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OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of rhubarb on neonatal rats with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) induced by hyperoxia. METHODS: A total of 64 rats (postnatal day 4) were randomly divided into four groups:air control, rhubarb control, hyperoxia model, and hyperoxia+rhubarb (n=16 each). The rats in the hyperoxia model and hyperoxia+rhubarb groups were exposed to hyperoxia (60% O(2)) to establish a BPD model. The rats in the rhubarb control and hyperoxia+rhubarb groups were given rhubarb extract suspension (600 mg/kg) by gavage daily. The pathological changes of lung tissue were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin staining on postnatal days 14 and 21. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured by spectrophotometry. The mRNA and protein expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were determined by RT-PCR and Western blot respectively. RESULTS: The hyperoxia model group showed reduced alveolar number, increased alveolar volume, and simplified alveolar structure, which worsened over the time of exposure to hyperoxia. These pathological changes were significantly reduced in the hyperoxia+rhubarb group. On postnatal days 14 and 21, compared with the air control and rhubarb control groups, the hyperoxia model group had significantly reduced radical alveolar count (RAC), significantly reduced activity of SOD in the lung tissue, and significantly increased content of MDA and mRNA and protein expression levels of TNF-α and IL-6 (P < 0.05). Compared with the hyperoxia model group, the hyperoxia+rhubarb group had significantly increased RAC, significantly increased activity of SOD in the lung tissue, and significantly reduced content of MDA and mRNA and protein expression levels of TNF-α and IL-6 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Rhubarb may play a protective role in rats with BPD induced by hyperoxia through inhibiting inflammatory response and oxidative stress.

Pancreatic cancer is one of the major malignancies and cause for mortality across the world, with recurrence and metastatic progression remaining the single largest cause of pancreatic cancer mortality. Hence it is imperative to develop novel biomarkers of pancreatic cancer prognosis. The E3 ubiquitin ligase ITCH has been previously reported to inhibit the tumor suppressive Hippo signaling by suppressing LATS1/2 in breast cancer and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. However, the role of ITCH in pancreatic cancer progression has not been described. Here we report that ITCH transcript and protein expression mimic metastatic trait in pancreatic cancer patients and cell lines. Loss-of-function studies of ITCH showed that the gene product is responsible for inducing metastasis in vivo. We furthermore show that hsa-miR-106b, which itself is down regulated in metastatic pancreatic cancer, directly interacts and inhibit ITCH expression. ITCH and hsa-miR-106b are thus potential biomarkers for pancreatic cancer prognosis.

Previously, other groups and our team consistently have demonstrated that the possible origination of liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) is the malignant transformation from liver normal stem cells (LNSCs). However, this complex and multi-step process is far from clear due to the accumulation of various gene dysregulations. Because non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) could regulate multiple genes, a family of genes, and even whole chromosomes, this study further investigated the effect of dysregulated short ncRNA microRNA-10b and long ncRNA HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR) between LNSCs and LCSCs on phenotype reversion. To clarify the role of ncRNA in malignant transformation of LNSCs, we used lentivirus transduction to enhance the miR-10b and HOTAIR expression levels in our previously isolated rat LNSCs. The malignant abilities of proliferation, invasiveness, and tumorigenesis were observed and compared in cells before and after ncRNAs enhancement. After microRNA-10b and HOTAIR were enhanced separately, several cancer stem cell (CSC)-like traits appeared in these LNSCs, including in vitro-enhanced proliferative capacity, expression of putative LCSC markers, progressive invasive ability, and even in vivo aggravation into and taking the place of normal liver tissue. Furthermore, strengthened expression of these ncRNAs partially degraded E-cadherin in LNSCs, which is one of the classic markers in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). HOTAIR or miR-10b enhanced in LNSCs may drive the LNSCs to a tendency toward malignant transformation. This study partially uncovers the mechanism by which miR-10b or HOTAIR promotes malignant transformation of LNSCs through down-regulating E-cadherin and inducing EMT.

A systematic investigation on magnetism and spin-resolved electronic properties in Ni-doped ZnS systems was performed by using the first principle plane-wave pseudo potential method. The formation energy calculation implied that Ni-doped ZnS could be realized experimentally at room temperature and ferromagnetic state was ground state in Ni-doped ZnS. Electronic structures showed Ni-doped ZnS supercell was p-type half-metallic ferromagnetic (FM) semiconductor with a total magnetic moment of 2.0 μB per Ni. Due to the neighboring S atoms around doped Ni atoms mediating the magnetic coupling by p–d hybridization, the long distance FM coupling in Ni-doped ZnS was achieved. Furthermore, high dopant concentration and not obvious clustering effect could be obtained in Ni-doped ZnS. These results imply that Ni-doped ZnS could be a promising dilute magnetic semiconductor for application in spintronic devices.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the accuracy and clinical utility of neonatal critical illness score (NCIS) and score for neonatal acute physiology, perinatal extension, version Ⅱ (SNAPPE-Ⅱ) in predicting the "dead and abandoned" risk in critically ill neonates. METHODS: A total of 269 critically ill neonates were divided into two groups according to their prognosis:dead/abandoned and improved/cured. The accuracy of these two scoring systems, NCIS and SNAPPE-Ⅱ, in predicting the "dead and abandoned" risk was compared. RESULTS: The dead/abandoned group had a significantly higher SNAPPE-Ⅱ score than the improved/cured group (P < 0.001), while there was no significant difference in the NCIS score between the two groups (P=0.091). The children who were in line with the individual indicator in the NCIS results had a significantly higher "dead and abandoned" risk than those who were not (P=0.005). CONCLUSIONS: SNAPPE-Ⅱ is more accurate in early prediction of the "dead and abandoned" risk in critically ill neonates compared with NCIS. NCIS has the ability to predict the "dead and abandoned" risk in children in line with the individual indicator.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a group of stem cells derived from the mesodermal mesenchyme. MSCs can be obtained from a variety of tissues, including bone marrow, umbilical cord tissue, umbilical cord blood, peripheral blood and adipose tissue. Under certain conditions, MSCs can differentiate into many cell types both in vitro and in vivo, including hepatocytes. To date, four main strategies have been developed to induce the transdifferentiation of MSCs into hepatocytes: addition of chemical compounds and cytokines, genetic modification, adjustment of the micro-environment and alteration of the physical parameters used for culturing MSCs. Although the phenomenon of transdifferentiation of MSCs into hepatocytes has been described, the detailed mechanism is far from clear. Generally, the mechanism is a cascade reaction whereby stimulating factors activate cellular signalling pathways, which in turn promote the production of transcription factors, leading to hepatic gene expression. Because MSCs can give rise to hepatocytes, they are promising to be used as a new treatment for liver dysfunction or as a bridge to liver transplantation. Numerous studies have confirmed the therapeutic effects of MSCs on hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis and other liver diseases, which may be related to the differentiation of MSCs into functional hepatocytes. In addition to transdifferentiation into hepatocytes, when MSCs are used to treat liver disease, they may also inhibit hepatocellular apoptosis and secrete various bioactive molecules to promote liver regeneration. In this review, the capacity and molecular mechanism of MSC transdifferentiation, and the therapeutic effects of MSCs on liver diseases are thoroughly discussed.

Objective To study the characteristics of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity and expression of PLA2 subtypes in rat serum and pancreas tissue with an established simple pancreatic trauma model in rats. Methods One hundred and twenty Wistar rats were divided into two groups in a one-to-two ratio: control group and impact group. The two groups were subsequently divided into four subgroups at 6h, 24h, 72h, 7d time point. For the animals in the impact groups, the pancreas was injured by a BIM-Ⅲ biotical impact machine, and the animals in control group were sham injured. The total catalytic activity of PLA2 in serum and pancreatic tissue, the expressions of mRNA and protein and immunohistochemical localization of secretory PLA2 (sPLA2), cytosolic PLA2 (cPLA2) and calcium independent PLA2 (iPLA2) in pancreatic tissue were determined after the corresponding pretreatments in each group. Results The total catalytic activity of PLA2 in serum and pancreatic tissue of impact groups increased at 6h after injury, and the PLA2 activity reached peak value at 24h in pancreatic tissue and at 72h in serum after trauma, and at 7d in serum and pancreatic tissue were still higher than that in control group at the same time (P

Objective To observe the renal protection effect of gastric bypass, and explore its possible mechanism in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats. Methods Forty SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group (n=8) and diabetes model group (n=32). Rats in diabetes model group were injected STZ (35 mg/kg). After the diabetes model was reproduced successfully, they were randomly divided into diabetes control group (n=8), diabetes sham-operation group (n=8) and diabetes operation group (n=14). Roux-en-Y gastric bypass was performed in rats of diabetes operation group. The fasting blood glucose (FBG), renal hypertrophy index (kidney weight/body weight), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Cr), activity of total superoxide dismutase (TSOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), content of malondialdehyde (MDA), activity of aldose reductase (AR) and AR mRNA expression in the kidney were determined 8 weeks after operation. The renal tissue was examined with light microscopy. Results Compared with normal control group, the renal hypertrophy index, FBG, BUN, Cr, content of MDA, activity of AR and AR mRNA expression in the kidney significantly increased in diabetes control group and diabetes sham-operation group, while the activity of TSOD and GSH-PX decreased (P

Objective The aims of this study were to clarify the kinetics of intestinal barrier function impairment in sodium taurocholate-induced severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) models and to explore an appropriate concentration of sodium taurocholate and a suitable time point for further study. Methods In total, 104 rats were randomly divided into four groups: the normal control group (n = 8) receiving no treatment, the sham-operation group (n = 32), the 2.5% and 5% sodium taurocholate-treated SAP groups (n = 32 for each group) which were induced via a retrograde injection of 2.5% or 5% sodium taurocholate into the pancreatic duct. Histological examination, serum D-lactate and endotoxin levels and the incidence of bacteria translocation were recorded to assess the intestinal mucosal injury. Results Pancreatitis models were successfully established in both the 2.5% and 5% sodium taurocholate-treated groups. The dosage of sodium taurocholate used to induce pancreatitis was positively correlated with the degree of intestinal mucosal injury. The most severe damage to intestinal barrier was observed 24 h after surgery in the 2.5% sodium taurocholate-treated group and 48 h after surgery in the 5% sodium taurocholate-treated group, respectively. Conclusion Based on the success rate of the model, the mortality and the impairment of intestinal barrier function, we conclude that 24 h after a retrograde injection of 2.5% sodium taurocholate may be the most appropriate time point to study intestinal barrier injury in SAP rats.

The role of exosomes shed from Mycobacterium avium sp. paratuberculosis-infected macrophages in intercellular communication processes was examined. We compared the responses of resting macrophages infected with M. avium sp. paratuberculosis with those of resting macrophages treated with exosomes previously released from macrophages infected with M. avium sp. paratuberculosis. Some proteins components of exosomes released from resting macrophages infected with M. avium sp. paratuberculosis showed a significantly differential expression compared with exosomes from uninfected-macrophages. Both M. avium sp. paratuberculosis and exosomes from infected-cells enhanced the expression of CD80 and CD86 and the secretion of TNF-α and IFN-γ by macrophages. This suggests that exosomes from infected macrophages may be carriers of molecules, e.g. bacterial antigens and/or components from infected macrophages, that can elicit responses in resting cells. Two-dimensional analysis of the proteins present in exosomes from M. avium sp. paratuberculosis-infected macrophages compared with those from resting cells resulted in the identification by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry of the following differentially expressed proteins: two actin isoforms, guanine nucleotide-binding protein β-1, cofilin-1 and peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A. The possible relevance of the changes observed and the biological functions of the proteins differentially present are discussed.

Cholecystolithiasis is the most common disease treated by general surgery, with an incidence of about 0.15–0.22 %. The most common therapies are open cholecystectomy (OC) or laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). However, with a greater understanding of the function of the cholecyst, more and more patients and surgeons are aware that preserving the functional cholecyst is important for young patients, as well as patients who would not tolerate anesthesia associated with either OC or LC. Based on these considerations, we have introduced a notable, minimally invasive treatment for cholecystolithotomy. We performed a retrospective review of patients with cholecystolithiasis who were unable to tolerate surgery or who insisted on preserving the functional cholecyst. Our particular approach can be simply described as ultrasound-guided percutaneous cholecystostomy combined with a choledochoscope for performing a cholecystolithotomy under local anesthesia. Ten patients with cholecystolithiasis were treated via this approach. All except one patient had their gallbladder stones totally removed under local anesthesia, without the aggressive procedures associated with OC or LC. The maximum number of gallbladder stones removed was 16, and the maximum diameter was 13 mm without lithotripsy. After the minimally invasive surgery, the cholecyst contractile functions of all patients were normal, confirmed via ultrasound after a high-fat diet. Complications such as bile duct injury, biliary fistula, and bleeding occurred significantly less often than with OC and LC. The recurrence rates for each of 2 post-operative years were about 11.11 % (1/9, excluding a failure case) with uncertainty surrounding recurrence or residue, and 22.22 % (2/9, including one non-recurrence patient with follow-up time of 22 months), respectively. Ultrasound-guided percutaneous cholecystostomy combined with choledochoscope is a safe, efficient, and minimally invasive cholecystolithotomy method. We recommend this technique for the management of small stones (less than 15 mm) in high-risk surgical patients.

In order to improve the construction quality of bridge bored pile, combined with the construction experience of the bored pile, bored pile construction management from two aspects and accident treatment are analyzed in detail, gives the method of many useful suggestions and accident treatment, for your reference.

With the project construction supervision and management strengthening and construction market standardization, project quality has been well controlled, but there are still some loose management, supervision, design, short light long construction, low cost, low liability phenomenon, already became influence project to further improve the quality of the six main factors, this paper conducted a comprehensive analysis, and put forward the corresponding proposal.

Objective: To investigate the metabolic effects of open Roux-en Y gastric bypass (RYGB) on pancreatic endocrine reserve in overweight/obese Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes during postoperative year 1. Methods: Retrospective analysis comparing pre- and postoperative results of oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) with determinations of insulin and C-peptide, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and BMI at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months in 99 overweight patients (BMI 26.3 ± 4.0 kg/m2; 59 men) with type 2 diabetes at the General Hospital of Chengdu Military Region. Results: 79 patients (80%) achieved complete remission (maintaining random blood glucose levels < 11.1 mmol/l, fasting blood glucose levels < 7.0 mmol/l, 2-hour OGTT blood glucose levels < 11.1 mmol/l, and glycated hemoglobin < 6.5%). Nine cases (9%) were ‘improved' (reduced medication or diet controlled blood sugar), and 11 cases did not meet either criterion (‘unchanged'). Patients in complete remission were younger and heavier, more often men, had significantly shorter history of diabetes (4.3 ± 3.8 years vs. 7.6 ± 3.8 years, p < 0.05), and exhibited significantly higher fasting and OGTT levels of C-peptide and insulin, and HOMA-IR than the other 2 groups (p < 0.05-0.01). Conclusion: Open gastric bypass achieved complete remission of type 2 diabetes in Chinese overweight/obese, heavier, younger, predominantly male patients with shorter duration of disease exhibiting greater pancreatic endocrine reserve.

Objectives To explore the possible role of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in lowering inflammation markers in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods PubMed, CNKI and Cochrane databases were searched until December 30, 2015; references from papers or reviews were also retrieved and screened. Screening was performed by two independent researchers, and randomized controlled trials reporting the specific n-3 PUFA type, dose, frequency, and duration of treatment, as well as the baseline and follow-up concentrations of inflammation markers, including interleukin 2 (IL-2), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and C-reactive protein (CRP), were selected for final analysis. Data analysis was performed using RevMan 5.2 software. Results Eight studies involving 955 participants were included; all reported CRP. Only one included study reported IL-2 or IL-6 while two studies reported TNF-α. N-3 PUFAs significantly reduced CRP concentration compared with control [SMD 95 % CI, 1.90 (0.64, 3.16), Z = 2.96, P = 0.003, random effect model]. Conclusions N-3 PUFAs decrease CRP concentration in type-2 diabetes mellitus. However, larger and rigorously designed RCTs are required to confirm this finding and extend it into other inflammatory biomarkers. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12944-016-0303-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Liver regeneration is usually attributed to mature hepatocytes, which possess a remarkable potential to proliferate under mild to moderate injury. However, when the liver is severely damaged or hepatocyte proliferation is greatly inhibited, liver stem/progenitor cells (LSPCs) will contribute to the liver regeneration process. LSPCs in the developing liver have been extensively characterized, however, their contributing role to liver regeneration has not been completely understood. In addition to the restoration of the liver parenchymal tissue by hepatocytes or/and LSPCs, or in some cases bone marrow (BM) derived cells, such as hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), the wound healing after injury in terms of angiopoiesis by liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) or/and sinusoidal endothelial progenitor cells (SEPCs) is another important aspect taking place during regeneration. To conclude, liver regeneration can be mainly divided into three distinct restoring levels according to the cause and severity of injury: hepatocyte dominant regeneration, LSPCs mediated regeneration, extrahepatic stem cells participative regeneration. In this review, we focus on the recent findings of liver regeneration, especially on those related to stem/progenitor cells (SPCs)-mediated regeneration and their potential clinical applications and challenges.

In this review, several interlinking issues related to cancer stem cells (CSCs) in malignant solid tumors are sequentially discussed.A literature search was performed using PubMed, Web of Science and the Cochrane library, combining the words CSCs, solid tumor, isolation, identification, origination, therapy, target and epithelial-mesenchymal transition.Because a primary problem is the isolation of CSCs, we first analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of recently used methods, which were mostly based on the physical or immunochemical characteristics of CSCs. Once CSCs are isolated, they should be identified by their stem cell properties. Here, we suggest how to establish a standard identification strategy. We also focused on the origination hypotheses of CSCs. The supporting molecular mechanisms for each theory were thoroughly analyzed and integrated. Especially, epithelial- mesenchymal transition is an increasingly recognized mechanism to generate CSCs that are endowed with a more invasive and metastatic phenotype. Finally, we discuss putative strategies of eliminating CSCs as effective cancer therapies.After several interlocking issues of CSCs are thoroughly clarified, these CSCs in solid malignant tumors may specifically be targeted, which raises a new hope for eliminating these tumors.

We report the effect of an immunomodulatory and anti-mycobacterial naphthoquinone, lapachol, on the bi-dimensional patterns of protein expression of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)-agonised and IFN-γ-treated THP-1 macrophages. This non-hypothesis driven proteomic analysis intends to shed light on the cellular functions lapachol may be affecting. Proteins of both cytosol and membrane fractions were analysed. After quantification of the protein spots, the protein levels corresponding to macrophages activated in the absence or presence of lapachol were compared. A number of proteins were identified, the levels of which were appreciably and significantly increased or decreased as a result of the action of lapachol on the activated macrophages: cofilin-1, fascin, plastin-2, glucose-6-P-dehydrogenase, adenylyl cyclase-associated protein 1, pyruvate kinase, sentrin-specific protease 6, cathepsin B, cathepsin D, cytosolic aminopeptidase, proteasome β type-4 protease, tryptophan-tRNA ligase, DnaJ homolog and protein disulphide isomerase. Altogether, the comparative analysis performed indicates that lapachol could be hypothetically causing an impairment of cell migration and/or phagocytic capacity, an increase in NADPH availability, a decrease in pyruvate concentration, protection from proteosomal protein degradation, a decrease in lysosomal protein degradation, an impairment of cytosolic peptide generation, and an interference with NOS2 activation and grp78 function. The present proteomic results suggest issues that should be experimentally addressed ex- and in-vivo, to establish more accurately the potential of lapachol as an anti-infective drug. This study also constitutes a model for the pre-in-vivo evaluation of drug actions.

Cell transplantation is efficient method to therapy end-stage liver disease (ESLD). How to punctually induce stem cell differentiation into hepatocyte is still a challenge. Notch plays important roles in embryonic development and cell differentiation. However, during the differentiation process from fetal liver stem/progenitor cells (FLSPCs) to mature hepatocytes, the contribution of Notch, especially which Notch receptor is primarily responsible, is unknown. First, specific Notch receptor responsible for FLSPCs differentiation was identified. On both tissue level and cell level, we found that Notch3 was the only receptor greater expressed in liver tissue at embryonic day (ED) 14 and FLSPCs, compared with the adult liver and BRL cells, respectively. Second, morphological phenotypic and functional aspects were analyzed to evaluate whether Notch inhibition by GSIs (γ-secretase inhibitors, inhibitor of Notch) promotes the differentiation of FLSPCs into hepatocytes. Results showed that N-[N-(3, 5-Difluorophenacetyl)-L-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester (DAPT) as GSIs was able to induce FLSPCs differentiation into hepatocytes. The differentiated FLSPCs showed similar morphology to mature hepatocytes, expressed hepatic markers indicative of a mature developmental stage, and displayed similar functionality to mature hepatocytes. The differentiation efficiency by GSIs was similar to that by hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) induction. More specifically, as the differentiation of FLSPCs progressed towards hepatocytes, the expression of Notch3 was gradually down-regulated, consistent with the down-regulation of other stem cell markers. These findings imply that Notch3 may not only be a regulator of FLSPCs differentiation into hepatocytes, but also be a potential marker of FLSPCs.

To realize highly selective recognition of oxalate in water, a new chemosensing ensemble that behaves highly selective colorimetric recognition of oxalate in water at pH 7.4 has been developed. The ensemble was constructed by a pyrrole containing mononuclear copper complex and chromeazurol S. The ensemble shows a highly selective recognition of oxalate through an obvious color change from blue to yellow upon the addition of oxalate, whereas, other dicarboxylates such as malonate, succinate, fumarate, maleate, glutarate, adipate, phthalate, isophthalate and terephthalate do not induce any noticeable color changes. The oxalate recognition process is not significantly affected by other coexisting dicarboxylate.

Five new complexes were synthesized by the reaction of 4'-methoxy-5,7-dihydroxy-isoflavone ligand (a) with transition metal ions zinc (Zn(2+)) (complex b), manganese (Mn(2+)) (complex c), copper (Cu(2+)) (complex d), cobalt (Co(2+)) (complex e) and nickel (Ni(2+)) (complex f). The composition of the complexes has been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, mass spectrometry (MS) and (1)H NMR spectrometric techniques. Their antitumor properties were evaluated against five human cancer cell lines using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and flow cytometry. The results indicated that the complexes possess higher growth inhibitory effects than free isoflavone and corresponding metal ions. Complex c and f showed greater antitumor activity and selectivity than other described complexes, even more effective than the positive control cisplatin against the selected cell lines. In addition, DNA flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that complexes display a significant G(2)/M phase arrest, which then progressed to early apoptosis as detected by flow cytometry after double-staining with annexin V and propidium iodide (PI).

Li-Tao Cheng1, Li-Jun Tang1,2, Hui-Min Chen1,3, Wen Tang1, Tao Wang11Division of Nephrology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; 2Division of Nephrology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji’nan, China; 3Division of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, ChinaBackground: Hypoalbuminemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular events and mortality in dialysis patients, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Meanwhile, increased pulse wave velocity (PWV), the marker of arterial stiffness, has been proved to be an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease. The relationship between serum albumin and PWV in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients (CAPD) was studied.Methods: Sixty-two CAPD patients were studied. The average age was 63 ± 12 years and dialysis duration was 23 ± 22 months. Serum albumin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and carotid-femoral PWV were measured.Results: Among these patients, 43.5% were men. The mean serum albumin concentration was 37 ± 4 g/L and PWV was 11.9 ± 2.3 m/s. PWV positively correlated with age (r = 0.35, P < 0.01), diabetes (yes = 1, no = 0; r = 0.292, P < 0.05), systolic blood pressure (SBP; r = 0.493, P < 0.001) and CRP (r = 0.295, P < 0.05), but negatively correlated with serum albumin (r = −0.357, P < 0.01). In multiple regression analysis, SBP (β = 0.615, P < 0.001), age (β = 0.414, P < 0.01), albumin (β = −0.315, P < 0.05) and total cholesterol (β = 0.275, P < 0.05) were independent determinants of PWV. In a non-inflamed subgroup (CRP < 3 mg/L, n = 30), albumin still negatively correlated with PWV (r = −0.66, P < 0.001).Conclusion: Serum albumin inversely correlated with increased PWV in CAPD patients, suggesting that increased arterial stiffness might be the link between hypoalbuminemia and increased cardiovascular mortality in dialysis patients.Keywords: hypoalbuminemia, cardiovascular events, pulse wave velocity, arterial stiffness, peritoneal dialysis

Background/Aim: Volume overload is believed to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of hypertension in dialysis patients. Although the extracellular water (ECW) content in hypertensive dialysis patients was significantly higher than in normotensive dialysis patients on the whole, there was considerable overlap in ECW between the two groups. Little is known about the hemodynamic characteristics in subgroups of patients with normotension but a high volume (HV) status or with hypertension but a normal volume (NV) status. We investigate the overlap in ECW between controlled and uncontrolled hypertension in dialysis patients. Methods: Fifty-two patients (mean age 62 years, 26 males and 26 females) on peritoneal dialysis were enrolled into this study. The ECW was assessed by bioimpedance analysis and normalized by individual height in meters (NECW). The mean value of NECW in both sexes was arbitrarily set to define NV status (lower than mean value) or HV status (higher than mean value). All patients were thus divided into four subgroups: controlled hypertension with NV (CHT-NV), controlled hypertension with HV (CHT-HV), uncontrolled hypertension with NV (UHT-NV) and uncontrolled hypertension with HV (UHT-HV). The stroke volume, cardiac output and total peripheral resistance were echocardiographically measured and their respective indices were calculated. Results: There were 12 (23%), 8 (15%), 14 (27%) and 18 (35%) patients in the CHT-NV, CHT-HV, UHT-NV and UHT-HV subgroups, respectively. The four subgroups were matched for sex, diabetes and age. The NECW in the CHT-HV group was higher than that in CHT-NV and UHT-NV groups (p < 0.01), but was comparable with that in the UHT-HV group. The stroke volume and cardiac output indices in the CHT-HV group were not significantly different from those in the CHT-NV and UHT-NV groups. The total peripheral resistance index in the CHT-HV group was lower than that in UHT-NV and CHT-NV groups (p < 0.05), but was comparable to that in the UHT-HV group. There was no difference in heart rate among the four groups. Conclusions: The overlap in ECW between controlled hypertension and uncontrolled hypertension in dialysis patients was related to a significant difference in total peripheral resistance index, but not to significant differences in stroke volume and cardiac output indices. The CHT-HV patients were characterized by lower total peripheral resistance indices.

Background: While a high blood pressure (BP) in patients receiving maintenance ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is associated with congestive heart failure and an increased mortality, the relevance of diurnal variations in BP is unknown. Methods:In a prospective study, we enrolled 76 prevalent patients receiving stable CAPD (age 60.4 ± 13.8 years; 37 males). BP was measured over 24 h using an automated device. We also performed routine clinical and biochemical measurements, as well as the Karnofsky index to evaluate physical activity. Volume status was assessed using bioimpedance analysis. Results: 69 patients (with an average time on dialysis of 24.4 ± 22.5 months) completed the study. Of these, 16 patients experienced a drop in BP >10% at night (dippers), while 53 patients did not (non-dippers). Comparing these two groups, dippers had significantly lower extracellular water (ECW) (13.8 ± 2.1 vs. 15.9 ± 3.3 l; p < 0.05), normalized extracellular water (nECW) (0.22 ± 0.05 vs. 0.26 ± 0.04 l/m; p < 0.05), and serum albumin (38.2 ± 2.9 vs. 35.9 ± 3.7 g/l; p < 0.05). Age, Karnofsky index, vintage, residual renal Kt/V and peritoneal Kt/V, total Kt/V, dose of antihypertensive drugs, mean systolic and diastolic BP did not significantly differ between these groups. Correlation analysis showed the coefficient of variation (CV) of BP positively correlated with E/T (r2 = 0.292; p < 0.05), diabetic (r2 = 0.267; p < 0.05), male (r2 = 0.257; p < 0.05), nECW (r2 = 0.278; p < 0.05) and ECW (r2 = 0.249; p < 0.05) negatively correlated with albumin (r2 = –0.280; p < 0.05). Furthermore, in a multivariate linear regression model, E/T, albumin and sex were independently associated with CV for BP. Conclusions: We show that reduced BP variation is common in CAPD patients and associated with volume overload and hypoalbuminemia. Furthermore, the relationship between nutritional, inflammatory status and dipping needs further studies.

Background/Aims: The optimal dose of renal replacement therapy (RRT) in acute renal failure (ARF) is uncertain. Methods: The Randomized Evaluation of Normal versus Augmented Level Replacement Therapy Trial tests the hypothesis that higher dose continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) at an effluent rate of 40 ml/kg/h will increase survival compared to CVVHDF at 25 ml/kg/h of effluent dose. Results: This trial is currently randomizing critically ill patients in 35 intensive care units in Australia and New Zealand with a planned sample size of 1,500 patients. This trial will be the largest trial ever conducted on acute blood purification in critically ill patients. Conclusion: A trial of this magnitude and with demanding technical requirements poses design difficulties and challenges in the logistics, conduct, data collection, data analysis and monitoring. Our report will assist in the development of future trials of blood purification in intensive care. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00221013).

Background: A high peritoneal transport status in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients is associated with a markedly increased morbidity and mortality. While the causes are as yet unknown, overall the proportion of deaths due to cardiovascular disease is estimated at 40–50% among dialysis patients. Arterial stiffness has been established as a cardiovascular risk factor, while the links between peritoneal transport status and aortic stiffness have not yet been investigated. Methods: We included 65 prevalent CAPD patients (24 males/41 females) from our center in a cross-sectional study. Arterial stiffness was assessed by brachial pulse pressure (PP) and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (C-F PWV). The patients’ peritoneal fluid transport was assessed by kinetic modeling. The patients’ peritoneal small solute transport rate was assessed by D/Pcr at 4 h. Extracellular water to total body water (E/T) ratio was assessed by means of bioimpedance analysis. C-reactive protein was also measured. Results: C-F PWV was positively correlated with patients’ age (r = 0.489, p < 0.01), diabetic status (r = 0.327, p < 0.01), peritoneal fluid absorption rate (Ke; r = 0.251, p < 0.05), PP (r = 0.483, p < 0.01), and E/T (r = 0.517, p < 0.01). Multivariate regression analysis showed that C-F PWV was independently related to E/T (p < 0.01), PP (p < 0.01), age (p < 0.05), and Ke (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Peritoneal fluid transport (Ke), as well as E/T, age and PP were found to be independent predictors of elevated C-F PWV in CAPD patients, suggesting that there might be a link between high aortic stiffness and increased Ke rate, hypothetically through generalized vasculopathy.

Background In our previous study,we found that DAZAP2 was the most significantly down regulated gene when differential screening of complementary DNA(cDNA)chips were used to analyze mRNA isolated from bone marrow mononuclear cells from newly diagnosed multiple myeloma(MM)patients without anticancer treatment.In this study,we observed DAZAP2 mRNA and protein expression in the mononuclear cells from MM bone marrow and investigated its role in the pathogenesis of MM. Methods The full-length cDNA of DAZAP2 was cloned and sequenced from mononuclear cells from human bone marrow.The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of DAZAP2 were analyzed using the ClustalW program.A dendrogram was constructed by multiple sequence alignment using ClustalW and amino acid sequence identity/similarity was derived based on comparisons attained using the MegAlign software.The recombinant pEGFP expression vector was constructed and the confocal microscopy was used for the localization of the DAZAP2 protein in transfected COS7 cells.The expression of DAZAP2 mRNA was detected by semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the expression level of DAZAP2 protein was detected by Western blotting analysis in MM samples. Results DAZAP2 proteins of vertebrates is highly conserved in evolution.It contains a proline-rich region,several potential SH2 and SH3 domain-binding motifs and a possible protein kinase C (PKC) phosphorylation site.We showed by confocal microscopy that the DAZAP2 protein predominantly resides in the cytoplasm with a discrete pattern of punctuated distribution.The expression of DAZAP2 was not detected in 24 of 36 MM samples by semi-quantitative RT-PCR.In contrast,DAZAP2 expression was detected in all 30 normal controls.The expression level of DAZAP2 protein was assayed by Western blotting analysis,showing a robust down-regulation in MM patients (P0.001) that matched with the results of the RT-PCR. Conclusions DAZAP2 is downregulated in MM samples and it may be a signal molecule in MM cells.DAZAP2 is involved in the pathogenesis of MM and could be used as a genetic marker for MM. Chin Med J 2007;120(19):1659-1665

The pathophysiology of vaginal conditions is still ill-defined at a molecular level. Because the proteome of the human cervical-vaginal fluid (CVF) has not been reported to date, we undertook the identification of proteins present in the cell-free fraction of these fluids. Proteins were separated bidimensionally (2-D) by isoelectrofocusing (pH 3-11) followed by SDS-polyacrylamide electrophoresis. The proteins of 147 spots were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization-time-offlight- mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF). This approach was supplemented by immunoassays for markers of neutrophils (myeloperoxidase, MPO; neutrophil gelatinase- associated lipocalin, NGAL/HNL) and eosinophils (eosinophil cationic protein: ECP) and by immunoblotting (lactoferrin, calgranulins A and B and annexins A1 and A3. Nearly half of the proteins (69/147) and protein fragments detected were found to be plasma components, on the basis of which the human CVF can be broadly considered a plasma transudate. Although the pattern of protein spots was very similar for all fluids analyzed, a relative overabundance of major plasma proteins such as albumin, transferrin, immunoglobulins, apolipoproteins, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1, and calgranulins was associated with the presence of a high number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the lavages from which those cell-free fluids had been obtained. Instead, fluids from women experiencing vulvovaginal candidiasis did not show differences in the protein maps compared with asymptomatic individuals. Neutrophil and eosinophil granule secretion proteins were also detected in variable amounts in the lavage fluids by both immunoassay and immunoblotting, indicating polymorphonuclear cell activation. Keywords: cervical-vaginal fluid ¥ plasma proteins ¥ neutrophil and eosinophil activation

To observe the toxicity of fangyouling after one month' s transdermal administration in rabbits and evaluate its security.Forty rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups including a control group and low, middle and high dose groups of fangyouling. The rabbits in the control group were administered with sunflower oil, and the other rabbits were administrated dermally with fangyouling of 50,300 and 2,000 mg/kg respectively once a day for 4 weeks. The general condition, the skin irritation reaction, body weight, food consumption, hematology, blood biochemistry, organ coefficients and histopathological changes of all the rabbits were observed.There was no obvious effect on the general condition in all the rabbits. However, the mild skin irritation was observed in 2 rabbits of the middle dose group and 4 rabbits of the high-dose group. The decreases of body weight and food consumption were noted in the high dose group. No changes were detected of hematology, blood biochemistry or viscera pathological at all dose levels.The dose of non-toxic response of fangyouling is 50 mg/kg at this study condition.

Yi Pan,1,2,* Hou-gang Zhou,1,* Hui Zhou,3 Min Hu,1 Li-jun Tang2 1Clinical Laboratory, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China; 2Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China; 3Tumor Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’sRepublic of China *These authors contributed equally tothis work Abstract: Apolipoprotein M (ApoM) is predominantly located in the high-density lipoprotein in human plasma. It has been demonstrated that ApoM expression could be regulated by several crucial nuclear receptors that are involved in the bile acid metabolism. In the present study, by combining gene-silencing experiments, overexpression studies, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, we showed that ApoM positively regulated liver receptor homolog-1 (LRH-1) gene expression via direct binding to an LRH-1 promoter region (nucleotides -406/-197). In addition, we investigated the effects of farnesoid X receptor agonist GW4064 on hepatic ApoM expression in vitro. In HepG2 cell cultures, both mRNA and protein levels of ApoM and LRH-1 were decreased in a time-dependent manner in the presence of 1 µM GW4064, and the inhibition effect was gradually attenuated after 24 hours. In conclusion, our findings present supportive evidence that ApoM is a regulator of human LRH-1 transcription, and further reveal the importance of ApoM as a critical regulator of bile acids metabolism. Keywords: bile acids, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, farnesoid X receptor, GW4064, high-density lipoprotein&nbsp

Background Pancreatitis induced by hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) has gained much attention. However, very limited numbers of studies have focused on the clinical significance of TG elevation in non-HTG induced pancreatitis, such as acute biliary pancreatitis (ABP). This study aimed to study the clinical significances of triglyceride (TG) elevation in patients with ABP. Methods We retrospectively analyzed a total of 426 ABP cases in our research center. According to the highest TG level within 72 h of disease onset, the patients were divided into a normal TG group and an elevated TG group. We analyzed the differences between the two groups of patients in aspects such as general information, disease severity, APACHE II (acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II) and Ranson scores, inflammatory cytokines, complications and prognosis. Results Compared with the normal TG group, patients in the elevated TG group showed a significantly higher body mass index and were significantly younger. TG elevation at the early stage of ABP was associated with higher risk of severe pancreatitis and organ failures, especially respiratory failure. For patients with severe pancreatitis, those with elevated TG levels were more likely to have a larger area of necrosis, and higher incidence of pancreatic abscess as well as higher mortality (17.78% versus 9.80%, P

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are evolutionarily conserved and naturally abundant molecules of single-stranded, non-coding RNA from ∼17 to 25 nucleotides long. MiRNAs act at post-transcriptional level either to suppress gene translation or to induce mRNA degradation, according to the degree of complementarity with their target sequences. MiR-155 is a typical representative of the miRNA family that plays a crucial role in cell differentiation and organism development. A number of studies have shown that miR-155 can not only regulate cell proliferation, apoptosis and lymphoma progression, but also plays an important part in various other physiological and pathological processes. For instance, it is involved in hematopoietic cell differentiation, cardiovascular disease, inflammation and immune responses. In recent years, the role of miR-155 in infectious diseases has attracted considerable attention. This review will highlight the participation of miR-155 in the responses to infections caused by different pathogens.

Background: A seasonal variation in blood pressure (BP) has been observed in hemodialysis and renal transplant patients. However, this phenomenon in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients, whose hemodynamics are different from hemodialysis patients, has not been reported before. In addition, the contribution of extracellular water (ECW) in the seasonal variation in BP is not clear. Methods: All stable CAPD patients (n = 122) dialyzed in a single center from January 1, 2003 to December 12, 2004 were studied. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), weight and ECW (by bioimpedance analysis) were measured in every patient. Climatic data were obtained from the Beijing Weather Bureau. These data were pooled together and grouped according to the calendar month. Results: In general, an apparent seasonal variation in BP was observed in CAPD patients. BP began to decrease from spring and reached the lowest level in summer, then increased from autumn and reached its peak in winter. The seasonal variation in BP in male patients was similar to that in female patients, but in comparison to non-diabetic patients there was no apparent seasonal variation in the BP of diabetic patients. SBP and DBP negatively correlated with the average atmospheric temperature (r = –0.768, p < 0.001 and r = –0.764, p < 0.001, respectively). BP also negatively correlated with rainfall and humidity, but this correlation disappeared when temperature was controlled in partial correlation analysis. Weight and ECW fluctuated throughout the year but showed no seasonal variation. Conclusion: On the whole there was an apparent seasonal variation in blood pressure in CAPD patients. As opposed to non-diabetic patients, there was no apparent seasonal variation in BP in diabetic patients. The seasonal variation in BP was influenced more by temperature than rainfall and humidity, and the change in ECW was not seasonal, suggesting that other mechanisms such as total peripheral resistance might play a more important role in this phenomenon.

Summary Polymorphisms of transferrin (Tf), pre-albumin (Pa), haemopexin (Hpx), ceruloplasmin (Cp) and amylase (Am) of Duroc pigs and Hunan indigenous pigs were investigated using horizontal starch gel electrophoresis. Allele frequencies of Durocs determined in 2004 were compared with frequencies presented in the paper by Baker L.N. (1968) Serum protein variation in Duroc and Hampshire pigs. Vox Sanguinis15, 154–8. The number of serum protein alleles decreased over time and allele frequencies aggregated across certain alleles, including Tf B, PaA, Hpx3, CpB and AmB. Differences in allele frequencies, average heterozygosities and standard genetic distances between the Duroc pigs and Hunan indigenous pig populations were examined. The relationship between Durocs and Hunan indigenous pigs was found to be more distant than those among the three Hunan indigenous pig populations.

Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy of gastric bypass surgery in non-obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: Clinical data of 58 non-obese patients with type 2 diabetes (body mass index range from 22.1-25.8 kg/m2) were collected one year after gastric bypass surgery. Collected parameters included fasting plasma glucose, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 and 2-hour postprandial plasma glucagon-like peptide-1. The insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR = fasting plasma glucose × fasting serum insulin/22.5) and the body mass index were calculated. Results: Of the 58 patients, 48 had stopped taking all hypoglycemic drug treatments and had achieved complete remission (82.8%). Seven patients were unable to completely withdraw from hypoglycemic agents, although their intake of drugs was reduced at least 50% compared to pre-surgical values (12.0%). Three of the cases showed no significant change in blood glucose after surgery (5.2%). In addition, values for fasting plasma glucose, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and HOMA-IR significantly decreased after surgery. Values for fasting plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 and 2-hour postprandial plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 significantly increased after surgery, and the body mass index at the sixth post-operative month were significantly lower than pre-operative. Conclusion: For non-obese patients with type 2 diabetes, gastric bypass surgery has a significant clinical effect. Potential mechanisms include improvements in insulin resistance and/or increased endogenous intestinal glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion leading to improved insulin secretion.

Due to unsatisfying prognosis of AFP for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we aim to evaluate the prognostic value of combination of exosomes and miRNAs in detecting HCC. HCC was induced with diethylnitrosamine in rats and using a scoring system based on histological examination six different stages (normal liver, degeneration, fibrosis, cirrhosis, early HCC and late HCC) were identified in the development of HCC. The expression levels of AFP, exosomes and miRNAs (miRNA-10b, miRNA-21, miRNA-122 and miRNA-200a) were detected in both tissue and blood samples from those six stages. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was conducted to evaluate the power of each parameter and their different combinations in diagnosing HCC or cirrhosis. A change in the expression of both exosomes and miRNAs was observed during cirrhosis, which in contrast with AFP starts showing up until the early HCC stage. Interestingly, the expressions of exosomes and the selected four miRNAs at early HCC stage obtained more remarkably alterations than the level of AFP (P

The efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided abdominal paracentesis drainage ahead of percutaneous catheter drainage as the new second step of a step-up approach are evaluated.The observed parameters were compared between groups including mortality, infection, organ failure, inflammatory factor levels, indexes of further interventions, and drainage-related complications.This retrospective study included 102 consecutive patients with acute pancreatitis from June 2009 to June 2011.In this step-up approach, all patients subsequently received medical management, percutaneous catheter drainage (with or without previous abdominal paracentesis drainage), and necrosectomy if necessary according to indications. The patients were divided into two groups: 53 cases underwent abdominal paracentesis drainage followed by percutaneous catheter drainage (abdominal paracentesis drainage + percutaneous catheter drainage group) and 49 cases were managed only with percutaneous catheter drainage (percutaneous catheter drainage-alone group).The demographic data and severity scores of the two groups were comparable. The mortality rate was lower in the abdominal paracentesis drainage + percutaneous catheter drainage group (0%) than the percutaneous catheter drainage-alone group (8.2%) (p = 0.050). Compared with the percutaneous catheter drainage-alone group, the laboratory variables of the abdominal paracentesis drainage + percutaneous catheter drainage group decreased more rapidly, the mean number of failed organs was lower, and the interval from the onset of disease to further interventions was much longer. However, there was no significant difference in the prevalence and duration of infections between the two groups.Application of abdominal paracentesis drainage ahead of percutaneous catheter drainage is safe and beneficial to patients by reducing inflammatory factors, postponing further interventions, and delaying or avoiding multiple organ failure.

Objective: This study was initiated to evaluate the effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery on renal gluconeogenesis in type 2 diabetic rats and its relationship with hormonal parameters. Methods: Diabetic rats were induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ; 35 mg/kg) combined with a high-fat diet. They were then randomly divided into three groups: diabetes model group (DM group, n = 8), sham Roux-en-Y gastric bypass group (SRYGB group, n = 8), and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass group (RYGB group, n = 14). Another 8 normal rats comprised the normal control group (NC group, n = 8). Body weight, glucose, serum lipid, insulin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), leptin, and adiponectin were measured pre- and postoperatively. Glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), insulin receptor-α (IR-α), insulin receptor-β (IR-β), and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (Gsk3b) were measured in renal cortex by using RT-PCR and Western immune-blot analyses on the 4th week after operation. Results: Following RYGB surgery, surgery-treated rats showed significantly improved oral glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance as well as increased post-gavage insulin levels and serum circulating levels of GLP-1 and adiponectin. RT-PCR and Western immune-blot analyses showed PEPCK and G6Pase protein and mRNA to be significantly decreased in the renal cortex in the RYGB group (p < 0.05 vs. DM or SRYGB group); in addition, IR-α and Gsk3b phosphorylation levels increased in the RYGB group (p < 0.05 vs. DM or SRYGB group). Conclusion: Down-regulation of renal gluconeogenic enzymes might be a potential mechanism in hypoglycemia. An improved insulin signal pathway in the renal cortex and increased circulating adiponectin concentrations may contribute to the decline of renal gluconeogenesis following RYGB surgery.

To evaluate the effect of Jatropha seed oils extracted by different methods on killing cercaria of Schistosomajaponicum so as to screen the optimum process and formulations.The cercaria directly contacting tests with Jatropha seed oils extracted by 6 different extraction processes were carried out, and the mouse immediate contacting cercaria infection trials with different formulations of Jatropha seed oil and various additives were performed.With 95% ethanol, the ratio of material to liquid being 1:8, and 2 h extraction, the oil extraction rate was 30.7%. The cercaria directly contacting tests showed that 6 kinds of Jatropha seed oil killed all cercaria within 30 min. In the mouse immediate contacting cercaria infection trials, the worm declined rate of Jatropha seed oil liquid was 70.97%, and the worm declined rate of the sample added with benzyl benzoate was 58.87%, and the worm declined rate of the sample added with laurocapram was 77.42%. The worm declined rate of the samples added with benzyl benzoate, dibutyl phthalate and laurocapram was 100%.The process with 95% ethanol, the ratio of material to liquid being 1:8, and 2 h extraction is the optimum, and the Jatropha seed oil has a good killing schistosome cercaria effect.