhanced resistance and abnormal development may be caused by inhibition of the expression of expansins via suppressed auxin signaling.

The association between vitamin D receptor (VDR) FokI polymorphism and tuberculosis (TB) risk remains a matter of debate. Potential selection bias exists in most studies using HIV-positive TB patients. An update meta-analysis was carried out to derive a more reliable assessment of the association between FokI polymorphisms and TB risk, especially in HIV-negative TB patients. All major databases from inception to June 2015 were searched for all publications that studied the association between FokI polymorphism and TB risk. The odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated according to the frequencies of genotypes. In total, 32 studies with 4894 cases and 5319 controls were included in this meta-analysis. In the overall analysis, the estimated OR was 1.34 (95% CI=1.091–1.646, P = 0.005) in the best genetic model (recessive model, ff vs fF+FF) with moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 32.2%, P = 0.043). In the subgroup analysis stratified by HIV status, significant associations were found only in the HIV-negative TB group (OR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.180–2.077, P = 0.002; I2 = 29.5%, and P = 0.141 for heterogeneity). In the subgroup analysis stratified by ethnicity, significant associations were found in the Asian group (OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.205–2.261, P = 0.002; I2 = 43.9%, and P = 0.024 for heterogeneity), but not in the Caucasian group (OR = 1.09, 95% CI = 0.762–1.547, P = 0.649; I2 = 0.0%, and P = 0.740 for heterogeneity) and African group (OR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.726–1.341, P = 0.934; I2 = 43.9%, and P = 0.024 for heterogeneity). This meta-analysis confirms that VDR FokI polymorphism contributes to the risk of TB, especially in HIV-negative TB patients and in the Asian group. Further studies are required to clarify the role of the FokI polymorphism in HIV-positive TB and in other ethnic groups.