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Efficient activation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) through biomimetic catalysis still faces a major challenge. In this work, inspired by the catalytic pocket of natural peroxidase, Cu single atom (CuSA) and AuCu nanoparticles (AuCuNPs) anchored on nitrogen‐doped carbon skeleton (CuSA‐AuCuNPs/NC) serve as dual active sites that significantly accelerate the charge transfer process and thus achieve efficient H2O2 activation. Meanwhile, the experimental and theoretical calculations show that the well‐established electronic communication effect between CuSA and AuCuNPs results in moderate electronic modifications to CuSA, which promotes the heterolysis of H2O2 and the timely desorption of H2O. As a proof of concept, CuSA‐AuCuNPs/NC show remarkable performance in detecting uranyl ions in seawater. This work provides new insights into the H2O2 activation for colorimetric sensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration of intelligent decision-making algorithms with urban cultural expression is becoming a hot topic in both academic and practical fields for exploring urban street landscapes. Exploring the application strategies of intelligent decision-making algorithms and regional cultural expression in street landscape pattern recognition and innovative design is a key step. The single layout of urban street construction, cultural deficiency, ecological imbalance, and low resident participation seriously constrain the overall quality improvement of the city. To address this dilemma, this study delved into Kunming City and selected the ten "most beautiful streets", such as Dianchi Road, for research. By using the Analytic Hierarchy Process, a comprehensive evaluation system covering multiple dimensions, such as the street layout, plant landscape, and historical culture, was constructed to analyze the street landscape of Kunming. The research results indicate that the top four roads in terms of weight evaluation scores are Cuihu Ring Road, Jiaochang Middle Road, Qingnian Road, and Beijing Road, with values of 0.2076, 0.1531, 0.1274, and 0.1173. The weight reveals that each street has its unique landscape factors, such as the profound cultural heritage of Cuihu Ring Road and the beautiful plant landscape of Jiaochang Middle Road. Further analysis also reveals the close relationship between various factors in the evaluation model, emphasizing the importance of supplementing material and cultural elements in street landscape design. The significance of this study goes beyond a single analysis of the street landscape in Kunming City. Drawing a regional street landscape pattern map sets an example for other cities to build distinctive, eco-friendly, culturally rich, and highly humanized street spaces, providing reference and inspiration. More importantly, this study promotes the application and development of intelligent decision-making algorithms in the field of urban landscapes. Future research will further optimize algorithms to improve their adaptability and accuracy in complex environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transition metal sulfides (TMSs) such as NbSe2 and TaS3, with their exfoliable layered structures, exhibit novel physical properties arising from dimensionality effects with the reduced thickness, including changes in superconducting transition temperature (Tc). Exploring lower-dimensional TMSs has become a research focus. However, fabricating 2D-TMSs into 1D structures using micro-nano machining may bring lattice imperfections and dislocations. Here, we report the synthesis of superconducting NbSe2 and TaS3 nanowires. The characterization shows that the NbSe2 and TaS3 nanowires with high crystallinity have Tc = 6.98 K and 3.80 K, respectively. Our work provides a simple method for realizing 1D TMSs superconductors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The outstanding ionic sieving capabilities of the nanoporous membranes have been evident; however, the selectivity in mixed solutions is often lower than that in single salt solutions. Given that the inherent properties of nanochannels remain the same, the ionic coordination structure in mixed solution becomes a remarkable factor for the inferior selectivity, and may change due to the interaction between anions and multivalent cations, a phenomenon rarely explored. Herein, molecular simulations demonstrated some free hydrated ions transfer to ionic clusters consisting of multi‐ions in representative LiCl/MgCl2 mixed solutions, and the ionic permeability discrepancy is exponentially associated with ionic cluster change. Ionic clusters are engaged by the enhanced coordination of chloride ions under the interference of divalent cations. Hence, by introducing anions with weak coordination ability, this detrimental effect is mitigated and ion selectivity is improved. This work provides essential theoretical foundations for further ion sieving applications in complex system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: The underlying migration mechanism of Mg2+ in cathode materials and roles of defects in Mg2+ migration in cathode materials were studied. Applications of defect engineering to Mg2+ migration in cathode materials and the strategies for introducing various defects were summarized. New development directions of defect engineering in cathode materials for rechargeable magnesium battery were prospected Rechargeable magnesium batteries (RMBs) have been considered a promising "post lithium-ion battery" system to meet the rapidly increasing demand of the emerging electric vehicle and grid energy storage market. However, the sluggish diffusion kinetics of bivalent Mg2+ in the host material, related to the strong Coulomb effect between Mg2+ and host anion lattices, hinders their further development toward practical applications. Defect engineering, regarded as an effective strategy to break through the slow migration puzzle, has been validated in various cathode materials for RMBs. In this review, we first thoroughly understand the intrinsic mechanism of Mg2+ diffusion in cathode materials, from which the key factors affecting ion diffusion are further presented. Then, the positive effects of purposely introduced defects, including vacancy and doping, and the corresponding strategies for introducing various defects are discussed. The applications of defect engineering in cathode materials for RMBs with advanced electrochemical properties are also summarized. Finally, the existing challenges and future perspectives of defect engineering in cathode materials for the overall high-performance RMBs are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate and timely forecasting of critical components is pivotal in intelligent transportation systems and traffic management, crucially mitigating congestion and enhancing safety. This paper aims to comprehensively review deep learning algorithms and classical models employed in traffic forecasting. Spanning diverse traffic datasets, the study encompasses various scenarios, offering a nuanced understanding of traffic forecasting methods. Reviewing 111 seminal research works since the 1980s, encompassing both deep learning and classical models, the paper begins by detailing the data sources utilized in transportation systems. Subsequently, it delves into the theoretical underpinnings of prevalent deep learning algorithms and classical models prevalent in traffic forecasting. Furthermore, it investigates the application of these algorithms and models in forecasting key traffic characteristics, informed by their utility in transport and traffic analyses. Finally, the study elucidates the merits and drawbacks of proposed models through applied research in traffic forecasting. Findings indicate that while deep learning algorithms and classic models serve as valuable tools, their suitability varies across contexts, necessitating careful consideration in future studies. The study underscores research opportunities in road traffic forecasting, providing a comprehensive guide for future endeavors in this domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Citrus huanglongbing (HLB), which is caused by the phloem-colonizing bacteria Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), poses a significant threat to citrus production worldwide. The pathogenicity mechanism of HLB remains poorly understood. SEC-dependent effectors (SDEs) have been suggested to play critical roles in the interaction between citrus and CLas. Here, we explored the function of CLIBASIA_05320 (SDE19), a core SDE from CLas, and its interaction with its host target. Our data revealed that SDE19 is expressed at higher level during infection of citrus than that during infection of the Asian citrus psyllid. Subcellular localization assays showed that SDE19 is localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm and is capable of moving from cell to cell in Nicotiana benthamiana. To investigate whether SDE19 facilitates pathogen infection, we generated transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana and citrus plants overexpressing SDE19. Transgenic A. thaliana and citrus plants were more susceptible to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) and Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc), respectively. In addition, RNA-seq analysis demonstrated that overexpression of SDE19 resulted in a reprogramming of expression of genes related to biotic stimulus responses. SDE19 interacts with Citrus sinensis Sec12, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor responsible for the assembly of plant COPII (coat protein II)-coated vesicles, which mediate vesicle trafficking from the ER to the Golgi. SDE19 colocalizes with Sec12 in the ER by binding to its N-terminal catalytic region, affecting the stability of Sec12 through the 26S proteasome. This interaction hinders the secretion of apoplastic defense-related proteins such as PR1, P69B, GmGIP1, and RCR3. Furthermore, the secretion of PR1 and callose deposition is decreased in SDE19-transgenic A. thaliana. Taken together, SDE19 is a novel virulent SDE secreted by CLas that interacts with Sec12 to disrupt vesicle trafficking, inhibit defense-related proteins secretion, and promote bacterial infection. This study sheds light on how CLas manipulates the host vesicle trafficking pathway to suppress the secretion of defense-related proteins and interfere with plant immunity. Author summary: SEC-dependent effectors play a crucial role in the infection process of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) in plants. However, the specific functions of most SDEs remain poorly understood. Here, we conducted functional analyses of SDE19, a core SDE, and revealed that it suppresses plant immunity and interferes with vesicle trafficking. We found that SDE19 is able to move intercellularly within plants and suppress the expression of defense-related genes and callose deposition to suppress plant immunity. Furthermore, overexpression of SDE19 enhances susceptibility of transgenic plants to bacterial infection. Specifically, SDE19 targets and destabilizes a citrus guanine nucleotide exchange factor, to interfere with host vesicle trafficking and inhibit the secretion of defense-related proteins. Our study revealed a new mechanism by which CLas suppresses plant immunity via interfering with vesicle trafficking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brake friction material reinforced with coconut fiber and dypsis lutescens fiber was designed and prepared in this study. Specimens incorporating 0–8 wt.% of coconut fibers or dypsis lutescens fibers were fabricated. The effect of the content of these reinforcing fibers on the overall properties of brake friction materials was systematically investigated. The results indicate that the inclusion of reinforcing fibers in the formulation of brake friction materials can improve the physical properties and friction and wear properties of brake friction materials. The specimen incorporating 6 wt.% plant fiber obtained the optimal comprehensive performance with excellent fade resistance and recovery properties, and better wear resistance. In order to further investigate their performance, nine hybrid fiber brake friction materials were designed using the golden section method and orthogonal test method. The study indicated that the F-6 hybrid fiber-reinforced brake friction materials have better physical properties, thermal degradation resistance, recovery properties, and abrasion resistance than the single-fiber-reinforced brake friction materials. This study provides new concepts for the preparation of fiber-reinforced brake friction materials as well as formulation optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Our study investigated the molecular mechanism of co-cultivated Citrus sinensis in diminishing the resistance of Poncirus trifoliata to the Asian Citrus Psyllid (ACP). The presence of C. sinensis was found to weaken the resistance of P. trifoliata to ACP, shown by a significant increase in ACP survival after 14 days of incubation. RNA-seq analysis revealed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between control samples and those under co-cultivation with C. sinensis, with significant changes in metabolic processes. Further analysis indicated that P. trifoliata co-cultivation with C. sinensis significantly impacted the expression of many genes, including those involved in polysaccharide metabolic processes, metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. The study also identified a hub gene, Ptrif_0004s_1029, a NAC gene from transcription factor genes, appearing crucial in transcriptional regulation related to potential ACP resistance. Additionally, DEGs related to ACP feeding were also identified. Our research has elucidated the molecular mechanisms that underlie the resistance of P. trifoliata to the ACP and identified potential genes associated with this resistance. Citrus huanglongbing (HLB) is a devastating disease for citrus production, largely caused by the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP). Poncirus trifoliata exhibits high resistance to ACP; however, this resistance is weakened when C. sinensis is co-cultivated. This study aimed to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during ACP feeding and to uncover potential ACP resistance genes in P. trifoliata. In comparison to independent cultivation, 1247 and 205 DEGs were identified in P. trifoliata when co-cultivated with C. sinensis after 7 and 14 days, respectively. Analysis of enriched Gene Ontology categories revealed that DEGs were significantly associated with the cell wall, glucometabolic activities, and secondary metabolites. Additionally, these genes were found to be involved in phytohormone signaling, cell wall metabolism, redox state homeostasis, and secondary metabolites, as well as a number of transcription factor genes (TFs). Furthermore, we examined the impact of the ACP feeding factor on the gene expression patterns in P. trifoliata. Results showed an increase in the JA signaling pathway and various TFs. The RNA-seq results were verified using reverse transcription quantitative PCR. Our findings shed light on the molecular basis of ACP resistance in P. trifoliata and identified potential genes associated with this resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atmospheric volatile organic compounds (VOCs), such as olefins and aromatics, released from synthetic chemical pesticide sprays can increase regional air pollution, public health risks, and food security risks. However, significant uncertainties remain regarding the measurement methods and chemical profiles of VOC emissions. Using an agricultural city, Changchun City in Northeast China, as a case study, we quantified real-time concentration and composition data based on online monitoring instruments for the year 2023. This study optimized data collection methods for emission factors and activity levels and developed a high-precision emission inventory of VOCs in pesticides at the city scale. The emission factors for VOCs from the seven categories of pesticides were estimated as follows: 78 g/kg (nicosulfuron and atrazine, oil-dispersible [OD] and suspension emulsion [SE], respectively), 4 g/kg (chlorpyrifos and indoxair conditioningarb, suspension concentrate [SC]), 5 g/kg (fluopicolide and propamocarb hydrochloride, SC), 217 g/kg (MCPA-dimethylammonium, aqueous solution [AS]), 34 g/kg (glyphosate, AS), 575 g/kg (beta-cypermethrin and malathion, emulsifiable concentrate [EC]), and 122 g/kg (copper abietate, emulsion in water [EW]), depending on the pesticide formulation components and formulation types. The orchard insecticide exhibited the highest emission factors among all pesticides owing to its emulsifiable concentrate formulation and 80% content of inactive ingredients (both factors contribute to the high content of organic solvents in the pesticide). The major components of VOC emissions from pesticide spraying were halocarbons (27–44%), oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) (25–38%), and aromatic hydrocarbons (15–28%). The total VOC emissions from pesticide spraying in the Changchun region accounted for 10.6 t, with Yushu City contributing 28% of the VOC emissions and Gongzhuling City and Dehui City contributing 18.7% and 16.0%, respectively. Herbicides were the main contributors to VOC emissions because of their high emission factors and extensive use in fields (used for spraying maize and rice, the main crops in Changchun City). May and June exhibited the highest VOC emissions from pesticide application, with May accounting for 57.0% of annual pesticide emissions, predominantly from herbicides (95.1%), followed by insecticides (4.9%). June accounted for 30.1% of the annual pesticide emissions, with herbicides being the largest contributor of VOC emissions. An emission inventory of VOC with a monthly scale and spatial grid resolutions of 0.083° and 0.5° in 2023 was developed. These emission factors and inventories of pesticide applications provide valuable information for air quality modeling. This study also provides an important scientific basis for enhancing regional air quality and mitigating the environmental impact of pesticide use in major grain-producing areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the coexistence of topology and superconductivity has garnered considerable attention. Specifically, the dimensionality of these materials is crucial for the realization of topological quantum computation. However, the naturally grown materials, especially with one-dimensional feature that exhibits the coexistence of topology and superconductivity, still face challenges in terms of experimental realization and scalability, which hinders the fundamental research development and the potential to revolutionize quantum computing. Here, we report the first experimental synthesis of quasi-one-dimensional InNbS2 nanoribbons that exhibit the coexistence of topological order and superconductivity via a chemical vapor transport method. Especially, the in-plane upper critical field of InNbS2 nanoribbons exceeds the Pauli paramagnetic limit by more than 2.2 times, which can be attributed to the enhanced spin-orbit coupling and the weakened interlayer interaction between the NbS2 layers induced by the insertion of In atoms, making InNbS2 exhibit spin-momentum locking similar to that of monolayer NbS2. Moreover, for the first time, we report the superconducting diode effect in a quasi-one-dimensional superconductor system without any inherent geometric imperfections. The measured maximum efficiency is manifested as 14%, observed at μ0H ≈ ±60 mT, and we propose that the superconducting diode effect can potentially be attributed to the presence of the nontrivial topological band. Our work provides a platform for studying exotic phenomena in condensed matter physics and potential applications in quantum computing and quantum information processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Electric bikes (e-bikes) are widely used for commuting and delivery in China. With the rapid increase in e-bikes on the road, related accidents have become crucial issues threatening the public. This research aims to explore the protective effect of helmet-wearing regulation and to investigate some factors influencing head injury with reference to two case cities in China, obtaining information to protect e-bike riders. Methods The traffic police-reported crash data cover the periods before and after the implementation of helmet-wearing regulations in Taizhou (with data from 2017 to 2019) and Nanning (with data in 2020) of China. Preliminary statistical analysis, logistic regression and chi-square test with a Bonferroni correction were applied in the research. Results A lack of helmets was common among victims in the context of a high helmet-wearing rate among general e-bike riders in Taizhou, indicating that fatality could be avoided to some extent by wearing helmets. Specifically, helmet wearing could reduce the probability of suffering fatal head injury by 6.4%. After the regulation implementation in Taizhou, the proportion of fatal head injuries decreased from 89% to 79%, remaining at a high level, which indicates that other measures in addition to helmet-wearing regulations should be taken. According to the results from Nanning, mandatory regulation worked more effectively than encouraged regulation in terms of reducing head injury. Conclusions Mandatory helmet-wearing regulations are highly recommended to policymakers to reduce head injury among e-bike riders. Measures in addition to helmet-wearing regulation, e.g. enhancing law-abiding awareness and improving road infrastructure, should be considered to further protect e-bike riders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aqueous Zn‐ion batteries (ZIBs) are promising next‐generation energy storage devices, yet suffer from the issues of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and intricate side reactions on the Zn anode surface. The hydrogen (H)‐bond networks play a critical role in interfacial proton transport that may closely relate to HER but are rarely investigated. Herein, we report a self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) strategy which is constructed by anchoring ionic liquid cations on Ti3C2Tx substrate for HER‐free Zn anode. Molecule dynamics simulations reveal that the rationally designed SAM with a high coordination number of water molecules (25–27, 4–6 for Zn2+) largely reduces the interfacial densities of H2O molecules, therefore breaking the connectivity of H‐bond networks and blocking proton transport on the interface, by which the HER is suppressed. Then, a series of in situ characterizations demonstrate that negligible amounts of H2 gas are collected from the Zn@SAM‐MXene anode. Consequently, the symmetric cell enables a long‐cycling life of 3000 h at 1 mA cm−2 and 1000 h at 5 mA cm−2. More significantly, the stable Zn@SAM‐MXene films are successfully used for coin full cells showing high‐capacity retention of over 94 % after 1000 cycles and large‐area (10×5 cm2) pouch cells with desired performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rainstorm and the induced flood disaster often cause serious damage to transportation system, resulting in the loss of life and property. To improve the resilience of transportation system, this study proposes a framework for assessing the impacts of rainstorm and flood disaster on road network based on GPS data. The change ratio of traffic flow and congestion index are used to evaluate the disrupted and detour road sections caused by rainstorm. A method based on the change of traffic flow compared to the normal circumstances is proposed to identify the flood‐damaged road sections. A case study in Beijing verifies the feasibility and practicality of the proposed framework, which can effectively assess the impacts of rainstorm from multiple spatial and temporal dimensions, identify the flood‐damaged road sections, and supplement existing research. Research findings can provide scientific basis for the emergency management departments to accurately identify the roads affected by rainstorm and improve the resilience of transportation system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phenomenon of spin reorientation transition in magnetic materials is truly captivating, as it involves a fascinating change in the direction of magnetic moments. However, the research on spin reorientation transition in two-dimensional (2D) magnetic materials has received limited attention, thus hindering its immense potential for significant advancements in various device applications. In this study, we present a discovery of a spin reorientation transition from an in-plane to an out-of-plane direction in the van der Waals ferromagnet Cr1.7Te2 (Tc = 300 K). This transition occurs at 70 K when the temperature ranges from 3 to 300 K, which is evidenced by the temperature-dependent Hall effect and magnetic anisotropy energy measurements. Notably, the anisotropic evolution observed reveals that the shape anisotropy effect surpasses the magnetocrystalline anisotropy in van der Waals ferromagnet at low temperatures, which is distinct from reported ferromagnetic materials. Furthermore, temperature-dependent x-ray diffraction characterizations confirm that no structural phase transition occurs during this intriguing spin reorientation transition process. These findings establish a strong and solid foundation, offering a promising platform for the design and development of cutting-edge 2D spintronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]