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This paper aims to establish an approach of power bookkeeping in a numerical study. To study the process of power conversion coursed in the flow field, the methodology employs a power-based analysis to quantify power terms. This approach is examined in a simulation of jet flow and then applied to the cases of an isolated actuator disc and an isolated flat plate. Eventually, a numerical simulation is carried out for the boundary layer ingestion (BLI) case that integrates the flat plate and a wake-filling actuator disc. This study quantitatively discusses the mechanisms of BLI under the conditions of laminar and turbulent flow. The proposed power-based analysis might offer insights for the aircraft aerodynamic design using favorable airframe propulsion integration.

Rhizosphere soil microorganisms affect the diversity and ecological distribution of aboveground plants and play an important role in the functions of terrestrial ecosystems. Using high-throughput sequencing, we have investigated the rhizosphere soil microbial communities of three species of Stipa from six plots, in the eastern steppe of Inner Mongolia, and analyzed the relationship between microbial diversity and vegetation diversity and soil physicochemical characteristics. The dominant bacteria phyla were: Actinobacteria, 31.73–44.73%; Proteobacteria, 15.79–23.85%; Acidobacteria, 9.42–15.14%; and Chloroflexi, 4.90–13.60%. While the dominant fungi phyla were: Ascomycota, 16.93–82.12%; Basidiomycota, 2.44–81.28%; and Zygomycota, 0.40–18.92%. Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) indicated that the soil microbial community compositions in the Stipa baicalensis steppe in Hulunbuir and the Stipa krylovii steppe in the Xilingol plots, were significantly different from the others. The species characteristics of the plant communities were different in each plot for the vegetation diversity factors, the Shannon Weiner index, Simpson index, and the importance value indices of the Stipa and Leymus chinensis significantly affected the community structures of the bacteria and fungi. Among the physicochemical soil parameters, soil pH, ammonium nitrogen (AN), and sucrase (SC), significantly affected the community structures of the bacteria and fungi, and were inseparable from the interactions between the microorganisms and environmental factors. We found that microbial community diversity was complex in the rhizosphere soils of the Stipa, and that they were mainly affected by the vegetation diversity, soil pH, ammonium nitrogen, and soil sucrase activities. These results improve our understanding of the correlations between the Stipa rhizosphere soil microorganisms and the environmental factors, and provide guidance for future research on the distribution characteristics and growth of the Stipa.

Background. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) were previously found to be closely related to the pathogenesis of diabetes. Objectives. To reveal the differentially expressed lncRNAs and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) involved in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and predict the lncRNA target genes to derive their expression profiles for the diagnosis of T2DM and LADA and their differential diagnosis. Methods. Twelve venous blood samples were collected from T2DM patients, LADA patients, and nondiseased subjects to obtain total RNAs. After removing rRNA from total RNAs to establish the desired library for sequencing, quality control and quantification analyses were carried out. The fragments per kilobase of exon model per million reads mapped (FPKM) of lncRNAs were calculated to construct the gene expression profiles of lncRNAs and mRNAs. Fold changes (fold change: 2.0) and p values (p value: 0.05, FPKM ≥ 0.1) were calculated, and then differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs were screened. To obtain the significantly coexpressed lncRNA-mRNA pairs, the lncRNA target genes were deduced according to the association between adjacent sites. Results. Compared to nondiseased controls, 68,763 versus 28,523 lncRNAs and 133 versus 1035 mRNAs were significantly upregulated and significantly downregulated, respectively, in T2DM patients. For LADA patients, 68,748 versus 28,538 lncRNAs and 219 versus 805 mRNAs were significantly upregulated and significantly downregulated, respectively, relative to nondiseased controls. Compared to T2DM patients, 74,207 versus 23,079 lncRNAs and 349 versus 137 mRNAs were significantly upregulated and significantly downregulated, respectively, in LADA patients. Based on the correlation analysis, seven lncRNA-mRNA pairs (BTG2, A2M, HECTD4, MBTPS1, DBH, FLVCR1, and NCBP2) were significantly coexpressed, and two lncRNAs (ENST00000608916 and ENST00000436373) were newly discovered. Conclusion. Significant differences in lncRNA expression were discovered among the three groups. Furthermore, after predicting lncRNA expression profiles, GO/KEGG pathway analysis could deduce the target gene function.

The prediction of contaminant distribution in multi-zone environment is critical for ensuring indoor personnel health and making an optimistic ventilation strategy. However, the input of uncertainty parameters (flow coefficients, flow exponents, etc.) has a significant impact on the predicted pollutant concentrations. In this study, we proposed a reconstruction method to achieve parameter estimation for the multi-zone model. MATLAB codes was programmed to call CONTAM engine to accomplish pollutant transport simulation in a multi-zone scaled building model. Then a Bayesian inference algorithm compiled in MATLAB codes was applied to determine the unknown parameters iteratively. Finally, multi-zone scaled experiments with different forms of pollutant sources were employed to validate the reconstruction method. The results showed that the predicted concentrations with the reconstructed parameters agreed well with the measured data in the constant source (CS) experiment. While, for the dynamic source (DS) experiment, the predicted concentrations had some discrepancies with the measured data.

In the electricity market environment, the market clearing price has strong volatility, periodicity and randomness, which makes it more difficult to select the input features of artificial neural network forecasting. Although the traditional back propagation (BP) neural network has been applied early in electricity price forecasting, it has the problem of low forecasting accuracy. For this reason, this paper uses the maximum information coefficient and Pearson correlation analysis to determine the main factors affecting electricity price fluctuation as the input factors of the forecasting model. The improved particle swarm optimization algorithm, called simulated annealing particle swarm optimization (SAPSO), is used to optimize the BP neural network to establish the SAPSO-BP short-term electricity price forecasting model and the actual sample data are used to simulate and calculate. The results show that the SAPSO-BP price forecasting model has a high degree of fit and the average relative error and mean square error of the forecasting model are lower than those of the BP network model and PSO-BP model, as well as better than the PSO-BP model in terms of convergence speed and accuracy, which provides an effective method for improving the accuracy of short-term electricity price forecasting.

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of half-dose verteporfin photodynamic therapy for central serous chorioretinophathy(CSC)in patients aged above 45 years old. METHODS: Thirty-two eyes of 30 patients aged above 45 years old with central serous chorioretinophathy were included, and all the eyes received half-dose verteporfin photodynamic therapy(PDT). Best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA), central macular thickness(CMT)and subretinal fluids absorption(SRF)were measured before and after treatment(1,3 and 6mo).RESULTS: The rate of SRF absorbing completely was 44% at 1mo, 63% at 3mo and 75% at 6mo. The difference in cure rate of the three time points was statistically significant(χ2=6.621, P=0.037). All the patients were divided into two groups according to the duration, patients in Group A were treated less than 6mo, Group B were ≥6mo. The mean LogMAR BCVA in the two groups were respectively 0.6149±0.4117 and 0.8167±0.4370 before treatment and the mean CMT were 409.47±129.422μm and 395.82±153.756μm before treatment. The difference between the two groups in the LogMAR BCVA was not statistically significant(F=0.303, P=0.823), but the time difference within the subjects was statistically significant(F=32.837,PPt=2.024,P=0.063). In Group B, the differences of the LogMAR BCVA at any two time points were all statistically significant(PF=0.064,P=0.978), but the time difference within the subjects was statistically significant(F=26.447,PPPCONCLUSION: Half-dose verteporfin PDT was effective in treating CSC aged above 45 years old, it still could improve BCVA and subretinal fluids absorption.

AIM:To understand the clinic effect of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)drugs injection in the treatment of fundus disease in the real-world study(RWS). METHODS: The clinical cases treated with anti-VEGF drugs in our department from September 2012 to June 2015 were enrolled in this study. Retrospective investigation was reviewed to the kinds of diseases, frequency, usage, efficacy, adverse reaction, and the effects on visual acuity, fundus and macular thickness which were treated with intravitreal anti-VEGF drugs injection. RESULTS: In 305 patients(340 eyes)treated with anti-VEGF drugs, 53 patients(60 eyes, 17.6%)were wet age-related macular degeneration(AMD), polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy(PCV)16 cases(18 eyes, 5.3%), diabetic macular edema(DME)120 cases(134 eyes, 39.4%), branch retinal vein occlusion(BRVO)secondary macular edema 61 cases(68 eyes, 20.0%), central retinal vein occlusion(CRVO)secondary macular edema 29 cases(32 eyes, 9.4%), idiopathic choroidal neovascularization(ICNV)16 cases(18 eyes, 5.3%), high myopia with choroid neovascularization 4 cases(4 eyes, 1.2%), neovascular glaucoma 4 cases(4 eyes, 1.2%), retinal angiomatous proliferation(RAP)1 cases(1 eyes, 0.2%)and optic papillary neovascularization 1 cases(1 eyes, 0.2%). The minimum age was 16 years old, and the maximum age 90 years old. There were 247 cases(275 eyes, 80.9%)were treated with intravitreal ranibizumab injection, 58 cases(65 eyes, 19.1%)intravitreal conbercept injection. The time number of all patients accepted anti-VEGF drugs treatment was 465, with an average of 1.7 times per eye. Which, the "3 + PRN" treatment method in 98 patients(109 eyes, 32.1%), "1 + PRN" treatment in 207 patients(231 eyes, 67.9%). 69 cases(77 eyes, 22.6%)were used alone to receive anti-VEGF drugs therapy, 10 cases(11 eyes, 3.2%)combined with intravitreal triamcinolone injection(TA), 35 cases(39 eyes, 11.5%)combined with vitrectomy, 26 cases(29 eyes, 8.5%)combined with photodynamic treatment(PDT), 165 cases(184 eyes, 54.1%)combined with simple laser treatment. After anti-VEGF drug treatment, majority of patients' the best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), fundus and central macular thickness(CMT)were significantly improved, compared with the pre-treatment, the difference is significant(PCONCLUSION: Intravitreal anti-VEGF drugs injection can significantly improve the visual function and ocular fundus for patients with fundus diseases, but there are still some adverse events, which should be attached great importance to medical workers.

Owing to enormous growth in both data storage and the demand for high-performance computing, there has been a major effort to integrate telecom networks on-chip. Silicon photonics is an ideal candidate, thanks to the maturity and economics of current CMOS processes in addition to the desirable optical properties of silicon in the near IR. The basics of optical communication require the ability to generate, modulate, and detect light, which is not currently possible with silicon alone. Growing germanium or III/V materials on silicon is technically challenging due to the mismatch between lattice constants and thermal properties. One proposed solution is to use two-dimensional materials, which have covalent bonds in-plane, but are held together by van der Waals forces out of plane. These materials have many unique electrical and optical properties and can be transferred to an arbitrary substrate without lattice matching requirements. This article reviews recent progress toward the integration of 2D materials on a silicon photonics platform for optoelectronic applications.

BRAF mutations are known as oncogenic drivers of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). BRAF inhibition has demonstrated anti-tumor activity in patients with BRAF V600E mutant NSCLC. Further molecular screening for novel BRAF thr599dup mutation is warranted. The novel BRAF Thr599dup gene mutation, for which the repeat amino acid-tyrosine is inserted between the 599th amino acid and the 600th amino acid in exon 15 of BRAF, was identified by next-generation sequencing (NGS) during routine clinical care in a lung carcinoma sample from an Asian never-smoker. Other putative driver alterations including EGFR, ALK were not found in that patient. BRAF Thr599dup gene mutation analysis was consistent with BRAF v600E gene mutation. Here we report a novel BRAF gene mutation with molecular characteristics consistent with those in BRAF-driven NSCLC. Our case expands the scope of BRAF gene mutations and provides broader molecular profiling for optimizing therapeutic options for patients with NSCLC. The new BRAF gene mutation has important clinical meaning for cancer patients.

Aiming at the fault diagnosis of rolling element bearings, propose a method for fine diagnosis of bearings based on wavelet transform and one-dimensional convolutional neural network. First use wavelet transform to decompose the experimental data; Use the resulting low-frequency signal as a one-dimensional convolutional neural network input, bearing fault identification. The experiment uses the deep groove ball bearing of Case Western Reserve University as the research object, Use this method to identify the normal and outer ring faults of the bearing. the result shows: This method can be effectively applied to the precise identification of bearings.

Under the dual pressure of global energy crisis and environmental problems, the exploration and application of new energy is an inevitable trend of economic development. Therefore, the development and research on equity financing efficiency of new energy vehicle listed companies appear to be of great value. From the perspective of equity financing efficiency, this paper explores the development status of new energy vehicle listed companies in the current era. Different from previous literature studies, we select China and the United States for comparative analysis and attempts to put forward strategic suggestions. Our paper adopts the DEA model, which is an equity financing efficiency evaluation model, to comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness of new energy listed enterprises, and then compares the equity financing efficiency of Chinese and American enterprises. Later, suggestions are provided on how to optimize the equity financing efficiency and development of new energy vehicle listed enterprises in China according to the found problems and conclusions.

Background: Polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) are prominent prescribing issues in elderly patients. This study was to investigate the different prevalence of PIM use in elderly inpatients between 65-79 years of age and 80 years or older, who were discharged from Geriatric Department in West China Hospital. Methods: A large-scale cohort of 1796 inpatients aged 65 years or over was recruited. Respectively, 618 patients were 65-79 years and 1178 patients were 80 years or older. Updated 2012 Beers Criteria by the American Geriatric Society was applied to assess the use of PIM among the investigated samples. Results: A review of the prescribed medications identified 686 patients aged 80 years or older consumed at least one PIM giving a rate of 58.2%. Conversely, 268 (43.4%) patients aged 65-79 years consumed at least one PIM (χ2 = 40.18, P < 0.001). Patients aged 80 years or older had higher hospitalization expenses, length of stay, co-morbidities, medical prescription, and mortality than patients aged 65-79 years (all with P < 0.001). Patients aged 80 years or older were prescribed with more benzodiazepines, drugs with strong anticholinergic properties, megestrol, antipsychotics, theophylline, and aspirin. In multiple regression analysis, PIM use was significantly associated with female gender, age, number of diagnostic disease, and number of prescribed medication. Conclusions: The finding from this study revealed that inpatients aged 80 years or older encountered more PIM use than those aged 65-79 years. Anticholinergic properties, megestrol, antipsychotics, theophylline, and aspirin are medications that often prescribed to inpatients aged 80 years or older. Doctors should carefully choose drugs for the elderly, especially the elderly aged 80 years or older.

Particulate matter is a serious source of air pollution in urban areas, where it exerts adverse effects on human health. This article focuses on the study of subduction of shelterbelts for atmospheric particulates. The results suggest that (1) the PM mass concentration is higher in the morning or both morning and noon inside the shelterbelts and lower mass concentrations at other times; (2) the particle mass concentration inside shelterbelt is higher than outside; (3) the particle interception efficiency of the two forest belts over the three months in descending order was PM10 > PM1 > PM2.5; and (4) the two shelterbelts captured air pollutants at rates of 1496.285 and 909.075 kg/month and the major atmospheric pollutant in Beijing city is PM10. Future research directions are to study PM mass concentration variation of shelterbelt with different tree species and different configuration.

In order to solve heterogeneous problem of information platforms developed by participants of project portfolio of coal enterprise, a project portfolio information management platform of coal enterprise based on multi-Agent and grid technology was proposed, and framework of the platform, function design scheme of each Agent entity and running process of the platform were introduced. The platform utilizes grid technology to realize integration of heterogeneous platforms, so as to make participants of project portfolio achieve collaborative work. The platform also uses multi-Agent system to integrate grid environment into heterogeneous platforms, so as to realize unified configuration and management for all information platforms of participants. Validity of the platform is verified through application in a coal enterprise.

In this paper, a gradient-based cuckoo search algorithm (GCS) is proposed to solve a reservoir-scheduling problem. The classical cuckoo search (CS) is first improved by a self-adaptive solution-generation technique, together with a differential strategy for Lévy flight. This improved CS is then employed to solve the reservoir-scheduling problem, and a two-way solution-correction strategy is introduced to handle variants’ constraints. Moreover, a gradient-based search strategy is developed to improve the search speed and accuracy. Finally, the proposed GCS is used to obtain optimal schemes for cascade reservoirs in the Jinsha River, China. Results show that the mean and standard deviation of power generation obtained by GCS are much better than other methods. The converging speed of GCS is also faster. In the optimal results, the fluctuation of the water level obtained by GCS is small, indicating the proposed GCS’s effectiveness in dealing with reservoir-scheduling problems.

With the succession of river basins and inter-basin hydropower stations, the joint optimal operation of cascade hydropower stations in the river basin has large-scale, nonlinear, strong coupling, and multi-target characteristics, and must consider the effects of hydrometeorology, water demand, and power grid security. Focusing on the preparation of short-term power generation plans for cascade hydropower stations on the Qingjiang River, a comprehensive multi-objetive power generation planning model with the largest total power generation and the least load variance on the power grid is established. Based on the constraint processing method of multi-objective optimization scheduling in long-term, the optimal flow distribution technology is adopted to improve the accuracy of power generation planning. The above model is solved by using SMPSO. The results show that the improved algorithm can effectively overcome the shortcomings of slow convergence speed and easy convergence to local optimum. It can improve the power generation efficiency of the whole cascade while responding to the peaking demand of the power grid and provide a new solution to the short-term power generation planning ideas.

The existing electric grid purchase ratio research focuses on the methods of various types of combinations of purchasing and selling business of electricity, and the methods of reasonable risk allocation between different businesses, First, it lacks the consideration of the sensitivity of customer requirements to electricity price changes . Second, it lacks the consideration of optimization of the revenue and risk of hydropower purchase in the provincial electric grid. Therefore, this paper establishes the multi-objective time-of-use power price model based on customer requirements for time-of-use power price response.It introduces a VaR-based risk assessment method. Also, it proposes a multi-objective optimization model that maximizes the expected revenue on electricity purchase and minimizes the risk of purchasing electricity. The electricity purchase ratio scheme and the electrictiy purchase risk scheme are jointly optimized to obtain the electric grid inter-provincial electrictiy purchase risk decision and the optimal electricity purchase ratio. The results show that the grid company will obtain greater economic benefits while avoiding risks as much as possible after using the power purchase optimization method of this paper.

The optimal scheduling of hydropower station is a constrained strong, nonlinear and multi-stage combinatorial optimization. Aiming at this issue, this paper analyses the shortcomings of previous PSO algorithm in hydropower station optimal scheduling model, and presents an improved PSO algorithm for hybrid BFO algorithm, which overcomes the problem that the PSO algorithm is easy to fall into local extremum and has strong dependence on parameters. A case study of a short-term scheduling period of a hydropower station is used to compare the improved PSO algorithm mixed BFO algorithm with previous PSO algorithm. The results show that the improved PSO algorithm can converge to the global optimal solution more accurately. Therefore, it provides a new method for solving the optimal scheduling model of hydropower station.

Climate and human-driven changes play an important role in regional droughts. Northwest Yunnan Province is a key region for biodiversity conservation in China, and it has experienced severe droughts since the beginning of this century; however, the extent of the contributions from climate and human-driven changes remains unclear. We calculated the ecosystem evapotranspiration (ET) and water yield (WY) of northwest Yunnan Province, China from 2001 to 2013 using meteorological and remote sensing observation data and a Surface Energy Balance System (SEBS) model. Multivariate regression analyses were used to differentiate the contribution of climate and vegetation coverage to ET. The results showed that the annual average vegetation coverage significantly increased over time with a mean of 0.69 in spite of the precipitation fluctuation. Afforestation/reforestation and other management efforts attributed to vegetation coverage increase in NW Yunnan. Both ET and WY considerably fluctuated with the climate factors, which ranged from 623.29 mm to 893.8 mm and -51.88 mm to 384.40 mm over the time period. Spatially, ET in the southeast of NW Yunnan (mainly in Lijiang) increased significantly, which was in line with the spatial trend of vegetation coverage. Multivariate linear regression analysis indicated that climatic factors accounted for 85.18% of the ET variation, while vegetation coverage explained 14.82%. On the other hand, precipitation accounted for 67.5% of the WY. We conclude that the continuous droughts in northwest Yunnan were primarily climatically driven; however, man-made land cover and vegetation changes also increased the vulnerability of local populations to drought. Because of the high proportion of the water yield consumed for subsistence and poor infrastructure for water management, local populations have been highly vulnerable to climate drought conditions. We suggest that conservation of native vegetation and development of water-conserving agricultural practices should be implemented as adaptive strategies to mitigate climate change.