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The intelligent fault diagnosis method based on neural network is one of the most practical diagnosis methods in nonlinear analog circuit, the selection of appropriate test excitation signal can improve the diagnosis accuracy. The paper studies fault diagnosis excitation optimization method based on simulated annealing and genetic hybrid algorithm. In nonlinear analog circuit fault diagnosis takes Volterra kernel of low order as feature, the parameter selection of the multi-frequency sinusoidal excitation signal is taken as optimal problem, in case of same excitation, the lumped Euclidean distance of various fault states feature vector is taken as fitness function, the search method of optimum excitation signal parameter combining simulated annealing algorithm and genetic algorithm is studied. The optimization scheme of annealing genetic hybrid algorithm is presented and the practical examples are also given to verify the method in this paper.

To study the expression of stomatin like protein-2 (SLP-2) at mRNA and protein levels in two kinds of malignant epithelial tumors, including laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and invasive breast cancer, and to study the relations of SLP-2 expression and clinicopathologic parameters with the prognosis.RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of SLP-2 mRNA and protein in LSCC and their normal counterparts (46 and 10 pair, respectively). Immunohistochemistry was carried on tissue array constructed from LSCC (104 cases) and breast cancer (263 cases), respectively. The association between SLP-2 expression and clinicopathologic parameters was analyzed.LSCC showed a higher expression of SLP-2 than that of their normal counterparts (negative expression) at mRNA (83%, 38/46) and protein (7/10) level. Immunohistochemical analysis of LSCC showed that compared with negative expression in normal laryngeal epithelium (0/20), a higher SLP-2 expression was detected in LSCC (36/104, P=0.000) and associated with the advanced clinical stage (P0.01) and lymph node metastasis (P=0.003). Immunohistochemical study of invasive breast cancer demonstrated that compared with negative expression in normal breast tissue (0/10), more than one half of the cases showed a high SLP-2 expression (52.5%, 138/263, P=0.000) in breast cancer, which correlated with the tumor size (P=0.020), lymph node metastasis (P0.01), advanced clinical stage (P0.01), distant metastasis (P=0.002) and HER2/neu protein expression (P=0.037). Survival analysis showed a shorter overall survival probability in patients with a high SLP-2 expression. It was considered that lymph node metastasis, positive HER2/neu expression, and high-level SLP-2 expression may act as the independent prognostic factors for those tumors.A high expression level of SLP-2 may be associating with the development of invasion and metastasis in LSCC and breast cancer, and SLP-2 is also considered working as an independent factor indicating a poor prognosis clinically in breast cancer.

The subject investigated in this paper is oil-water two-phase flow, an image data acquisition system for 12 electrodes electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) of oil/water two-phase flow is discussed. This paper introduces a novel integrated structure of the ECT system for a capacitance sensor, in which the capacitance-to-voltage conversion circuitry for each electrode directly onto the electrodes such that the leads and its stray capacitance are eliminated nearly. The principle and design of a new AC-based micro-capacitance measurement circuit (MCMC) of controllable exciting sine-wave signal amplitude is presented and implemented as well as in this paper. The immunity to stray capacitances of MCMC is discussed and analyzed. The results of experiment results show that the non-linear error is 0.248%, the repeatability error is 0.281%, static error is less than 0.3% for capacitance measurement, and drift is 0.05% per hour. The circuit not only overcomes the limitations of existing circuit but also satisfies the requirement of ECT system in linearity, resolution and stability by the analysis of test data. The reconstructed section image, which is on the basis of image data captured, is in accordance with the facts.

Electrical manipulation of room temperature ferromagnetism (RTFM) has been observed in several kinds of transition metal doped diluted magnetic oxide films. We demonstrate using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy that the redistribution of the oxygen vacancies in a film under an electric field plays a crucial role in the enhancement of the RTFM. Based on a detailed analysis of the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data for the oxygen vacancy distribution in different resistive states, a unified mechanism has been proposed. This work points out a new direction for improving the magnetic properties of these materials by controlling oxygen vacancies in the interior of the films.

Introducing a comprehensive technique to reconstruct burn scar contracture or deformities using integra (artificial dermis) with large epidermal skin grafting or ulth-thin split-skin.The wounds following contracture scar or deformities excised or loose were covered with the integra which was flattened and fixed perfectly, after a 2 approximately 4-week period, the out layer was removed then covered with large sheets of epidermal grafts, which was of thickness from 0.0028 inc to 0.0048inc (0.07 approximately 0.12 mm), or ulth-thin split-skin of about 0.006inc (0.15 mm) thickness, harvested using the electric or air power dermatome, the edge of the graft sheet attached together with the borders of wound using nanoparticles-Ag-gauze stripe adding sutures of the 5-0 threads or the skin stapler, dressed with vaseline gauzes in the inner layer and the nano-particles Ag gauze on the outer surfaces.Nineteen sites of 15 cases including 5 sites in trunk and 14 sites in extremities from 1999.8 to 2003.6 were treated using this technique in this study, the wound areas following scar excised was about 10 cm x 25 cm approximately 30 cm x 75 cm, of them 12 cases covered with a large sheet of ultr-thin split-skin (in early time) and 7 cases with a large sheet of epidermal grafting and all of them was survival. The colour and texture of the reconstruction sites were very good and can be compared favorably with normal skin after a half year-four year following up period, because all donor sites healing without scarring, the appearance in the epidermal graft donor is better than that in split-thickness skin donor.Integra with large sheets of epidermal grafts applied for scar contracture disformities is an effective and useful method, especially the epidermal grafts offered a satisfying result in the donor healing.

“Tooth-arrangement Three-fingered Hands” is a brand-new oral cavity repairing robot. It has the functions of fine grasping and arranging artificial tooth, manufacturing complete denture, etc. A new optimization design method is proposed in this paper that solves the problems in optimization structure parameter confirming and optimal dexterous design. The bionic theorem behind duplicating the dexterity of the human finger is incorporated into the structure parameter optimization algorithm. Through analyzing the dexterity of the single finger, adopting the design criteria of dexterous degree with optimum index and combining the characteristic of grasping the smallest object, this design method can confirm the best dexterity area for single finger, relations between every rod length and rotation range of every joint. Using MATLAB optimization toolbox to optimize above-mentioned structure parameter, it gains the optimal dimension that meets characteristic of human fingers and can finish grasping. A quantitative method is also proposed in this paper to calculate the relative position between fingers. It is applied to the real design of Tooth-Arrangement Three-fingered Hands and obtained optimal flexible performance. Keywords : dexterity, three-fingered hands, structure parameter, optimize

This system adopted two-level structure that was composed of Cable Monitoring And Controlling Device (CMCD) and Cable Monitoring Center (CMC). CMC receives the alarm data via the MODEM and the telephone net. In this way, the functions of typing the fault point's map, alarming and the cable management can be picked up. CMCD takes the processor chip Atemega128 as the center of the system that adopted the alternating current and direct current on-line switching electricity-supply mode. Also, the system includes four groups of independent power, the relay and the optical isolation to separate the system from the monitoring cable and the telephone net. CMCD accomplishes the cable real-time monitoring, malfunctions auto-locating, telephone voice alarming, long-distance parameters modification, data up-loading, error verifying and the telecommunication room's environment monitoring and so on. The longest distance of monitoring cable is 20 km, and the precision is 1%.

To explore the feasibility of autologous fascia as a scaffold for the reconstruction of skeletal muscle in vivo.Twenty-eight healthy New Zealand rabbits were employed in the study. The anterior tibial muscle in both legs were divided to create a gap of 10 mm in each muscle. One leg was used in the experiment (E, n = 28), while the contralateral as self-control (C). The legs in C group were further divided into 3 groups (C1, C2 and C3). While defects in the midportion of anterior tibial muscle in the hind legs were created in all rabbits. In E group, each defect was filled with a tubule made of autologous fascia lata, and the fascial tubule was filled with tiny muscular granules (1 mm x 1 mm x 1 mm). In C1 group (n = 10), the defect was also filled with fascial tubule but with no muscle filling. The defect in C2 group (n = 10) was only filled with muscle granules without fascial tubule. The defect in C3 group (n = 8) received no treatment. The survival rate of the transplantation was grossly observed, and the tissue samples were harvested for histological and ultra-structural examination and immunohistochemical identification of desmin at 2, 3, 4, 6 and 9 post-operation weeks. The expression level of alpha-actin DNA in the tissue samples from the midportion of grafted fascia was assessed by RT-PCR (reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) in E and C1 groups.(1) Survival rate of the transplantation: In E group, it was 93.33% with near normal tissue contour in the grafting area. The muscle defects were not completely repaired in C1, C2 and C3 groups. (2) Under light and electronic microscopy, marked proliferation of muscular cells surrounding fibrous tissue could be discerned at 2 and 3 post-operation weeks in E group, while only necrotic tissue and fibrosis were observed in C1 and C2 groups, and no definite tissue could be discernible in C3 group. (3) Immunohistochemical staining revealed that over 85% of the cells were positive for desmin in E group, while only less than 25% in C1 group. (4) The expression level of alpha-actin DNA was significantly higher in E group than that in C2 group (P0.05).These results suggested that autologous fascia as a scaffold is beneficial for skeletal muscle reconstruction in vivo.

Stomatin-like protein 2 (SLP-2), a differentially expressed gene obtained from esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) matched tissues using cDNA microarray, is over-expressed in ESCC tissues. This study was to confirm over-expression of SLP-2 in ESCC tissues, to construct eukaryotic expression plasmid of SLP-2, and investigate the role of up-regulation of SLP-2 in initiation and progression of ESCC.Semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect expression of SLP-2 in ESCC tissues. Full-length open-reading frame (ORF) of SLP-2 was amplified from cDNA of normal esophageal epithelia by PCR, and inserted into pcDNA3.1/myc-His(-) to construct a eukaryotic expression plasmid of SLP-2. Then the recombinant was transfected into ESCC cell line TE12. Positive cell clones were selected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. MTT assay, plate clone formation assay, flow cytometry, and MTS assay were performed to measure the effect of SLP-2 on TE12 cells.SLP-2 was over-expressed in ESCC tissues. Sense/antisense eukaryotic expression plasmids of SLP-2 were constructed. Antisense transfection of SLP-2 gene led to S phase arrest, decreased expression of SLP-2 in TE12 cells, and suppressed cell growth and proliferation, and cell adhesive ability.Up-regulation of SLP-2 gene might contribute to hyperproliferation of TE12 cells, and metastasis of ESCC.

To investigate the role of expression of matrix metallo-proteinase 14 (MMP14) in laryngeal carcinomas and the relationship between MMP14 expression and the laryngeal biological behavior.The gene expression differences of MMP14 between fresh laryngeal cancer tissues and their surrounding normal mucosa was analyzed by RT-PCR. The expression of MMP14 protein in paraffin-embedded tissues was determined immunohistochemically. All statistical analyses were performed by SPSS version 10.0.In the 33 cases of matched specimens, MMP14 gene expression was much higher in tumor tissues than that in surrounding ing normal tissues in 26 cases and lower in 2 cases, whereas in other 5 cases, no significant difference was observed between the cancer tissue and the surrounding normal tissue. MMP14 gene expression was not different in different stages in laryngeal glottic cancers, but correlated to the differentiation and lymph node metastasis (P0.05). There was correlation between MMP14 gene expression and the stage, differentiation and lymph node metastasis in the laryngeal supraglottic cancers (P.05). MMP14 protein was localized predominantly in the carcinoma cell cytoplasm and in the stromal fibroblast cytoplasm, and weakly or not expressed in surrounding normal tissue. MMP14 protein expression was much higher in tumor tissue than that in surrounding normal tissue in most of the cases. In general, MMP14 protein expression was the same as MMP14 gene expression and related to the stage, differentiation and lymph node metastasis in the laryngeal cancers. There was no survival difference at 3, 5 and 7-year between the group with higher MMP14 protein expression in tumor tissues than surrounding normal tissues and the group with no difference of MMP14 protein expression (Log Rank, P=0.5535).The protein MMP14 may play role in laryngeal cancer invasion in a certain extent, but important role in lymph node metastasis of laryngeal cancer. The over-expression of MMP14 protein may be a marker for lymph node metastasis of laryngeal cancer.

To observe the binding power of polymyxin B (PMB) and its simulation peptide to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoid A.LPS and lipoid A were separately coated on biosensor. 5 microl of PMB (0.01 microg/L) 5 microl of its simulating peptide 1 (PMBSP1 0.01 microg/L) and 5 microl of its simulating peptide 2 (PMBSP2, 0.01 microg/L) were respectively added into the hydrophobic sample pool. The combining power of PMB and its simulating peptides PMBSP1 and PMBSP2 to LPS and lipoid A was compared. RESULTS (1) PMBSP1 almost did not bind LPS and lipoid A, while PMB and PMBSP2 possessed high affinity with LPS and lipoid A. (2) The peak value (98.41 +/- 7.31) rad/s of PMBSP2 binding LPS was much higher than that (83.58 +/- 5.42) rad/s of PMB in binding LPS (P0.05). While the peak value of PMB in binding lipoid A was similar to that of PMBSP2. (3) The peak value of PMB binding LPS was significantly lower than that of PMB in binding lipoid A (P0.05). But there was no difference between the peak value of PMBSP2 in binding LPS and that of PMBSP2 in binding lipoid A. (4) PMBSP2 could bind to LPS and lipoid A in a shorter time to reach peak levels.Compared with PMB, the PMBSP2 could bind to LPS and lipoid A in a shorter time. In addition, PMBSP2 exhibited similar affinity to LPS and lipoid A. This indicated that PMBSP might possess better anti-LPS activity due to its lack of space steric hindrance when PMBSP binding the lipoid A of LPS.

To explore the acting mechanism of electrical field in electrical injury.Thirty-six New Zealand white rabbits were employed in the study and were randomly divided into 7 groups. There were 12 rabbits in group 1 and 4 in each group of other 6 groups. The animal model of nonthermal electrical injury previously replicated was employed in the study. Experiment with paralleled muscular fibers in electrical field was carried out in groups 2 approximately 4, while that of vertical muscular fibers in electrical field in groups 5-7. Anatomical examination was done to determine the index of deep burn injury (IDBI) in all groups of rabbits at 0, 2 and 24 postburn hour (PBH). Histological and ultrastructural examination, gamma picturing and isotope scanning with 99mTc were done in group 1 at 2 PBH.There was no obvious skin injury in the white rabbits in group 1. Deep tissue necrosis was identified under the small electrode. Constant muscular spasm was observed in the inner side of the thigh. The muscles in paralleled electrical field suffered more severe injury than those in vertical one. Tissue injury was more severe in those areas with higher current density, less soft tissue, and also in the central area of the axis of the electric field. There were obvious changes in the perfusion and blood pool phases in these areas as observed with the aid of 99mTc. Light microscopic examination revealed swelling and necrosis of muscular fibers. Under electron microscopy, it was found that there were edema and dissolution with separation of lipid molecular layers of cell membrane, Shortened nucleus with partial dissolution of nuclear membrane, increased heparin granules within nucleus, swelling of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum, myofilament dissolution, expanded gap between myofilament and decreased number of heparin granules.Non-thermal tissue injury in the electrical field, in terms of cell, ultrastructural and molecular levels, was induced and aggravated by all the factors constituting high voltage electrical field.

In order to explore pathogenic mechanism of laryngeal carcinoma, the involved genes were identified in larynx carcinogenesis by comparing the gene expression profile in matched primary normal epithelial cells and primary laryngeal carcinoma cells from the same patients.A cDNA microarray analysis consisting of 11,431 human genes revealed significant changes in the expression of 35 genes, with 8 genes being up-regulated and 27 being down-regulated. The epithelial membrane protein-1 (EMP-1) is one of the down-regulated genes. EMP-1 expression in various kinds of laryngeal carcinoma was determined by semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).The EMP-1 mRNA levels in all laryngeal carcinoma cells was significantly lower than that in the matched primary normal epithelial cells (P0.05) and were not correlated to the stage and differentiation of laryngeal carcinoma (P0.05).The EMP-1 expression was correlated to larynx carcinogenesis and may be helpful to elucidate the pathogenic mechanism in laryngeal carcinoma.

A series of molecularly imprinted polymeric microspheres(MIPMs) were prepared by seed swelling and suspension polymerization method in aqueous system using tyrosine as printing molecules, methacrylic acid as functional monomers and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TRIM) as cross-linkers. The morphology including the size, size distribution, pore and pore distribution of the polymer beads was analyzed by scanning electron microscope(SEM). The major factors that influence these properties of the beads are discussed. The molecule selecting property of the MIPMs was detected through liquid chromatography. The results showed that uniform-sized spherical MIPMs had been prepared in aqueous system by seed swelling and suspension polymerization method, and its surface was distributed with pores between 1 micron to 10 microns. The average bead size was adjusted from about 50 microns to 400 microns by changing the stirring speed and the amount of seeds used during the preparation. The prepared MIPMs exhibited a considerable tendency to adsorb tyrosine, the printing molecules selectively, and the separation factor was up to 1.82 when phenylalanine was chosen as the competitive molecules.

A key management approach of multicast is provided in this paper. It is based on the approach of assignment key to every group member through key center. In view of some management schemes where members join, leave or are deleted, key service center must distribute new key through unicast another time. The bigger amount of members the greater expenses will be spent. In this paper with member varying their upper key service center still distribute the new keythrough multicast and an ID is assigned to every member to identify their transmission message so as to implement data origin authentication. The essential principle of this approach is distributing a key generator for each member. For example a random number generator depending on certain algorithm can be distributed. And every member needs store a seed table. In this project key can automatically be renewed as time goes by or immediately renewed. Replace unicast by multicast to renew key decrease the spending. It is not only suitable for the key centralized management scheme with fewer members but also for the key separated management scheme with large group members and member frequently changed.

In this paper an implementation approach of IPSec inside host operating system is given, which is composed of three main modules: Kernel IPSec module, where AFT, ESP and theirs encapsulation in kernel are implemented, Key Management Process module, where IKE consultation and its connection with other parts are implemented, and Interface module. The whole implementation approach is introduced and each component part is detailed. The implementation diagram is shown. Several key points such as policy management and so on which should be considered in implementation are provided. Main software flow diagrams are illustrated. Some functions are mentioned. The integrated approach inside operation system presented in this paper is modularized to three parts, and every part is supported by its backstage procedure. So this approach is characterized by easily disposal and transplant. For example it also can be conveniently applied to router software to implement integration inside router.

Oxygen vacancy plays a crucial role in resistive switching. To date, a quantitative study about the distribution of the oxygen vacancies and its effect on the resistive switching has not yet been reported. In this study, we report our first-principles calculations in ZnO-based resistive switching memory grown on a Pt substrate. We show that the oxygen vacancies prefer to be located in the ZnO (0001) plane, i.e. in the direction parallel to the film surface in the preparation process. These oxygen vacancies drift easily in the film when a voltage is applied in the SET process and prefer to form a line defect perpendicular to the film surface. An isolated oxygen vacancy makes little contribution to the conductivity of ZnO, whereas the ordering of oxygen vacancies in the direction perpendicular to the film surface leads to a dramatic enhancement of the conductivity and thus forms conductive filaments. The semiconducting characteristics of the conductive filaments are confirmed experimentally.

We examined the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among people without apparent liver disease and patients with various liver diseases in Nanjing, southern China. Also, we determined the sequence of the HCV genome from two patients and discussed the phylogenetic relationship to other previously reported sequences. In our study, 400 people without apparent liver disease and 565 with liver disease, including 35 asymptomatic carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), 167 acute hepatitis, 250 chronic hepatitis, 72 liver cirrhosis, and 41 hepatocellular carcinoma patients, were examined. HCV antibody was not detected among the 400 non-liver disease people, but 24 (4.2%) of the 565 liver disease patients were positive for HCV antibody. The HCV genome from Nanjing belonged to genotype III. From these results, the HCV infection in Nanjing was shown to be rare, and may have been brought there recently.

The vacancy_dioxygen complex(VO2) is one of the main defects formed i n fast neutron irradiated CZ_Si during annealing in the temperature range 400—500℃. In this defect,two oxygen atoms share a vacancy,each of which is bonded to two s ilicon neighbors.With the increase of the 889cm-1(VO2),two infrared absorption bands at 919.6 and 1006cm-1 will arise in neutron irradia ted CZ _Si after annealed in the temperature range 300—500℃.IR vibrational bands at 9 19.6 and 1006cm-1 can be assigned to the metastable defect (O-V-O)th at is composed of a VO(A center) and a neighboring interstitial oxygen(Oi)atom.By prolonging the annealing time from 2h up to 10h or increasing the annealing temperature,the metastable defect(O-V-O)will be converted into V O2.During annealing in the temperature range 400—500℃,the main defe cts for med in the high dose(1019) neutron irradiated CZ_Si is the multi_vac ancy type of defects and the formation of the VO2 will be depressed.

Background: Central nervous system (CNS) tumors are the most common solid tumors that occur in children, however there were few big-data follow-up analysis published in China. Overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family members was reported on glioblastoma (GBM) and medulloblastoma (MB) before. However, the correlation between EGFR family members expression with prognosis of MB, supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) and small cell GBM is unclear in Chinese children. Methods: A retrospective and survival analysis was performed on children (age ≤16 years) diagnosed as CNS primary small cell tumors in the Affiliated Provincial Hospital, Shandong University from 2000 to 2012, including MB (n = 44), PNET (n = 8) and small cell GBM (n = 19). The expression of EGFR, ERBB-2, ERBB-3 and ERBB-4 were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to observe the amplification of EGFR and ERBB-2 gene. Results: Median survival times of MBs, small GBMs and PNETs were 23 ± 6.7 months, 8 ± 4.7 months and 10 ± 1.4 months. Expression and amplification of ERBB-2, ERBB-3 and ERBB-4 were not observed in all tumor samples. The multiply Cox regression suggested the overexpression and amplification of EGFR were negative prognostic factors for MB. Radiotherapy had the positive function for all pediatric patients. Conclusion: Overexpression of EGFR predicts poor outcomes of MBs, small cell GBMs and PNETs, suggesting those three CNS tumor subtypes can be considered as one group for the potential common mechanism. The current individual treatment and big data analysis of pediatric CNS embryonal tumors and GBM continues to be very challenging in China. Virtual Slides: The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/ 7649640001237474