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62. Proposed Report on Educational Qualifications of Industrial Hygiene Personnel Other than Medical, Dental, and Nursing

Author

Burney, Leroy E., primary, Atwater, Reginald M., additional, Blackerby, Philip E., additional, Bosch, Herbert M., additional, Defries, Robert D., additional, Hardy, Albert V., additional, Lifson, S. S., additional, McGavran, E. G., additional, Mickey, Janice E., additional, Roberts, Dean W., additional, Smiley, Dean F., additional, Van Volkenburgh, V. A., additional, Webster, Robert G., additional, Miller, Seward E., additional, Fredrick, William G., additional, Hatch, Theodore F., additional, Hussey, Raymond, additional, Patty, Frank A., additional, and Selby, Clarence D., additional

Published
1954
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67. Progress in Evaluating APHA Exhibits

Author

Knutson, Andie L., primary, Calver, Homer N., additional, Drachman, Theodore S., additional, Drenckhahn, Vivian V., additional, Elder, Francis B., additional, Fisher, Ralph T., additional, Larimore, Granville W., additional, Lifson, S. S., additional, Walsh, Willimina R., additional, and Foote, Franklin M., additional

Published
1953
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68. Scientific Exhibit Citations—New York Annual Meeting

Author

Foote, Franklin M., primary, Brown, Paul H., additional, Calver, Homer N., additional, Drenckhahn, Vivian, additional, Elder, Francis B., additional, Hughes, Horace, additional, Knutson, Andie, additional, Larimore, Granville W., additional, Lifson, S. S., additional, and Walsh, Willimina Rayne, additional

Published
1950
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70. Proposed Report on Educational Qualifications of Public Health Dental Hygienists. Committee on Professional Education

Author

Blackerby, Philip E., primary, Atwater, Reginald M., additional, Bosch, Herbert M., additional, Defries, Robert D., additional, Felix, R. H., additional, Hardy, Albert V., additional, James, George, additional, Lifson, S. S., additional, Mallery, Otto T., additional, McGavran, Edward G., additional, Mickey, Janice E., additional, Roberts, Dean W., additional, Webster, Robert G., additional, Galagan, Donald J., additional, Blackerby, Philip E., additional, Ast, David B., additional, Ayers, Polly, additional, Hannon, Evelyn R., additional, Jeffreys, Margaret H., additional, Sebelius, Carl, additional, Swanson, Margaret, additional, and Warner, Elizabeth M., additional

Published
1956
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82. Scientific Exhibit Citations—St. Louis Annual Meeting

Author

Foote, Franklin M., primary, Brown, Paul H., additional, Calver, Homer N., additional, Drachman, Theodore S., additional, Drenckhahn, Vivian, additional, Elder, Francis B., additional, Fisher, Ralph T., additional, Hughes, Horace, additional, Knutson, Andie L., additional, Larimore, Granville W., additional, Lifson, S. S., additional, and Walsh, Willimina R., additional

Published
1951
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84. Proposed Report on Educational Qualifications of Directors of Public Health Departments. Committee on Professional Education

Author

Burney, Leroy E., primary, Atwater, Reginald M., additional, Blackerby, Philip E., additional, Bosch, Harbert M., additional, Defries, Robert D., additional, Hardy, Albert V., additional, Lifson, S. S., additional, Mickey, Janice E., additional, Roberts, Dean W., additional, Smiley, Dean F., additional, Van Volkenburgh, V. A., additional, Webster, Robert G., additional, Burgdorf, Alfred L., additional, Crabtree, James A., additional, Golley, Paul M., additional, Kinde, M. R., additional, Mattison, Berwyn F., additional, Mott, Frederick D., additional, Shanholtz, Mack I., additional, Chope, Harold D., additional, Eller, C. Howe, additional, Gaus, John M., additional, Hall, Frank M., additional, Leavell, Hugh R., additional, Lesser, Arthur, additional, Molner, Joseph G., additional, Mustard, Harry S., additional, Osborne, Frank J., additional, Porterfield, John D., additional, Riley, Robert H., additional, Sondag, Robert F., additional, and Willard, William R., additional

Published
1955
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88. Proposed Report on Field Training of Public Health Personnel. Committee on Professional Education

Author

Burney, Leroy E., primary, Atwater, Reginald M., additional, Blackerby, Philip E., additional, Bosch, Herbert M., additional, Defries, Robert D., additional, Hardy, Albert V., additional, Lifson, S. S., additional, Mallery, Otto T., additional, McGavran, Edward G., additional, Mickey, Janice E., additional, Roberts, Dean W., additional, Smiley, Dean F., additional, Webster, Robert G., additional, Gibson, William C., additional, Kinde, M. R., additional, Lovell, S. Elizabeth, additional, McIver, Pearl, additional, Malcolm, James C., additional, Robins, Hugh B., additional, and Smillie, Wilson G., additional

Published
1955
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97. The Macromolecular Route to Chiral Amplification.

Author

Green MM, Park JW, Sato T, Teramoto A, Lifson S, Selinger RL, and Selinger JV

Abstract

Cooperative phenomena, described by one-dimensional statistical physical methods, are observed between the enantiomeric characteristics of monomeric materials and the polymers they produce. The effect of minute energies associated with this amplified chirality, although currently not interpretable, can be easily measured. Nonlinear relationships between enantiomeric excess or enantiomeric content and polymer properties may offer the possibility of developing chiral catalysts and chiral chromatographic materials in which the burden of large enantiomeric excess or content may be considerably alleviated. New approaches to information and sensor technology may become possible.

Published
1999
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98. A modular treatment of molecular traffic through the active site of cholinesterase.

Author

Botti SA, Felder CE, Lifson S, Sussman JL, and Silman I

Subjects
Animals, Biocatalysis, Biological Transport, Diffusion, Humans, Ligands, Models, Molecular, Static Electricity, Substrate Specificity, Thermodynamics, Catalytic Domain, Cholinesterases chemistry, Cholinesterases metabolism, Models, Biological
Abstract

We present a model for the molecular traffic of ligands, substrates, and products through the active site of cholinesterases (ChEs). First, we describe a common treatment of the diffusion to a buried active site of cationic and neutral species. We then explain the specificity of ChEs for cationic ligands and substrates by introducing two additional components to this common treatment. The first module is a surface trap for cationic species at the entrance to the active-site gorge that operates through local, short-range electrostatic interactions and is independent of ionic strength. The second module is an ionic-strength-dependent steering mechanism generated by long-range electrostatic interactions arising from the overall distribution of charges in ChEs. Our calculations show that diffusion of charged ligands relative to neutral isosteric analogs is enhanced approximately 10-fold by the surface trap, while electrostatic steering contributes only a 1.5- to 2-fold rate enhancement at physiological salt concentration. We model clearance of cationic products from the active-site gorge as analogous to the escape of a particle from a one-dimensional well in the presence of a linear electrostatic potential. We evaluate the potential inside the gorge and provide evidence that while contributing to the steering of cationic species toward the active site, it does not appreciably retard their clearance. This optimal fine-tuning of global and local electrostatic interactions endows ChEs with maximum catalytic efficiency and specificity for a positively charged substrate, while at the same time not hindering clearance of the positively charged products.

Published
1999
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99. A model of prebiotic replication: survival of the fittest versus extinction of the unfittest.

Author

Lifson S and Lifson H

Subjects
Animals, Models, Biological, Selection, Genetic, Evolution, Chemical, Origin of Life
Abstract

A model of prebiotic replication discussed by Szathmary and Maynard Smith (1997) is refined in accordance with Lifson's (1997) theory on the crucial stages in the origin of animate matter. The refined model accounts for two processes associated with replication: (1) Replicators always decompose at some rate. (2) Replicators deplete their reactants at a rate equal to the rate of their own replication. Consequently, replicators and their reactants are linked by a non-linear feedback process that keeps them within limits and leads them toward a steady state. The model suggests that: (a) All competing replicators, including those which replicate at sub-exponential "parabolic" and super-exponential "hyperbolic" rates, are subject to natural selection. (b) Survival/extinction is determined by positive/negative net-replication irrespective of the mechanism of replication. (c) Being fit/unfit is the consequence of survival/extinction rather than its cause. In other words, natural selection and survival of the fit is the outcome of continual extinction of the unfit., (Copyright 1999 Academic Press.)

Published
1999
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100. On the crucial stages in the origin of animate matter.

Author

Lifson S

Subjects
Catalysis, Evolution, Chemical, Selection, Genetic, Origin of Life
Abstract

Theories of the origin of life have proposed hypotheses to link inanimate to animate matter. The theory proposed here derived the crucial stages in the origin of animate matter directly from the basic properties of inanimate matter. It asked what were the general characteristics of the link, rather than what might have been its chemical details. Life and its origin are shown to be one continuous physicochemical process of replication, random variation, and natural selection. Since life exists here and now, animate properties must have been initiated in the past somewhere. According to the theory, life originated from an as yet unknown elementary autocatalyst which occurred spontaneously, then replicated autocatalytically. As it multiplied to macroscopic abundance, its replicas gradually exhausted their reactants. Random chemical drift initiated diversity among autocatalysts. Diversity led to competition. Competition and depletion of reactants slowed down the rates of net replication of the autocatalysts. Some reached negative rates and became extinct, while those which stayed positive "survived." Thus chemical natural selection appeared, the first step in the transition from inanimate to animate matter. It initiated the first animate property, fitness, i.e., the capacity to adapt to the environment and to survive. As the environment was depleted of reactants, it was enriched with sequels-namely, with decomposition products and all other products which accompany autocatalysis. The changing environment exerted a selective pressure on autocatalysts to replace dwindling reactants by accumulating sequels. Sequels that were incorporated into the autocatalytic process became internal components of complex autocatalytic systems. Primitive forms of metabolism and organization were thus initiated. They evolved further by the same mechanism to ever higher levels of complexity, such as homochirality (handedness) and membranal enclosure. Subsequent evolution by the same mechanism generated cellular metabolism, cell division, information carriers, and a genetic code. Theories of self-organization without natural selection are refuted.

Published
1997
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