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COVID-19 challenged information exchange globally, including interlibrary loan (ILL). This project explored DOCLINE ILL borrowing data from 15 academic, hospital, and association health sciences libraries before and during the pandemic to understand gaps in ILL coverage. We reviewed aggregate filled and unfilled borrowing data from March to August in 2019 and 2020. We compared these time periods to each other and to system-wide fill rates. We normalized journal titles, added journal price and language, calculated descriptive statistics and odds ratios, and conducted 2-proportion z-tests of differences. In our sample of 14,891 requests, the odds of requests being unfilled were 2.7 times higher in 2020 than in 2019. While the proportion of non-English language content requested did not change, a significantly higher proportion went unfilled in 2020. The rate of unfilled requests for older items also rose significantly between 2019 and 2020. Our findings support the conclusion that the COVID-19 pandemic significantly influenced ILL article request fulfillment in health sciences libraries. Libraries should consider collection development strategies to increase the accessibility of articles held only in print, and those with specialized print collections may want to prioritize digitization of older materials. Future research on the availability, utility, and expense of the materials more likely to remain unfilled should inform publisher backfile prioritization as well as consortial and individual library collection development practices.

Digital reading is now an important way for children to read. This article defines the concept of children's digital reading based on the current situation, reading needs, and research progress of reading promotion methods. Aiming at the problem that only simple matching method is used for entity extraction in BAG model, this paper proposes an entity extraction method based on reference words and an entity graph construction method based on problem-related entities. Experiments on data sets verify the effectiveness of the model. The results show that the BAG model is improved by 2.4% on the verification set and 4.1% on the test set, which proves the effectiveness of the improved method. Based on the graph convolution algorithm of the central node, the local subgraph convolution and the global graph convolution are connected in the entity graph behind the central node, so that the model can obtain local and global information at the same time and enhance the reasoning ability of the model.

Purpose: This study aimed to understand how parents and librarians describe their lived experiences in a modern children's library that aims to create a triad bond through the organization of multiliteracy events and activities. Design/methodology/approach: The study used a phenomenological case study approach using two semistructured interviews, the first with parents (n = 5) and the second with library staff (n = 5), to record their lived experiences in creating and attending literacy events and activities. Findings: The findings indicated multiplicities of transformative and heterotypic spaces that juxtapose different yet compatible and vicarious experiences for librarians, parents and their children. The virtual and interactive features of the library fuel children's curiosity and creativity and afford them authentic materials through a creative blend of local heritage and technology-mediated multimodal literacies. Moreover, the librarians engage in constant program evaluation and upgrades. The library environment creates a vibrant bio-network for disseminating literacy through creativity and ingenuity and affords an affinity space for community socialization. Research limitations/implications: This study has some limitations and delimitations. The data for this study were collected during the pandemic, which affected the sample size. Moreover, the children's views were not considered, which could broaden our understanding of the phenomena. Furthermore, the study relied on interviews as the sole source of data; other sources, such as archival data and documents, could enrich the data and increase the study's rigor. Finally, the study is confined to only one site. Practical implications: The study found that a "living library" philosophy with an enthusiastic and attentive staff that caters to patrons' interests draws parents and children to visit. Additionally, unexpected fun activities that occur when sufficient children are present keep them engaged and motivated to stay and learn more. The study suggests that librarians, architects, school leaders, policymakers and educators should consider how to conceptualize, design and experience a modern library space that prioritizes literacy activities and incorporates technology to inspire children's innovations. The findings can be applied to both public and academic libraries. Originality/value: The findings from this study could provide researchers, teachers, administrators, librarians and artificial intelligence with a viable orientation to envision new ways of reconceptualizing public and school libraries to create affinity spaces for the literate community, especially in a non-western context such as the United Arab Emirates.

This article responds to the endemic, intergenerational, and pervasive racism endured by Black children in the USA and the need to reimagine classrooms as cultures of peace where Black histories, literatures, accomplishment, oppression, resistance, resilience, and joy are taught as central to the curriculum. To do so, the article shares a five-year study of practices developed by 12 teachers working with university educators to construct Pro-Black pedagogy for children from ages five-to-nine. The article opens with descriptions of renewed efforts in the USA to ban books and deny the teaching of whole histories and how that constitutes curricular violence in the lives of Black students. The study is anchored in Black Critical Theory as it encompasses understandings of anti-and Pro-Blackness in the education of young children. With decolonizing methodologies guiding data collection, analysis, and representation, findings are shared in the form of (a) practices used by the teachers to help students grow in their understanding of Black brilliance, resistance, and resilience; (b) tensions encountered; and (c) positive outcomes. The article closes with implications to guide the examination of curriculum and school structures as an essential element in Pro-Black curricular transformation.

The cross-sectional study explores the reasons behind students' avoidance of library reading. Of the 164 participants, the research uncovers a complex interplay between personal preferences, environmental influences, and social dynamics that shape reading behaviors. Contrary to expectations, students express a preference for classrooms settings and challenge the assumed importance of quiet library environments. The influence of strict regulations on library engagement also emerges as a noteworthy finding, suggesting the need for adaptable and welcoming spaces. The acceptance of digital resources among library avoiders reflects the growing role of online platforms in education. Design recommendations emphasize creating diverse reading spaces, balancing noise zones, and integrating nature-inspired environments.

Schools are often where children first develop a love for reading. However, in many rural towns and villages in Pakistan, opportunities for formal schooling are either unavailable or limited. Thus, children are unable to attend school in person to develop their literacy skills. In this article, the author discusses how a local non-governmental organization, the Alif Laila Book Bus Society (ALBBS), recognized this challenge and initiated several innovative ways to promote literacy for children who do not have access to educational materials.

Every year, the Rainbow Round Table Committee from the American Library Association (ALA) selects quality lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer/questioning, intersex, and asexual+ (LGBTQIA+) books for the ALA's Rainbow Book List. The committee evaluated approximately 450 titles published in the United States and Canada between July 1, 2020, and December 31, 2021, and selected 122 titles for children and young adults for the 2022 Rainbow Book List, the 15th year the list has been compiled. This article presents annotiations of the 16 picture books that have been organized according to five different categories: (1) significant figures and role models; (2) family and family dynamics; (3) body positivity and gender identity; (4) language; and (5) special events and simple daily lives.

While civic education may not always be explicitly included in school curriculums, it can still be imparted through various non-teaching practices and in different places. In this article, we will delve into three potential educational spaces--memorials, museums, and libraries--that are commonly found in Western democracies. We will explore the significance and scope of each of these spaces and discuss their respective ethical, political, and aesthetic responsibilities. Additionally, we will examine how they possess agency and can influence the educational process, recognizing that even non-human entities, such as nature itself, can play an important role in shaping our understanding of civic education.

We have elaborate systems of formal instruction--schools, universities, and training institutes--all to facilitate learning within the walls. At the same time, there are ample opportunities for learning in the wild--in nature, libraries, and museums, online, in play and work, and through daily interaction with others. But the potential for democratic education is severely constrained when classroom learning is isolated from learning and activities beyond. "Beyond the Classroom Walls: Imagining the Future of Education, from Community Schools to Communiversities" shows why education must connect to the larger world and how to make that happen.

Based on a descriptive research design, this study examined the variables of the levels of awareness, attitude and ethical concern in relation to faculty members in Nigerian universities and Open Educational Resources (OER). Against the backdrop of the five hypotheses raised and tested, findings indicated significant status-induced differences in how faculty members perceived OER and their ethical concern towards it. The analysis further showed that the benefits of OER ([beta] = 0545) contributed more to the prediction of ethical concern. Moreover, academics' awareness, attitude, and willingness contributed significantly to the emergence of OER initiatives. The study highlighted further academic staff benefits of OER in Nigerian universities. Consequently, it is recommended that universities and libraries need to fully embrace OER initiatives focusing on policy development, even as libraries undertake more aggressive awareness and advocacy programmes on OER among faculty members.

Book gifting programs such as Imagination Library aim to foster a love of reading and increase children's exposure to books and academic success. This study is a conceptual replication of previous studies focused on the Imagination Library program. To examine home literacy practices and caregiver perceptions of the Imagination Library, 149 families enrolled in Imagination Library in a central Texas county completed an online survey. Results indicated that the majority of respondents were extremely satisfied with the program and engaged in daily shared book reading. Though tips for sharing books with children are provided for program participants, the majority of respondents indicated not knowing about the tips. Parental education level significantly predicted daily reading, even when controlling for length of enrollment in the Imagination Library program which was not a significant predictor of daily reading. This study extends the literature on book gifting programs and has implications for book gifting program development and for other communities that implement Imagination Library.

During the 2020 and 2021 summer semesters, the University of Michigan Biological Station (UMBS) transitioned to hybrid classes that were primarily distance learning with two-week inperson sections. The library offered both synchronous and asynchronous reference assistance over the summer term. An analysis showed that students favored using the UMBS LibGuide over synchronous virtual reference help via Zoom. Students further preferred face-to-face interactions over virtual formats, and their preference for LibGuide assistance may carry into the post- COVID-19 classroom. This finding suggests that students prioritize convenience and immediacy over personalized assistance in the Zoom platform. Thus, in providing reference assistance to student populations in the field sciences, balancing face-to-face interactions with convenience and immediacy should be a priority. Recommendations based on the success of the 2020 and 2021 field seasons were suggested for reference interactions in future field courses.

The purpose of this research paper is to encourage school teachers (with an emphasis on elementary teachers) to recognize and explore the literacy potential of their classroom libraries as a powerful critical literacy tool/asset that when designed and utilized strategically has the potential to reposition their classroom pedagogy and curriculum design to be empowering, transformative, inclusive and progressive. To that effect, this paper offers/proposes a framework/model for critical text selection' that can be readily adapted by teachers across various grade levels within the K-12 classrooms to identify the specific critical literacy needs of their learners (including the learning environment) and then employ their classroom library as a critical literacy tool that facilitates learner empowerment both inside and outside their learning spaces. The paper also presents interested teachers with an alternate way to traverse the proposed framework in the hope that it will provide an impetus to teacher scholars and educators interested in adapting the framework into their classroom to innovatively modify the framework we have presented to better work with their unique curricular structure and design.

On August 30, 2019, the Vatican Library hosted a satellite IFLA conference on topics related to education for professionals, exactly 90 years after the first international conference was held in Rome, when the IFLA was officially named and its first statute was established. This paper was presented at the satellite conference to briefly summarize the major events of those memorable years and the Library's history as the background of this extraordinary season for world librarianship. In that period, the Vaticana was experiencing a moment of both institutional and professional prosperity, deeply connected with the events that led to the foundation of the IFLA; these were the same years in which Italy and the city of Rome, in the middle of the Fascist Regime, were hosting, in 1928 and 1929, respectively, the preparatory works and the First World Congress of Libraries and Bibliography, the major event that marks the foundation of the IFLA.

The rise of global migration has significantly changed how multilingualism in urban areas is studied. As such, the field of linguistic landscaping (LL) has been rapidly shifting its focus beyond LL signs to understand the semiotic construction of cityscapes and how multilingual communities share them (see Chik, Benson, & Moloney, 2019). In some cities, however, monolingualism is still preserved as a central identity throughout public spaces. This paper considers the relationship between micro-level language ideologies and the semiotic construction of space through an examination of the linguistic landscape in public spaces in the city of Coventry, UK. Despite official recognition of the high degree of ethnic and linguistic diversity within the city, English is dominant on public and private signage. This paper draws on signage data collected from two central public spaces in Coventry city centre as part of the MultiDiv summer school held at the University of Warwick in 2019. The analysis looks at the relationship between the geographical locations of the signs in selected sites and the languages displayed on them. Coventry Central Library is examined as a case study to show how micro-level language ideologies are manifested in a public place in relation to the spatial location of different categories of language signage. The study finds that English-only signs are more prominent in the city's public spaces while signs displaying English mixed with one or more community languages are pushed to the periphery. These findings contribute to the body of literature on LL in urban areas and public spaces (Shohamy, 2010) and support recent research that calls for new cosmopolitan approaches in examining language presence, use, and acts in urban public spaces (Pietika¨inen & Kelly-Holmes, 2013; Roeder & Walden, 2016; Da Costa Cabral & Martin-Jones, 2017; Edmond, 2017; Hatoss, 2019).

This study aims to investigate the relationship between reading habits and reading anxiety of secondary school students. In this research, the relational survey model of quantitative research methods was used. The research population consists of students who study at primary schools in the Palandöken district of Erzurum province in the 2019-2020 academic year. The research sample consists of students studying at a secondary school in Palandöken district, including 358 student participants. The research data was collected using two scales. According to the findings, while the gender variable made a significant difference in the reading habits of the students, it did not make a significant difference in reading anxiety. In terms of other sub-problems, the variables of grade, watching television, and going to the library differ significantly in terms of students' reading habits and reading anxiety. While there was no significant difference in terms of the mother's educational level variable, there was a significant difference in favor of the students whose father graduated from secondary education. In addition, it was found that there was a negative correlation between reading habits and reading anxiety of secondary school students, and that reading anxiety decreased when students' reading habits increased.

This article explores two considerations in the push toward joint "LAM" (Library, Archive, and Museum) programs of education and research: the organizational proximity of departments and schools of library and information studies (LIS) and museum studies (MS); and the degree to which individual scholars of LIS and MS share publishing outlets, as an indicator of current levels of scholarly interaction. An environmental scan of LIS and MS programs in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand was conducted to investigate the extent to which the two sets of programs were based in different universities and disciplinary units. A bibliometric survey was also carried out to gauge the extent to which LIS and MS scholars based in Australia publish in common journals, conference proceedings, and books. Findings show that the extent to which LIS and MS programs are offered by the same universities and colleges varies widely across countries, even within the English-speaking world. Further, the results suggest that while museum and curatorial studies tend to be located with arts and humanities disciplines, LIS programs are more likely to be located, particularly in North America, with the social sciences and ICT, although the disciplinary location of LIS programs is relatively diffuse. The bibliometric analysis confirmed the authors' hypothesis that Australian LIS and MS academics publish in different outlets, with academics from the two groups presenting at only one conference in common and publishing in no common journal in the period studied.

The present article displays a research designed to investigate the role of the toy library as a research laboratory focusing on plays and educational processes in Pedagogy courses. It is a theme of relevance, as it is necessary to deepen the conception of the toy library as a scientific space for learning, aiming at the improvement of the education of pedagogues. This qualitative action research was carried out at a Faculty of Education, having as subjects, the students and teachers of the faculty who accepted to participate. A Study Group was initially created with these students, aiming to develop a deeper theoretical knowledge on the theme and experimental activities in the toy library domain through workshops and recreational activities. Along the research, the teachers also participated answering a questionnaire, which investigated possibilities of actions in the toy library, linked to the course subjects. Several theoretical arguments were found, which were also detected in the answers to the questionnaire, supporting the idea of the toy library as an important laboratory in the educator's education, contributing, despite some remaining weaknesses, to a well-qualified education enabling pedagogues to face the challenges of today's world.

Mobile learning strategies have been employed for social learning activities, including library- and museum-supported learning. Previous studies have reviewed the literature from the technological aspect. However, a retrospective study from the perspective of bibliometric and network structure has not yet been provided. The aim of this study was therefore to systematically review journal papers on library-supported mobile learning (LibML). A coding framework including library types, mobile learning strategies, and research issues was adopted based on the literature and was used to screen and categorize the research papers. A co-citation network analysis was then adopted to analyze and visualize the structural relationships among the papers. A total of 53 eligible articles with 1370 citations in follow-up studies were collected from the Scopus database. The results showed that two main research streams of LibML were identified from the overall network structure, including library- and museum-supported mobile learning. In terms of the mobile learning strategy, library-supported research mainly focused on self-directed learning, whereas museum-supported research emphasized inquiry-based learning. In terms of research issues, most library-supported research focused on patrons' affective engagement, whereas museum-supported research emphasized learning performance. This study provides a citation-based approach to reveal the research trends and mainstream LibML research. The main contribution of combining co-citation and social network analysis is to provide a visualized network diagram of LibML research. Limitations of the methodological approach are noted. Discussion and future directions from the follow-up study are provided.

Large-scale disparities in computing exist for many youth of color. Learning in informal settings can increase the participation of youth in computing; however, computing education programs have typically been developed by adults for youth. We argue computing education can contribute toward decolonization by directly involving youth from nondominant communities as design partners. When we directly involve youth voices, we can move away from focusing solely on the structural barriers faced by youth of color toward an assets-based approach. We examine a 10-week case study within KidsTeam Libraries, an intergenerational digital design program where local youth conceptualize what digital learning could look like in libraries. Our qualitative dataset includes over 15 hours of video recordings from participatory design sessions, six interviews with participants, 10 researcher jottings, and a corpus of 25 researcher memos written by researchers, librarians, and teens. Throughout our investigation, our knowledge claims are co-constructed with the two teenagers who led the design and implementation of a three-dimensional printing curriculum in their local library with 10 children. Our findings emphasize (1) the ways in which the involvement of teen leaders can foster and sustain community-level relationships for computing education; (2) how we noticed, enforced, and disrupted power within our computing education program; and (3) the systemic challenges we confronted in our process toward disrupting computing education. We provide empirical evidence of teen-led participatory design approaches for computing education in their community through detailed vignettes from sessions and through quotes from key participants. We contribute to the computing education community a novel approach in which youth are positioned as design partners for reimagining a computing education experience in libraries that centers and serves community members.

This study aimed to identify the degree of usage by Kuwait University (KU) faculty members of the academic support information and communication technology (ICT) tools, services, systems, and resources provided by KU. The study comprised an exploratory descriptive research design, using a survey questionnaire technique. A total of 304 faculty members willingly participated in the study. Regardless of two decades of massive investment to situate ICT tools, services, systems, and resources as a pivotal tenet of KU's teaching, learning, research, and administration practices, the findings revealed that formal academic usage of these ICT services and resources by KU faculty is only "average" (overall mean score is 3.48 (SD = 0.937) on a 6-point rating scale). This implies that the potential benefits of these academic support ICT systems and services have not yet been attained, in terms of serving KU's strategic objectives. Lack of technical support, awareness of availability, time, knowledge/training, and impracticality (e.g., difficulty accessing ICT services and resources due to slow speed connection, or too much maintenance, etc.) were among the key factors that led KU faculty members either to not use at all or to infrequently use academic support ICT services and resources provided by KU. In light of these findings, a number of important implications are provided to help increase the extent of ICT tools and resource usage by KU faculty members. Other academic institutions can use this study as a reference to evaluate their faculty members' ICT use.

The study examined the relationship between the secondary school head teacher's leadership roles in delivering the much-needed integrative quality education in Uganda. It also sought to determine the overall effect of the head teacher's leadership role on the school's ability to realize integrative education. Results revealed that there are three (3) significant roles of the head teacher that once performed have a direct effect on enhancing integrative education in the school which are; (i) Routine administration and management of the school ([beta] = 0.375, t = 2.636, p < 0.10); (ii) monitoring teaching and curriculum coverage ([beta] = 0.569, t = 4.119, p < 0.0001); and (iii) Community Engagement ([beta] = 0.275, t = 1.692, p < 0.094). Therefore, head teachers are expected to put strong emphasis on these in order to realize the required integrative education which encompasses student knowledge application, acquisition of life career skills and innovation.

In this study, it has been intended to examine reading cultures of pre-service teachers depending on multiple variables. The study group of this research consists of 377 pre-service teachers who are studying in fourth grade at Turkish Education, Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Primary School Mathematics Education, Computer and Instructional Technologies, Fine Arts-Music Education, English Education, and Special Education departments during the fall semester of 2017-2018 education year. "Reading Culture Scale", which was formerly developed by the researchers, was carried out in order to designate the reading culture of pre-service teachers. With reference to the produced statistical analyses, the total average point on reading culture of pre-service teachers, who had attended the study, was found as medium. When variables affecting reading cultures of pre-service teachers were examined, a significant difference was observed in the variable of gender, and female pre-service teachers were identified to have higher average points in RCS comparing to male pre-service teachers. There are significant differences in RCS total points of pre-service teachers as regards to the variables of membership to the library, owning a bookcase, having a habit of reading. It has been designated that pre-service teachers with membership to the library, owning a bookcase and having a habit of reading had more RCS total average points than others. Through outcomes of this study, status evaluation, concerning reading cultures of pre-service teachers, had been conducted; and several suggestions were made upon adopting a reading culture to an individual with the aim of future studies.

Give a child a book and watch them blossom in more ways than you could possibly imagine! Nothing can replace the feel of a book and the turning of pages in anticipation of a story unfolding picture by picture, chapter by chapter. Books open doors to learning and to the world around us. Where do we go to find these awesome books? The library, of course. The 10 tips in this article are a combination of common and creative approaches to library visits with a young child in mind.

A qualitative case study sought to investigate the impact of a recently opened Play Library in Istanbul, Turkey upon the acquisition and development of literacy and creative reading culture for attending children and their families. The research was carried out among pre-schoolers from different ethnic and cultural backgrounds attending the Sisli Feriköy Kitap Okuyan Çocuklar (Children Reading Books) Play Library, which was the third Play Library opened in Turkey. "Kitap Okuyan Çocuklar" is a civil society group that works to establish local children's spaces, blending the concepts of play-centers, children's libraries, and family-centers as found in Western countries. The qualitative methods utilized during the research employed direct observation, interviews and questionnaires with stakeholders, which included librarians, children and their families.

This paper argues that medium for information access becomes central to library and information science. The author discusses the notion of medium, medium neutrality, and personalization and suggests that the dominating paradigm of providing fast, efficient, and neutral systems and services for retrieving information has sidetracked opportunities to explore the impact of medium on information access. The paper makes three specific recommendations for library and information science education: be skeptical, slow down, and understand classification.

The Beebe (AR) Public School District is committed to the mission of utilizing all resources to provide learning opportunities, tools, progressive technology, and guidance to enable all students to become productive citizens and lifelong learners. Each school year, upon returning from summer vacation, a noticeable decline in student reading levels from the end of the previous school year is evident. The research is clear that children who do not read during the summer can lose up to three months of reading progress and that loss has a cumulative, long-term effect. This article describes a project taken on by the Beebe School District to combat summer reading loss. A retired 1994 sixty-six-passenger school bus from the fleet was retrofitted into the Beebe Badger Bookmobile. The intentional focus of the bookmobile project was to get books into the hands of students in this community. The maintenance, technology, and carpentry crews at Beebe Public Schools completed most of the retrofitting on site, resulting in substantial savings to the district in comparison to the cost of conversion by a specialty company. The Beebe Badger Bookmobile joins the school lunch summer meal program (supported by a federal grant) on planned stops Monday through Thursday of each week during the summer. Students, ages eighteen and under, are invited to enjoy a healthy sack lunch and beverage prepared by food service employees in an effort to meet young learners' physiological needs. The food service employees (who have their own van) encourage all students to visit the bookmobile after they finish their lunch. Likewise, bookmobile employees encourage all patrons to enjoy a healthy school lunch after they choose their books. Feeding both the bodies and minds of students during the summer is an action step toward fulfilling the mission to use all resources to guide students to becoming lifelong learners.

The article discusses the origin and development of the school system on the territory of Vologda province in 1725-1917. In the second part of the study, the authors examine the development of the public education system from the end of the 1840 to 1864. In solving research problems, both general scientific methods (concretization and generalization) and traditional methods of historical analysis were used. The authors used the historical-situational method, which involves the study of historical facts in the context of the era in conjunction with the "neighboring" events and facts. Additionally, pre-revolutionary studies on the history of pedagogy, as well as modern Russian scientific literature, were brought in as materials. In conclusion, the authors noted that the system of public education in Vologda province from the late 1840s to 1864 continued to develop actively. At this time, the idea of teaching literacy to the younger generation begins to penetrate into the consciousness of the peasantry. As a result, not only a variety of educational institutions appears, but also ways of teaching children with the help of private hiring of teachers are becoming common. The first private public library appeared in the early 1860s and it also contributed to the spread of literacy. [For "Development of the School Education System in the Province of Vologda (1725-1917). Part 1," see EJ1212324.]

The English language curriculum prepared by the Ministry of National Education for high schools in Turkey seems to be satisfactory in theory, but the related studies about the attitudes of actual practitioners towards English classes in high schools are not detailed and comprehensive enough. This study aims to fill this gap. To do so, qualitative research was conducted with 13 English language teachers and 55 high school students from different parts of Turkey. They were asked for their opinions, applications, observations, and challenges of the English language teaching system in their high schools and some suggestions for the problematic issues were requested from them via open-ended questions. The data were analyzed descriptively; the results showed that most teachers are not satisfied with the coursebooks, crowded classes, quite limited class hours, and unmotivated students. Their main suggestions cover the privatization of education, having language libraries, labs, speaking clubs, and more lesson hours for English and decreasing the number of students in each classroom. Additionally, teachers want to attend international seminars to become aware of the latest methods/sources. Students have some valuable suggestions for the improvements as well. Nearly all of the students are unhappy about the coursebooks; thus, they suggest them to be revised. They also want to join international projects and improve their language skills. As a result of the study, suggestions covering many issues like coursebooks, assessment, teacher training, and European projects were proposed with an aim to diminish the gap between theories and applications in real classes.

There is value in being a lifelong reader and writer; yet, preservice teachers frequently do not exhibit these attributes. As an educator of future teachers, the author of this article reflects on practice. One goal in working with these education students is to develop their competencies in the use of literary strategies, with a secondary goal of encouraging the students' reading and writing beyond academic requirements. The author reflects on specific classroom activities and discussions which address the sharing of reading selections, the discussion of books and related films, the building of classroom libraries, and finally, the reciting and writing poetry. These specific practices are intended to promote voluntary reading and writing in preservice teachers so they will, in turn, promote reading and writing among their own students.

Reading is not only limited to students in boundary wall institutions, where all individuals cannot access easily. People belongs to poor family backgrounds cannot reach to these institutions for learning and reading while reading is for all, for the better understanding of life. Reading has its value being a source of knowledge and every individual has a right to get knowledge. Book reading does not mean to read only course related books which students are bound to attend classes in boundary wall institutions for passing exams. It has various reading materials like magazine, story books, comic books, newspaper and general knowledge for broadening students' minds at all levels. Distance learner plan to increase their knowledge of these things at home or nearest to home places without the restrictions of boundary wall. Young students' engagement in reading is valuable in their future success. All distance learners in Bahawalpur region in year 2017 were the population of this study. Students participating in distance learning workshops were contacted. The students who were willing to participate in survey were selected as sample. Hence convenient sampling technique was used. Total 1100 students participated in the survey conducted in this regard. Data was collected through a questionnaire and correlation between facilities and reading interest was measured. It is found that students' interest is correlated with fathers' reading interest and available books at home or nearest place to their home. It is recommended that students may be provided with reading material at nearest place and parents should also show interest in reading so that children may follow them accordingly.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the predominant factors contributing to low reading abilities of pupils at Elsie Lund Basic School in the Tamale Metropolis, Ghana. Purposive sampling technique was used to select twelve (12) classroom teachers of the Elsie Lund Basic School. The instrument used to collect data was one-to-one in-depth individual interview. The gathered data were analysed thematically. The analysis of the data showed the following to be the factors contributing to the low reading abilities of the pupils: their lack of confidence to practice how to read in class, poor motivation from teachers and parents to help develop the interest of the pupils in reading, lack of pre-reader books in school and at home, lack of library, teachers inadequate knowledge on phonemic awareness strategy of teaching reading, lack of reading clubs and lack of reading competition among the pupils in the school. Some recommendations were made to ensure an improvement in the reading abilities of the pupils, including: teachers building the confidence level of the pupils in reading through making them read cooperatively, the school authority supplying adequate pre-reader books to facilitate the teaching and learning of reading in the school, parents ensuring adequate supply of pre-reader books at home, parents rewarding and complementing their children for improved reading abilities, the school organising reading competitions among pupils and the school management partnering with the Ghana Education Service to organize inservice training for all language teachers on phonemic awareness strategy in teaching reading skills.

Art literacy refers to achieving artistic knowledge, evaluating this knowledge and integrating it with experiences. The aim of the study is to examine the ''art literacy'' levels of the students attending the educational faculty in terms of grade level, gender, the fact that they love art books, the fact that they love doing research in library, frequency of reading books and the department they attend. The study group consisted of 585 students attending the educational faculty of Nigde Omer Halisdemir University in 2017-2018 academic year. The art literacy scale was used to collect the data of the study. At the end of the study, it was determined that art literacy levels of students were similar in terms of class level and gender. It was realized that the art literacy level of the students enjoying reading art books was higher than the students who did not like doing so. It was also found out that the art literacy level of the students enjoying doing research in the library was higher than the students who did not like doing research. Moreover, the art literacy level of students who read books on a daily basis was higher than the students who read one book in a month and those who did not read.

Purpose: The researchers conducted a collective case study to investigate how families engaged in making activities related to aerospace engineering in six pop-up makerspace programs held in libraries and one museum. The purpose of this paper is to support families' engagement in design tasks and engineering thinking, three types of discussion prompts were used during each workshop. The orienting design conjecture was that discussion prompts would allow parents to lead productive conversations to support engineering-making activities. Design/methodology/approach: Within a collective case study approach, 20 consented families (22 adults, 25 children) engaged in making practices related to making a lunar rover with a scientific instrument panel. Data included cases of families' talk and actions, as documented through video (22 h) and photographs of their engineering designs. An interpretivist, qualitative video-based analysis was conducted by creating individual narrative accounts of each family (including transcript excerpts and images). Findings: Parents used the question prompts in ways that were integral to supporting youths' participation in the engineering activities. Children often did not answer the astronomer's questions directly; instead, the parents revoiced the prompts before the children's engagement. Family prompts supported reflecting upon prior experiences, defining the design problem and maintaining the activity flow. Originality/value: Designing discussion prompts, within a broader project-based learning pedagogy, supports family engagement in engineering design practices in out-of-school pop-up makerspace settings. The work suggests that parents play a crucial role in engineering workshops for youths aged 5 to 10 years old by revoicing prompts to keep families' design work and sensemaking talk (connecting prior and new ideas) flowing throughout a makerspace workshop.

The purpose of this study was to explore the current practices of information literacy instruction in the libraries of universities in Pakistan. The research method consisted of a quantitative approach using a structured questionnaire for empirical data collection, which was sent to the universities and degree awarding institutions recognised by the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan. The collected data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences software (SPSS version-24). Both the descriptive (frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation) and inferential (Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney U statistic) testing were applied for analysing the data. The findings of the study show that 63% of the responding university libraries offer information literacy (IL) education mostly to new students and this ranges from basic to advanced skills. Face-to-face delivery is the most popular IL delivery method. The IL instruction appears to take place in library training rooms. The outcome of this study will help the Library and Information Sciences (LIS) schools, library associations, and universities comprehend the present status of information literacy instructions in the libraries of Pakistani universities.

This paper asks how libraries have rhythmed women's education and everyday lives. It draws on women's narratives of library use in a multicultural suburb of Birmingham, UK. It shows that women's use of libraries exists in rhythmic relations with other times and places, both public and private. The narratives reveal the value of the library in offering space for women to claim time for themselves in the Lefebvrian "weak time, the stops, silences, blanks". Routines, cycles and continuity of use over various scales are important in women's engagements with libraries. Memorable too are particular "moments." Punctuating the quotidian rhythms of library use, these moments are individual stories of rupture; times of great significance in women's lives. Changes to library provision have, therefore, rhythmic consequences, with reduced opening hours and library closure bringing "arrhythmia." Through the library, women are linked to particular histories and they enter into shared rhythms, within both the present and the past. Libraries, this paper argues, offer not only an important public space but also public time.

Abstract This article provides an overview of the importance of and the steps to undertaking a classroom library diversity audit. It begins by situating the importance of the classroom library in children's development because literature can reflect and expand worldviews. Next, statistics of U.S. children's literature publishing and U.S. classroom populations are provided to contextualize the need for a diverse classroom library. The article then covers the four steps a teacher needs to take to complete a classroom library audit - visualizing, completing the inventory, reflecting on findings, and developing next-step plans. It concludes with a call to action for teachers to consider their responsibility as curators of diversity.