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[34] Parena (Parena) circumdata Shibata, 1987 Habitus: Figs 69A, 69B. Male genitalia: Fig. 70. Gonocoxites of ovipositor: Fig. 11S. Shibata, 1987: 64 (type locality: Taiwan, Taoyuan; holotype in KCMI: Kashihara City Museum of Insects, Kashihara, Japan); Xie & Yu, 1993: 189; Kirschenhofer, 2006: 88. Non-type material examined. China: 1 male (IZAS), " Guangdong, Shixing county, Chebaling, Zhangdongshui, N24.72320°, E114.25640°, 354 m, 2008.VII.25, on vegetation, Yang Zhuo lgt." . 1 female (CCCC), "Taiwan, Hsinchu county, Wufeng, Dalu forest road, 1994.VII.9 ". 1 female (CCCC), "Taiwan, Hsinchu county, Wufeng, Dalu forest road, 2003.VI.15 " . 1 female (CCCC), "Taiwan, Taipei county, Fushan, 1994.IV.20, Chen Changchin lgt.". 1 female (CCCC), "Taiwan, Nantou county, Ren'ai, Chinching, 1995.VIII" . 1 male (CCCC), "Taiwan, Taipei county, Sanhsia, Shizitou, 1995.III.18, Lo Chinchi lgt.". 1 male (CCCC), "Taiwan, Nantou county, Puli, Guandaoshan, 1999.V.1, Chen Changchin lgt.". India: 1 female (NHMB), "India Darjeeling D., C.J. Rai", " Chairy Cow. 26.VIII.85 800 m " . 1 female (NHMB), "India Darjeeling D., C.J. Rai", " Kalimpong, Lower Tanake, 29.VI.1985 ". 1 female (NHMB), " Darjeeling Distr. India, Bhakta B.", "Laua 2200 m, 7.VIII.78". Vietnam: 1 ex (MNHN), "env. Hoah binh, Tonkin ". Comparisons. This species differs from other species of the genus by the combination of: elytra with metallic green lateral stripes, elytra disc reddish brown with metallic hue, postgenae without suborbital setae, and males with rudimentary adhesive setae on mesotarsomere 1. It is most similar to P. latecincta, with both having metallic green lateral stripes on the elytra. However, P. circumdata is readily differentiated from the latter species in having the elytra lateral stripes narrower, only extended medially to interval 7 in the middle, elytra disc with distinct metallic hue, and males with adhesive setae ventrally on mesotarsomere 1. Description. Body length 10.0–11.0 mm. Head and pronotum dark brown, with faint metallic green hue; mouthparts yellowish brown, apices of mandibles dark brown; basal four antennomeres reddish brown, apical ones distinctly darker; elytra disc reddish brown, with distinct metallic purple hue, with narrow metallic green lateral stripes, extended medially over intervals 8 and 9 and half of interval 7 at middle, stripes narrowly continuous at base, nearly extended to sutural angles at apex, interval 1 completely brown; elytral lateral margins and epipleura brown with strong metallic hue; legs dark brown, apices of femora piceous with metallic green hue; venter dark brown. Vertex finely and densely punctate; postgenae without suborbital setae; antennae barely extended to pronotal base; labrum quadrate, apex nearly straight; mentum with a pair of minute median setae, barely visible in some specimens. Pro notum sub-cordate, PW/PL = 1.35–1.43, usually slightly wider than head, PW/HW = 0.99–1.04; widest at anterior third, strongly narrowed to base, more or less sinuate before posterior angles; posterior angles widely obtuse; disc usually with sparse punctures. Elytra slightly dilated to apex, with shallow isodiametric microsculpture; striae well incised, with fine puncture rows; intervals sparsely punctate; disc with large shallow depressions near basal third of intervals 3 to 6. Males with uniseriate adhesive setae near apex of mesotarsomere 1, with biseriate setae on apical half of mesotarsomere 2 and almost full length of mesotarsomere 3. Apex of abdominal sternite VII nearly straight in males. Median lobe of aedeagus stout (AL/AW = 3.9–4.1), right margin weakly pointed before apical lamella; apical lamella thick, ovate in dorsal view, LL subequal to LW, not declined to left; subuliform in lateral view, apex not bent upward. Endophallus with very large flared basal expansion of primary sclerite; flagellum extending almost to the base of apical orifice; apical sclerite narrowly V-shaped, weakly defined, basal core indistinct; basal sheath coarsely scaled, apical sheath finely scaled, similar size as basal sheath; squamate sac well divided, near middle of median lobe, dorsal-right to squamate sheath; distal sac smaller and closer to apex than proximal sac. Gonocoxite II of ovipositor nearly trapezoid, slightly longer than width, apex curved, angulate near inner apical angle, with two ensiform setae on outer apical angle, three on inner apical angle, one of them slightly distant from other two. Distribution (Map 11, blue). China (Taiwan, Guangdong), Vietnam (Tonkin), India (Darjeeling)., Published as part of Shi, Hongliang & Liang, Hongbin, 2023, Taxonomic revision of the genus Parena Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini, Metallicina), pp. 1-144 in Zootaxa 5286 (1) on pages 115-117, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5286.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7958937, {"references":["Shibata, T. (1987) Three new species and a new record of Carabidae from Taiwan (Truncatipennes) (Coleoptera). Entomological Review of Japan, 42 (1), 63 - 67.","Xie, W. P. & Yu, P. Y. (1993) On the Chinese species of Parena Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Sinozoologia, 10, 185 - 195.","Kirschenhofer, E. (2006) Neue Arten der Gattung Parena Motschulsky aus Japan, China Und Indonesien (Sulawesi) (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Mitteilungen des Internationalen Entomologischen Vereins E. V. Frankfurt, 31 (3 - 4), 87 - 103."]}

2. Parena laesipennis species group This species group contains three very similar and allopatric species, distributed from East Asia to western part of Indonesia, but not known from south India or islands east of the Wallace line (Map 3). This species group is characterized by: dorsal surface entirely yellowish brown to reddish brown; elytral striae not incised, replaced by lines of punctures, intervals flat; elytral sutural angles more or less pointed, forming short spines, outer apical angles more or less angulate; LL much bigger than LW., Published as part of Shi, Hongliang & Liang, Hongbin, 2023, Taxonomic revision of the genus Parena Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini, Metallicina), pp. 1-144 in Zootaxa 5286 (1) on page 32, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5286.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7958937

[29] Parena (Parena) amamiooshimensis Habu, 1964 Habitus: Fig. 59C. Male genitalia: Fig. 61. Habu, 1964a: 29 (type locality: Amami-oshima Is., Hatsuno, holotype in NIAES: National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, Japan); Habu, 1967: 156; Habu, 1982: 113. Type material examined. Parena amamiooshimensis Habu: Paratype: 1 male (NHML), "Paratype" [round label with yellow circle], " Amamiôshi- / ma Is., Kago- / shima Pref. / Japan ", "Paratype / Parena / amamiooshi- mensis Habu " [green label] . Comparisons. This species is very similar to P. nigrolineata, but its stout male genitalia shows they are distinct. Externally, P. amamiooshimensis differs from P. nigrolineata mainly in having the elytra black stripes obliterated from the apices and background color darker. According to Habu (1967), these differences are valid when determining Japanese species. However, we examined one specimen of P. nigrolineata from Guizhou, China (Fig. 56E) having elytral stripes similar to P. amamiooshimensis, and two specimens of P. nigrolineata from Yunnan having dark reddish brown background similar to P. amamiooshimensis. Thus, distributional information is sometimes necessary when identifying this species. Description. Body length 8.0– 9.3 mm. Dorsum dark reddish brown, elytra with black lateral stripes, without metallic hue, stripes completely or partly obliterated from intervals 1 to 4 basally and apically; antennae, mouthparts, legs and venter brown. Postgenae without suborbital setae; antennae hardly reaching pronotal base; mentum with a pair of very short median setae. Pronotum rounded-hexagon, PW/PL = 1.43–1.49, slightly wider than head, PW/HW = 1.04–1.08; widest at anterior third, strongly narrowed to base, lightly sinuate before posterior angles; posterior angles widely obtuse. Elytra slightly dilated to apex, surface with very faint isodiametric microsculpture; striae well incised, with fine puncture rows; intervals sparsely punctate; disc with large and shallow depressions near basal third of intervals 3 to 6. Apex of abdominal sternite VII weakly emarginate in males. Median lobe of aedeagus stout, right margin sinuate before apical lamella; apical lamella wide rounded-triangular, LL smaller than LW, apex weakly bent upward in lateral view. Females not studied, but according to Habu (1967) gonocoxite II of ovipositor similar to P. nigrolineata. Distribution (Map 10, cyan). Only known from the Ryukyu Islands, including Takera Is., Amami Is., Okinawa Is., Tokuno Is. and Ishigaki Is. (Habu, 1967, 1982). It is sympatric with P. nigrolineata. Remarks. P. amamiooshimensis is a species with the stoutest male genitalia within the P. nigrolineata group, which is somewhat similar to the P. latecincta group. However, the male genitalia of P. amamiooshimensis is different from that of P. latecincta group in the apical lamella (in lateral view) thin and apex slightly bent dorsally. This character well corresponds to other species in the P. nigrolineata group., Published as part of Shi, Hongliang & Liang, Hongbin, 2023, Taxonomic revision of the genus Parena Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini, Metallicina), pp. 1-144 in Zootaxa 5286 (1) on page 103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5286.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7958937, {"references":["Habu, A. (1964 a) A new species of Parena from southern islands of Japan (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Akitu, 11, 29 - 31.","Habu, A. (1982) Revised and supplementary notes on and descriptions of the Truncatipennes group of Japan (2) (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Entomological Review of Japan, 37 (2), 83 - 118."]}

[46] Parena (Parena) africana (Alluaud, 1917) Habitus: Figs 80C–F. Male genitalia: Fig. 82. Gonocoxites of ovipositor: Fig. 11X. Alluaud, 1917: 87 (original: Crossoglossa; type locality: Cameroun; lectotype in MNHN); Basilewsky, 1961: 213. Misidentification: Parena ferruginea (Chaudoir): Basilewsky, 1955: 129 Type material examined. Crossoglossa africana Alluaud : Lectotype (MNHN, Fig. 80C), designated herein: male, body length = 8.4 mm, board mounted, " g.d. Kamerum / Mukonje Farm ", "exTypis" [red letter], " africana ", "MUSEUM PARIS / Coll. Ch. ALLUAUD" [blue label]. Paralectotypes: 1 female (MNHN), " Kamerun Mungo Mukonje Farm ", "exTypis" [red letter], " africana ", "MUSEUM PARIS / Coll. Ch. ALLUAUD"[blue label]. 1 female (MNHN), " Mungo g.d. Kamerum ", "exTypis" [red letter], " africana ", "MUSEUM PARIS / Coll. Ch. ALLUAUD" [blue label]. 1 female (MNHN), "Afrique or. Allemande / KILIMANDJARO / VERSANT SUD-EST / ALLUAUD & JEANNEL", "ZONE INFERIEURE / NEU-MOSCHI, 800 M / Avril 1912, St.72", "TYPE" [red label], "MUSEUM PARIS / Coll. Ch. ALLUAUD" [blue label], " Crossoglossa / africana / alluaud n.sp. / alluaud detern ". Notes on types. The original description mentioned four specimens from "Cameroun" and "Kilimandjaro", but no holotype was fixed. In the collection of MNHN, we found one male and three females in accord with the original description. We herein designated the male from Cameroon as the lectotype (Fig. 80C). Non-type material examined. Cameroon: 1 ex (MNHN), "Negoulgal, Avril, 63; Ngomedzap". 1 male, 1 ex (MNHN), " Meyo, 17-XII-68" . 1 ex (MNHN), "Nkolbisson, 10-V-68". 1 ex (MNHN), "Nkolbisson, 16- IV-69". 1 female (MNHN), "Nkolbisson, 28-V-69". 1 ex (MNHN), "Nkolbitye, 5-IX-63". 1 ex (MNHN),"Ahala, 30- IV-69". 1 ex (MNHN),"Mfida, 3-VI-70". 1 ex (MNHN), "Dimpan, (Messamena), Mai 64". 1 ex (MNHN), "Metet, Nyongetsoe, Avril, 68". 1 male, 1 ex (MNHN), " Oct. 1958, Bois des singes, Douala. Cameroun, J. Cantaloube " . 1 ex* (MNHN), "Tsana, 23-VII-65". 1 ex* (MNHN), "Tsana, (Nkolkosse), I-70". 1 female * (MNHN), " Nkometou II, 27-VIII-69" . Senegal: 1 male *, 2 females * (MNHN), " Senegal Djebelor, Casamance, 8.III.1981, B. Sigmalt leg." . Nigeria: 1 female * (ZSM), "Nigeria/ Afr., Kaduna 1971, 10-30.V., Politzar leg.". Central Africa Republic: 1 female (MNHN), " Senguela, 24-IV.70; R.C.A., Rives de la Lobaye " . Gabon: 5 ex (MNHN), "Ogooue, Lambarene, R. Ellenbercer 1913". 2 ex (MNHN), "Congo, Ogooue, Lambarene, R. Ellenbercer 1910". Uganda: 1 female (IZAS), " Uganda, Bushenyi distr. Kalinzu Forest; rain forest; -0.3756, 30.1152; 1496 m; on vegetation; SHI HL. & LIU Y. leg.; 2018.II.26 " . Tanzania: 1 male (ZSM), " Tanganyika, Mt. Meru, Momella, 1600-1800 m, 12.II.64, leg. W. Forster ". 1 male * (NHML), " E. Africa, Ukerewe Is., P.A. Conrada " . Zambia: 1 female (NHML), " N.W. Rhodesia: Kashitu., 19.iii.1915, H.C. Dollman. ", "Kashitu, 19.III.15, beaten from top of tall "mopani".". 1 male * (NHML), " N.W. Rhodesia: Kashitu., February 1915, H.C. Dollman. ", "Kashitu. 2.15, from umbel flower of tree" . Comparisons. P. africana can be readily distinguished from other African species of Parena by the combination of elytra mainly black with brown apical margin or entirely brown; antennae distinctly bicolor; tarsi same color as tibiae; postgenae without suborbital setae; pronotum with lateral margins strongly sinuate before posterior angles; elytral sutural angles not pointed. There are two very different color forms in this species. The pale form is externally very similar to P. ferruginea, and the dark form is similar to P. plagiata and P. scutata. The differences between P. africana and those three species are provided under each of them, respectively. Description. Body length 7.3–10.4 mm. Dorsum reddish brown, moderately polished; elytra color dimorphic: entirely reddish brown (Fig. 80D) or mainly black with narrow red apical margin, red area occupied apical tenth to eighth of elytra, disc without central red patch (Figs 80C, 80E, 80F). Antennae distinctly bicolor: basal four antennomeres reddish yellow, apical ones nearly black. Scutellum reddish brown; venter reddish brown; legs uniformly reddish brown. Vertex with sparse fine punctures; postgenae without suborbital setae; mentum with a pair of median setae, which are shorter than terminal labial palpomere; antennae extended to pronotal base. Pronotum sub-cordate, PW/PL = 1.32–1.46, subequal width as head, PW/HW = 0.97–1.07; widest at anterior third, lateral margins evenly rounded before middle, strongly sinuate before posterior angles; posterior angles rounded-obtuse, not prominent; lateral explanations slightly wide; disc finely wrinkled and punctate near median line. Elytra slightly dilated to apex; with isodiametric microsculpture, usually very shallow; striae faintly incised on apical half, with rows of fine punctures; intervals faintly convex, with fine punctures; discal depressions shallow, nearly triangular, occupying intervals 3 to 6, less than one-third of elytra length; elytral apices well rounded, sutural angles not pointed. Males with biseriate adhesive setae on apical half of mesotarsomere 1 and almost full length of mesotarsomeres 2–3. Apex of abdominal sternite VII straight, with two setae on each side in both sexes. Median lobe of aedeagus slenderer than the previous species (AL/AW = 4.5–4.8), ventral margin nearly straight at middle; apical lamella slightly thick, LW slightly greater than LL, apex rounded; in lateral view, apical lamella slightly bent upward. Endophallus with very widely flared basal expansion of primary sclerite; flagellum extending almost to base of apical orifice; apical sclerite widely V-shaped, well-defined, basal core distinct, small and strongly scaled; basal sheath coarsely scaled, apical sheath finely scaled, slightly larger than basal sheath; squamate sac divided, dorsal to squamate sheath; proximal sac large and dorsal-ventrally compressed, distal sac much smaller than proximal sac, closer to apex. Gonocoxite II of ovipositor nearly quadrate, length subequal to basal width, apex concave, inner apical angle strongly pointed; with two or three ensiform setae on outer apical angle, three on inner apical angle. Distribution (Map 14, blue). Widely distributed in Sub-Saharan African continent. Known from the following counties: Cameroon, Senegal, Nigeria, the Central Africa Republic, Gabon, Uganda, Tanzania, Zambia. Remarks. P. africana is the most common and widespread Parena species in the African continent.After studying materials with dark and pale elytra from several localities, we found that these two forms with entirely different elytra colors belong to the same species. Aside from their different elytral color, they are identical in pronotal shape, elytral apices, microsculpture, antennal color, and, most importantly, the male genitalia (Fig. 82). We examined a total of 37 specimens, nine of which were of the pale form (marked by an asterisk in the citations of examined materials) and the other 28 of the dark form. The pale form of P. africana might be confused with several other species without a distinct elytra color pattern. Within subgenus Parena, ten species have uniform elytral color, which varies from reddish yellow to dark brown. All members of seven of these have monochromatic elytra, but the other three species are pleomorphic, with only a few individuals having the yellowish-brown unicolorous form. These ten species are classified into several different species groups, but their similar external appearances make their identification troublesome. To facilitate the identification of specimens of these species, we provide a key to species in the subgenus Parena with uniformly yellowish brown elytra., Published as part of Shi, Hongliang & Liang, Hongbin, 2023, Taxonomic revision of the genus Parena Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini, Metallicina), pp. 1-144 in Zootaxa 5286 (1) on pages 137-139, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5286.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7958937, {"references":["Alluaud, C. (1917) Contributions a l'etude des Carabiques d'Afrique et de Madagascar [Col.] XIV- Sur le genre Crossoglossa Chaudoir et descriptions de duex especes nouvelles. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 1917, 85 - 88. https: // doi. org / 10.3406 / bsef. 1917.26042","Basilewsky, P. (1961) Sur les types de Carabidae africains decrits par V. Motschulsky. Bulletin et Annales Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 97, 205 - 224.","Basilewsky, P. (1955) Carabidae (Coleoptera) de l'Angola. Publicacoes Culturais da Companhia de Diamantes de Angola, 27, 93 - 137."]}

[14] Parena (Bothynoptera) obscura Mateu, 1977 Habitus: Figs 32E, 32F. Male genitalia: Fig. 35. Mateu, 1977: 161 (type locality: Bhutan: Wangdi-Phodrang; holotype in NHMB). Type material examined. Parena obscura Mateu: Holotype (NHMB, Fig. 32E): male, body length = 11.0 mm, board mounted, " Wangdi Phodrang / 17 00 m 21 km O ", "Nat.-Hist. Museum / Basel— Bhutan / Expedition 1972", "TYPE" [red label], " Parena / obscura / n.sp. / J. Mateu det. 197 6 ". Non-type material examined. 1 male (NHMB), "W-Nepal / C.J. Rai", "Pothana / 1900 m / 7-9.VI.84", " Parena / obscura / Det. Sciaky '95" . Comparisons. This species is very similar in several aspects to P. tesari, especially to specimens of that species from Yunnan and Vietnam. These two species differ mainly in the characters of male genitalia: in P. obscura, apical lamella very short, LL half as LW, endophallus with flared basal expansion strongly bent and basal sheath reduced (Fig. 35); in P. tesari, apical lamella much longer, LL subequal to LW, endophallus with flared basal expansion straight and basal sheath well-developed (Fig. 33). These two species also differ as follows: P. obscura has longer tempora, with the length of tempora plus neck-constriction about the same as length of the eye, and P. tesari has shorter tempora, with the length of tempora plus neck-constriction about two-thirds of the length of the eye. Description. Body length 11.0– 11.2 mm. Dorsum piceous, tarsi, antennae, and mouthparts distinctly lighter than body. Tempora gradually narrowed behind eyes, length of tempora plus neck-constriction subequal to diameter of eye; vertex with a pair of short additional setae posteromedial to the primary posterior supraorbital seta; mentum with a pair of short setae. Pronotum nearly quadrate, PW/PL = 1.20–1.21, distinctly narrower than head, PW/HW = 0.85; lateral explanations narrow; widest at anterior third, slightly rounded at anterior half, and then clearly sinuate before posterior angles; posterior angles nearly rectangular and slightly pointed outward. Elytra wide, slightly dilated to apex, surface without microsculpture; striae not incised, replaced by fine puncture rows; intervals flat, with fine and sparse punctures; interval 3 with three setigerous pores; apical truncation indistinct, evenly rounded, sutural angles indistinct. Apex of abdominal sternite VII with three setae on each side. Males with uniseriate adhesive setae on apical three-fourths of mesotarsomere 2 and biseriate adhesive setae on nearly full length of mesotarsomere 3. Median lobe of aedeagus slender (AL/AW = 5.0), apical lamella laminar, LL half of LW, apex rounded. Endophallus with relatively small primary sclerite, flared basal expansion strongly bent, apical flagellum very short, ending at basal third of median lobe; apical sclerite elongate and well defined, basal core ovate; basal sheath reduced to fine scales surrounding flagellum, apical sheath composed of two scaled regions; squamate sac not divided, large and square, near middle of median lobe, right to squamate sheath. Female unknown, but inferred to have an ovipositor similar to that of P. tesari. Distribution (Map 7, red). Bhutan, Nepal., Published as part of Shi, Hongliang & Liang, Hongbin, 2023, Taxonomic revision of the genus Parena Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini, Metallicina), pp. 1-144 in Zootaxa 5286 (1) on pages 62-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5286.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7958937, {"references":["Mateu, J. (1977) Ergebnisse der Bhutan-Expedition 1972 des Naturhistorischen Museums in Basel. Entomologica Basiliensia, 2, 159 - 174."]}

[21] Parena (Bothynoptera) emarginata sp. nov. Habitus: Figs 46A, 46B. Gonocoxites of ovipositor: Fig. 11I. Type locality. Sichuan, Muli County, Liziping xiang, N28.110, E101.138, 3059 m. Type material. Holotype (IZAS, Fig. 46A): female, body length = 6.7 mm, board mounted, " China Sichuan Muli county, / Liziping xiang, river bank with / sparse tree / N28.11032 E101.13768 ", "2012,V,6. D 3059 m / Huang Hao leg / Inst. of Zoology, CAS", "HOLOTYPE / Parena (Bothynoptera) / emarginata sp. nov. / des. Shi H.L. 2022" [red label] . Paratype (IZAS): 1 female, " Xizang, Cona county, Lai xiang / 2500 m, Yang Xiaodong leg. / 2013.VI.20 " [in Chinese], "IOZ(E)1700238", "PARATYPE / Parena (Bothynoptera) / emarginata sp. nov. / des. Shi H.L. 2022" [red label] . Diagnostic characters. Dorsum pale yellow, pronotum with a pair of dark stripes, elytra with a pair of short basal stripes and a pair of well separate subapical spots; labrum slightly dilated to apex, apex strongly emarginate; antennae extended only slightly beyond elytral base; elytra intervals with very sparse fine punctures. Comparisons. The new species is different from all other species of the genus Parena by the apex of labrum strongly emarginate (Fig. 46C). Several other species of the P. tripunctata group have the labrum apex very weakly emarginate, but the labrum apex is straight or slightly curved in all other species groups of the genus. The elytral color pattern of the new species is similar to some individuals of P. taiwana with four spots. However, the new species can be easily distinguished from P. taiwana by: labrum apex emarginate; pronotum with a pair of dark stripes; elytral intervals without dense punctures; and antennae shorter, extended beyond the elytra base by the length of only one antennomere. Description. Body length 6.3–6.7 mm; body relatively narrow for the genus; dorsum without microsculpture. Color. Dorsum mostly pale yellow to light brown; head yellowish brown, vertex with indistinct dark brown patch, mouthparts and antennae yellow, apices of mandibles dark. Pronotum disc with a pair of dark stripes aside median line, not extended to anterior or posterior margins. Elytra with four black patches: a pair of short stripes slightly distant from elytra base, about one-fifth as long as elytra, extending from outer half of interval 4 to inner half interval 6; another pair of round spots near apical third of elytra, extending from outer half of interval 3 to inner half of interval 5. Scutellum, epipleura, legs and venter yellow. Head with sporadic fine punctures on vertex and occiput; eyes large and strongly prominent; tempora short, abruptly narrowed behind eyes, length of tempora plus neck-constriction approximately one-third of diameter of eye; postgenae with a pair of suborbital setae, as long as supraorbital setae. Antennae extended beyond elytral base by length of only one antennomere. Labrum slightly dilated to apex, apex strongly emarginate; mandibles short and wide; mentum with a pair of long median setae, lateral lobes short, apex narrow, inner margins strongly oblique, outer margins rounded, epilobes rather wide. Pronotum nearly rectangular, PW/PL = 1.35–1.37, about same width as head, PW/HW = 1.00–1.03, widest at anterior third, lateral explanations slightly wide; lateral margins fully rounded at anterior half and then narrowed to base with distinct sinuation before posterior angles; posterior angles weakly pointed outwards, forming rectangular angles with rounded apex; anterior margin nearly straight at middle; posterior margin oblique at sides; disc convex, with very fine transverse wrinkles. Elytra weakly convex, slightly dilated to apex. Striae very shallowly incised at basal half, almost flat at apical half, with rows of fine punctures on basal five-sixth, punctures absent from apical sixth; intervals weakly convex, with very sparse fine punctures. Disc without depression, lateral sides slightly depressed near anterior third. Elytral basal pore present at base of stria 1; interval 3 with three discal setigerous pores: first one on a level much behind scutellar apex, adjacent to stria 3; second one slightly before middle, adjacent to stria 3; third one on apical eighth, adjacent to stria 2; interval 9 with 23–24 umbilicular pores. Apical truncation indistinct, evenly rounded, sutural angles indistinct. Venter. In females, apex of abdominal sternite VII straight, with two setae on each side. Female genitalia. Gonocoxite II of ovipositor rounded rectangle, basal width much greater than length, apex straight, with five or six very short ensiform setae nearly evenly arranged. Male unknown. Distribution (Map 8, dark green). China (Sichuan, Xizang). Only known from two specimens from well separated localities. Etymology. The scientific name of the new species " emarginata " is derived from Latin referring to its labrum apex strongly emarginate, which is the unique character of this species. Remarks. The holotype was collected in a sparse riparian forest, about six meters high in the canopy, using a long-stick sweep net., Published as part of Shi, Hongliang & Liang, Hongbin, 2023, Taxonomic revision of the genus Parena Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini, Metallicina), pp. 1-144 in Zootaxa 5286 (1) on pages 78-79, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5286.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7958937

[17] Parena (Bothynoptera) shapingensis Xie & Yu, 1993 Habitus: Figs 40A, 40B. Male genitalia: Fig. 41 Xie & Yu, 1993: 192 (type locality: Shaping; holotype in IZAS); Kirschenhofer, 2006: 89. Parena yunnana Kirschenhofer, 1994: 1019 (type locality: Yunnan: Lijiang; holotype in NMW: Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Vienne, Austria); Kirschenhofer, 2006: 89. Syn. nov. Type material examined. Parena shapingensis Xie & Yu : Holotype (IZAS, Fig. 40A): male, body length = 6.5 mm, board mounted, " Shaping / 27.IX.1943 " [in Chinese], " HOLOTYPE " [red label], " Parena shapingensis / Xie et Yu / Xie Weiping det. 1991", "IOZ(E) 211403" [blue label] . Notes on types and synonyms. Parena shapingensis Xie & Yu : The holotype of this species is briefly labeled as "Shaping, 27.IX.1943 " in handwritten Chinese without other explanation of this locality. In the original description, the type locality was explained as Guangdong (Shaping), referring to Shaping town of Heshan city. However, this speculation could be wrong because Guangdong is far from all other known localities of this species. The handwriting of the locality label is identified that of a famous Chinese entomologist, Prof. Sicien Chen. He worked in Academia Sinica in Chongqing from 1939 to 1946. Thus the type locality "Shaping" is very likely to refer to Shapingba (N29°32' E106°27') in Chongqing City. Parena yunnana Kirschenhofer : We did not examine the type of this species, but the specimens from very close to its type locality that we examined are perfectly in accord with the original description and illustration of P. yunnana. So, we confirmed that P. yunnana is identical to P. shapingensis in external and male genital characters. Non-type material examined. 1 female (HBUM), " Sichuan, Lixian, Shangmeng, 2009.VII.24–25, Gao ZH., Niu YP. lgt.". 1 male (IZAS), " Yunnan, Lijiang, Yulongshan, 1979.VIII.12, Zou Huanguang leg." . 1 male (CRS), " China Yunnan, 1800 m, Lijiang 23.6–21.7, 26.53N 100.18E, lgt. S. Becvar 1992". 1 male (IZAS), " Kunming, World Horticultural Expo Garden, 2004.6.27, Ou Xiaohong lgt.". Comparisons. This species is easily distinguished from all other species of subgenus Bothynoptera by the small size and elytra light yellowish brown with an indistinct large pale patch. The male genitalia of this species are very similar to those of P. tripunctata, but differ in the ventral margin of median lobe, which is nearly straight, and the apical lamella not bent dorsally. Description. Body length 6.5–6.7 mm. Head and pronotum yellowish red; elytra gradually graded from yellowish brown basally to pale yellow subapically, apical eighth of elytra yellowish red, forming a vague, large pale patch on the middle of elytra; legs, antennae, and mouthparts yellowish brown; venter yellowish brown. Labrum slightly dilated to apex, apex very weakly emarginate. Pronotum nearly cordate, PW/PL = 1.26–1.36, slightly narrower than head, PW/HW = 0.93–0.97; lateral explanations narrow; widest at anterior third, well rounded at anterior half, and then strongly sinuate before posterior angles; posterior angles nearly rectangular with distinct apex, slightly pointed outward. Elytra slightly dilated to apex, surface without microsculpture; striae shallowly incised, with fine puncture rows; intervals with very sparse punctures. Males with biseriate adhesive setae near apex of mesotarsomere 2 and apical two-thirds of mesotarsomere 3. Median lobe of aedeagus very stout, in dorsal view apex distinctly bent to right; in lateral view ventral margin nearly straight before middle; apical lamella thick and short, LL much smaller than LW, apex rounded-truncate; in lateral view apical lamella not bent dorsally. Endophallus with squamate sac partly divided. Female ovipositor not studied. Distribution (Map 8, magenta). China (Chongqing, Sichuan, Yunnan).

[24] Parena (Parena) bicolor Motschulsky, 1860 Habitus: Figs 50A, 50B, 50C. Male genitalia: Fig. 51. Gonocoxites of ovipositor: Fig. 11K. Motschulsky, 1860: 31 (type locality: Java; syntype in ZMUM: Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia); Chaudoir, 1877: 207; Andrewes, 1928: 16; Xie & Yu, 1993: 190 (misidentification of Parena monticola); Kirschenhofer, 2006: 88. Notes on types. This species was described from an unspecific number of specimens from Java. Andrewes (1928) examined the type and redescribed this species. We did not examine any type material, but Andrewes' ample redescription and our examined specimens from the type locality (Java) permit good recognization of this species. Non-type material examined. Java: 1 male (MNHN), "Java, Radja Mendala, Ledru 1899", "Museum Paris, 1952, Coll. R. OBERthur" . 1 female (NNML), "Native Collectors", "Java; 1000 m, Soekapoera kolot. II-V. '99". Sumatra: 1 female (MNHN), "Sumatra Medan, Env. de Dolok-Baros, 2e semestre 1905", "Museum Pares, Ex col. M. MAINdron, Coll. G. Babault, 1930". 1 female (MNHN), "Juillet", "Medan, Doloc Bans Esta te Sumatra, Collection le Moult ", "Museum Paris, 19, Guy Babault", "Museum Paris, ex coll., R. OBERthur, 1952". 1 female (MNHN), "Paggar Alam, Sumatra, J. Bouchard ", "Museum Paris, ex coll., R. OBERthur, 1952". 1 ex (CMB), "W-Sumatra, Payakumbuh, Harau-Valley, 1000 m, 9.- 29.10.1991, leg. A. Riedel ". 1 male (CRS), " INDONESIA, Sumatra, 20km N of Payakumbuh, Harau valley, h= 700 m, VI.2009 " . 2 females (IZAS), "Indonesia, Mentawai Is. S. Siberut Island, 3-4.2005, 50-100 m ". Sulawesi: 1 male (MNHU), "42358", " Celebes " [yellow label], " spec. ". 1 female (MNHN), "Macassar, VI.96. Doherty.", "Museum Paris, ex coll., R. OBERthur, 1952" . The Philippines: 1 male (CRS), "Filippine, Samar, E. Visayas — Lope de Vega, III.2017 " . 1 male (CRS), "Filippine, Mindanao, Compostela Valley, Davao, I.2014 " . Comparisons. This species is clearly most similar to P. rubripicta. The two are distinguished from all other species in the genus by the combination of the following two characters: (1) elytra metallic; (2) postgenae with a pair of suborbital setae. Some individuals are superficially similar to P. pendleburyi or P. monticola in general appearance but can be readily differentiated by the presence of suborbital setae. Description. Body length 6.3–8.3 mm. Head and pronotum reddish yellow to dark brown; antenna reddish brown, antennomeres 5–11 same as basal four antennomeres or darker; elytra metallic green or bluish green, with copper lustre near apices in some specimens, elytra without red patch, interval 1 completely green, epipleura same color as abdomen; venter of head and prothorax same as dorsum, venter of mesothorax, metathorax and abdomen yellowish red or piceous; legs same color as pronotum, femora with apex darker in some specimens, metatibiae same color as abdomen. Postgenae with a pair of suborbital setae; antennae barely extended to pronotum base; labrum quadrate, apex very weakly protruded at middle; mentum with a pair of short median setae. Pronotum nearly quadrate, PW/PL = 1.26–1.41, nearly same width as head, PW/HW = 0.96–1.09; widest at anterior third, slightly rounded at anterior half, and then clearly sinuate before posterior angles; posterior angles widely obtuse. Elytra slightly dilated to apex, surface usually without or with very faint isodiametric microsculpture, with distinct microsculpture in a few specimens; striae very shallowly incised, with fine puncture rows; intervals weakly convex, very sparsely punctate; disc with shallow and large depressions near basal third of intervals 3 to 6. Males with biseriate adhesive setae on apical half of mesotarsomere 1, and most of length of mesotarsomeres 2 and 3. Apex of abdominal sternite VII weakly emarginate in males. Median lobe of aedeagus slightly slender (AL/AW = 4.7–5.2), gradually narrowed to apex, ventral margin nearly straight; right margin very weakly sinuate before apex in dorsal view; apical lamella wide and short, apex rounded, weakly bent upward in lateral view. Endophallus with primary sclerite linear, without flared basal expansion; apical flagellum ending before middle of median lobe; apical sclerite narrowly V-shaped, strongly chitinized, basal core distinct, elongate, right to the major part of apical sclerite; basal sheath large, well scaled; apical sheath large and coarsely scaled; squamate sac large and well divided, near middle of median lobe, dorsal to squamate sheath; proximal sac strongly chitinized at apex, forming a dentate semicircular piece; distal sac file-like, smaller than proximal sac, much closer to apex than proximal sac. Gonocoxite II of ovipositor nearly quadrate, same length as basal width, apex strongly concave, with three ensiform setae on inner apical angle, and two on outer apical angle. Distribution (Map 9, red). Java, Sumatra, Sulawesi, The Philippines. This species was recorded from China (Anhui) by Xie & Yu (1993). After examining the specimen, we found that their record was based on a misidentified specimen of P. monticola. Geographical variation. This species is known from four regions of the Malay Archipelago. Specimens from different localities are different in the following aspects. (1) Elytra color. Elytra are generally metallic green (Fig. 50A) but slightly different in some specimens. For all examined specimens from the Philippines and a few from Sumatra, the elytra are bluish green (Fig. 50C); for some other specimens from Sumatra, the elytra have bright copperish lustre near the apices (Fig. 50B), giving them an appearance very similar to P. pendleburyi. (2) Color of venter, including mesothorax, metathorax, abdomen, epipleura, and metatibiae. These parts are always in the same color in any one specimen. They are piceous in specimens from Java and Sumatra (Fig. 50B), and red in those from Sulawesi and the Philippines (Fig. 50C). (3) Color of antennae. In most specimens, the antennae are completely reddish brown or apical the seven antennomeres slightly darker (Fig. 50B). However, for the two examined specimens from the Philippines, antennae are distinctly bicolor with the basal four antennomeres reddish brown and apical seven black (Fig. 50C). (4) Elytra microsculpture. The elytra are without or with very faint isodiametric microsculpture in specimens from most localities, but distinctly present in one female from Makassar examined., Published as part of Shi, Hongliang & Liang, Hongbin, 2023, Taxonomic revision of the genus Parena Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini, Metallicina), pp. 1-144 in Zootaxa 5286 (1) on pages 86-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5286.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7958937, {"references":["Motschulsky, V. (1860) Entomologie speciale. Insectes des Indes orientales, et de contrees analogues. 2: de serie. Etudes Entomologiques, 8 [1859], 25 - 118.","Chaudoir, B. M. (1877) Genres nouveaux et especes inedites de la famille des Carabiques. Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 52 (2), 188 - 268.","Andrewes, H. E. (1928) On the types of Oriental Carabidae described by V. de Motschulsky. The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 76, 1 - 24. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1928. tb 01185. x","Xie, W. P. & Yu, P. Y. (1993) On the Chinese species of Parena Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Sinozoologia, 10, 185 - 195.","Kirschenhofer, E. (2006) Neue Arten der Gattung Parena Motschulsky aus Japan, China Und Indonesien (Sulawesi) (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Mitteilungen des Internationalen Entomologischen Vereins E. V. Frankfurt, 31 (3 - 4), 87 - 103."]}

8. Parena tripunctata species group This species group contains eight species distributed mainly in East Asia. They are characterized by: body smallsized, length 6.4–9.1 mm; retinacular ridge of right mandible about one-third length of terebral ridge (Fig. 2E); mentum with a pair of long setae, longer than terminal labial palpomere; elytra with distinct pattern in most species; antennae extended slightly beyond elytra base; tempora short, abruptly narrowed behind eyes, length of tempora plus neck-constriction approximately one-third of diameter of eye; elytral intervals slightly convex, very sparsely punctate; interval 3 with three setigerous pores; elytral apices evenly rounded, sutural angles indistinct; males without adhesive setae on mesotarsomere 1; abdominal sternite VII with two pairs of setae in both sexes; median lobe of aedeagus very stout (AL/AW 3.3–4.0); gonocoxite II of ovipositor nearly rectangular or rounded-rectangular, apex with five to seven ensiform setae, nearly evenly arranged. The endophallus in this group is very similar among different species: primary sclerite with very wide flared basal expansion, its right-basal angle strongly pointed; flagellum short, ending before the middle of median lobe; apical sclerite widely V-shaped, well-defined, basal core distinct, large, ovate, heavily chitinized and scaled; basal sheath reduced to a triangular scaled structure left-ventral to flagellum; apical sheath large and coarsely scaled; squamate sac divided or undivided, near the middle of median lobe, right to squamate sheath. The species of this group are easily differentiated by their elytra pattern (see the key above), but it is difficult to find other differences on the external features besides the color. Their stout male genitalial shaft and endophallus are also similar in all the species. Although the shape of the apical lamella varies slightly individually in some species, differences in the apex and ventral margin of aedeagus can well define each species (except for P. emarginata sp. n. with male unknown). To interpret these differences better, we provide an alternate key for the male genitalia of this group. Key to species of P. tripunctata group by male genitalia 1. In dorsal view, apex of aedeagus very weakly bent to right side................................................. 2 - In dorsal view, apex of aedeagus distinctly bent to right side................................................... 3 2. In lateral view, ventral margin more expanded; apical lamella rounded-truncate, sides nearly paralleled (Fig. 44)........................................................................................ [19] P. malaisei (Andrewes) - In lateral view, ventral margin less expanded; apical lamella rounded-triangular, slightly narrowed to apex (Fig. 42)...................................................................................... [18] P. monostigma (Bates) 3. Apical lamella narrower, in ventral/dorsal view length subequal to its basal width.................................. 4 - Apical lamella wider, in ventral/dorsal view length much less than its basal width.................................. 5 4. Aedeagus relatively stouter; apical lamella rounded-triangular; in lateral view, ventral margin strongly expanded (Fig. 45)................................................................................ [20] P. quadrisignata Mateu - Aedeagus relatively slender; apical lamella digitate; in lateral view, ventral margin slightly expanded (Fig. 48)............................................................................................. [22] P. gonggaica sp. n. 5. In lateral view, ventral margin more or less expanded before middle, apical lamella very weakly bent dorsally (Fig. 39).................................................................................... [16] P. tripunctata (Bates) - In lateral view, ventral margin nearly straight before middle, apical lamella not bent dorsally......................... 6 6. Apical lamella more truncate in ventral/dorsal view, thicker in lateral view (Fig. 41)......... [17] P. shapingensis Xie & Yu - Apical lamella more rounded in ventral/dorsal view, thinner in lateral view (Fig. 49)............... [23] P. triguttata sp. n., Published as part of Shi, Hongliang & Liang, Hongbin, 2023, Taxonomic revision of the genus Parena Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini, Metallicina), pp. 1-144 in Zootaxa 5286 (1) on pages 66-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5286.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7958937

[40] Parena (Parena) madagascariensis (Alluaud, 1917) Habitus: Figs 76A, 76B, 76C. Male genitalia: Figs 77, 78. Gonocoxites of ovipositor: Fig. 11V. Alluaud,1917:87 (Original: Crossoglossa;type locality: Madagascar,Montagne d'Ambre;lectotypein MNHN); Jeannel,1949:972. Parena alluaudi Jeannel, 1949: 973 (type locality: Madagascar, Mahatsinjo; holotype in MNHN). Syn. nov. Type material examined. Crossoglossa madagascariensis Alluaud : Lectotype (MNHN, Fig. 76A), designated herein: male, body length = 11.1 mm, pin mounted, " Madagascar / Diego-Suarez 7 / Ch. Alluaud 1893", "TYPE" [red label], "MUSEUM PARIS / Coll. Ch ALLUAUD" [blue label], " Crossoglossa / madagascarice / Alluaud n.sp. / Alluaud determ "; " LECTOTYPE / Crossoglossa madagas- / cariensis Alluaud, 1917 / det. SHI H.L. 2011" [red label]. Paralectotype: 1 male (MNHN), " madagassa / Diego Suaris ", "♁" [red label], " Madagascar / Diego-Suarez / Ch. Alluaud 1893", "MUSEUM PARIS / Coll. Ch ALLUAUD"[blue label], "ex Typis" [red letter]; " PARALECTOTYPE / Crossoglossa madagas- / cariensis Alluaud, 1917 / det. SHI H.L. 2011" [red label] . Parena alluaudi Jeannel : Holotype (MNHN, Fig. 76B): male, body length = 10.9 mm, board mounted, "MAHATSINJO / pres Tananarive", "MUSEUM PARIS / Coll. Ch ALLUAUD" [blue label], "TYPE" [red label], " Alluaudi / n.sp.", " HOLOTYPE / Parena alluaudi / Jeannel, 1949 / det. SHI H.L. 2011" [red label] . Notes on types and synonyms. Crossoglossa madagascariensis Alluaud : The original description mentioned three specimens from "Montagne d'Ambre", but no holotype was fixed. In the collection of MNHN, we found two males perfectly in accord with the original description. We herein designated the one with Alluaud's handwriting label as the lectotype. Parena alluaudi Jeannel : The original description mentioned one female from "Mahatsinjo". In the collection of MNHN we found one specimen perfectly in accord with the original description, but the holotype is a male. This specimen is very similar to the type of P. madagascariensis, except the color is slightly lighter. After examining the male genitalia of the holotype of P. alluaudi, we found that it is perfectly identical with P. madagascariensis (Figs 77, 78). Thus, we treat Parena alluaudi Jeannel as a junior synonym of Crossoglossa madagascariensis Alluaud herein. Non-type material examined. 1 female (MNHN), "Mars", "Mt. d'Ambre, Madagascar ", "MUSEUM PARIS MADAGASCAR, COLL A SICARD 1930", " Crossoglossa madagascariensis All. ". 1 female (NHMB), " MADAGASCAR C., Moramanga env., 10-18.xii.1997, P. Pacholatko leg." . Comparisons. This species can be readily distinguished from all other species of the subgenus Parena by the shape of elytral apices, which are distinctly truncate, with outer apical angles rounded-angulate and sutural angles forming sharp spines (Fig. 5D). For species of all other species groups in the subgenus Parena, the elytra apical margin is evenly curved with sutural angles not pointed (Fig. 5A). In the other three species of the P. scutata species group, the elytral apical margin is only moderately truncate, with the outer apical angles nearly rounded and sutural angles forming very small denticles (Figs 5B, 5C). P. madagascariensis is also different from the other three species of the same species group in having elytra without a dark pattern, elytra with shallow isodiametric microsculpture, and slightly larger size. P. madagascariensis is quite distinct from all other known species in the subgenus Parena but is externally similar to an Oriental species, P. kurosai, of subgenus Bothynoptera. These two species can be distinguished by differences in the position of the first elytral discal pore. Description. Body length 10.9–11.7 mm. Dorsum reddish brown to dark brown, moderately polished; antennae brown, apical antennomeres slightly darker than basal four ones; pronotal lateral explanations slightly lighter than disc; elytra without pattern; venter and legs reddish brown, tarsi slightly darker than tibiae. Vertex with fine punctures; postgenae without suborbital setae; mentum with a pair of median setae, which are the same length as terminal labial palpomeres. Pronotum sub-quadrate, PW/PL = 1.36–1.41, slightly wider than head, PW/HW = 1.01–1.08; widest at anterior third, lateral margins evenly rounded before middle, gradually sinuate before posterior angles; posterior angles widely rounded; lateral explanations wide; disc smooth, without punctures or transverse wrinkles. Elytra slightly dilated to apex; with shallow isodiametric microsculpture, visible only near base in some specimens; striae distinctly incised, very shallow near base, with fine puncture rows, punctures absent near elytral apices; intervals slightly convex, with sparse fine punctures; discal depression indistinct; apical truncation straight, outer apical angles prominent but apically rounded; sutural angles forming sharp spines. Males with biseriate adhesive setae on apical half of mesotarsomere 1 and full length of mesotarsomeres 2–3. Apex of abdominal sternite VII weakly emarginate in males, with two setae on each side in both sexes. Median lobe of aedeagus rather slender (AL/AW = 5.4–5.6), ventral margin straight near middle; apical lamella thin and narrow, oblong in dorsal view, LL much greater than LW, apex rounded; in lateral view, apical lamella slightly bent upward. Endophallus with very narrow flared basal expansion of primary sclerite; flagellum thick, extending near to the base of apical orifice; apical sclerite narrowly V-shaped, moderately defined, basal core distinct, small and moderately scaled; basal sheath very weakly scaled, apical sheath densely scaled, larger than basal sheath; squamate sac not divided, coniform, well chitinized, near middle of median lobe, ventral to squamate sheath. Gonocoxite II of ovipositor nearly quadrate, length subequal to basal width, apex strongly concave, inner apical angle strongly pointed; with four ensiform setae on outer apical angle, three on inner apical angle. Distribution (Map 13, blue). Only known from the northern half of Madagascar., Published as part of Shi, Hongliang & Liang, Hongbin, 2023, Taxonomic revision of the genus Parena Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini, Metallicina), pp. 1-144 in Zootaxa 5286 (1) on pages 128-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5286.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7958937, {"references":["Alluaud, C. (1917) Contributions a l'etude des Carabiques d'Afrique et de Madagascar [Col.] XIV- Sur le genre Crossoglossa Chaudoir et descriptions de duex especes nouvelles. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 1917, 85 - 88. https: // doi. org / 10.3406 / bsef. 1917.26042","Jeannel, R. (1949) Faune de l'Empire francais. XI. Coleopteres carabiques de la region malgache (troisieme partie). Paris: Librairie Larose, 767 - 1146."]}

1. Parena cavipennis species group Only one species is included in this species group, which is widely distributed in East Asia (Map 2). This species group is characterized by: dorsal surface entirely yellowish brown; elytral striae well incised, intervals slightly convex; elytral sutural angles faintly pointed, outer apical angles rounded; apical lamella as long as wide (LL = LW)., Published as part of Shi, Hongliang & Liang, Hongbin, 2023, Taxonomic revision of the genus Parena Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini, Metallicina), pp. 1-144 in Zootaxa 5286 (1) on page 27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5286.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7958937

[45] Parena (Parena) plagiata Motschulsky, 1864 Habitus: Fig. 80B. Male genitalia: Fig. 81. Motschulsky, 1864: 224 (type locality: Cap de Bonne-Esperance; syntype in ZMUM: Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia); Peringuey, 1896: 242 (Pazena); Basilewsky, 1961: 213. Umgenia formidulosa Peringuey, 1898: 324 (type locality: Natal; syntype in SAMC: South African Museum, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa); Basilewsky, 1961: 213 (synonymized with Parena plagiata). Non-type material examined. 1 female (NHML), "Verulam, Natal 7-97, 8155.", "Verulam, Natal, G.A.K. Marshall. 1917-55", " formidulosa, Per. ". 1 male (NHML), "Durban, Grebelt, 7.3.03", "Et. Mus. Durban", "H.E. Andrewes Coll., B.M. 1945.-97.", " Metallica formidulosa, Per. " . Comparisons. P. plagiata is distinguished among the African species of Parena by its unique elytra pattern: elytra with a very narrow red apical margin, inner intervals somewhat reddish at the middle, forming a vague central patch. This species is most similar to the dark individuals of P. africana in elytra pattern and the shape of elytral apices; but it differs from the latter species in: (1) elytral red apical margin much narrower; (2) elytral discal depressions more elongated; (3) lateral margins of pronotum less sinuate before posterior angles; and (4) median lobe of aedeagus stout, much stouter than in P. africana. Description. Body length 7.3–7.5 mm. Dorsum reddish brown, moderately polished; elytra mainly black, apices with very narrow red margin, less than one-twentieth of elytral length; inner four or five intervals slightly reddish, forming a vague central patch; antennae distinctly bicolor: basal four antennomeres reddish yellow, apical ones nearly black; scutellum reddish brown; venter reddish brown; legs uniformly reddish brown. Vertex with sparse fine punctures; postgenae without suborbital setae; mentum with a pair of median setae which shorter than terminal labial palpomere; antennae extended just beyond pronotal base. Pronotum trapezoidal, PW/PL = 1.39–1.41, subequal width as head, PW/HW = 0.98–1.00; widest at anterior third, lateral margins evenly rounded before middle, slightly sinuate before posterior angles; posterior angles rounded-obtuse, not prominent; lateral explanations slightly wide; disc finely wrinkled and punctate aside median line. Elytra slightly dilated to apex; with distinct isodiametric microsculpture; striae shallowly incised, with fine puncture rows; intervals slightly convex, with fine punctures; discal depressions elongate, occupying intervals 3 to 6, near half of elytra length; apices well rounded, sutural angles not pointed. Males with biseriate adhesive setae on full length of mesotarsomeres 2 and 3. Apex of abdominal sternite VII straight, with two setae on each side in both sexes. Median lobe of aedeagus stout (AL/AW= 4.0), ventral margin slightly inflated near middle; apical lamella slightly thick, LW slightly greater than LL, apex rounded; in lateral view, apical lamella slightly bent upward. Endophallus with very wide flared basal expansion of primary sclerite; flagellum extending beyond middle of median lobe; apical sclerite widely V-shaped, well-defined, basal core distinct, small and strongly scaled; basal sheath coarsely scaled, apical sheath finely scaled, smaller than basal sheath; squamate sac divided, dorsal to squamate sheath; proximal sac large and dorsal-ventrally compressed, distal sac much smaller than proximal sac, closer to apex. Gonocoxite II of ovipositor nearly quadrate, length slightly less than basal width, apex strongly concave, inner apical angle pointed; with two ensiform setae on outer apical angle, two or three on inner apical angle. Distribution (Map 14, red). Known only from the Republic of South African., Published as part of Shi, Hongliang & Liang, Hongbin, 2023, Taxonomic revision of the genus Parena Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini, Metallicina), pp. 1-144 in Zootaxa 5286 (1) on pages 136-137, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5286.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7958937, {"references":["Motschulsky, V. (1864) Enumeration des nouvelles especes de coleopteres rapportes de des voyages. 4 - eme article. Carabicines. Bulletin de la Scoiete Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 37, 171 - 240.","Peringuey, L. (1896) Descriptive catalogue of the Coleoptera of South Africa. Part II. Cicindelidae supplement. Carabidae. The Transactions of the South African Philosophical Society, 7, 99 - 623.","Basilewsky, P. (1961) Sur les types de Carabidae africains decrits par V. Motschulsky. Bulletin et Annales Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 97, 205 - 224.","Peringuey, L. (1898) Descriptive catalogue of the Coleoptera of South Africa. Family Carabidae. First supplement. The Transactions of the South African Philosophical Society, 10, 315 - 374. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 21560382.1897.9525939"]}

[13] Parena (Bothynoptera) tesari (Jedlička, 1951) Habitus: Figs 32A–D. Male genitalia: Figs 33, 34. Gonocoxites of ovipositor: Fig. 11D. Jedlička, 1951: 60 (original: Bothynoptera; type locality: Taiwan: Karenko; holotype in NMPC); Jedlička, 1963: 446 (Bothynoptera); Xie & Yu, 1993: 192 (Zhejiang); Kirschenhofer, 2006: 89. Parena esakii Habu, 1969: 115 (type locality: Taiwan: Taichu-shu; holotype in KUK: Entomological Laboratory of Kyushu University, Japan); Xie & Yu, 1993: 194; Kirschenhofer, 2006: 90 (synonymized with Parena tesari). Parena nantouensis Kirschenhofer, 1996: 769 (type locality: Taiwan: Nantou; holotype in NMW: Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Vienne, Austria). Syn. nov. Parena kataevi Kirschenhofer, 2006: 97 (type locality: Hubei, Muyuping; holotype in CDW). Syn. nov. Type material examined. Bothynoptera tesari Jedlička : Holotype (NMPC, Fig. 32A): female, body length = 10.5 mm, pin mounted, " Formosa / Karenko, -19. / VII 20-VIII 4. / T. Okuni", "TYPUS" [red label]; " Bothynoptera / Tesari sp. n. / det. ING. JEDLIČKA" [pink label]. Parena kataevi Kirschenhofer: Holotype (CDW, Fig. 32B): female, body length = 10.2 mm, board mounted, " China, W Hubei, 20.-21.VI. / MUYUPING S. env. / 31.45N 110.4E, ~ 1300 m / Jaroslav Turna leg. 2003", "Holotypus / Parena / kataevi sp. n. / det. Kirschenhofer 2004" [red label], "COLL.WRASE / BERLIN". Notes on types and synonyms. Bothynoptera tesari Jedlička : This species was originally described from a single specimen from Karenko. The female we examined in the collection of NMPC in accord with the original description is undoubtedly the holotype. Parena esakii Habu : Kirschenhofer (2006) firstly proposed it is a synonym of P. tesari. We agree with this treatment according to the original description and illustrations. Parena nantouensis Kirschenhofer : We did not examine the type of this species. However, from the description and illustrations in the original description (Kirschenhofer, 1996), this species is almost identical to P. tesari except for its size (slightly smaller) and interval 3 with only two setigerous pores. We examined one specimen of P. tesari from Taiwan with two setigerous pores (the middle one missing) on the right elytron. Thus, we believe that the holotype of P. nantouensis is just an aberrant individual but not representing a separate species. Parena kataevi Kirschenhofer : This species was described from Hubei, Shennongjia. We examined specimens from Hubei and many other localities in central China that are in accord with it. Their male genitalia are identical to that of P. tesari from Taiwan. Thus, we treat P. kataevi as a junior synonym of P. tesari. Non-type material examined. China: 2 males (HBUM), " Anhui, Yuexi, Yaoluoping, 2007.VII.30- VIII.4, Ba Yibin, Lang Juntong, Wang Fengyan lgt.". 1 female (HBUM), " Anhui, Yuexi, Yaoluoping nat. resv., 2007.VII.17- 21, Ba Yibin, Lang Juntong, Wang Fengyan lgt.". 1 ex (IZAS), "Tiemushan, 1927.VI.20 ". 1 ex (IZAS), "Tiemushan, 1936.VI.19 ". 1 ex (IZAS), "Tiemushan, 1935.VIII.18 ". 1 ex (IZAS), "T’ienmu Shan, 1936.VII.24, O. Piel coll.". 1 ex (IZAS), "T’ienmu Shan, 1936.VI.16, O. Piel coll.". 1 ex (IZAS), "T’ienmu Shan, 1936.VII.20, O. Piel coll.". 1 ex (IZAS), "Tianmushan, 1947.IX.7 ". 1 ex (IZAS), " Zhejiang, Tianmushan, 1981.IX.5, Zhang Baolin lgt.". 5 ex (IZAS), " Zhejiang, West Tianmushan. Traps. 2018.7.16. Li Chao, 1400 m ". 1 ex (IZAS), " Zhejiang, Tianmushan, 1993.VI, Ma Jufa lgt.". 2 ex (IZAS), "Zehjiang, Tianmushan, 1999.VII". 1 ex (IZAS), " Zhejiang, Tianmushan, 1973.VII.22, Yu Peiyu lgt.". 2 males (IZAS), " Zhejiang, Lin'an W. Tianmushan, 2018.VI, Huang Hao leg." . 1 ex (IZAS), " Jiangxi, Wugongshan, forestry station, on vegetation, N27.44591, E114.18827, 1220 m, 2006. VI.29, Liu Ye, Liang Hongbin, Sota T. Lgt.". 1 ex (IZAS), " Hubei, Xingshan, Longmenhe, light trap, 1200 m, 1993. VI.14, Li Hongxing lgt.". 1 ex (HBUM), " Hubei, Shenongjia, Muyu, 2004.IX.3, Zhang Zhisheng, Chen Huiming lgt.". 1 ex (IZAS), " Hubei, Zhuxi, Quanxi, N32.0686 E109.6614, 856 m, Guo PL. Lgt. 2017.7.13 ". 1 ex (IZAS), " Hubei, Zhuxi, Quanxi, N32.0911 E109.6733, 790 m, Xia ZZ. Lgt. 2017.7.13 ". 4 ex (IZAS), " Hubei, Xuan-en, Shadaogou, Longtan station, 29.6998 109.6511, 631 m, 2016.4.30 D Liang HB., Zhao KD. lgt.". 1 ex (IZAS), " Hunan, Sangzhi, Tianpingshan, 1370-1570 m, 1988.VIII.13, Wang Shuyong lgt.". 1 ex (IZAS), " Hunan, Tianpingshan, 1988.VII.20, Lin Su lgt.". 1 female (HBUM), " Sichuan, Tianquan, Labahe, 2004.VII.29, Yang Xiujuan, Hua Huiran lgt.". 1 female (IZAS), " Sichuan, Emeishan, Xixinsuo, 1300 m, 2012.VIII.10-15, Huang Hao leg.". 1 female (CCCC), " Sichuan, Emeishan, Xixinsuo, 1350 m, 2017.V.24, Yang Xiaodong leg.". 1 male (IZAS), " Guizhou, Zunyi, Kuankuoshui, 2010.VI.3, Wang Zhiliang lgt.". 1 ex (IZAS), " Guizhou, Leishan, Lanhuaping, 1500-2100 m, 2005.IX.16, Liu Ye lgt.". 1 ex (IZAS), " Guizhou, Leishan, Leigongshan, 1170 m, 1988.VII.3, Zhang Xiaochun lgt.". 1 male (HBUM), " Guizhou, Leigongshan, 2005.IX.13-14, Wang Jiliang, Gao Chao lgt.". 1 ex (IZAS), " Guizhou, Daozhen, Dashahe, 1420 m, 2006.V.13-16, Tang Yi lgt.". 1 ex (HBUM), " Guizhou, Daozhen, Sanqiao, Yu Yang lgt., 2004.V.27 ". 1 male (HBUM), " Guizhou, Daozhen, Yangsui, 2004.V.31, Yu Yang lgt.". 1 ex (IZAS), " Guizhou, Jiangkou, Fanjingshan, Huixiangping, 1775 m, 2009.VI.22, Lin Wensin lgt.". 1 female (IZAS), " Yunnan, Jinping, Fenshuiling, 1870 m, 2009.V.27, Bi Wenxuan leg." . 1 male (IZAS), " Yunnan, Jinping, Fenshuiling, 1900 m, 2010.IV.15, Zhu Xiaoyu leg." . 1 ex (CCCC), "Nantou county, Ren'ai, Songgang, 1994.VIII.24, Chen Changchin lgt.". 1 ex (CCCC), " Nantou county, Ren'ai, Nanshanhsi, 1993.VII.1, Chen Changchin lgt.". 2 ex (CCCC), "Nantou, Puli, Guandaoshan, 1993.VI.15, Chen Changchin lgt.". 1 ex (CCCC), " Nantou county, Ren'ai, Songgang, 2000 m, 1995.IV.17, Lo Chinchi lgt.". 5 ex (CCCC), " Nantou county, Ren'ai, Songgang, 1994.VIII.16 " . 1 male (CCCC), "Taiwan, Nantou, Renai, N. Dongyanshan, 1800 m, 2010.IV.22, Chou Wen-I leg.". 1 ex (SYUM), "Formose Musha (Wuse), Teichung Distr., 1000 m, 1947.VIII.24, J. Linsley, Gressitt". 1 ex (CCCC), "Hsinchu county, Wufeng, Talu Forest Road, 1994.V.8 ". 1 ex (CCCC), " Hsinchu county, Wufeng, Talu Forest Road, 1993.VII.17, Chen Changchin lgt.". 1 ex (CCCC), " Hsinchu county, Wufeng, Taping, 1994.VI.12, Chen Changchin lgt.". 1 ex (CCCC), "Taiwan, Hsinchu county, Wufeng, Meikang, 1994.IX.10, Chen Changchin lgt.". 2 ex (CCCC), "Taiwan, Hsinchu county, Jianshi, Ninglao vill., 1997.VI.1, Chen Changchin lgt.". 1 ex (CCCC), "Hsinchu county, Jianshi, 2005.IV.21, Chen Changchin lgt.". 1 ex (CCCC), " Hsinchu county, Skaru, 2005.VIII.29 ". 2 males (CCCC), "Taiwan, Taitung county, Haiduan, 1996.V.18, Chen Changchin lgt." . 1 ex (CCCC), "Taiwan, Taoyuan county, Fuxing county, Siling, 1996.V.20, Chen Changchin lgt.". 1 ex (CCCC), "Taiwan, Hualien county, Ruisui Forest Road, 1996.VII.5, Chou Wen-I lgt.". 1 ex (CCCC), "Taipei county, Sanxia, Shizaitou, 1994.IX.5 ". 1 male (CCCC), "Taiwan, Miaoli county, Sanyi, Guandaoshan, 1995.VII.2 " . 1 female (IZAS), "Taiwan, Hsinpei, Beichatianshan, 1700 m, 2020.VI.12, Huang Jialong lgt." . 3 ex (MTMB), "Taiwan, Ilan county, Mingchyh Forest, Recreation area, 1200 m, at light, 5.IV.2001, leg. Gy. Fabian & O. Merkl". Vietnam: 1 male (CRS), "N. Vietnam Mt. Fan-sipan N-Seite Cha-pa (=Sapa) 1525 m 22.17' N 103.44 'E, prim. Urwald 28.x.- 3.xi.1994 ". 1 ex (MNHN), "Chapa, Tonkin". 1 male (IZAS), "Vietnam, LaoCai Prov., SaPa, Hoang Lien National Park, 2009.VII.5-9, Li Hu leg." Comparisons. P. tesari is different from other species of subgenus Bothynoptera (except for P. obscura) in having the elongate tempora, which are gradually narrowed behind eyes. In other species, the tempora are very short and abruptly narrowed behind the eyes with the length of tempora plus neck-constriction approximately one-third of the diameter of the eye. Description. Body length 8.8–11.0 mm. Dorsum reddish brown to piceous; in dark color specimens, legs, antennae, and mouthparts distinctly lighter than body. Tempora gradually narrowed behind eyes, tempora plus neck-constriction two-thirds as long as eyes; vertex often with a pair of additional short setae postermedial to the posterior supraorbital seta; mentum with a pair of short setae. Pronotum nearly quadrate, PW/PL = 1.20–1.32, much narrower than head in most specimens, PW/HW = 0.85–0.95; lateral explanations narrow; widest at anterior third, slightly rounded at anterior half, and then clearly sinuate before posterior angles in most specimens; posterior angles nearly rectangular, more or less pointed outward. Elytra wide, slightly dilated to apex, surface without microsculpture; striae not incised or shallowly incised, with fine puncture rows in striae; intervals flat or slightly convex, with fine and sparse punctures; interval 3 with three setigerous pores, only two in some specimens; apical truncation indistinct, evenly rounded, sutural angles indistinct. Males with uniseriate adhesive setae on apical half of mesotarsomere 2 and biseriate adhesive setae on nearly full length of mesotarsomere 3. Apex of abdominal sternite VII with three setae on each side in both sexes, four pairs present in a few specimens. Median lobe of aedeagus slender (AL/AW = 4.5–4.8), apical lamella laminar, LL subequal to LW, slightly narrowed to apex, apex rounded. Endophallus with relatively small primary sclerite, flared basal expansion straight, apical flagellum very short, ending at basal third of median lobe; apical sclerite small and well defined, basal core elongate; basal sheath well scaled, apical sheath composed of three heavily scaled regions; squamate sac not divided, large and elongated, near middle of median lobe, right to squamate sheath. Gonocoxite II of ovipositor nearly quadrate, length slightly greater than basal width, apex slightly concave, with three or four ensiform setae on outer angle, and two or three on inner angle. Distribution (Map 7, blue). China (Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Taiwan), Vietnam. Geographical variation. This species ranges throughout southern China. Its external features vary slightly and geographically in the following aspects: (1) Coloration: Dorsum is gradually darker from north to south. In most parts of China, the dorsum is always reddish brown. In southern provinces such as Taiwan and Yunnan, the dorsum is often nearly piceous, but dark brown individuals occur there as well. (2) Elytra striae: For specimens from most localities of China, elytra striae are well incised and intervals slightly convex. However, for specimens from Yunnan and Vietnam (Fig. 32D), the elytra striae are so shallow that striae 7 and 8 are hardly visible in the apical half. (3) Vertex setae: For specimens from mainland China and Vietnam, there is a pair of additional setae on vertex, which are shorter than the primary posterior supraorbital setae and placed posteromedial to them. However, such additional setae are absent from all specimens examined from Taiwan. Based on the above external differences, P. tesari can be divided into three populations: Taiwan, S. Yunnan + N. Vietnam, and other localities of China. We do not think they should be treated as subspecies because their male genitalia are almost identical (Fig. 34)., Published as part of Shi, Hongliang & Liang, Hongbin, 2023, Taxonomic revision of the genus Parena Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini, Metallicina), pp. 1-144 in Zootaxa 5286 (1) on pages 58-62, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5286.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7958937, {"references":["Jedlicka, A. (1951) Stukie O. Carabidech Palaearcticke Fauny. Etudes sur les Carabides de la faune palaearctique. Acta Musei Silesiae, (A) 1, 59 - 60.","Jedlicka, A. (1963) Monographie der Truncatipennen aus Ostasien, Lebiinae- Odacanthinae- Braehyninae (Coleptera, Carabidae). Entomologische Abhandlungen und Berichte aus dem Staatlichen Museum fuer Tierkunde in Dresden, 28, 269 - 579.","Xie, W. P. & Yu, P. Y. (1993) On the Chinese species of Parena Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Sinozoologia, 10, 185 - 195.","Kirschenhofer, E. (2006) Neue Arten der Gattung Parena Motschulsky aus Japan, China Und Indonesien (Sulawesi) (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Mitteilungen des Internationalen Entomologischen Vereins E. V. Frankfurt, 31 (3 - 4), 87 - 103.","Habu, A. (1969) A new species of Parena (Lebiini: Calleidina) from Formosa, with notes on the generic name Calleida (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Kontyu, 37, 115 - 119."]}

[43] Parena (Parena) ruficornis sp. nov. Habitus: Fig. 76F. Gonocoxites of ovipositor: Fig. 11W. Type locality. the Central African Republic, Lobaye province, La Maboke. Type material. Holotype (MNHN, Fig. 76F): female, body length= 9.2 mm, board mounted, "LAMABOKE / 2.v. 19 67 ", "MUSEUM PARIS / CENTRAFRIQUE / P. Teocchi" [blue label], " HOLOTYPE / Parena (Parena) / ruficornis sp. nov. / des. Shi H.L. 2022" [red label]. Paratypes (a total of 3 females): 1 female (MNHN), "Muséum Paris / LA MABOKE / Rep. Centrafric.", " 13.IX.1966 / R. Pujol". 1 female (MNHN)," Boukoko / 23-IV-70 ", " Piege / Lumineur " . 1 female (MNHN)," Boukoko / 25-IV-70 " . Diagnostic characters. Dorsum reddish brown, elytra largely black, suture and apex reddish brown; antennae uniformly reddish brown; tarsi yellow; elytra without microsculpture; elytral apices evidently truncate, outer apical angles well rounded, sutural angles slightly pointed, forming small denticles; gonocoxite II of ovipositor nearly quadrate, apex shallowly emarginate, with very long ensiform setae. Comparisons. This new species is very similar to other two African species, P. plagiata and P. africana, in elytra pattern (elytra largely dark with narrow red apices). However, the new species is quite different from them in: (1) elytra without microsculpture (with shallow isodiametric microsculpture in the other two species); (2) elytral apices distinctly truncate, apical margin straight near suture, and sutural angles slightly denticulate (Fig. 5B) (apical margin evenly rounded, sutural angles not pointed in the latter two species, Fig. 5A); and (3) antennomere 1 with the ventroapical seta only slightly shorter than the dorsoapical seta (Fig. 1D) (the ventroapical seta less than half length of the dorsoapical seta in the other two species, Fig. 1C). These three characters are considered to be important and support placing these three species in different species groups. (see discussions for P. scutata species group). The new species is sympatric with P. africana in the Central African Republic. In addition to the differences mentioned above, these two species are also different in having (1) first elytral interval completely reddish brown in P. ruficornis sp. n., but largely black in P. africana; (2) pronotum with lateral margins hardly sinuate before posterior angles in P. ruficornis sp. n., but more evidently sinuate in P. africana; and (3) in P. ruficornis sp. n., gonocoxite II of ovipositor nearly quadrate with very long ensiform setae (much longer than half of the basal width), but in P. africana, gonocoxite II of ovipositor nearly subulate (strongly pointed near inner angle) with relatively short ensiform setae (less than half of the basal width). Despite the different elytra pattern, P. ruficornis sp. n. is considered to be close to P. scutata and P. valeriae based on similarities in the shape of the elytral apices, elytra microsculpture, and setae on antennomere 1. The new species is different from P. scutata in: (1) P. scutata has seven apical antennomeres nearly black and basal ones reddish brown, but in the new species the antennae are entirely reddish brown; (2) in P. scutata, the elytral disc has a large red central patch which occupies the inner four or five intervals, but in the new species the elytra have no such red patch, instead just a narrow red stripe occupying the full length of interval 1; (3) in P. ruficornis sp. n., the elytral apices are more distinctly truncate and the sutural angles are more strongly pointed. The new species differs from P. valeriae in having slightly shallower elytra striae, smaller elytral sutural denticles, and a quite different elytra pattern. The above differences, especially for the color of antennomeres and shape of the elytral apices, are consistently useful for distinguishing different species in other groups of the genus. Therefore, we are confident that the new species is different from all related species, although the males of P. scutata and P. ruficornis sp. n. are both unknown at present. Description. Body length 9.2–9.7 mm, median-sized for the genus, subconvex. Color. Dorsum reddish brown; elytra disc largely black, the apical eighth, entire length of first interval, lateral margins, and basal area near scutellum reddish brown; scutellum reddish brown; antennae entirely reddish brown; venter reddish brown; all legs uniformly reddish brown. Head with sparse fine punctures on vertex; frons with shallow V-shaped depression; eyes large and strongly prominent; tempora very short, abruptly narrowed behind eyes, length of tempora plus neck-constriction approximately one-third of diameter of eye; postgenae without suborbital setae. Antennae extended beyond pronotal base by length of one antennomere; antennomere 1 with two apical setae close to each other, the ventral one slightly shorter than the dorsal one, longer than antennomere 2. Labrum quadrate, apex weakly convex; mandibles short and wide; mentum with a pair of long median setae, lateral lobes short and wide, inner margins strongly oblique, outer margins completely rounded, epilobes wide. Pronotum nearly quadrate, PW/PL = 1.43–1.47, slightly wider than head, PW/HW = 1.02–1.06, widest at anterior fourth, lateral explanations slightly wide; lateral margins rounded at anterior half and then gradually narrowed to base, slightly sinuate before posterior angles; posterior angles rounded obtuse; anterior margin nearly straight at middle; posterior margin weakly oblique at sides; disc convex, with fine punctures, without transverse wrinkles. Elytra weakly convex, slightly dilated to apex, surface without microsculpture. Striae very shallowly incised, with rows of fine punctures; intervals faintly convex, with very sparse fine punctures. Discal depressions shallow and large, nearly triangular, occupying intervals 3 to 6, greatest length near to one-third of elytra length; lateral weakly depressed near anterior third. Elytral basal pore present on base of stria 1; interval 3 usually with three discal setigerous pores: first one slightly behind level of scutellar apex, adjacent to stria 3; second one slightly before middle, adjacent to stria 3 or isolated; third one on apical eighth, adjacent to stria 2; on left elytron of one paratype, an additional pore present between the second and third pores; interval 9 with 24–26 umbilicular pores. Apical truncation evident, outer apical angles well rounded, apical margin gradually straighten to sutural angles, sutural angles slightly pointed, forming small denticles. Venter. Apex of abdominal sternite VII straight, with two setae on each side in females. Female genitalia. Gonocoxite II of ovipositor nearly quadrate, length subequal to basal width, apex shallowly emarginate, inner apical angle not pointed; apical margin with six to eight long ensiform setae, all longer than half of basal width, two or three of them grouped on inner and outer apical angles respectively, the remainder arranged near middle of apical margin. Distribution (Map 13, magenta). Only known form the Lobaye Province, the Central African Republic. Etymology. The scientific name is derived from two Latin roots: " ruf- " meaning red and " corn -" referring to the antennae. It refers to the uniformly reddish brown antennae, which distinguish the new species from related species., Published as part of Shi, Hongliang & Liang, Hongbin, 2023, Taxonomic revision of the genus Parena Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini, Metallicina), pp. 1-144 in Zootaxa 5286 (1) on pages 132-133, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5286.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7958937

9. Parena bicolor species group This species group contains three species, distributed through nearly all of the Oriental Realm and part of the Australian Realm. The two metallic species are very close to each other and are allopatric in geographical distribution. The third species is widely distributed and highly varied in elytra color pattern. Despite the different appearances, similarity in characters of the endophallic copulatory piece suggest a close relationship of these three species. Members of this species group differ from all other Oriental-Australian species in two aspects: (1) postgenae with a pair of suborbital setae; and (2) primary sclerite of endophallus linear, without a distinctly flared basal expansion (Figs 51, 52, 54). This group is most similar to the P. stigmatica group from Africa, but in the latter the basal expansion of the primary sclerite of endophallus is distinctly flared., Published as part of Shi, Hongliang & Liang, Hongbin, 2023, Taxonomic revision of the genus Parena Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini, Metallicina), pp. 1-144 in Zootaxa 5286 (1) on page 85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5286.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7958937

[4] Parena (Crossoglossa) obenbergeri Jedlička, 1951 Habitus: Fig. 20A. Male genitalia: Fig. 20B. Jedlička, 1952: 210 (type locality: Java; holotype in NMPC). Type material examined. Parena obenbergeri Jedlička: Holotype (NMPC, Fig. 20), male, body length = 9.9 mm, " g. Roesa / Java ", "TYPUS" [red label], " Obenbergeri / sp. n. / det. ING. JEDLIČKA" [pink label]. Non-type material examined. 1 female (NNML), " Nederland Indie / Java 1800'-2400' / Tjiajoenan / Soekanegara / eind kot. 1941 / J.M.A.v. Groenendael". 1 ex (NHML), "Bato-raden / G. Slamat. Java / F.C. Drescher. / 9.VI.1938 "; " Andr. / FCD / 201 "; " Parena / mellea/? Chd. / H.E. Andrewes det."; "H.E. Andrewes Coll. / B.M. 1945-97". Comparisons. P. obenbergeri is very similar to P. laesipennis. It differs from the latter species only in having the elytral apical truncation more distinct and the outer apical angles sharper. However, with the male genitalia of P. obenbergeri having the apical lamella distinctly narrower than in P. laesipennis and the wide distributional gap between them, we treat it as a distinct species. Description. Body length 9.9 mm. Dorsum reddish brown; basal three antennomeres, and basal half of antennomere 4 reddish brown, rest parts of antennae nearly black; venter brown. Pronotum strongly transverse, PW/PL = 1.60, slightly wider than head including eyes, PW/HW = 1.08; lateral explanations very wide. Elytra without microsculpture; striae not incised, replaced by lines of fine punctures; intervals completely flat, very finely and sparsely punctate; disc depressed near middle of intervals 3 to 6, depressions subtriangular; apical truncation distinct, straight, outer apical angles well angulate, forming distinct obtuse angles; sutural angles pointed, forming short spines. Median lobe of aedeagus gradually narrowed to apex, ventral margin almost straight; apical lamella slightly bent to dorsum, length 1.75 folds as its basal width, apex rounded. Endophallus very densely scaled on basal sheath, base of apical sheath ovate in dorsal view; squamate sac indistinctly divided, on basal fifth of median lobe, right to squamate sheath. Female ovipositor not studied. Distribution (Map 3, green). Only known from the western part of Java., Published as part of Shi, Hongliang & Liang, Hongbin, 2023, Taxonomic revision of the genus Parena Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini, Metallicina), pp. 1-144 in Zootaxa 5286 (1) on page 36, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5286.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7958937, {"references":["Jedlicka, A. (1951) Stukie O. Carabidech Palaearcticke Fauny. Etudes sur les Carabides de la faune palaearctique. Acta Musei Silesiae, (A) 1, 59 - 60.","Jedlicka, A. (1952) Les Carabides nouveaux de la zone palaearctique (Col.). Sbornik Entomologickeho Oddeleni Narodniho Musea v Praze, 27 [1951], 207 - 211."]}

[38] Parena (Parena) dorae Basilewsky, 1955 Habitus: Fig. 73B. Basilewsky, 1955: 129 (type locality: Angola, Dundo; holotype in MRAC). Type material examined. Parena dorae Basilewsky: Holotype (MRAC, Fig. 73B): female, body length = 9.1 mm, pin mounted, " HOLOTYPUS " [red label]; " Angola: Dundo / II. 1948 / A. de Barros Machado", " 411.6 ", " Parena / Dorae n.sp. / P. Basilewsky det., 19 54 ". Comparisons. This species differs from all other species of subgenus Parena by the combination of dorsum reddish brown with distinct lustre, elytra without pattern, antennae distinctly bicolor; pronotum with lateral margins strongly sinuate before posterior angles; postgenae with suborbital setae; elytra disc shallowly depressed. Among all African species, this species is most similar to P. stigmatica, but can be distinguished from the latter species by its smaller size, lighter color, elytra with shallower depressions, and antennae bicolored. Description. Body length 9.1 mm. Dorsum reddish brown, strongly polished; basal four antennomeres yellowish brown, apical ones nearly black; pronotal disc dark brown, distinctly darker than the anterior, posterior and lateral regions; elytra largely brown, base of inner intervals darker, but not forming distinct pattern; venter and legs yellowish brown, tarsi slightly darker. Vertex with sparse fine punctures; postgenae with suborbital setae; mentum with a pair of median setae which are slightly shorter than the terminal labial palpomere. Pronotum sub-quadrate, PW/PL = 1.49, slightly wider than head, PW/HW = 1.07; lateral margins indistinctly angulate at anterior third, strongly sinuate before posterior angles; posterior angles nearly rectangular, slightly pointed outwards; lateral explanations wide; disc with very sparse fine punctures and transverse wrinkles. Elytra slightly dilated to apex; with very shallow isodiametric microsculpture, visible only near base; striae shallowly incised, with dense and fine puncture rows, punctures absent near elytral apices; intervals distinctly punctate, similar to punctures in striae, even intervals evidently convex near base; discal depression large and very shallow, nearly round, at anterior third of intervals 3 to 5; apical truncation rounded, outer apical angles completely rounded; sutural angles not pointed. Apex of abdominal sternite VII straight in females, with two setae on each side. Gonocoxite II of ovipositor nearly quadrate, length slightly greater than basal width, apex concave, inner apical angle strongly pointed; with two ensiform setae on outer and inner apical angles respectively. Male unknown. Distribution (Map 12, green). Only known from the type locality Dundo in northeastern Angola., Published as part of Shi, Hongliang & Liang, Hongbin, 2023, Taxonomic revision of the genus Parena Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini, Metallicina), pp. 1-144 in Zootaxa 5286 (1) on page 124, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5286.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7958937, {"references":["Basilewsky, P. (1955) Carabidae (Coleoptera) de l'Angola. Publicacoes Culturais da Companhia de Diamantes de Angola, 27, 93 - 137."]}

[26] Parena (Parena) fasciata (Chaudoir, 1872) Habitus: Fig. 53. Male genitalia: Figs 54, 55. Gonocoxites of ovipositor: Fig. 11M. Chaudoir, 1872: 179 (original: Crossoglossa; type locality: Moluques; holotype in MNHN); Jedlička, 1963: 443 (Palawan, Java, Borneo, Sumbawa); Darlington, 1969: 139 (Papua New Guinea); Kirschenhofer, 2011: 68. Phloeodromius plagiatus Macleay, 1877: 167 (type locality: Yule Island; holotype in MAMU: University of Sydney, Macleay Museum, Sydney, Australia); Sloane, 1907: 373 (Phloeodromius; Australia); Darlington, 1969: 139 (synonymized with Parena fasciata). Secondary homonym of Parena plagiata Motschulsky. Phloeodromus sellatus Heller, 1921: 526 (type locality: the Philippines: Davao; holotype in SNSD); Jedlička, 1946: 10; Jedlička, 1963: 444; Kirschenhofer, 2006: 89; Liang & Liu, 2018: 32 (Zhejiang). Syn. nov. Phloeodromus hastatus Heller, 1921: 528 (type locality: the Philippines: Davao; holotype in SNSD); Jedlička, 1946: 9; Jedlička, 1963: 442. Syn. nov. Parena sloanei Csiki, 1932: 1455 [replacement name for Parena plagiata (Macleay)]; Darlington, 1969: 139 (synonymized with Parena fasciata); Kirschenhofer, 2011: 68. Crossoglossa sellatoides Jedlička, 1940: 14 (type locality: Taiwan: Kuraru; holotype in NMPC); Jedlička, 1946: 10; Jedlička, 1963: 444; Habu, 1965: 86 (synonymized with Parena sellata); Xie & Yu, 1993: 188. Syn. nov. Parena fasciata var. unicolor Louwerens, 1949: 51 (type locality: Java: Bodjo; holotype in NNML). Syn. nov. Parena sumatrana Kirschenhofer, 2011: 67 (type locality: Sumatra: Payakumbuh; holotype in CRK: Collection of R. Kmeco, Litovel, Czech). Syn. nov. Type material examined. Crossoglossa fasciata Chaudoir : Holotype (MNHN, Fig. 53A): female, body length = 8.8 mm, pin mounted, "TYPE" [red label], " fasciata / Chaud. / Moluques / Lorquin " [ex Chaudoir's box label, pinned under specimen now], "COLL. DE CHAUDOIR 1874", "MUSEUM PARIS / 1952 / Coll. R. OBERTHUR", " HOLOTYPE / Crossoglossa fasciata / Chaudoir, 1872 / det. SHI H.L. 2011" [red label]. Phloeodromus sellatus Heller : Holotype (SNSD, Fig.53B): female, body length = 8.3 mm, pin mounted, " Davao /Mindanao /Baker", " sellatus / typus"[red label], "1920 / 3 " [yellow label]; "Staatl.Museum für/Tierkunde, Dresden". Phloeodromus hastatus Heller : Holotype (SNSD, Fig. 53C): female, body length = 7.7 mm, pin mounted, " Davao / Mindanao / Baker", " hastatus! / typus" [red label], " 7243 ", "1920 / 3 " [yellow label]; " 1454 ", "Staatl. Museum für / Tierkunde, Dresden". Crossoglossa sellatoides Jedlička : Holotype (NMPC, Fig. 53D): female, body length = 7.5 mm, pin mounted, " KUARU / FORMOSA / 15.VI.1937 / COL. M. CHUJO", "TYPUS" [red label], " Crossoglossa / sellatoides / sp. n. / DET. ING. JEDLIČKA" [pink label]. Parena fasciata var. unicolor Louwerens : Holotype (NNML, Fig. 53E): male, body length = 8.5 mm, board mounted, "Bodja, 29-10-33 / Midden-Java / v. Doesburg.", "Museum Leiden / ex. collection/ C.J. Louwerens / rec. 1979", " Parena / fasciata Chd. / var. / E.B. Britton det. / 194 7 ", " Typus / Parena fasciata / Chd / var unicolor / det. Louw. / C.J. Louwerens", "type" [red label]. Notes on types and synonyms. Phloeodromus hastatus Heller: The original description did not indicate how many types there are, but a serial number "7243" implied a single holotype, which is in accord with our examined specimen. For other names treated here, all holotypes were original clearly fixed by monotypy. All examined type materials of the above synonyms are very similar to each other except for the different patterns on their elytra. We studied specimens with different elytra pattern forms from various localities. Their identical male genitalia (Figs 54, 55) suggest that they all belong to the same species. So, we herein treat Phloeodromus sellatus Heller, Phloeodromus hastatus Heller, Crossoglossa sellatoides Jedlička, Parena fasciata var. unicolor Louwerens, and Parena sumatrana Kirschenhofer all as junior synonyms of Crossoglossa fasciata Chaudoir. Non-type material examined. Australia: 1 male [f] (NHML), "Townsville, Qld., 24.2.02, F.P. Dodd. " . 1 female [f] (ANIC), "12.40S 142.40E QLD, Batavia Downs Hs., 11 Dec. 1992 at light, W. Dressler, P. Zborowski ". Papua New Guinea: 1 female [f] (MNHN), "Kiriwini Trobriand Is. iii.iv.v. 95. (A.S. Meek)", "MUSEUM PARIS 1952, Coll. R. OBERTHUR". 1 female [f] (NHML), " Papoa. N. Guinea, Bololo Distr., 12.xii.82. Baxch, BM 1983: 494". 1 male [m] "Yanarba, Fgum Is. Meek. ii.95." . Sulawesi: 8 ex [f] (NHML), " C.J. Louwerens, W-Celebes 2700', G. Tompoe-Paloe, VIII.1937 ". Timor: 1 female [u] (ZSM), " Timor, 1911.24.IV, coll. Haniel, central Semao ". Java: 71 ex [29s, 27u, 10f, 4m, 1h] (MNHN), "Centr. Java, Nglirip., Mme E. Walsh. ", "Museum Paris, 1952, Coll. R. OBERthur" . 1 ex [u] (NHML), "O.-Java; Tengger, Nongkodjadjar, 1300 m, Wegener", "Gesch.12.1935, von Overbeck", " F. Van Emden Bequest. B.M. 1960-129.". Sumatra: 1 male [s] (CRS), "Sumatra, M. Bukittingi, III.1993 ". The Philippines: 1 ex [s] (SNSD), " Mt. Bhnahao Luzon ", "1924 6", "Pa 1454", "Staatl. Museum für Tierkunde, Dresden". 1 female [t] (CRS), " Philippines S Luzon, M. Haicon, Mindoro VII.2011 " . 1 male [r] (CRS), " Philippines - E. Luzon, Isabela, Dindin, VIII.2014 " . 1 male [h] (CRS), " Philippines, N Luzon, Ifugao IV.2013 " . 1 male [s] (IZAS), " Philippines: Luzon, Rizal prov., Tanay, Sierra Madre. Feb 2016. local collector" . 3 ex [2s, 1f] (IZAS), "Philippines: Luzon, Quirino prov., Maddela, Disimongal, Sierra Madre. Jan 2016, local collector". Vietnam: 1 male [r] (MNHN), "Hoa-Binh, Tonkin, A. de Cooman" . 1 male [s] (IZAS), " Tonkin, Hoa-Binh, 1940.VIII, leg. A. de Cooman ". Thailand: 1 ex [s] (NHMB), " Thailand, S. Satun pr. Thale Ban, 8-13. iv.1997, 6°45'N 100°09'E, 200 m, Jiri Kolibac leg.". China: 1 female [s] (SYUM), "Hainan, Jianfengling, Tianchi, 1981.VII.3, Chen Zhenyue lgt.". 2 females [s] (IZAS), "Taiwan, forestry test station". 1 male, 2 females [s] (CCCC), " Taiwan, Pingtung, Fengkang, 2008.VI.11 ". 2 males, 7 females [s] (CCCC), " Taiwan, Taitung county, Shouka, 2009.IV.23-25 N" . 1 female [s] (CCCC), " Taiwan, Pingtung county, Lilongshan, 2008.VII.21, Chou Wen-I lgt.". 2 females [s] (CCCC), " Taiwan, Pingtung county, Kenting park, 1996.IX.11, Chou Wen-I lgt.". Comparisons. This species can be distinguished from all other Oriental-Australian species in subgenus Parena by the combination of the following two characters: (1) elytra yellow, with or without black patch; (2) postgenae with a pair of suborbital setae. The "unicolor" form of P. fasciata (Figs 53E, 53F) is similar to some other uniformly brown species, especially those African species of the P. stigmatica group, which also have the suborbital setae. P. fasciata is different from these African species in having the antennae completely yellow, versus apical seven antennomeres black. We provide a key for all uniformly yellowish brown species belonging to the subgenus Parena at the end of this paper. In P. fasciata, the rhombic form (Fig. 53H) is somewhat similar to P. monostigma, but differs in having elytra patch wider, extended laterally at least to interval 5, and the different position of first elytral discal pore. The melanic form (Fig. 53G) is similar to the dark form of P. africana, but differs in having suborbital setae and the elytra disc without depression. Description. Body length 6.7–8.9 mm. Dorsum reddish yellow to yellowish brown, elytra with varied black patch, a single large patch behind middle in most specimens, without a black patch in some specimens; antennae, legs, and venter yellow. Postgenae with a pair of suborbital setae; antennae extended to elytral base; labrum quadrate, apex straight or very weakly concave; mentum with a pair of short median setae. Pronotum nearly cordate, PW/PL = 1.34–1.47, wider than head, PW/HW = 1.08–1.15; widest at anterior third, slightly rounded at anterior half, more or less sinuate before posterior angles; posterior angles widely obtuse. Elytra slightly dilated to apex, surface without or with very faint isodiametric microsculpture; striae very shallowly incised, with fine puncture rows; intervals very sparsely punctate; disc without depression at basal third. Males with biseriate adhesive setae on apical two-thirds of mesotarsomere 1 and almost full length of mesotarsomeres 2 and 3. Apex of abdominal sternite VII clearly emarginate in males (Fig. 8I). Median lobe of aedeagus slender (AL/AW = 4.8–5.7), ventral margin gradually curved; apical third more or less bent to right side; apical lamella nearly ovate, LL subequal to LW, apex rounded, weakly bent upward in lateral view. Endophallus with primary sclerite small and linear, about one-seventh length of median lobe, with indistinct flared basal expansion; apical flagellum very short, ending near basal third of median lobe; apical sclerite widely V-shaped, well chitinized, basal core indistinct; basal sheath very small, dorsally surrounding apical half of primary sclerite; apical sheath simple, finely scaled; squamate sac not or partly divided, in similar size as basal sheath, right to squamate sheath. Gonocoxite II of ovipositor nearly quadrate, slightly wider than length, apex slightly concave, slightly projected near inner apical angle, with three ensiform setae on inner apical angle, two or three on outer apical angle. Distribution (Map 9, blue). Australia, Papua New Guinea, Sulawesi, Maluku, Timor, Java, Sumatra, the Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand, China (Taiwan, Hainan, Zhejiang). Variation. P. fasciata is widely distributed through Southeast Asia and the north part of Australasia. Its elytra color is highly varied, as might be expected with such a distribution. Generally, the following seven color forms can be recognized, but with intermediate specimens also seen. In the citations of examined materials above, we recorded the color form of each specimen by abbreviation in brackets. (1) The "fasciata" form [f] (Fig. 53A): elytra with a transverse black patch. Type of P. fasciata belongs to this form. Most specimens from regions eastern to the Wallace’s line are of the typical "fasciata" form, which has a very large black patch near elytral mid-length. A few specimens from Java and the Philippines also have the "fasciata" form, but the patch is usually shorter than in typical specimens. (2) The "sellata" form [s] (Figs 53B, 53D): elytra with a triangular black patch. Types of P. sellata, P. sellatoides and P. sumatrana all have this form. It is the most common form in regions west of Wallace’s line, but not found in regions east of that line. (3) The "unicolor" form [u] (Figs 53E, 53F): elytra unicolorous, without a black patch. Type of P. unicolor belongs to this form. The "unicolor" form occurs in Java and Timor, and is relatively common in Javan populations. (4) The rhombic form [r] (Fig. 53H): elytra with a narrow rhombic black patch. This form occurs in Vietnam, the Philippines and Java at a low frequency. (5) The "hastata" form [h] (Fig. 53C): elytra black patch with anterior margin notched. Type of P. hastata has this form. The "hastata" form occurs in Java and the Philippines at a low frequency. (6) The melanic form [m] (Fig. 53G): elytral black patch very large, with only a narrow apical region brown. This form was found in only one specimen from Papua New Guinea and is very similar to another species, P. africana. (7) The trident form [t] (Fig. 53I): elytra with trident black patch. This form was found in only one specimen from the Philippines., Published as part of Shi, Hongliang & Liang, Hongbin, 2023, Taxonomic revision of the genus Parena Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini, Metallicina), pp. 1-144 in Zootaxa 5286 (1) on pages 90-94, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5286.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7958937, {"references":["Chaudoir, B. M. (1872) Monographie des Callidides. Annales de Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 16, 97 - 204.","Jedlicka, A. (1963) Monographie der Truncatipennen aus Ostasien, Lebiinae- Odacanthinae- Braehyninae (Coleptera, Carabidae). Entomologische Abhandlungen und Berichte aus dem Staatlichen Museum fuer Tierkunde in Dresden, 28, 269 - 579.","Kirschenhofer, E. (2011) Beschreibungen neuer truncatipenner Carabiden aus Ost- und Sudostasien; eine neue Art der Gattung Craspedophorus Hope, 1838 (Panageaeini) aus Sudostasien; Bemerkungen zu zwei japanischen Arten der Gattung Parena Motschulsky, 1859. Acta Coleopterologica, 27 (1), 61 - 75.","Sloane, T. G. (1907) Studies in Australian Entomology. No. XV. New genera and species of Carabidae, with some notes on synonymy (Clivinini, Scaritini, Cunipectini, Trigonotomini, Lebiini). The Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 32, 346 - 381. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 19572","Heller, K. M. (1921) New Philippine Coleoptera. The Philippine Journal of Science, 19, 523 - 627. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 1235","Jedlicka, A. (1946) Description des Carabides nouveaux de 1 ' Asie orient. Praha: A. Jedlicka, 16 pp.","Kirschenhofer, E. (2006) Neue Arten der Gattung Parena Motschulsky aus Japan, China Und Indonesien (Sulawesi) (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Mitteilungen des Internationalen Entomologischen Vereins E. V. Frankfurt, 31 (3 - 4), 87 - 103.","Liang, H. B. & Liu, Y. Z. (2018) Carabidae. In: Wu, H., et al. (eds.), Fauna of Tianmu Mountain, Volume VI: Insecta, Coleoptera- Adephaga, Coleoptera-Polyphaga. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University Press, 266 pp. [pp. 4 - 39.]","Csiki, E. (1932) Carabidae: Harpalinae VII (Pars 124). In: Junk, W. & Schenkling, S. (eds.), Coleopterorum catalogus. Volumen III. Carabidae III. Berlin: W. Junk, 1933 pp. [pp. 1279 - 1598.]","Jedlicka, A. (1940) Neue Carabiden aus Ostasien. (Hauptsachlich Von der Insel formosa) (XIII. Teil). Praha: A. Jedlicka, 18 pp.","Habu, A. (1965) Some Carabid-beetles from Formosa. Special Bulletin of the Lepidopteralogical Society of Japan, 1, 83 - 88.","Xie, W. P. & Yu, P. Y. (1993) On the Chinese species of Parena Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Sinozoologia, 10, 185 - 195.","Louwerens, C. J. (1949) Some notes on the Carabidae, collected by Mr. P. H. van Doesburg in the Malay Archipelago with descriptions of new species. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 90, 45 - 53."]}

[27] Parena (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir, 1852) Habitus: Fig. 56. Male genitalia: Figs 57, 58. Gonocoxites of ovipositor: Fig. 11N. Chaudoir, 1852: 44 (original: Plochionus; type locality: N. India; lectotype in MNHN); Chaudoir, 1872: 180 (Crossoglossa); Bates, 1891: 339 (Crossoglossa); Andrewes, 1921: 179 (Phloeodromius); Jedlička, 1946: 9 (China, Japan, Burma, Tonkin); Jedlička, 1963: 441 (Annam, Ceylon); Xie & Yu, 1993: 189; Kirschenhofer, 1994: 1047 (Nepal); Kirschenhofer, 2006: 89; Park et al., 2006: 102. Parena nigrolineata nipponensis Habu, 1964b: 33 (type locality: Tokyo, Fuchu, holotype in NIAES: National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, Japan); Habu, 1967: 153; Habu, 1982: 111; Park & Kwon, 1998: 36 (South Korea). Syn. nov. Parena schillhammeri Kirschenhofer, 2006: 99 (type locality: Sulawesi, Kab. Donggalia, holotype in CDW). Syn. nov. Misidentification: Crossoglossa latecincta Bates, 1873: 315 (part); Andrewes, 1921: 179 (as synonym of Plochionus nigrolineata); Jedlička, 1963: 441 (as synonym of Parena nigrolineata); Kirschenhofer, 2006: 89 (as synonym of Parena nigrolineata nipponensis). Type material examined. Plochionus nigrolineata Chaudoir : Lectotype (MNHN, Fig. 56A), designated herein: male, body length = 8.4 mm, pin mounted, labia and left maxilla removed and solely pinned, " Type / Cpt Boys. ", " Dinapvor ", "TYPE" [red label], " nigrolineatus / Chaud / Ind. Or. Bor / Cpt. Boys. " [ex Chaudoir's box label, pinned under specimen now], "MUSEUM PARIS / 1952 / Coll. R. OBERTHUR", " LECTOTYPE / Plochionus nigrolineata / Chaudoir, 1852 / des. SHI HL. 2011" [red label]. Parena schillhammeri Kirschenhofer : Holotype (CDW, Fig. 56B): male, body length = 8.7 mm, board mounted, " INDONESIA (C. Sulawesi) / Kab. Donggala, village Toro / UTM51 S (WGS-84) / X 9834460, Y 169699, Alt 860 / From: T. Cacao under leguminose / shade (canopy fogging) / 25-XII-2003 M.M. Bos leg. / 01C251203F", " Holotypus / Parena / schillhammeri sp. n. / det. Kirschenhofer" [red label]; "COLL. WRASE / BERLIN" . Crossoglossa latecincta Bates (original misidentified): Paralecotype (MNHN, Fig. 56C): 1 male, " Yokohama ", " Crossoglossa / latecincta / Bates ", "Ex Musaeo / H.W. Bates / 1892", "MUSEUM PARIS / 1952 / Coll. R. OBERTHUR". Notes on types and synonyms. Plochionus nigrolineata Chaudoir : This species was described from an unspecified number of specimens from "nord de l'Hindostan" presented by Captain Boys. We examined three specimens in Chaudoir's collection in MNHN. Only one of them is in accord with the original description. We designate this male as lectotype herein. The other two specimens, not belonging to the type series, could be subsequently added to Chaudoir's collection. One of them, a female labeled as " lateralis m., in India Orient " is the type of a nomen nudum, Plochionus lateralis Dejean, 1836: 11. Parena nigrolineata nipponensis Habu : This subspecies was erected based on having its elytra stripes much wider than the nominotypical subspecies from India. We studied specimens from different localities and confirmed that all specimens from Japan have wider elytra stripes than those from India. However, their male genitalia are almost identical, and the width of stripes is quite varied in some other localities (e.g. China). Thus, the width of elytra stripes cannot be used to define subspecies within P. nigrolineata. So we herein treat Parena nigrolineata nipponensis Habu as a junior synonym of Plochionus nigrolineata Chaudoir. Parena schillhammeri Kirschenhofer : This species was described from Sulawesi and differs from P. nigrolineata only in having the elytra lateral stripes very wide, extended medially to stria 3 at the middle of elytra. All specimens from Sulawesi examined have this form of elytra pattern. We studied the holotype and found that its male genitalia are identical to those of P. nigrolineata except for having the right margin of the median lobe slightly sinuate before the apex. Considering that P. nigrolineata is a widely distributed and varied species, we treat Parena schillhammeri Kirschenhofer as a junior synonym of Plochionus nigrolineata Chaudoir herein. Crossoglossa latecincta Bates : The syntypes of Bates's species belong to two species. Based on the examination of some of syntypes, Crossoglossa latecincta Bates was erroneously synonymized with Plochionus nigrolineata Chaudoir by authors (Andrewes, 1921; Jedlička, 1963). Detailed discussions on these two species are provided under P. latecincta. Non-type material examined. India: 1 female (MNHN), " lateralis m., in India Orient " [yellow label], " D. Relche " [yellow label], "MUSEUM PARIS 1952, Coll. R. OBERTHUR". 1 female (MNHN), "Boccon", "MUSEUM PARIS 1952, Coll. R. OBERTHUR". 1 female (MNHN), "Andamans", "Janson Acq. 1884.", "MUSEUM PARIS 1952, Coll. R. OBERTHUR". 7 ex (MNHN), "Bombay Matheran", "M. MAINdron Nov. 1896 ", "MUSEUM PARIS 1952, Coll. R. OBERTHUR" . Nepal: 1 ex (NHMB), "Baiseghatyaxana 450 m, 16.vi.1985 ", "E. Nepal Koshi M. Brancucci". Thailand: 1 ex (NHMB), "Thai, Mae. Hong Son prov., 19°27' N 98°20' E, 1500 m, Soppong, 7.-12.v., Vit Kuban leg. 1996". Vietnam: 1 ex (MNHN), " Hanoi, Tonkin 4.05, U Laboissiere --", "MUSEUM PARIS, Coll. Ch. ALLUAUD", " Phloeodromius nigrolineatus Chaud. H.E. Andrewes det.". 1 ex (NHML), "Tonkin, Hanoi, 13-XII.1914, R. Vitalis de Saivaza". Philippines: 1 female (MNHU), "Philippinen, n Luzon", " sellata Heller ". 3 ex (CRS), "Philippines –E. Luzon, Nagtipunan, Quirino IV.2014 ". 2 males (CRS), "Filippines—E Luzon, Sierra Madre, Aurora Dingalan III.2018 ". 1 male (CRS), "Philippine E Luzon, Sierra Madre, Quirino IX.2012 " . 1 male (CRS), "Philippines N Luzon, Ifugao V.2013 ". Java: 1 male (NNML), "Batoerraden G. Slamet. Java F.C. Drescher. 800 m, XII.1936 ", "Museum Leiden ex. collection C.J. Louwerens rec. 1979", " Parena nigrolineata Chaud 1952 det. F.C.D.’35 (Andr.)". 1 ex (NHML), "Batoerraden, G. Slamat. Java, F.C. Drescher., X.1936 ". 1 male (MNHN), "W. Java Bale Kampang, 1937", "MUSEUM PARIS 1952, Coll. R. OBERTHUR" . Sulawesi: 1 female (NNML), "F.C. Drescher, Zuid Celebes, Nanggala, 900 Mr. Rantepao IV 1938 ", "Museum Leiden, ex. collection C.J. Louwerens rec. 1979", " Parena nigrolineata Chaud 1952 det. F.C.D.’35 (Andr.)". Japan: 1 male (MNHN), "Ex Musaeo Chaudoir", " TYPE " [red label], " latecincta Bates, Japon, Lewis " [ex Chaudoir’s box label, pinned under specimen now], "MUSEUM PARIS 1952, Coll. R. OBERTHUR" [not type of latecincta !]. 1 ex (NHML), " Type " [round label with red circle], "Japan., G. Lewis., 1910-320", " Crossoglossa, latecincta, Bates " [not type of latecincta !]. 1 ex (NHML), "Japan., G. Lewis., 1910-320", "Ex. Coll., Brit. Mus", "Co-type" [round label with green circle], " Crossoglossa, latecincta, Bates " [not type of latecincta !]. 1 ex (NHML), "Japan., G. Lewis., 1910-320", "Ex. Coll., Brit. Mus", "Co-type" [round label with green circle], "H.E. Andrewes Coll., B.M. 1945-97" [not type of latecincta !]. 1 ex (NHML), "Ishitake, Hiuga., Kiushiu. VII.1898, Mus.em. 29.XII.1898 ". China: 1 ex (IZAS), " Jiangsu, Shanghai, 1944.V". 1 male (IZAS), "Zi-ka-wei, 1920.V.22 ". 1 male (IZAS), "ZO-SE, 1939.IV". 1 male (IZAS), "ZO-SE, 1930.VIII.7 " . 1 male (IZAS), "YU-TOAN". 1 female (IZAS), "Tchenkiang, 1918.X.23 ". 1 male (IZAS), " Anhui, Anqing city, Tongcheng, Fangang town, Huwan, N31.0123, E116.8536, 69 m, 2021.V.24 D, along road, Zhu Pingzhou lgt.". 1 ex (MNHN), "Kiu-Kiang", "Ex Musaeo H.W. Bates, 1892", "MUSEUM PARIS 1952, Coll. R. OBERTHUR". 1 male (IZAS), "Fuzhou, Kuiqi, 1955.XII". 1 female (IZAS), " Fujian, Duntou, 1980.VII.5 ". 1 male (CCCC), " Fujian, Jinmen, 1995.VI.16, Chen Changchin lgt.". 1 ex (IZAS), " Fujian, Huboliao, Hexiletu, 2008.11.21, Yang Ganyan lgt.". 2 ex (IZAS), " Fujian, Wuping coungty, Liangyeshan, Xinhua vill., on dry brach, 2008.11.14, Yang Ganyan lgt.". 1 ex (IZAS), " Hunan, Huitong, Tuanhe, 1.5km W Luchong vill., light, 26.93759 109.93903, 295 m, 2015.6.22 N, Liang HB lgt. ". 1 male (IZAS), " Guangdong, Dinghushan, 1980.VIII.20-24, Wu Xingfang, Xia Shiyang lgt.". 1 ex (IZAS), " Hainan, Limushan, Sanquling, beating on vegetation, 2007.12.1, Yang Ganyan lgt.", 1 ex (IZAS), " Hainan, Wuzhishan, Shuiman, 2009.11.28, Liang Hongbin lgt.". 1 female (IZAS), " Sichuan, Changshou, 1958.VIII.31 ", 1 male (IZAS), " Sichuan, btw. DetuoMoxi, on flower of Castanea, 2009.5.20, Yang Ganyan, Wang Zhiliang lgt.". 1 female (IZAS), " Guizhou, Chishui, Jinsha valley, 500 m, 2000.IX.22, Liang Hongbin lgt." . 1 female (IZAS), "Ruili, Nongdao, way between Dengga-Sepeng bridge, N23.95285, E97.59808 - N23.97518, E97.56944, 927- 807 m, 2009.VIII.11, on vegetation, Shi Hongliang lgt.". 2 females (IZAS), " Yunnan, Nabanhe nat. res., Menghai, Guomenshan, 2012.V.21, 1120 m, 22.24497N, 100.60635E, Ma Zhiming lgt." . 1 ex (NHML), "Hong Kong., Walker Coll., 93-58". 3 ex (MTMB), "Taiwan, Taipei county, Guanyinshan, 500 m, 14-21.IV.2002, swept, leg. Gy. Fabian & O. Merkl". 1 male, 2 females (CCCC), "Taipei, Beitou, 1994.X.12, Chen Changchin lgt.". 1 female (CCCC), "Taipei, Sanhsia town, Beichatianshan, 1993.VI.22, Chen Changchin lgt.". 1 female (CCCC), "Taoyuan county, Tahsi town, Sanmin, 1994.IV.29, Chen Changchin lgt.". 1 ex (CCCC), "Hsinchu county, Jianshi, Ninglao, 1997.VII.27 ". 1 male (CCCC), " Hsinchu county, Wufeng, Talu Forest Road, 1994.VII.9, Chen Changchin lgt." . 1 female (CCCC), "Taiwan, Ilan county, Wushibi, 1994.VI.3, Li Chunlin lgt.". 1 ex (IZAS), "Taiwan, Orchid Island, 2008.4.5, Chen Fuqiang lgt.". 1 female (CCCC), " Taiwan, Taitung, Green Island, 2009.IV.21 N, Lin Chinfeng lgt." . 1 male (CCCC), "Taiwan, Taitung, Green Island, 2014.IV.15, Kuo Pohsin lgt.". Comparisons. This species can be distinguished from all other Oriental-Australian species in subgenus Parena by a combination of the following three characters: (1) elytra with black lateral stripes in most specimens, without metallic lustre; (2) all legs reddish brown; (3) median lobe of aedeagus slender (AL/AW = 5.3–6.0), apex slightly bent upwards. We examined one male of P. nigrolineata from China (Shanghai) without elytra stripes (Fig. 56D), which is very similar to P. picea from Australia. It can be distinguished from the latter species by dorsal color lighter, apical lamella of aedeagus narrower, and a different distribution. We examined one female of P. nigrolineata from China (Guizhou) with elytra stripes ended much before the elytral apices (Fig. 56E), which is very similar to P. amamiooshimensis from the Ryukyu Islands. It can be distinguished from the latter species by elytral background color lighter and a different distribution. Description. Body length 7.3–9.9 mm. Dorsum yellowish brown to reddish brown, elytra with black lateral stripes on most specimens, without metallic hue, middle area reddish brown, lateral stripe width varied, middle brown area three to seven intervals in width, apex of lateral stripe extended to apical sutural angles in most specimens; antennae brown, apical antennomeres same as or darker than basal ones; mouthparts, legs and venter completely brown. Postgenae without suborbital setae; antennae barely extended to pronotal base; labrum quadrate, apex nearly straight; mentum with a pair of minute median setae, barely visible in some specimens. Pronotum rounded-hexagon, PW/PL = 1.31–1.46, slightly wider than head, PW/HW = 1.03–1.10; widest at anterior third, strongly narrowed to base, more or less sinuate before posterior angles; posterior angles widely obtuse. Elytra slightly dilated to apex, surface with faint isodiametric microsculpture; striae well incised, with fine puncture rows; intervals sparsely punctate; disc with large and shallow depressions near basal third of intervals 3 to 6. Males with biseriate adhesive setae on apical half of mesotarsomere 1, and almost full length of mesotarsomeres 2–3. Apex of abdominal sternite VII weakly emarginate in males. Median lobe of aedeagus slender (AL/AW = 5.3–6.0), right margin more or less sinuate before apical lamella; apical lamella rounded-triangular to long-ovate, LL usually slightly greater than LW, apex weakly bent upward in lateral view. Endophallus with distinct flared basal expansion of primary sclerite; flagellum extending near middle of median lobe; apical sclerite narrowly V-shaped, well-defined, basal core distinct, elongate, heavily chitinized and scaled; squamate sheath finely scaled, with basal and apical sheath similar in size; squamate sac well divided, near middle of median lobe, dorsal to squamate sheath; proximal and distal sacs dorsal-ventrally compressed, distal sac smaller and slightly closer to apex than proximal one. Gonocoxite II of ovipositor nearly quadrate, slightly wider than length, apex strongly concave, pointed near inner apical angle, with three ensiform setae on inner apical angle, two on outer apical angle. Distribution (Map 10, blue). India, Sir Lanka, Nepal, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Japan, South Korea, China (Anhui, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Taiwan, Hong Kong), the Philippines, Java, Sulawesi. Geographical Variation. The elytra black stripes of this species vary geographically. In most specimens from East Asia, the lateral black stripes are extended medially to interval 5 or 6 in the middle (Fig. 56F). In specimens from Sulawesi, elytra have the widest lateral black stripes reaching the fourth interval in the middle (Fig. 56B). Specimens from India have the narrowest lateral black stripes extended only to interval 7 in the middle (Fig. 56A). However, the elytral stripes are sometimes varied among specimens from same locality. For example, in some specimens from China examined, the elytra stripes extend medially interval 7 only (Fig. 56E) or are absent (Fig. 56D). The apex of the aedeagus also varies slightly in this species in two aspects: the shape of the apical lamella and the degree of sinuation of the right margin before the apex (Figs 57, 58). However, these variations are subtle and continuous and do not support a subspecific division of this species., Published as part of Shi, Hongliang & Liang, Hongbin, 2023, Taxonomic revision of the genus Parena Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini, Metallicina), pp. 1-144 in Zootaxa 5286 (1) on pages 96-100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5286.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7958937, {"references":["Chaudoir, B. M. (1852) Memoire sur la famille des carabiques. 3 e partie. Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 25 (1), 3 - 104.","Chaudoir, B. M. (1872) Monographie des Callidides. Annales de Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 16, 97 - 204.","Bates, H. W. (1891) List of the Carabidae (ord. Coleoptera) obtained by Pere Cardon in Chota-Nagpore. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 35, 324 - 339.","Andrewes, H. E. (1921) Notes on synonymy and on some types of Oriental Carabidae in various foreign collections. The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1921, 145 - 195.","Jedlicka, A. (1946) Description des Carabides nouveaux de 1 ' Asie orient. Praha: A. Jedlicka, 16 pp.","Jedlicka, A. (1963) Monographie der Truncatipennen aus Ostasien, Lebiinae- Odacanthinae- Braehyninae (Coleptera, Carabidae). Entomologische Abhandlungen und Berichte aus dem Staatlichen Museum fuer Tierkunde in Dresden, 28, 269 - 579.","Xie, W. P. & Yu, P. Y. (1993) On the Chinese species of Parena Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Sinozoologia, 10, 185 - 195.","Kirschenhofer, E. (1994) Neue und wenig bekannte Carabidae aus der palaarktischen und orientalischen Region (Col. Carabidae, Lebiinae, Odacanthinae, Brachininae, Panagaeinae). Linzer Biologische Beitrage, 26, 999 - 1067.","Kirschenhofer, E. (2006) Neue Arten der Gattung Parena Motschulsky aus Japan, China Und Indonesien (Sulawesi) (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Mitteilungen des Internationalen Entomologischen Vereins E. V. Frankfurt, 31 (3 - 4), 87 - 103.","Park, J. K, Trac, D. H, & Will, K. (2006) Carabidae from Vietnam (Coleoptera). Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 9 (2), 85 - 105. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 1226 - 8615 (08) 60280 - 0","Habu, A. (1964 b) On Parena nigrolineata (Chaudoir) from Japan. Akitu: Journal of the Kyoto Entomological Society, 11 (3), 33 - 34.","Habu, A. (1982) Revised and supplementary notes on and descriptions of the Truncatipennes group of Japan (2) (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Entomological Review of Japan, 37 (2), 83 - 118.","Park, J. K. & Kwon, Y. J. (1998) Ground-beetles of the genus Parena Motschulsky from Korea (Coleoptera: Harpalidae). Korean Journal of Soil Zoology, 3 (1), 35 - 41.","Bates, H. W. (1873) On the Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. Fam. Carabidae. The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1873 (2), 229 - 322.","Dejean, P. F. M. A. (1836) Catalogue des coleopteres de la collection de M. le Comte Dejean. Troisieme edition, revue, corrigee et augmentee. Livraisons 1 - 4. Paris: Mequigono-Marvis, 384 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / t. 173109"]}

[22] Parena (Bothynoptera) gonggaica sp. nov. Habitus: Fig. 47A. Male genitalia: Fig. 48. Type locality. Sichuan, Luding County, Hailuogou, N29.605, E102.080, 1940 m. Type material. Holotype (IZAS, Fig. 47A): male, body length = 6.6 mm, board mounted, "Hailuogou, Luding, Sichuan / 27-VII-2007 / alt. 1940 m Liu, Zhang, Zhou, & Bi lgt." [in Chinese], " HOLOTYPE / Parena (Bothynoptera) / gonggaica sp. nov. / des. Shi H.L. 2022" [red label] . Diagnostic characters. Dorsum reddish yellow, elytra with four black spots: a pair of basal spots distant from elytra base, not covering first discal pore; a pair of subapical spots adjacent to interval 1, each of them large and oblique-rounded, divergent from each other toward the elytral base, interval 1 yellow between the two subapical spots; labrum apex straight; median lobe of aedeagus well narrowed at apex, apical lamella narrow and long, LL subequal to LW. Comparisons. The new species is distinguished in subgenus Bothynoptera by its unique elytra pattern. It is most similar to another new species, P. triguttata sp. n., which may be sympatric with it. These two new species differ as follows: (1) in P. gonggaica, the dorsal background color is dark reddish yellow, but in P. trigutata, it is vivid reddish yellow, slightly brighter than P. gonggaica sp. n.; (2) in P. gonggaica, the elytra basal spots are more distant from elytra base, not covering first discal pore on interval 3, but in P. trigutata, the basal spots cover the first discal pore; (3) in P. gonggaica, the elytra subapical patch (composed of two nearly adjacent spots) is concave at the anterior margin, and the interval 1 is yellow between the patches, but in P. trigutata, the subapical patch is extended anteriorly at its anterior margin, and the first interval is black inside the patch; and (4) in P. gonggaica, the median lobe of the aedeagus is more narrowed toward the apex and apical lamella is longer, LL equal to LW, whereas in P. trigutata, the apical lamella is shorter, LW much greater than LL. There are other two species (P. taiwana and P. emarginata sp. n.) that also have four black patches on the elytra, but in these species the subapical spots are well separated, not adjacent to the middle. Description. Body length 6.6 mm; body relatively narrow for the genus; dorsum without microsculpture. Color. Dorsum mostly dark reddish yellow; frons with a triangular light patch, clypeus yellow, mouthparts, and antennae yellow, apices of mandibles dark. Pronotum slightly lighter on lateral explanations and subbasal region. Elytra base dark reddish yellow, gradually graded to light reddish yellow at basal fourth of inner intervals and to half of outer intervals; elytra with four black spots: a pair of basal spots far distant from elytra base, length between first and second setigerous pore on interval 3, extended from interval 4 to inner half of interval 6; a pair of subapical spots adjacent to elytral interval 1, each of them large and oblique-rounded, at widest point extended to inner half of interval 6, divergent from each other toward the elytral base, interval 1 yellow between them. Scutellum, epipleura, legs and venter reddish yellow. Head glabrous on vertex and occiput; eyes large and strongly prominent; tempora short, abruptly narrowed behind eyes, length of tempora plus neck-constriction approximately one-third of diameter of eye; postgenae with a pair of suborbital setae, as long as supraorbital setae. Antennae extended beyond elytral base by length of only one antennomere. Labrum nearly quadrate, apex straight; mandibles short and wide; mentum with a pair of long median setae, lateral lobes short, apex narrow, inner margins strongly oblique, outer margins rounded, epilobes rather wide. Pronotum nearly rectangular, PW/PL = 1.40, about same width as head, PW/HW = 1.03, widest at anterior third, lateral explanations slightly wide; lateral margins fully rounded at anterior half and then narrowed to base with distinct sinuation before posterior angles; posterior angles weakly pointed outwards, forming rectangular angles with rounded apex; anterior margin nearly straight at middle; posterior margin oblique at sides; disc convex, with very fine transverse wrinkles. Elytra weakly convex, slightly dilated to apex. Striae shallowly incised, with rows of fine punctures, striae absent at elytra apical eighth; intervals slightly convex, with sparse fine punctures. Disc without depression, lateral sides slightly depressed near anterior third. Elytral basal pore present on base of stria 1; interval 3 with three discal setigerous pores: first one on a level much behind scutellar apex, adjacent to stria 3; second one slightly before middle, adjacent to stria 3; third one on apical eighth, adjacent to stria 2; interval 9 with 18–19 umbilicular pores. Apical truncation indistinct, evenly rounded, sutural angles indistinct. Venter. In male, apex of abdominal sternite VII straight, with two setae on each side. Male with biseriate adhesive setae on apical end of mesotarsomere 2 and apical two-thirds of mesotarsomere 3. Male genitalia. Median lobe of aedeagus very stout, AL/AW = 3.7; in lateral view, ventral margin weakly expanded near middle, apical lamella slightly bent to dorsum; in dorsal view, apex strongly narrowed and bent to right, apical lamella narrow, LL subequal to LW. Endophallus with squamate sac not divided. Female unknown. Distribution (Map 8, cyan). China (Sichuan). Only known by the holotype collected from Hailuogou. Etymology. The scientific name of the new species " gonggaica " is derived from the type locality of the new species. It was collected from the foot of the famous mountain, Gongga Mt. in the central part of Sichuan Province, China.

[7] Parena (Crossoglossa) mellea (Chaudoir, 1872) Habitus: Figs 21E, 21F, 21G. Male genitalia: Fig. 24. Chaudoir, 1872: 179 (original: Crossoglossa; type locality: Moluques; holotype in MNHN); Andrewes, 1930: 257 (Andonare Is.). Misidentification: Parena testacea (Chaudoir): Andrewes, 1929: 314 (Sumatra); Darlington, 1968: 139 (Papua New Guinea). Type material examined. Crossoglossa mellea Chaudoir: Holotype (MNHN, Fig. 21E): female, body length = 11.3 mm, pin mounted, "Ex Musaeo / Chaudoir", " mellea / Chaud. / Moluques / Lorquin " [ex Chaudoir's box label, pinned under specimen now], "MUSEUM PARIS / 1952 / Coll. R. OBERTHÜR", " HOLOTYPE / Crossoglossa mellea / Chaudoir, 1872 / det. SHI H.L. 2011" [red label]. Notes on types. This species was originally described from one female collected by Lorquin from " Moluques ", perfectly in accord with the examined holotype in MNHN (Fig. 21E). There is another male (Fig. 21F) in MNHN labeled " Moluques Lorquin" from the ex-collection of Mniszech. This one seems to be collected together with the holotype, but not known to Chaudoir when the species was described. Non-type material examined. Maluku: 1 male (MNHN), "Moluques Lorquin" [hand written], "Ex Musaeo Mniszech", "MUSEUM PARIS 1952, Coll. R. OBERTHUR" . Andonare: 1 ex (NHML), "Laboenarang / Andonare 2-4000' / Doherty XI"; " Phloedromius / mellea / Chaud. / Compared with / type H.E.A."; " H.E. Andrewes Coll. / B.M. 1945-97". Java: 1 female (NNML), " Banjoewangl, Java, 1911, Mac Gillavry" [=Banyuwangi]. 2 males, 1 female (NNML), "Banjoewangl, Java, 1910, Mac Gillavry". 1 female (NNML), "Java, Drescher, 12.1913, Djoija". 1 male (NNML), " Semarang-Java, P.H.V Doesburg ", " Museum Leiden, ex. collection C.J. Louwerens, rec. 1979", " Parena testacea Chaud., E.B. Britton det. 1947". Sumatra: 1 female (NNHL), " Corporaal, Medan, 8-4-1920 ", "Museum Leiden, Ex coll. B.H. Klynstra ", " Parena testacea Chaud. H.E. Andrewes det.", "Par. Chd. testacea". 1 male (NNHL), " Fort de Kock., (Sumatra) 920 m, December 1921, leg. E. Jacobson. ". 1 female (NHML), " Fort de Kock, (Sumatra) 920 M, 1924, leg. E. Jacobson. ", " H.E. Andrewes Coll. B.M. 1945-97". 1 female (NHML), " Sumatra ", "J.T., 18.3.84", " Coll. Kraatz ", " Ex. Deutsch. Ent. Mus. ", " H.E. Andrewes Coll. B.M. 1945-97". 1 female (NHML), " Medan Mjob. ", " Ex Mus. Stockholm ", " H.E. Andrewes Coll. B.M. 1945-97". 1 female (SDEI), "Sumatra", " Coll. Kraatz ". 1 female (SDEI), " Wai Lima Z. Sum., Lampongs, Karny & Siebers, XI. XII.1921. No261". The Philippines: 1 male (CRS), " Filippine —N Luzon, Ifugao, Pola VIII.2014 " . 1 female (CRS), " Philippines W Luzon, Zambales, Subic VII.2015 " . Comparisons. P. mellea is distinguishable from the other four species in this species group by the combination of: elytra with sutural angles shortly pointed, forming small denticles; outer apical angles almost rounded; elytra without black patch; tibiae yellowish brown. This species is similar to P. testacea, especially for those specimens from Sumatra and the Philippines, which have the same antennal color as P. testacea. These two species are distinguishable by: (1) elytral sutural angles only slightly pointed, forming small denticles in P. mellea, but sharply pointed forming long spines in P. testacea; (2) elytral outer apical angles less distinct in P. mellea; (3) in P. mellea, elytra intervals with punctures much sparser, and stria with puncture rows more clearly defined; (4) in P. mellea, apex of abdominal sternite VII notched in males (Fig. 8F), and projected in females (Fig. 8C), but straight in both sexes of P. testacea; (5) apical lamella of aedeagus longer in P. mellea. Some specimens of P. mellea are similar in color to P. sulawesiensis, especially for those from the Maluku Islands. These two species are different in (1) elytral sutural angles only slightly pointed forming small denticles in P. mellea, but sharply pointed forming long spines in P. sulawesiensis; (2) in P. mellea, apex of abdominal sternite VII more distinctly notched in males, and less projected in females than in P. sulawesiensis; (3) apical lamella of aedeagus ovate in P. mellea, but subrectangular in P. sulawesiensis. Description. Body length 9.5–10.6 mm. Dorsum pale yellow; antennomere 1 yellow, antennomeres 2, 3 and basal third of 4 reddish yellow to dark brown, remainder of antennae black; apices of mandibles black; terminal labial palpomere black, terminal and penultimate maxillary palpomeres black; tarsomeres black, in strong contrast with yellowish brown tibiae; venter pale yellow. Pronotum strongly transverse, PW/PL = 1.60–1.69, much wider than head, PW/HW = 1.10–1.23; widest at anterior third, lateral explanations very wide. Elytra without microsculpture or with very faint isodiametric microsculpture near apices; striae not incised, replaced by rows of very fine punctures; intervals completely flat, with punctures sparser than in striae; disc depressed near middle of intervals 3 to 6, depressions large and shallow; apical truncation distinct, straight or slightly arched; outer apical angles almost rounded, not forming distinct angles; sutural angles slightly pointed, forming short denticles. Apex of abdominal sternite VII notched in males (Fig. 8F), weakly projected at middle in females (Fig. 8C). Median lobe of aedeagus with dorsal margin curved before apical orifice, and then narrowed to apex; apical lamella ovate, weakly bent to dorsum, length slightly greater than its basal width, apex rounded. Endophallus densely and heavily scaled on basal sheath, base of apical sheath ovate in dorsal view; squamate sac hardly divided, on basal fifth of median lobe, right or right-ventral to squamate sheath (Fig. 24). Gonocoxite II of ovipositor dichotomous, inner and outer branches each with two short ensiform setae apically. Distribution (Map 4, blue). Maluku Islands, Adonara Island, Papua New Guinea, East Java, Sumatra, the Philippines. Geographical variation. The antennae color of P. mellea varies between different localities. In specimens from Maluku Islands, Adonara Island, and East Java, antennomeres 2, 3 and the basal third of 4 are reddish yellow, in sharp contrast with the black apical antennomeres (Fig. 21F). In specimens from Sumatra and the Philippines, antennomeres 2, 3, and the basal third of 4 are very dark brown, a color more similar to the black apical antennomeres (Fig. 21G). We studied the male genitalia of specimens from these different localities and found them to be identical (Fig. 24)., Published as part of Shi, Hongliang & Liang, Hongbin, 2023, Taxonomic revision of the genus Parena Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini, Metallicina), pp. 1-144 in Zootaxa 5286 (1) on pages 41-43, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5286.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7958937, {"references":["Chaudoir, B. M. (1872) Monographie des Callidides. Annales de Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 16, 97 - 204.","Andrewes, H. E. (1930) Catalogue of Indian Insects, pars 18 (carabidae), Carabidae. Calcutta: Government of India Central Publication Branch, xxii + 389 pp.","Andrewes, H. E. (1929) The Fauna of Sumatrensis. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 72, 303 - 340.","Darlington, P. J. (1968) The carabid beetles of New Guinea. Part 3. Harpalinae (Continued): Perigonine to Pseudomorphini. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 137 (1), 1 - 253."]}

[20] Parena (Bothynoptera) quadrisignata Mateu, 1977 Habitus: Figs 43D, 43E, 43F. Male genitalia: Fig. 45. Gonocoxites of ovipositor: Fig. 11H. Mateu, 1977: 164 (type locality: Bhutan: Wangdi-Phodrang; holotype in NHMB); Kirschenhofer, 1994: 1047. Parena phongsalyensis Kirschenhofer, 2011: 66 (type locality: Laos: Phongsaly; holotype in CDW). Syn. nov. Type material examined. Parena quadrisignata Mateu : Holotype (NHMB, Fig. 43D): female, body length = 9.0 mm, board mounted, " Wangdi Phodrang / 21km S ", "Nat.-Hist. Museum / Basel-Bhutan / Expedition 1972", "TYPE" [red label], " Parena / 4signata / n.sp. / J. Mateu det. 197 6 ". Paratype (NHMB): 1 female, "PARATYPE" [red label], " 18 km S. Tongsa / Changra 22.6. 1900 m", "Nat.-Hist. Museum / Basel-Bhutan / Expedition 1972". Parena phongsalyensis Kirschenhofer : Holotype (CDW, Fig. 43E): male, body length = 8.4 mm, board mounted, " LAOS / Phongsaly Prov. / PHONGSALY env. / Phu Fa, h: 1450-1600 m ", " 26.VII.2006 / leg. M Geiser / Bergregenwald", "Holotypus / Parena / Phongsalyensis sp. n. / des. Kirschenhofer 2010" [red label], "COLL. WRASE / BERLIN" [green label] . Notes on types and synonyms. Parena phongsalyensis Kirschenhofer : This species was described from N. Laos without comparison with the very similar species P. quadrisignata. We examined the types of the two species and found that they are slightly different in the following three aspects: the background color of P. phongsalyensis is much darker; the humeral patches smaller and slightly distant from elytra base, and the subapical patches have the oblique extension very narrow and almost invisible. We cannot compare their male genitalia because the types of P. quadrisignata are females. Instead, we examined several specimens from west Yunnan, which geographically intermediate and present intermediate states of these above characters (Fig. 43F). These specimens are almost identical to the holotype of P. phongsalyensis in male genitalia (Fig. 45). Thus, we treat P. phongsalyensis as a junior synonym of P. quadrisignata. Non-type material examined. Laos: 1 ex (NHML), "Laos, Nam qiene, le 14-IV.1918, R. Vitalis de Salvaza ", "Bought from Vitalis de Salvaza 1928", " H.E. Andrewes Coll. / B.M. 1945-97.". India: 2 ex (NHMB), "NE India, Arunachal Pr. Dirang vicinity, 1550+- 150 m, 27°21'-23'N92°13'-16' E, L. Dembicky leg. 1.-9.vi.2004 ". China: 1 female (IZAS), "Yunnan, Fugong county, Pihe, Zhiziluo, 2005.8.20, Liang Hongbin lgt.". 1 male, 1 female (CAS), "Yunnan, Tengchong, Qushi, Xiangyangqiao, N25.21221, E98.57836, 1500 m, 2006.VI.4 D, Kavanaugh D., Brett R. lgt." . 1 male (IZAS), "Yunnan, Baoshan, Mangkuan, Baihualing, N25.21221, E98.57836, 1635 m, 2005.VI.2 D, Kavanaugh D. lgt." . 1 male (IZAS), "Xizang, Mêdog county, Dêxing, Wainlang vill, alt. 1251 m, 2020.IX.4 D2, N29.36709, E95.34012, Liang Hongbin lgt.". Comparisons. This species is easily distinguished from all other species of subgenus Bothynoptera by dorsum dark brown with black patches on elytra. It is also distinctly larger than all other species of the P. tripunctata group. The male genitalia of this species are very similar to those of P. tripunctata, but the apical lamella is rounded-triangular and not bent toward the dorsum. In P. tripunctata, the apical lamella is rounded-truncate and weakly bent toward the dorsum. Description. Body length 8.0– 9.1 mm. Dorsum dark brown, elytra background slightly lighter than pronotum and head; elytra with two pairs of black patches: basal group elongate, very close to elytra base, occupying intervals 5 to 7 or 8, subapical group nearly round, occupying intervals 4 to 7, often with an oblique extension backward to elytral suture; legs, antennae, and mouthparts dark brown; venter dark brown. Labrum slightly dilated to apex, apex very weakly emarginate. Pronotum nearly quadrate, PW/PL = 1.20–1.28, usually slightly narrower than head, PW/HW = 0.93–1.00; lateral explanations narrow; widest at anterior third, slightly rounded at anterior half, and then moderately to strongly sinuate before posterior angles; posterior angles nearly rectangular with slightly distinct apex. Elytra slightly dilated to apex, surface without microsculpture; striae shallowly incised, with fine puncture rows; intervals with sparse punctures. Males with biseriate adhesive setae on apical third of mesotarsomere 2 and apical two-thirds of mesotarsomere 3. Median lobe of aedeagus very stout, in dorsal view apex distinctly bent to right; in lateral view ventral margin slightly expanded near middle; apical lamella thick and short, rounded triangular, LL subequal to LW. Endophallus with squamate sac not divided. Gonocoxite II of ovipositor nearly quadrate, length subequal to basal width, apex straight, with five ensiform setae, four of them equally arranged on apical margin, a shorter one on outer margin. Distribution (Map 8, black). Bhutan, Laos, NE. India, China (Yunnan, Xizang)., Published as part of Shi, Hongliang & Liang, Hongbin, 2023, Taxonomic revision of the genus Parena Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini, Metallicina), pp. 1-144 in Zootaxa 5286 (1) on pages 77-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5286.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7958937, {"references":["Mateu, J. (1977) Ergebnisse der Bhutan-Expedition 1972 des Naturhistorischen Museums in Basel. Entomologica Basiliensia, 2, 159 - 174.","Kirschenhofer, E. (1994) Neue und wenig bekannte Carabidae aus der palaarktischen und orientalischen Region (Col. Carabidae, Lebiinae, Odacanthinae, Brachininae, Panagaeinae). Linzer Biologische Beitrage, 26, 999 - 1067.","Kirschenhofer, E. (2011) Beschreibungen neuer truncatipenner Carabiden aus Ost- und Sudostasien; eine neue Art der Gattung Craspedophorus Hope, 1838 (Panageaeini) aus Sudostasien; Bemerkungen zu zwei japanischen Arten der Gattung Parena Motschulsky, 1859. Acta Coleopterologica, 27 (1), 61 - 75."]}

[9] Parena (Crossoglossa) sciakyi sp. nov. Habitus: Fig. 25. Gonocoxites of ovipositor: Fig. 11 γ. Type locality. Guadalcanal of the Solomon Islands. Type material. Holotype (CRS, Fig. 25): female, body length = 11.3 mm, board mounted, "South Pasific, Solomon Is. / GUADALCANAL I., 750–900 m / Karukiki env., 20-25 km SSE / of Honiara, 1-18.XII.2016 / St. Jakl leg."; " HOLOTYPE / Parena (Crossoglossa) / sciakyi sp. nov. / des. Shi H.L. 2022" [red label] . Diagnostic characters. Dorsum pale yellow, elytra with large median black patch; antennomeres 1 to base of 4 yellow, apical antennomeres black; tibiae yellowish brown except apex dark brown; pronotum strongly transverse; elytra striae not incised, replaced by rows of fine punctures; disc shallowly depressed near middle of intervals 3 to 6; sutural angles simple, without pointed denticles (Fig. 14H); female abdominal sternite VII with apical margin straight at middle (Fig. 8A). Comparisons. P. sciakyi sp. n. is the only known species in the subgenus Crossoglossa which has a black patch on elytra. Besides the conspicuous large patch, the new species is also different from all other species of the P. testacea species group by: (1) elytral sutural angles not at all pointed, without denticles or spines; (2) pronotum much wider (PW/PL 1.82) than other species (PW/PL 1.60–1.71); (3) elytra microsculpture stronger than in other species. Description. Body length 11.3 mm. Body wide and stout, elytra subconvex. Color. Head yellowish brown, slightly darker than pronotum, pronotum pale yellow; antennomeres 1 to 3 yellowish brown, apex of 2 and 3 slightly darker, antennomere 4 gradually darkened from brown base to black apex, remaining antennomeres black, apex of antennomere 11 yellow; apex and inner margins of mandibles black; apex of laciniae and galea black; terminal labial palpomere black except apex, terminal and penultimate maxillary palpomeres black except apex. Elytra with margins pale yellow, disc with a conspicuous trapezoidal black patch, extended from basal pore basally to apical pore on interval 3 apically, extended to interval 6 near humerus and to interval 8 on outer apical angle. Scutellum yellow. Tibiae yellowish brown, apex dark brown; tarsomeres black; claws yellow. Venter of head reddish brown; metasternum and metaepisterna black; remaining parts of venter pale yellow. Head without microsculpture, vertex and frons with fine punctures; eyes large and strongly prominent; tempora very short, abruptly narrowed behind eyes, length of tempora plus neck-constriction slightly less than one-third of eyes' diameter; postgenae with a pair of long suborbital setae. Antennae barely reaching pronotum base. Mentum without median seta, lateral lobes extremely large, inner margins nearly straight, outer and apical margins widely rounded, epilobes very narrow; submentum with two setae on each side. Pronotum strongly transverse, PW/PL = 1.82, distinctly wider than head, PW/HW = 1.26; widest at anterior third; lateral margin largely rounded, very weakly sinuate before posterior angles; posterior angles rounded, obtuse; anterior margin slightly curved inward at middle; anterior angles widely rounded. Disc slightly convex, without microsculpture, with very fine and sparse punctures; lateral explanations very wide. Elytra with isodiametric microsculpture, very faint near base, fine but distinct in other regions. Striae well defined, not incised, replaced by rows of very fine punctures; intervals completely flat, with punctures much sparser than in striae; disc shallowly depressed near middle of intervals 3 to 6, depressions subtriangular; lateral sides slightly depressed near anterior third. Elytral basal pore present on base of stria 1; interval 3 with three discal pores: first one on level of scutellar apex, adjacent to stria 3, second one on basal two-fifth, adjacent to stria 3, third one on apical twelfth, adjacent to stria 2; interval 9 with 27 umbilicular pores.Apical truncation distinct, nearly straight; outer apical angles completely rounded; sutural angles not pointed, without denticles. Venter. Metasternum with short setae behind mesocoxae; abdominal sternite III to VI with long setae medially; in female, apex of abdominal sternite VII straight, with two long setae on each side (Fig. 8A). Female genitalia. Gonocoxite II of ovipositor dichotomous, outer branch slightly wider than inner branch, similar in length, each branch with two long ensiform setae on apex (Fig. 11 γ). Male unknown. Distribution (Map 4, orange). Only known by the holotype from the Solomon Islands. Etymology. The new species is named for Dr. Riccardo Sciaky (Milano), who kindly provided several important specimens of Parena under his care for the present study, including this new species., Published as part of Shi, Hongliang & Liang, Hongbin, 2023, Taxonomic revision of the genus Parena Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini, Metallicina), pp. 1-144 in Zootaxa 5286 (1) on pages 44-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5286.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7958937