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Background: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) contains various cytokines and growth factors that may be beneficial to the healing process of injured muscle. Based on the authors’ previous study, PRP releasate can promote proliferation and migration of skeletal muscle cells in vitro, so animal studies are performed to support the use of PRP to treat muscle injury in vivo. Purpose: To investigate the effect of PRP releasate on regeneration of injured muscle, as well as its effect on inflammatory reaction and cell apoptosis, in the early stages of the muscle-healing process. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: The gastrocnemius muscles of Sprague-Dawley rats were injured by partial transverse incision and then treated with PRP releasate. Hematoxylin and eosin stain was used to evaluate the healing process of injured muscle at 2, 5, and 10 days after injury. TUNEL assay was used to evaluate the cell apoptosis of injured muscle after PRP releasate treatment. Immunohistochemistry was used to stain the CD68-positive cells during the healing process. Muscle contractile properties, including fast-twitch and tetanic strength, were evaluated by electric stimulation. Results: The results revealed that PRP releasate treatment could enhance the muscle-healing process and decrease CD68-positive cells and apoptotic cells. Furthermore, the tetanic strength was significantly higher in injured muscle treated with PRP releasate. Conclusion: In conclusion, PRP releasate could enhance the healing process of injured muscle and decrease inflammatory cell infiltration as well as cell apoptosis. Clinical Relevance: PRP promotes skeletal muscle healing in association with decreasing inflammation and apoptosis of injured skeletal muscle. These findings provide in vivo evidence to support the use of PRP to treat muscle injury.

Jiangxi province comprehensive docking the national strategy of the Belt and Road and the Yangtze River economical belt during the period of 12th Five-Year Plan in china, it not only promoted the rapid development of listed companies in Jiangxi province, but also affected the capital structure of listed companies in Jiangxi province. Research shows that: Firstly, scale of capital structure of listed companies in Jiangxi province is significantly positive correlation. Secondly, asset collateral value of the capital structure of listed companies in Jiangxi province is significantly positive correlation. Thirdly, Enterprise's profit ability of capital structure of listed companies in Jiangxi province is significantly negative correlation. Finally, liquidity of capital structure of listed companies in Jiangxi province is significantly negative correlation. The research conclusions and suggestions in this paper can provide a reference for the capital operation of listed companies in Jiangxi province.

Highly efficient decontamination of heavily toxic Cr

In the present study, eleven ursane triterpenoids (1—11), seven oleanane triterpenoids (12—18), one lupine sapogenin (19) as well as two sterols (20 and 21) were obtained from Ilex pubescens under the anti-platelet activity-oriented isolation. Among them, compounds 2 and 4 were isolated from I. pubescens for the first time, while the isolation of the compounds 12, 15, 16 and 17 was a new finding in the Aquifoliaceae family. Our present study exhibited the taxonomic relationships (similarities and differences) between I. pubescens and some other species of genus Ilex. The result also suggested that triterpenoids are the anti-platelet components which may be fingerprints and serve as biomarkers for seeking alternative sources for I. pubescens.

Exopeptidases such as aminopeptidases and carboxypeptidases are believed to contribute to the formation of free amino acids during postmortem storage and the processing of meat. In order to understand the role of aminopeptidases in the generation of amino acids and formation of flavor compounds in Chinese traditional salted fish, an aminopeptidase was purified and characterized from black carp muscle. The peptide mass fingerprinting of this enzyme suggested that it was a puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate fractionation and three chromatographies. Puromycin was further confirmed as a competitive inhibitor with K i value of 0.25 μM. The 100-kDa enzyme preferentially hydrolyzed substrate Lys-MCA with optimum temperature and pH at 40 °C and 7.5, respectively. At the concentration of 3.2% NaCl and 5% ethanol, the enzyme remained 58.5% and 87.5% of its initial activity, respectively. The aminopeptidase(s) activity decreased slowly and remained 41.1% of its initial activity even after 12 days salting of black carp muscle. These results suggest the possible contribution of fish aminopeptidases to free amino acid formation and flavor generation in Chinese traditional salted fish.

The water-soluble ZnSe:Ag quantum dots were synthesized in aqueous medium by chemical co-precipitation method with L-cysteine as surface modifier. The crystal structure and optical properties of the obtained ZnSe:Ag quantum dots have been characterized by X-ray power diffraction, infrared spectrum, UV-Vis absorption spectrum and photoluminescence spectrum. Results indicate that ZnSe:Ag quantum dots belong to the cubic blende structure and have good fluorescent characteristics. The L-cysteine modified on the surface of ZnSe:Ag quantum dots renders the quantum dots water-soluble, biocompatible.

The formation of inclusion in Ti–Al complex deoxidized C–Mn steel was investigated. When Al content in steel is very low ([Al]=0.0005%), for 0.003% 2 O 3 –SiO 2 –MnO–TiO x composite inclusion; for [Ti]≥0.009%, the inclusion is TiO x in the steel. When [Ti]=0.005%, [Al] 2 O 3 –SiO 2 –MnO–TiO x composite inclusion; while [Al]>0.006%, inclusions would be pure Al 2 O 3 . The experimental results agree with the thermodynamics conclusions.

To make more effective use of underutilized resources, pepsin-solubilized collagen (PSC) was successfully extracted from the skin of black carp (Mylopharyngdon piceus) with a yield of 45.7% based on dry weight. The PSC comprising two identical α1-chains and one α2-chain with no disulfide bond was characterized as type I, and it contained 195 imino acid residues vs. 1000 amino acid residues. The collagen showed an absorption edge around 218 nm, which was lower than the maximum absorption wavelength of other PSC. The denaturation temperature of PSC was 25.6°C, which was lower than that of porcine collagen by approximately 11°C. The isoelectric point (pI) was estimated to be 8.23, and the collagen was soluble at an acidic pH as well as below 40 g/L NaCl. It is thought that the high yield and stability of PSC from the skin of black carp warrant its application as a new source of collagen for industrial purposes.

A label-free non-aggregation colorimetric sensor has been designed for the detection of Cu(2+), based on Cu(2+) catalyzing etching of gold nanorods (AuNRs) along longitudinal axis induced by dissolve oxygen in the presence of S2O3(2-), which caused the aspect ratio (length/width) of AuNRs to decrease and the color of the solution to distinctly change. The linear range and the detection limit (LD, calculated by 10 Sb/k, n=11) of this sensor were 0.080-4.8 µM Cu(2+) and 0.22 µM Cu(2+), respectively. This sensor has been utilized to detect Cu(2+) in tap water and human serum samples with the results agreeing well with those of inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS), showing its remarkable practicality. In order to prove the possibility of catalyzing AuNRs non-aggregation colorimetric sensor for the detection of Cu(2+), the morphological structures of AuNRs were characterized by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and the sensing mechanism of colorimetric sensor for the detection of Cu(2+) was also discussed.

Based on the reaction of the active -OH group in fullerol (F) with the dissociated -COOH group in fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) to form an F-FITC and the enhanced effect of N, N-dimethylaniline (DMA) on phosphorescence signal of F-FITC, a new phosphorescent labeling reagent (DMA-F-FITC) was developed. What's more, a phosphorescent sensor for the determination of alpha-fetoprotein variant (AFP-V) has been designed via the coupling technique of the high sensitivity for affinity adsorption-solid substrate-room temperature phosphorimetry (AA-SS-RTP) with the strong specificity reaction between DMA-F-FITC-Con A and AFP-V. The DMA-F-FITC increased the number of luminescent molecules in the biological target which improved the sensitivity of phosphorescent sensor. The proposed sensor was responsive, simple, selective and sensitive, and it has been applied to the determination of trace AFP-V in human serum and the forecast of human diseases using phosphorescence emission wavelength of F or FITC, with the results agreed well with those obtained by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). Meanwhile, the mechanisms for the labeling reaction and the sensing detection of AFP-V were discussed.

I − could accelerate the selective etching along longitudinal direction of gold nanorods (AuNRs) induced by Fe 3+ in HCl medium, which decreased the aspect ratio (length/width) of AuNRs, and thus the longitudinal surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) absorption peaks of AuNRs blue shifted (Δ λ = λ 0 − λ ), the corresponding absorbance decreased (Δ A = A 0 − A ), and the color of the solution obviously changed. Therefore, a non-aggregation AuNRs colorimetric sensor for the detection of I − was developed. The proposed colorimetric sensor is responsive, simple, selective and sensitive with the limit of quantization (LOQ) of 8.8 × 10 −8 M. The highly accurate sensor has been used to determine the content of I − in table salt samples with the results consistent with those obtained by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). Moreover, the morphological changes of AuNRs during the etching procedure were characterized by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and the sensing mechanism for I − detection was also discussed.

Bright red-emissive gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) were synthesized by a facile one-pot approach in aqueous solution using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a protecting agent. A new BSA-AuNC fluorescent sensor for the detection of S 2− has been designed based on the sharp fluorescence quenching of BSA-AuNCs, which results from the degradation of its structure due to the formation of Au 2 S by the reaction between Au and S 2− . The proposed highly sensitive (the detection limit [LD] was 0.029 μM) and selective sensor was applied to the detection of S 2− in the presence of high concentrations of different anions in aqueous solution, and the results were in good agreement with those determined by electrochemical methods. The sensor is shown to be environmentally friendly, simple, responsive and practical. Meanwhile, the morphological changes of BSA-AuNCs and BSA-AuNCs-S 2− were characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Furthermore, the sensing mechanism for the detection of S 2− is discussed.

Fe(3+) can catalyze H2O2 to oxidize along on the longitudinal axis of gold nanorods (AuNRs), which caused the aspect ratio of AuNRs to decrease, longitudinal plasmon absorption band (LPAB) of AuNRs to blueshift (Δλ) and the color of the solution to change obviously. Thus, a rapid response and highly sensitive non-aggregation colorimetric sensor for the determination of Fe(3+) has been developed based on the signal amplification effect of catalyzing H2O2 to oxidize AuNRs. This simple and selective sensor with a wide linear range of 0.20-30.00 μM has been utilized to detect Fe(3+) in blood samples, and the results consisted with those obtained by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). Simultaneously, the mechanism of colorimetric sensor for the detection of Fe(3+) was also discussed.

Hg0, the product of vitamin C (Vc) reducing Hg2+, could react with Au along on the longitudinal axis of gold nanorods (AuNRs) to form gold amalgamation (AuHg2(L)), which caused the longitudinal surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) absorption peak of AuNRs to blue shift (Δλ) and the absorbance (A) to decrease. However, the strong coordination between hydrosulfide group ( SH) in cysteine (Cys) and Hg2+ can effectively inhibit the formation of AuHg2(L), resulting in that the LSPR absorption peak of AuNRs red shift (Δλ), the corresponding absorbance enhances as well as the color of solution obviously changes. Thus, a responsive, sensitive and simple non-aggregation AuNRs colorimetric sensor for the determination of Cys has been developed based on the inhibiting effect of Cys on Vc reducing Hg2+. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) of this sensor is 0.030 μM, which is much lower than that of aggregation colorimetric sensor and gold nanocluster fluorometry, showing its great sensitivity. What is more, the sensor has been applied to the detecting of Cys in human urine samples with the results agreeing well with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS), showing its great practicality. Furthermore, the morphological changes of AuNRs were characterized by high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) and the sensing mechanism for the determination of Cys was also discussed.

Polyamide membrane-wheat germ agglutinin-poly vinyl alcohol-affinity adsorption imprinting (abbreviated to PAM-WGA-PVA-AAI) was prepared using alkaline phosphatase (AP) as the template. The cavity in PAM-WGA-PVA-AAI not only matched with AP very well, but also had a sensitive response to AP. The Morin-SiO 2 -Ab AP was obtained using Morin-SiO 2 to label Ab AP (goat anti human AP antibody). When Ab AP -Morin-SiO 2 was added to PAM-WGA-PVA-AAI, PAM-AP-Ab AP -Morin-SiO 2 formed by the immunoreaction between Ab AP and AP in PAM-WGA-PVA-AAI due to the affinity between Ab AP and AP was stronger than that between AP and WGA. The product could emit room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) because of the heavy atom effect of Pb 2+ . Motivated by the sensitive response of cavity in PAM-WGA-PVA-AAI to AP, a new PAM-WGA-PVA-AAI phosphorescence sensor for determination of trace AP and prediction of human diseases has been developed using PAM-WGA-PVA-AAI technique. The proposed sensor was sensitive (the detection limit (DL): 0.18 ag spot −1 , corresponding concentration: 7.2 × 10 −17 g mL −1 or 7.2 × 10 −19 mol L −1 ), simple, rapid and highly selective, and it has been applied to the determination of trace AP in human serum and the forecast of human diseases, with the results agreeing well with those obtained by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). Meanwhile, the mechanism of this PAM-WGA-PVA-AAI phosphorescence sensor was discussed also.

Seventeen novel ilexgenin A hybrids (IA-aspirin) and (IA-NO), as donor hybrids (IA-NO will release NO in vivo and function as NO donor), were designed and synthesized in order to develop new multi-targeting agents for the treatment of platelet disorders. Their in vitro activities against ADP, AA and thrombin were evaluated. As a result, IA hybrids achieved substantial increases in the three tested pathways compared with IA. Encouragingly, the most potent hybrid compounds 6d and 14d displayed about 8-fold higher potency than aspirin, and 3-fold higher potency than the simultaneous administration of aspirin and IA in inhibiting ADP-induced aggregation with IC 50 values of 0.15 mmol/L and 0.14 mmol/L, respectively. The results suggest these IA hybrids are good candidates for multi-target therapies, and especially, may be considered as promising ADP agonists.

In this sensing system, vitamin C (Vc) could reduce Hg 2+ to Hg 0 , which selectively deposited on the tips of gold nanorods (AuNRs) to form gold amalgamation due to the shielding effect of the surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) on the transverse site of AuNRs. As a result, the aspect ratio (length/width) of AuNRs was decreased and the morphology of AuNRs was changed. When the concentration of Vc was in the range of 0.11–85.0 μM, the longitudinal plasmon absorption wavelength (LPAW, λ L ) blue shifted (Δ λ L ); while in the range of 85.0–385 μM, the transversal plasmon absorption wavelength (TPAW, λ T ) red shifted (Δ λ T ) gradually, as well as the color of the solution changed obviously. Thus, a non-aggregation colorimetric sensor for rapid determination of Vc has been developed. The detection limit (LD) of this sensor is 3.5 × 10 −9 g Vc mL −1 for λ L and 5.1 × 10 −6 g Vc mL −1 for λ T , respectively, which is much lower than that of aggregation colorimetric sensor, showing its great sensitivity. What's more, the sensor has been applied to the detecting of Vc in real samples with the results agreeing well with aggregation colorimetric sensor using λ L , showing its great practicality. At the same time, the structures of AuNRs were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), and the sensing mechanism for the detection of Vc has been discussed.

Dopamine (DA) could reduce Ag + to Ag on the surface of gold nanorods (AuNRs) to form Au core–Ag shell nanorods (Au@AgNRs) in AuNRs–Ag + –DA system, which caused dielectric function to change, the aspect ratio of AuNRs to decrease and longitudinal plasmon absorption band (LPAB) of AuNRs to blue shift (Δλ), as well as the color of the solution to change obviously. Thus, a non-aggregation colorimetric sensor for rapid determination of DA was developed based on the linear relationship between Δ λ and the concentration of DA. The responsive, simple, sensitive and selective colorimetric sensor has been successfully applied to the detection of DA in serum, showing its great practicality. At the same time, the structures of AuNRs and Au@Ag NRs were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM). Meanwhile, the sensing mechanism for the detection of DA has been discussed.

Taking advantage of the cutting effect of the strong oxidation of benzoyl peroxide [(C6H5CO)2O2] on the end of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) to obtain water-soluble multiwall nanotubes (MWNTs’) and the spiking effect of polyacrylamide (PA) on the room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) of MWNTs’, a new phosphorescent labeling reagent, MWNTs’–PA, has been developed in this study. The product β-AbHCG–MWNTs’–PA obtained by MWNTs’–PA labeling human chorionic gonadotropin-β-subunit three-dimensional core monoclonal antibody (β-AbHCG) not only could maintain good RTP characteristics of MWNTs’ but also could take specific immunoreaction with β-HCG to form β-HCG– β-AbHCG–MWNTs’–PA, resulting in the increase of MWNTs’ RTP signal. Thus, a new solid substrate room temperature phosphorescence immunoassay (SSRTPIA) for the determination of β-HCG has been established. The limits of detection (LODs) of the new method were 0.021 pg spot−1 for the direct way at 447/615 nm ( λ ex max / λ em max ) and 0.016 pg spot−1 for the sandwich way at 447/614 nm ( λ ex max / λ em max ). This sensitive, accurate, and precise method was used to determine β-HCG and diagnose human diseases by the direct way or the sandwich way, with the results coinciding with those obtained by chemiluminescence immunoassay. Meanwhile, the mechanisms of MWNTs’ labeling β-AbHCG and determining β-HCG are also discussed.

Platelet rich plasma (PRP) contains various cytokines and growth factors which may be beneficial to the healing process of injured muscle. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect and molecular mechanism of PRP on migration of skeletal muscle cells. Skeletal muscle cells intrinsic to Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with PRP. The cell migration was evaluated by transwell filter migration assay and electric cell-substrate impedance sensing. The spreading of cells was evaluated microscopically. The formation of filamentous actin (F-actin) cytoskeleton was assessed by immunofluorescence staining. The protein expressions of paxillin and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) were assessed by Western blot analysis. Transfection of paxillin small-interfering RNA (siRNAs) to muscle cells was performed to validate the role of paxillin in PRP-mediated promotion of cell migration. Dose-dependently PRP promotes migration of and spreading and muscle cells. Protein expressions of paxillin and FAK were up-regulated dose-dependently. F-actin formation was also enhanced by PRP treatment. Furthermore, the knockdown of paxillin expression impaired the effect of PRP to promote cell migration. It was concluded that PRP promoting migration of muscle cells is associated with up-regulation of proteins expression of paxillin and FAK as well as increasing F-actin formation. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:2506-2512, 2017.

So far the magneto-rheological (MR) effect mechanism of MR damper has not been known completely, especially in the impact load, and the problem becomes more complicated and difficult for analyzing. A set of characteristic tests and parameters’ identification are made to the MR damper by the experimental platform. The dynamical model of the damper is constructed based on the Bingham plastic model, and the buffer control strategy of aircraft undercarriage based on MR technology is established. Finally, the fuzzy control algorithm is applied to the process of automatic control for landing buffer of aircraft undercarriage. The simulation results show that the proposed MR damper pulley buffer can effectively recognize the impact energy. The research has a better application in the engineering.

Magneto-rheological damper is an adjustable damping smart drive. Its advantage lies that the magneto-rheological fluid can rapidly and reversibly change Newtonian fluid with good liquidity into plastic solid with high viscosity and low liquidity in the millisecond time. And then it can be easily combined with control. MR damper has obtained a certain application in vibration control of automotive, machinery, construction and other areas. In this paper, the writer focus on describing control strategy present situation and the advantages and disadvantages of various control strategies of magneto-rheological damper based on impact load. And he makes a more detailed analysis of difficulties and future trends of magneto-rheological damper based on impact load.

Under the condition of 60 °C and 20 min at pH 6.12, chlorpromazine hydrochloride (CPZ) could react with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) to produce FITC-CPZ, which increased the π-electron density (δ) of carbon atom in FITC conjugated system and the room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) intensity of FITC. Thus, a new solid substrate room temperature phosphorimetry (SSRTP) for the determination of residual CPZ was established. The regression equation of working curve was ΔI (p) = 4.254 + 7.906 m(CPZ) (ag spot(-1)) with the correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9990 in the range of 0.036-9.6 ag spot(-1) (corresponding concentration: 0.090-24 fg ml(-1), sample volume: 0.40 μl spot(-1)), and the detection limit (LD) was 0.018 ag spot(-1) (corresponding concentration: 4.5 × 10(-17) g ml(-1)). This method with wide linear range and high sensitivity was not only used to diagnose human disease based on the correlation between the residual quantity and lethal dose of CPZ in human serum, but also used to determine residual CPZ in biological samples with the results consisting with those obtained by gas chromatography (GC), showing good accuracy. The constituent of FITC-CPZ was analyzed by GC-MS (mass spectrometry) and the reaction mechanism of SSRTP for the determination of trace CPZ was also discussed.

Al(3+) could react with quercetin (Q) to form [AlQ](3+) complex which could be used as a template for the preparation of poly (vinyl alcohol)-[AlQ](3+) complex imprinting (PVA-C-I). The [AlQ](3+) not only had good matching ability and selectivity with the cavity of PVA-C-I, but also could react with the fluorescein isothiocyanate anion (FITC(-)) on the outside of cavity by electrostatic interaction to form ion-association complex [AlQ](3+)·[(FITC)(-)](3). The ion-association complex could emit strong and stable room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) on polyamide membrane (PAM) and the ΔI(p) of the system had linear relationship with the content of Q, showing the highly selective identification of PVA-C-I to Q. Thus, a new coupling technique for the determination of trace Q based on solid substrate room temperature phosphorimetry and poly (vinyl alcohol) complex imprinting (PVA-C-I-SSRTP) was established. The linear range and limit of detection (LOD) of this method were 0.010-2.0 (×10(-12) g mL(-1)) and 2.0×10(-14) g mL(-1), respectively, showing wide linear range and high sensitivity of PVA-C-I-SSRTP. This method was used to determine the content of Q in waste water, and the results are consistent with those by spectrofluorimetry. Meanwhile, the mechanism for the determination of Q using PVA-C-I-SSRTP was also discussed.

Statins have been reported to induce tendinopathy and even tendon rupture. The present study was designed to investigate the potential molecular mechanism underlying the adverse effect of simvastatin on tendon cells. An in vitro tendon healing model was performed using tendon cells isolated from rat Achilles tendons. The viability of tendon cells and cell cycle progression were examined by the MTT assay and flow cytometric analysis, respectively. Immunofluorescent staining for Ki-67 was used to assess the proliferation activity of tendon cells. Western blot analysis and coimmunoprecipitation was used to determine the protein expression of cell cycle-related proteins. To investigate the potential mechanism underlying the effect of statins on tendon cells, mevalonate, farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP), or geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) was added to simvastatin-treated tendon cells. Simvastatin inhibited the in vitro tendon healing model and tendon cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Immunofluorescent staining demonstrated reduced ki-67 expression in simvastatin-treated tendon cells. Furthermore, simvastatin induced cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase. The expression levels of cdk1, cdk2, cyclin A, and cyclin E were downregulated by simvastatin in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibitory effect of simvastatin was proved to mediate the reduction of mevalonate, and the addition of exogenous GGPP completely prevented the inhibitory effect of simvastatin on tendon cells. The present study demonstrated, for the first time, the molecular mechanism underlying simvastatin-induced tendinopathy or tendon rupture. GGPP was shown to prevent the adverse effect of simvastatin in tendon cells without interfering with its cholesterol-reducing efficacy.

3.5-Generation polyamidoamine dendrimers (3.5-G-D) emitted strong and stable room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) on filter paper when Pb2+ was used as a heavy atom perturber. The RTP signal of 3.5-G-D was sharply enhanced upon the formation of 3.5-G-D–Tween-80 micelle compound. The complex Cd2+–3.5-G-D–Tween-80, generated in the coordination reaction between Cd2+ and the tertiary amidocyanogen on the outer layer of 3.5-G-D in 3.5-G-D–Tween-80 micelle compound, could catalyze KBrO3 to oxidize 3.5-G-D in 3.5-G-D–Tween-80, which caused the sharp quenching of the RTP signal of the system. The phosphorescence intensity change (ΔIp) of the system had a linear relationship with the content of Cd2+. Thus a new catalytic solid substrate–room-temperature phosphorimetry (SS-RTP) for the determination of trace cadmium has been established. This highly selective and sensitive method has been applied to determine trace cadmium in biological samples with a limit of detection (LD) of 1.2 ag per spot (when the sample volume was 0.4 μL per spot, the corresponding concentration was 3.0 × 10−15 g mL−1), the results agreeing with those obtained by atomic absorption spectrometry. The mechanism of catalytic SS-RTP for the determination of trace cadmium was also discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Gold nanorods (GNRs) exhibit strong longitudinal surface plasmon resonance absorption (LPA), which is highly dependent on its aspect ratio (length/width). The strong oxidization of Cr (VI) enables it to etch GNRs selectively at tips. The redox etching causes the aspect ratio of GNRs to decrease, resulting in the LPA blue shifts and the color of GNRs distinctly changes. Besides, the blue shift is linear to the concentration of Cr (VI) in the range of 0.1–20 μM. Thus, a non-aggregation based label free colorimetric sensor for the detection of Cr (VI) has been developed based on the selective etching of GNRs. The proposed colorimetric sensor is responsive, simple, sensitive (detection limit is 8.8 × 10 −8 M) and selective, and it has been successfully applied to the detection of Cr (VI) in drinking water and sea water. Moreover, the mechanism of colorimetric sensor for the detection of Cr (VI) was also discussed.

A new triterpene saponin with 28-nor-urs-12(13),18(17)-dien-3β-ol as aglycone, named ilexsaponin C (1) was isolated from the roots of Ilex pubescens, together with three known saponins 2, 3 and 4. The structure of 1 was elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis including 1D and 2D NMR and HR-ESI-MS. Saponins 1 and 4 exhibited significant XOD inhibitory activity in the test.

Systematic structure modification of the side train of the lead compound saprothoquinone provides a series of salvicine analogues, fifteen of them were first reported. Some compounds were demonstrated potent cytotoxicity against tumor cells with the 50% inhibition concentration in the micromolar range. Furthermore some compounds showed potent topoisomerase II inhibitory effects. The preliminary structure-activity relationship of saprorthoquinone analogues was discussed according to their cytotoxicity against three tumor cells.

Under the conditions of reacting at 100°C for 8 min and irradiating with the infrared light for 15 min, methylene blue (MEB) could emit weak room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) on the cellulose acetate membrane (CAM) using Pb2+ as the ion perturber in the NH3-NH4Cl (pH=9.80) solution. MEB was oxidized by H2O2, which caused the RTP of the system to enhance. Cu2+ could catalyze the reaction of H2O2 oxidizing MEB, which caused the RTP of the system to enhance sharply. The ΔIp (Ip0−Ip, the Ip0 and Ip were RTP intensity of the blank reagent and RTP intensity of the test reagent, respectively) of the catalytic system was 133.6, which was 4.1 times larger than that without infrared light irradiation (33.1). Its ΔIp was proportional to the content of Cu2+. Thus, a new catalytic solid substrate room temperature phosphorimetry (SSRTP) for the determination of trace copper has been established. The limit of quantization (LOQ) of this method was 0.12 ag·spot−1 (sample volume: 0.40 µL·spot−1, corresponding concentration: 3.0×10−16 g·mL−1), showing high sensitivity. This method not only has been successfully applied to the determination of trace copper in the tobacco, tea and human serum, but also could predict human diseases. The catalytic reaction was first order reaction, whose activation energy (E) was 18.17 kJ·mol−1 and rate constant (k) was 3.4×10−4 s−1. At the same time, the mechanism of catalytic SSRTP for the determination of trace copper was discussed.

The active -OH group in fullerol (F-ol) could react with the dissociated -COOH group in fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) to form F-ol-(FITC)(n), which could emit room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) signal of F-ol and FITC on acetate cellulose membrane (ACM), respectively. Their RTP signals were enhanced by N,N-dimethylaniline (DMA). The labeling reaction between the -NCS group of FITC in DMA-F-ol-(FITC)(n) and the -NH2 group in wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) produced DMA-F-ol-(FITC)(n)-WGA, which could further take affinity adsorption (AA) reaction with bioactive substances (BS), such as glucose and alkaline phosphatase (AP), to produce DMA-F-ol-(FITC)(n)-WGA-BS. Both of these two products could maintain the good RTP characteristics of F-ol and FITC. Based on the facts above, a new phosphorescent labeling reagent, DMA-F-ol-FITC, was developed, and a new affinity adsorption solid substrate room temperature phosphorimetry (AASSRTP) for the determination of BS was established. This method was applied to the determination of BS in human serum and the diagnosis of diseases, with the results agreeing very well with those of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The mechanism of DMA-F-ol-(FITC)(n) labeling of WGA and AASSRTP for the determination of BS is discussed.

A new phosphorescence-labelling reagent (3.5-G-D-P labelling reagent) was developed, based on 3.5-generation polyamidoamine dendrimers (3.5-G-D) as internal acceptor to capture porphyrin (P) molecular. In the disturber of heavy atom, 3.5-G-D-P could emit room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) of 3.5-G-D and P on the surface of polyamide membrane (PAM), respectively. Products (3.5-G-D-P-WGA) of 3.5-G-D-P labelling triticum vulgaris lectin (WGA) could emit strong and stable RTP signal on the surface of PAM, and it also could take specific affinity adsorption reaction (AA) with alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The product of the AA reaction (3.5-G-D-P-WGA-ALP) could keep the RTP characteristics of 3.5-G-D-P very well, and the DeltaI(p) of the system was linear correlation to the content of ALP. The DeltaI(p) of the system with Tween-80 was once for P and twice for 3.5-G-D more than that without Tween-80. Thus, the affinity adsorption solid substrate-room temperature phosphorimetry (AA-SS-RTP) for the determination of trace ALP has been established using Tween-80-3.5-G-D-P to label WGA. The detection limit (LD) of this method was 0.12fgspot(-1) for 3.5-G-D and 0.18fgspot(-1) for P with direct method, 0.14fgspot(-1) for 3.5-G-D and 0.17fgspot(-1) for P with sandwich method, respectively, and the sensitivity was obviously high. This research showed that either using 3.5-G-D or P excitation/emission wavelength to determine the content of ALP in human serum, the results were coincided with ELISA, and the flexibility of AA-SS-RTP was obviously improved and the applicability was wider. Meanwhile, the reaction mechanism of determining ALP by direct method AA-SS-RTP was discussed.

8-Quinolineboronic acid phosphorescent molecular switch (8-QBA-PMS) in the “off” state emitted weak room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) of 8-QBA on the acetylcellulose membrane (ACM) with the perturbation of Pb 2+ . When 8-QBA-PMS was used to label concanavalin agglutinin (Con A) to form 8-QBA-PMS-Con A based on the reaction between –OH of 8-QBA-PMS and –COOH of Con A, 8-QBA-PMS turned “on” automatically due to its structure change, and RTP of the system increased 2.7 times. Besides, –NH 2 of 8-QBA-PMS-Con A could carry out affinity adsorption (AA) reaction with the –COOH of alpha-fetoprotein variant (AFP-V) to form the product Con A-AFP-V-Con A-8-QBA-PMS containing –NH–CO– bond, causing the RTP of the system to further increase. Moreover, the amount of AFP-V was linear to the Δ I p of the system in the range of 0.012–2.40 (fg spot −1 ). Thus, a new affinity sensitive adsorption solid substrate room temperature phosphorimetry using 8-QBA-PMS as labelling reagent (8-QBA-PMS-AASSRTP) for the determination of AFP-V was proposed with the detection limit (LD) of 9 × 10 −15 g mL −1 . It had been used to determine AFP-V in human serum with the results agreeing with enzyme-link immunoassay (ELISA), showing promise for the prediction of PHC due to the intimate association between AFP-V and primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC). The mechanism of the promethod was also discussed.

We have used x-ray diffraction, oxygen content, positron annihilation technology, and simulation methods to investigate systematically the cuprates YBa2Cu3−x(Al,Zn,Co)xO7−δ (x=0–0.5). The experimental results and simulation calculations support the existence of a cluster effect. Moreover, it is concluded that the cluster effect is an important factor in the suppression of superconductivity and that Tc does not depend directly on the valence electron density in the samples.