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International conventions and initiatives can promote collective action against global crises, and strengthen the efforts of countries to take concerted actions. This study summarizes the important international agendas related to marine ecological conservation and restoration, and analyzes China's policy mechanism in recent years. It believes that the policies in China and international documents are synergistic and effective in jointly strengthening efforts to respond to the global crisis. This study also puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions for China to build a detailed regional marine ecological map, strengthen ecological corridor restoration, improve scientific and technological support systems, and promote international cooperation in marine ecological conservation and restoration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The elaborate simultaneous land-sea surveys of flux of pollutants into the sea and the marine pollution distribution in the Laizhou Bay (LZB) were conducted for three times in autumn (October 2018), spring (May 2019) and summer (August 2019), respectively; and basing on this, the emission fluxes of petroleum pollutants from main rivers and outfalls of the LZB were estimated; the spatial and temporal distribution of petroleum hydrocarbon in the surface water of the LZB in different seasons and influential factors were analyzed; and combined with the n-alkane component and composition of petroleum hydrocarbon, the sources of petroleum hydrocarbon contained in sea water of the LZB were explored. Consequently, it was showed that petroleum pollutants in the LZB are significantly negative correlated with salinity, and the areas in which high petroleum concentrations had been monitored were mainly located at the bottom of the estuary of Xiaoqing River, belonging to the regions with high rate of the land-based pollutants flux into the sea; the mean concentrations of petroleum pollutant in different seasons were consistent with the changing trend of the flux into the sea, appearing the characteristics of higher pollutants flux in summer than in spring and in autumn.Therefore, the findings implied that the spatial and temporal distribution of petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants concentrations in the LZB were determined by land-based emissions; meantime, the contribution of marine pollution sources, such as ship transportation and fishing activities, to petroleum pollution of the sea ought not to be ignored. Additionally, the carbon number of n-alkanes in the surface seawater of the LZB obviously showed the bimodal distribution, namely, "low carbon number "and "high carbon number ". The low carbon number peaks had distinct odd-even advantages, and the main peaks being n-C15 and n-C18, respectively. It was clear that petroleum in this sea area mainly originated from aquatic organisms and terrestrial plants, but evidently, part of the sea area was polluted by exogenous petroleum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: How ocean currents shape fungal transport, dispersal and more broadly fungal biogeography remains poorly understood. The East China Sea (ECS) is a complex and dynamic habitat with different water masses blending microbial communities. The internal transcribed spacer 2 region of fungal rDNA was analysed in water and sediment samples directly collected from the coastal (CWM), Kuroshio (KSWM), Taiwan warm (TWM) and the shelf mixed water mass (MWM), coupled with hydrographic properties measurements, to determine how ocean currents impact the fungal community composition. Almost 9k fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) spanning six phyla, 25 known classes, 102 orders and 694 genera were obtained. The typical terrestrial and freshwater fungal genus, Byssochlamys, was dominant in the CWM, while increasing abundance of a specific OTU affiliated with Aspergillus was revealed from coastal to open ocean water masses (TWM and KSWM). Compared with water samples, sediment harboured an increased diversity with distinct fungal communities. The proximity of the Yangtze and Qiantang estuaries homogenizes the surface water and sediment communities. A significant influence of ocean currents on community structure was found, which is believed to reduce proportionally the variation explained by environmental parameters at the scale of the total water masses. Dissolved oxygen and depth were identified as the major parameters structuring the fungal community. Our results indicate that passive fungal dispersal driven by ocean currents and river run‐off, in conjunction with the distinct hydrographic conditions of individual water masses, shapes the fungal community composition and distribution pattern in the ECS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method has been developed for the determination of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) in fire proof coatings by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The sample was extracted with dichloromethane and purified through an organic membrane before analysis with GC-MS. The characteristic fragments (m/z 157, 239, 319, 401) and the quantitative ion (m/z 239) were selected. With the optimized conditions, the good linear relationship was obtained between the peak area and the mass concentration of HBCD in the range of 5 to 100 mg/L with the correlation coefficient more than 0. 999. The spiked recoveries in the coatings of acrylic and epoxy resins were 92.9% - 116.3% with the RSDs not more than 8%. The LOD (S/N > or = 3) of HBCD was 30 microg/g, and the LOQ (S/N > or = 10) was 100 microg/g, which were much lower than the international maximum residue limit. The method is simple, quick, accurate and precise, which can meet the requirements of the European Commission Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006 and Norway PoHS instruction (Prohibition on Certain Hazardous Substances in Consumer Products) for the determination of HBCD. It is suitable for the analysis of HBCD in fire proof coatings.