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LGBTQ+ minorities are disproportionately exposed to stigma, discrimination and social prejudice compared with cisgender and heterosexual peers, which can result in experiences of shame and isolation for LGBTQ+ individuals. Pride marches began as a reaction to this systemic and institutional discrimination of gender and sexual diversity and provides hope and community. This exploratory study aimed to investigate what Pride events mean to LGBTQ+ individuals and what potential impact these spaces have on the mental health and wellbeing of the community. Participants (N = 52) were recruited opportunistically at 7 Pride events across the North East of England, and invited to share their narratives and experiences using a creative and interactive research board. Qualitative content analysis revealed three main themes: 'pride is much more than a celebration', 'community healing' and 'this is me'. 12 subthemes were further identified in the analysis. The themes provide a unique understanding of how LGBTQ+ spaces and events impact individuals mental health and wellbeing. This evidence supports the importance of interventions and support at a grass roots and community level, fostering engagement and increasing empowerment within already existing LGBTQ+ groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the aim is to optimise the hydrodynamic performance of the novel fin-ring horizontal axis hydrokinetic turbine (HAHK). The original unique fin-ring turbine is an unconventional marine current turbine that comprises seven concentric rings with 88 connecting cambered fins and a solid centre hub. To begin with, the hydrodynamic performance of the benchmark turbine is evaluated using CFD simulations and is validated against sea-test data available in the literature. Subsequently, three of the turbine design parameters, namely, the fins' pitch angle, the fins' camber length, and the fins' aspect ratio, are optimised for maximum power generation. Further test simulations illustrated the existence of a laminar region of flow in the turbine flow field. The K-kL-ω transition-sensitive turbulence model is adopted to capture the influence of transition on the flow field with results compared against those of the fully turbulent K-ε turbulence model. A final fine-tuning in the turbine design is carried out by increasing the number of fins per ring in the outermost rings to further maximise the generated power. The turbine hydrodynamic performance is assessed by comparison against other conventional hydrokinetic turbines available in the literature. Very satisfactory results are obtained with an increase of about 35% in the turbine-generated CP as compared to that of the benchmark turbine. The turbine performance compares very well with other conventional turbines, especially in terms of higher peak CP values, wider operating TSR range, and less sensitivity to variations in the inflow current speeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The harmful effect of alcohol on the immune system may be due to both a direct action of the alcohol or its metabolites on immune cells as an indirect action modifying the different mechanisms of intercellular interaction. The interplay between stimulatory (aKIR) and inhibitory (iKIR) natural killer (NK) cell receptors and their corresponding human leukocyte antigen (HLA) ligands influences the outcome of virus infection. The aim was to analyze the influence of the KIR/HLA pair genetic profile in male alcoholic cirrhosis (AC) patients with and without viral infections to find susceptibility biomarkers that can help establish the risks and prevent viral infections. Methods: A total of 281 male AC patients were analyzed. The sociodemographic characteristics, viral hepatitis C (HCV), hepatitis B (HBV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections were analyzed. Genomic DNA was extracted, and genetic the KIR/HLA profiles were investigated. A total of 6 KIR genes and their corresponding ligands (HLA-C) were analyzed. Patients were grouped into two groups: with and without associated viral infection. Results: A statistically significant increase in the combination of KIR2DL2+/C1C1 was observed in male AC patients with viral infection compared to those without viral infection (45.9% vs. 24.5%, p = 0.021). The analysis of KIR2DL3+/C1+ showed a high frequency comparing healthy controls and male AC patients without virus infection (85% vs. 76.4%; p = 0.026). The analysis of KIR2DL3+/C2C2 frequency showed a statistically significant increase comparing male AC patients without viral infection and healthy controls (23.6% vs. 15%; p = 0.026). Conclusions: The genetic KIR2DL2+/C2C2 profiles may play a significant role in determining the vulnerability of male AC patients to viral infections, providing valuable insights for future research and potential therapeutic interventions.

Allograft rejection is a widespread complication in allograft recipients with chronic kidney disease. Undertreatment of subclinical and clinical rejection and later post-transplant problems are caused by an imperfect understanding of the mechanisms at play and a lack of adequate diagnostic tools. Many different biomarkers have been analyzed and proposed to detect and monitor these crucial events in transplant outcomes. In this sense, microRNAs may help diagnose rejection or tolerance and indicate appropriate treatment, especially in patients with chronic allograft rejection. As key epigenetic regulators of physiological homeostasis, microRNAs have therapeutic potential and may indicate allograft tolerance or rejection. However, more evidence and clinical validation are indispensable before microRNAs are ready for clinical prime time.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a diverse group of leukemias characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of clonal neoplastic hematopoietic precursor cells with chromosomal rearrangements and multiple gene mutations and the impairment of normal hematopoiesis. Current efforts to improve AML outcomes have focused on developing targeted therapies that may allow for improved antileukemic effects while reducing toxicity significantly. Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO) is one of the most thoroughly studied molecularly targeted therapies in adults. GO is a monoclonal antibody against CD33 IgG4 linked to the cytotoxic drug calicheamicin DMH. The use of GO as a chemotherapeutic agent is not generalized for all patients who suffer from AML, particularly for those whose health prevents them from using intensive conventional chemotherapy, in which case it can be used on its own, and those who have suffered a first relapse, where its combination with other chemotherapeutic agents is possible. This systematic review aimed to comprehensively evaluate GO, focusing on its molecular structure, mode of action, pharmacokinetics, recommended dosage, resistance mechanisms, and associated toxicities to provide valuable information on the potential benefits and risks associated with its clinical use. A systematic review of eight scientific articles from 2018 to 2023 was conducted using PRISMA analysis. The results showed that GO treatment activates proapoptotic pathways and induces double-strand breaks, initiating DNA repair mechanisms. Cells defective in DNA repair pathways are susceptible to GO cytotoxicity. GO has recommended doses for newly diagnosed CD33+ AML in combination or as a single agent. Depending on the treatment regimen and patient status, GO doses vary for induction, consolidation, and continuation cycles. Multidrug resistance (MDR) involving P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is associated with GO resistance. The overexpression of P-gp reduces GO cytotoxicity; inhibitors of P-gp can restore sensitivity. Mitochondrial pathway activation and survival signaling pathways are linked to GO resistance. Other resistance mechanisms include altered pharmacokinetics, reduced binding ability, and anti-apoptotic mechanisms. GO has limited extramedullary toxicity compared to other AML treatments and may cause hepatic veno-occlusive disease (HVOD). The incidence of hepatic HVOD after GO therapy is higher in patients with high tumor burden. Hematological side effects and hepatotoxicity are prominent, with thrombocytopenia and neutropenia observed. In conclusion, GO’s reintroduction in 2017 followed a thorough FDA review considering its altered dose, dosing schedule, and target population. The drug’s mechanism involves CD33 targeting and calicheamicin-induced DNA damage, leading to apoptosis and resistance mechanisms, including MDR and survival signaling, which impact treatment outcomes. Despite limited extramedullary toxicity, GO is associated with hematological side effects and hepatotoxicity.

Apocrine hidrocystoma is a rare, benign, cystic tumor of the apocrine sweat glands. They are most commonly located around the eyes and may also be found on the scalp and neck. However, despite the fact that the nipple and areola contain numerous apocrine sweet glands, apocrine hydrocystomas have not been described previously in this area to the best of our knowledge. We report the first case of this cyst in this unsual location.

Programmed cell death receptor 1 inhibitors (anti-PD-1) constitute a form of immunotherapy for the treatment of several cancers. They are associated with cutaneous immune-related adverse events (irAE), occurring in up to 50% of patients. Lichenoid dermatitis is frequent and several presentations have been described. Although attempts have been made to study these reactions, they are yet to be fully characterized and the relationship with tumor response is unclear. We describe a case of digital ulcerative lichenoid dermatitis resembling ulcerative cutaneous lichen planus that occurred during pembrolizumab therapy for oral squamous cell carcinoma. The patient developed a painful ulcer on his index finger 18 months into therapy. Biopsy revealed epidermal ulceration with intense lichenoid dermatitis. Immunohistochemical study revealed intense CD8 positivity at the ulcer's edges and marked CD163 positivity at its base. Although idiopathic forms of this type of lichenoid dermatitis are particularly recalcitrant, our case was successfully managed with topical therapy and oncologic treatment did not require modification. One year after ending treatment the patient remains free of disease progression. It is unclear if this reaction is associated with his favorable oncologic response. This report adds an undescribed reaction to the increasing diversity of cutaneous irAE associated with anti-PD-1 therapy.

Palmoplantar psoriasis is a particularly challenging variant of psoriasis. Psoriasis at this location has a significant impact on health-related quality of life and is often recalcitrant. However, difficult cases may respond to biologic therapies. Paradoxical reactions during treatment with biological agents have been described, mostly during anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy. These typically present as a change in morphology or distribution of lesions. We present a patient with palmoplantar psoriasis treated with ixekizumab who achieved a favorable response that was coupled with a rare paradoxical reaction, reversed plantar involvement. The reason for this phenomenon and its clinical course are uncertain, but these new lesions are proving recalcitrant to complementary therapies. Provided the increasingly widespread use of biologic therapies, the incidence and diversity of paradoxical reactions are expected to increase.

Cowden syndrome (CS) is an infrequent genodermatosis caused by mutations in the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) gene in the majority of cases. As such, it belongs to the PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome spectrum. This disease has a variable clinical expression characterized by the development of multiple hamartomatous tumors in different organs, usually during the second and third decades of life, and a high cumulative risk of several malignancies. We present a case of Cowden syndrome with late diagnosis presenting with a florid dermatological expression and multiple benign tumors, but no malignancies. A novel PTEN mutation was identified.

Plastic mulch films and biofertilizers (processed sewage sludge, compost or manure) have helped to increase crop yields. However, there is increasing evidence that these practices significantly contribute to microplastic contamination in agricultural soils, affecting biodiversity and soil health. Here, we draw attention to the use of hydrolase enzymes that depolymerize polyester-based plastics as a bioremediation technique for agricultural soils (in situ), biofertilizers and irrigation water (ex situ), and discuss the need for fully biodegradable plastic mulches. We also highlight the need for ecotoxicological assessment of the proposed approach and its effects on different soil organisms. Enzymes should be optimized to work effectively and efficiently under the conditions found in natural soils (typically, moist solids at an ambient temperature with low salinity). Such optimization is also necessary to ensure that already distressed ecosystems are not disrupted any further.

Abstract The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has imposed widespread negative impacts (economically, psychologically, neurologically, and societally), and has changed daily behaviors on a global scale. Such impacts are more significant and pervasive in countries with higher levels of inequality and reduced Government capacity and responsiveness, such as those in the Global South (e.g., Colombia). Differences in social and moral cognitive skills may significantly impact individual attitudes and responses to the pandemic. Here, we aimed to assess the extent to which factors associated with prosociality (including empathy, theory of mind (ToM), and moral judgments) predict the perception of SARS-CoV-2 impacts and responses. Participants (N = 413) from Colombia answered factors associated with prosociality measures and judgments about SARS-CoV-2 risk, impact, and acceptance of quarantine guidelines. Results revealed that affective empathy (personal distress and empathic concern) and moral tendencies (deontological trends) predicted greater acceptance of quarantine but in turn yielded an increased perception of risks and individual impacts of SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, age (older) and gender (female) also increased the risk perception and impact estimation. These results underscore the role of prosocial-related predispositions informing individual responses to the pandemic and provide an opportunity to exploit this knowledge to inform successful interventions favoring behavioral change.

The Andalusian Agency of Energy has identified three areas of major interest for harnessing wave energy, in their plan of “Marine Energy and Energy Resources of Andalusia”. One of these areas is located on the Atlantic coast, the bay of Cádiz. Considering this initial interest, the objective of this work is to carry out an evaluation of the performance provided by various technologies of wave energy conversion in the bay of Cádiz. The data for the wave climate in the target area are obtained from the Spanish Agency Puertos del Estado. Diagrams for bivariate distributions of the sea states occurrences, defined by the significant wave height and the energy period, are shown. On this basis, the output of nine different technologies for the conversion of wave energy is assessed in the reference locations in the bay of Cádiz. According to the results obtained, it can be said that the bay of Cádiz is a suitable place for wave energy extraction.

We studied the developmental course of the spreading of phonological activation in individuals with and without dyslexia by means of a phonological version of the Deese/Roediger-McDermott false memory task. The false memory effect is assumed to reflect the spreading of activation from the presented stimuli to similar words in the lexicon. We assessed 35 volunteers with dyslexia and a group of matched controls with ages ranging from 6 to 58 years. They were first presented with six lists of ten two-syllable words each, all of which shared one syllable with a reference unpresented word. Then, they answered a recognition questionnaire including 24 presented words, 18 phonologically related unpresented words, and 12 unrelated unpresented words. False recognition of phonologically related words increased with age in the control group but stayed at very low levels in the dyslexia group. Our study indicates the existence of a deficit in the spreading of phonological activation in individuals with dyslexia throughout life.

Operators of offshore production units (OPUs) employ risk-based assessment (RBA) techniques in order to minimise inspection expenses while maintaining risks at an acceptable level. However, when human divers and workers are involved in inspections conducted at high heights, the operational risks can be significant. Recently, there has been a growing trend towards the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), autonomous surface vehicles (ASVs), remotely operated vehicles (ROVs), and autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) for inspections of offshore structures as a means to reduce exposure to human risk. This article provides an analysis of these vehicle inspection capabilities and their potential to enhance robustness and safety within the oil and gas industry. The review assesses both the advantages and the drawbacks associated with these innovative systems, providing valuable comparisons and assessments on their potential use as viable alternatives to conventional inspection methods.

Calcium (Ca) plays a vital role as a macronutrient in the growth and development of plants. In order of decreasing solubility, Ca can be found in vegetal tissues as soluble Ca (Fraction I), bound Ca (mainly pectates, Fraction II), inorganic insoluble Ca (mainly phosphates and carbonates, Fraction III) and organic insoluble Ca or oxalate (Fraction IV). To explore the impact of Ca fertilizer application on plant growth and its allocation among different fractions, young citrus trees were fed over a complete vegetative cycle with a 44Ca labeled fertilizer (T1-Ca), while control plants (T2) received no Ca fertilizer. The results showed that plants receiving Ca exhibited significantly greater biomass. 44Ca derived from the fertilizer was localized mainly in sink organs (new flush leaves–twigs and fibrous roots). The primary fraction responsible for total Ca partitioning was Fraction II, followed by Fraction III or IV. Citrus plants, commonly found in calcareous soils, demonstrated improved growth with calcium treatments, indicating a positive link between calcium supplementation and enhanced development. The calcium supplied through the fertilizer (44Ca) was predominantly concentrated in sink organs (mainly in Ca-pectate fraction), including new flush leaves and twigs above ground, as well as fibrous roots below ground.

Los Centros de Educación Permanente para personas adultas (CEPER) han experimentado un incremento de migrantes sin conocimiento de español, creando nuevas necesidades didácticas y metodológicas. En este artículo se analizan los datos obtenidos a partir de un cuestionario dirigido a los docentes de educación permanente de Huelva y su provincia, con la finalidad de detectar las necesidades metodológicas específicas. El estudio cualitativo de los contextos observados evidencia deficiencias, debido al déficit de formación inicial del profesorado y de materiales adaptados a las características particulares del alumnado. Asimismo, se observa una falta de atención específica en cuanto a aspectos socioculturales que favorezcan su integración social. El artículo concluye con una reflexión sobre los aspectos fundamentales para el desarrollo de metodologías activas y el uso de materiales multimodales que puedan favorecer la atención al migrante de manera eficaz y significativa. ABSTRACT Adult Continuing Education Centers (ACEC) have experienced an increase in the number of migrants without knowledge of Spanish, creating new didactic and methodological needs. This article analyses the data obtained from a questionnaire addressed to continuing education teachers in Huelva and its province, with the aim of detecting specific methodological needs. The qualitative study of the contexts observed shows serious deficiencies, due to the shortage of training and materials adapted to the particular characteristics of the students. There is also a lack of specific attention to socio-cultural aspects that could support their social integration. The article concludes with a reflection on the fundamental aspects for the development of multimodal materials that can improve the attention to migrants in an effective and meaningful way.

Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT1) deficiency (AAT1D) is an inherited disease with an increased risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), liver disease, and skin and blood vessel problems. AAT1D is caused by mutations in the SERPINE1 gene (Serine Protease Inhibitor, group A, member 1). Numerous variants of this gene, the Pi system, have been identified. The most frequent allelic variants are Pi*M, Pi*S, and Pi*Z. The development of COPD requires both a genetic predisposition and the contribution of an environmental factor, smoking being the most important. Studies on this deficiency worldwide are very scarce, and it is currently considered a rare disease because it is underdiagnosed. The aim of this study was to analyze the genotypic frequencies of mutations associated with AAT1 deficiency in unrelated bone marrow donors from the donor registry of the Region of Murcia in southeastern Spain due to the high risk of presenting with different pathologies and underdiagnosis in the population. A total of 112 DNA-healthy voluntary unrelated bone marrow donors from different parts of the Region of Murcia were analyzed retrospectively. AAT1 deficiency patient testing involved an automated biochemical screening routine. The three main variants, Pi*M, Pi*Z, and Pi*S, were analyzed in the SERPINE1 gene. Our results showed a frequency of 3.12% of the Pi*Z (K342) mutation in over 224 alleles tested in the healthy population. The frequency of Pi*S (V264) was 11.1%. The frequency of the haplotype with the most dangerous mutation, EK342 EE264, was 4.46%, and the frequency of EK342 EV264 was 1.78% in the healthy population. Frequencies of other EE342 EV264-mutated haplotypes accounted for 18.7%. As for the EE342 VV264 haplotype, 0.89% of the total healthy population presented heterozygous for the EV264 mutation and one individual presented homozygous for the VV264 mutation. In conclusion, the frequencies of Pi mutations in the healthy population of the Region of Murcia were not remarkably different from the few studies reported in Spain. The genotype and haplotype frequencies followed the usual pattern. Health authorities should be aware of this high prevalence of the Pi*S allelic variant and pathological genotypes such as Pi*MZ and Pi*SZ in the healthy population if they consider screening the smoking population.

The objective of the study was to specify an abbreviated model of the school coexistence questionnaire for non-violence (CENVI) for students from 5th to 8th grade (9 to 14 years old), in order to determine the perception of violence and management of school coexistence, and the differences between Mapuche and non-Mapuche students. A total of 1870 students from schools in the city of Temuco (Chile) responded to the CENVI questionnaire. There were two samples: (1) Pandemic, with online, face-to-face and hybrid classes; and (2) Post-pandemic, with face-to-face classes. Sample 1 consisted of 848 students aged 9 to 15 years (M = 11.90; SD = 1.27). Sample 2 consisted of 1022 students aged 9 to 14 years (M = 11.46; SD = 1.14). The questionnaire was validated using expert inter-judgment and Confirmatory Factor Analysis. A good fit of the proposed model to the data and good internal consistency measured according to the composite reliability were found, and convergent validity was demonstrated. Mapuche students perceived more physical violence and social exclusion. Cut-off points were proposed for the interpretation of the results. In the data, the effect of Coexistence Management on School Violence was null. The discussion approaches the findings from the literature on education in spaces of socio-cultural diversity in a Mapuche context.

Decompensated cirrhosis is the most common cause of ascites due to hemodynamic and renal alteration by continuous fluid leakage from the hepatic sinusoids and splanchnic capillaries into the interstitial space. Then, fluid leakage exceeds lymphatic return, leading to progressive fluid accumulation directly into the peritoneal cavity. Alcohol consumption is one of the main risks of developing alcoholic cirrhosis (AC), but not all AC patients develop ascites. Avoiding the development of ascites is crucial, given that it deteriorates prognosis and increases the patient mortality patient. The innate immune system plays a crucial role in cirrhosis through natural killer cells, which are abundant in the liver. The aim of this study was to analyze the KIR/HLA-C genetic profile in AC patients with and without ascites to understand this pathology and find predictive clinical susceptibility biomarkers that can help to establish risks and prevent the development of ascites in AC patients. A total of 281 AC patients with and without ascites were analyzed and compared with 319 healthy controls. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood in all groups. A PCR-SSO assay was performed for KIR/HLA genotyping analysis. A total of 16 activating and inhibitor KIR genes and their corresponding known ligands, epitopes of HLA-C, and their genotypes were analyzed. According to our analysis, C1 epitopes were statistically significantly decreased in AC patients with and without ascites. When comparing AC patients with ascites and healthy controls, a significant decrease in C1 epitope frequency was also observed. A statistically significant decrease was also found when comparing the C1C2 genotype in AC patients without ascites with controls. In conclusion, the absence of KIR2DL2 and KIR3DL1 genes may be a predisposing factor for the development of ascites in AC patients. The KIR2DS2/KIR2DL2 may could be involved in grade I ascites development, and the presence of the C1+ epitope and the homozygous C2C2 genotype may be protective genetic factors against ascites development in AC patients.

This study investigated the association between shoulder biomechanics, anthropometric variables and isometric and dynamic forces in the pullover exercise and throwing speed in professional water polo players. 30 elite male players (age: 20 ± 2.7 years; height: 180 ± 5.3 cm, body mass: 80 ± 7.0 kg) from the Spanish top division league were assessed. Bayesian bivariate correlations revealed significant positive correlations with lean mass, trunk length, wingspan, shoulder isometric strength, optimal power load, and pullover from 20% to 80% 1RM and a significant negative correlation with the shoulder internal rotation range of movement. The significance was determined when the percentage of the posterior distribution within the region of practical equivalence (ROPE) was <1%. Predictive projection based on leave-one-out cross-validation identified a submodel with three key predictors: shoulder isometric strength, shoulder internal rotation range of motion, and trunk length. The results suggest that coaches should integrate the identified correlation values related to conditional variables into training programs to optimize the throwing speed. Additionally, they should emphasize the role of key determinants such as lean mass, trunk length, and wingspan in throwing performance. Integrating these findings into training regimens could yield more effective strategies for improving throwing performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: donor-derived circulating free DNA (dd-cfDNA), an innovative biomarker with great potential for the early identification and prevention of graft damage. (2) Methods: Samples were collected prospectively and the study was performed retrospectively to analyze dd-cfDNA plasma levels in 30 kidney transplant patients during their post-transplant follow-up (15 days, 3, 6, and 9 months), to determine if the result could be of interest in the identification of possible adverse events, especially rejection. The aim was to verify whether the data on sensitivity, specificity, NPV, and PPV compare with reference values and creatinine values. (3) Results: We observed levels of dd cfDNA > 1% in six of nine patients with active rejection (ABMR or TCMR) and elevated values (>0.5%) in two other patients in this rejection group. Our results show low values of sensitivity = 50%, specificity = 61.11%, rejection NPV = 64.71%, and rejection PPV = 46.13% of the technique compared to reference values previously published. With respect to creatinine, only for TCRM, we observed better results for dd-cfDNA in these parameters than in creatinine. Also, our data suggest that dd-cfDNA could help to differentiate those patients with dnDSAs that are going to through rejection better than creatinine, specially at 15 d post transplant. In this study, this appears to have no positive predictive value for borderline rejection (BR) or TCMR IA. (4) Conclusions: plasma levels of dd-cfDNA could be considered an additional or alternative biomarker for graft rejection monitoring in early post-kidney transplant up to several months before its clinical presentation, especially for patients with suspected TCMR or ABMR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Structural income inequality – the uneven income distribution across regions or countries – could affect brain structure and function, beyond individual differences. However, the impact of structural income inequality on the brain dynamics and the roles of demographics and cognition in these associations remains unexplored. Methods: Here, we assessed the impact of structural income inequality, as measured by the Gini coefficient on multiple EEG metrics, while considering the subject‐level effects of demographic (age, sex, education) and cognitive factors. Resting‐state EEG signals were collected from a diverse sample (countries = 10; healthy individuals = 1394 from Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Cuba, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Turkey and United Kingdom). Complexity (fractal dimension, permutation entropy, Wiener entropy, spectral structure variability), power spectral and aperiodic components (1/f slope, knee, offset), as well as graph‐theoretic measures were analysed. Findings: Despite variability in samples, data collection methods, and EEG acquisition parameters, structural inequality systematically predicted electrophysiological brain dynamics, proving to be a more crucial determinant of brain dynamics than individual‐level factors. Complexity and aperiodic activity metrics captured better the effects of structural inequality on brain function. Following inequality, age and cognition emerged as the most influential predictors. The overall results provided convergent multimodal metrics of biologic embedding of structural income inequality characterised by less complex signals, increased random asynchronous neural activity, and reduced alpha and beta power, particularly over temporoposterior regions. Conclusion: These findings might challenge conventional neuroscience approaches that tend to overemphasise the influence of individual‐level factors, while neglecting structural factors. Results pave the way for neuroscience‐informed public policies aimed at tackling structural inequalities in diverse populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is focussed on some properties of paramonotone operators on Banach spaces and their application to certain feasibility problems for convex sets in a Hilbert space and convex systems in the Euclidean space. In particular, it shows that operators that are simultaneously paramonotone and bimonotone are constant on their domains, and this fact is applied to tackle two particular situations. The first one, closely related to simultaneous projections, deals with a finite amount of convex sets with an empty intersection and tackles the problem of finding the smallest perturbations (in the sense of translations) of these sets to reach a nonempty intersection. The second is focussed on the distance to feasibility; specifically, given an inconsistent convex inequality system, our goal is to compute/estimate the smallest right-hand side perturbations that reach feasibility. We advance that this work derives lower and upper estimates of such a distance, which become the exact value when confined to linear systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El objetivo de este estudio fue desarrollar una nueva ecuación de regresión antropométrica para predecir el porcentaje de grasa corporal (PGC) en jugadores de fútbol americano utilizando como referencia un modelo de 3 compartimientos (M3C) de composición corporal. Participaron 90 jugadores de fútbol americano (edad 22.4 ± 1.7 años; altura 178.9 ± 6.4 cm; peso 91.9 ± 17.0 kg). Se les evaluó el contenido mineral óseo, la densidad corporal, el grosor de los pliegues cutáneos y el perímetro de la cintura y cadera. Se utilizó la ecuación de Lohman para calcular el porcentaje de grasa corporal a partir del M3C. Se utilizó el análisis stepwise y de regresión para seleccionar y desarrollar los modelos finales. La mejor ecuación fue PGC = 0.265 + (0.328 × SPAPS); SPAPS: suma de los pliegues cutáneos abdominal, pantorrilla y supraespinal (R2 = 0.83; raíz cuadrada de la medida estándar de error = 2.80; p = .000). La nueva ecuación no presentó errores sistemáticos ni proporcionales (intercepción: -3.85 a -0.46; pendiente: 1.01 a 1.22). El sesgo fue de 0.01 y los límites de concordancia fueron de ± 5.5 de PGC entre la nueva ecuación y el M3C. Desarrollamos una ecuación antropométrica nueva y específica para estimar el PGC en jugadores de fútbol americano utilizando sólo 3 pliegues cutáneos, basado en un mejor M3C como referencia. Abstract. The aim of this study was to develop a new anthropometric regression equation to predict the body fat percentage (BFP) in american football players using as a reference a 3-compartment model (3CM) of body composition. Ninety football players participated (age 22.4 ± 1.7 years; height 178.9 ± 6.4 cm; weight 91.9 ± 17.0 kg). The players were evaluated on bone mineral content, body density, skinfold thickness, and waist and hip perimeters. The Lohman equation was used to calculate body fat percentage from the 3CM. Stepwise and regression analysis was used to select and develop the final models. The best equation was: BFP = 0.265 + (0.328 × SFSUM); SFSUM: sum of the abdominal, calf, and supraspinale skinfolds (R2 = 0.83; square root of measure standard of error = 2.80; p = .000). The new equation did not present systematic or proportional error (intercept: -3.85 to -0.46; slope: 1.01 to 1.22). Bias was 0.01 and the limits of agreement were ± 5.5 of BFP between the new equation and the 3CM. We developed a new and specific anthropometric equation to estimate BFP in american football players using only 3 skinfolds and based on a better 3CM as a reference.

Objetivo. Determinar la adherencia a las medidas de prevención de caídas en pacientes adultos internados en un hospital de alta complejidad desde el año 2019 al 2021. Metodología. Estudio cuantitativo, observacional, descriptivo y transversal. La población de estudio fueron las auditorías de prevención de riesgo de caídas en adultos en un hospital de alta complejidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina. La selección de la muestra fue de tipo probabilístico aleatorio, estratificado según el año de recolección del dato (2019-2021). Se tomó una muestra de 246 reportes. Resultados. El porcentaje de adherencia a las medidas de prevención de caídas son: 82% del 2019, 100% del 2020; y en el 2021 del 86%. Dentro del conjunto de medidas, las que presentaron mayor adherencia a lo largo de los últimos 3 años fueron: punto azul en puerta y timbre, arrojando entre un 99-100% de adherencia. Mientras que las medidas relacionadas a la educación y el material educativo presentaron un descenso en el 2021, pasando del 100% de adherencia en el 2020, a 90% y 82% respectivamente. Discusión. Se observó que, a lo largo de los últimos 3 años, la adherencia a las medidas de prevención fue alto, arrojando un 89% de adherencia. En un análisis posterior, observamos que las medidas punto azul pulsera, punto azul puerta, frenos, altura, barandas, educación, timbre y teléfono; fue en aumento. Mientras que, la medida de prevención en relación al material educativo brindado al paciente presentó una disminución en su nivel de adherencia. ABSTRACT Objective. To measure adherence to prevention measures in adult patients admitted to a highly complex hospital from 2019 to 2021. Methodology. Quantitative, observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study. The population observed was based on audit about the prevention risk of falls in adults hospitalized in a high complexity hospital from Buenos Aires, Argentina. The selection of the sample was of random probabilistic type, stratified according to the year of data collection (2019-2021). A sample of 246 audits was taken. Results. The percentage of adherence to fall prevention measures are: 82% in 2019, 100% in 2020; and in 2021 86%. Within the set of measures, those that presented greater adhesion over the last 3 years were: blue dot on the door and bell, yielding between 99-100% adherence. While the measure related to education and educational material presented a decrease in 2021, going from 100% adherence in 2020, to 90% and 82% respectively. Discussion. It was observed that, over the last 3 years, adherence to prevention measures was high, showing 89% adherence. During a later analysis, we observed that the measurements blue dot bracelet, blue dot door, brakes, height, railings, education, doorbell and telephone; increased. Meanwhile, the prevention measure in relation to the educational material provided to the patient, decrease in its level of adherence.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a leading cause of early post-transplant kidney damage. Furthermore, acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is appointed as the most prevalent form of AKI, a frequent multifactorial process associated with high morbidity and mortality, yet giving rise to delayed graft function (DGF) and, ultimately, allograft dysfunction. Common factors such as prolonged cold ischemia time, advanced donor age, cadaveric versus living donor, donor history of hypertension, as well as donation after cardiac death have all been deemed risk factors for ATN. With the increasing number of older cadaveric and cardiac donors in the donation process, ATN could have a detrimental impact on patient welfare. Therefore understanding the underlying process would benefit the transplant outcome. We aimed to prospectively monitor several T cell subsets in a cohort of kidney transplant recipients (KTrs) to investigate whether there is an adaptive immune-mediated involvement in the ATN process. Methods: Peripheral blood was collected from 31 KTrs at different time points within the first-year post-transplantation for in vitro stimulation with Concanavalin-A (Con-A) in a humidified 5% CO2 incubator at 37 °C for 72 hours. Upon cell stimulation, flow cytometry was applied to quantify the surface expression through the median fluorescence intensity (MFI) of CD4+CD25+, CD8+CD25+, CD4+CD38+, CD8+CD38+, CD4+CD154+, CD8+CD154+, CD4+CD69+, CD8+CD69+, CD4+CD95+, and CD8+CD95+ T cells. Statistical analysis was carried out with SPSS Statistics IBM v.25 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY, USA). MFIs values were compared using a univariate analysis by a nonparametric U-Mann Whitney test. ROC analysis was applied to define cut-off values most capable of stratifying patients at high risk of ATN. Spearman’s rank-order coefficient test was applied to correlate biomarkers with allograft function. Multivariate regression independently validated CD8+ T lymphocytes as surrogate biomarkers of ATN. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: KTrs who developed ATN upon transplantation had significantly higher expression of CD25, CD69, and CD95 on CD8+ and lower expression of CD95 on CD4+ T lymphocytes than patients with stable graft function. ROC curve analysis showed that MFIs ≥1015.20 for CD8+CD25+, ≥2489.05 for CD8+CD69+, ≥4257.28 for CD8+CD95+, and ≤1581.98 for CD4+CD95+ were capable of stratifying KTrs at high risk of ATN. Furthermore, patients with an MFI below any cut-off were significantly less likely to develop ATN than those with other values. The allograft function was correlated with the CD4+CD95+/CD8+CD95+ ratio in KTrs who developed ATN. The multivariate analysis confirmed that, within the first-month post-transplant, MFI values of CD8+CD25+, CD4+CD95+, and CD8+CD95+ T lymphocytes, along with donor age, serum creatinine, and GFR were independent risk factors to ATN. Moreover, we were also able to corroborate previous immune factors of importance in immune-mediated response to the allograft, such as the patient’s maximum panel reactive antibody (PRA) or the maintenance immunosuppression therapy. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate evidence for the implication of CD8+ T lymphocytes in the development of ATN early in the post-transplant phase. Post-transplant monitoring of activated CD8+ T lymphocytes may help identify which patients require further clinical intervention to prevent graft damage.

In kidney transplantation, a biopsy is currently the gold standard for monitoring the transplanted organ. However, this is far from an ideal screening method given its invasive nature and the discomfort it can cause the patient. Large-scale studies in renal transplantation show that approximately 1% of biopsies generate major complications, with a risk of macroscopic hematuria greater than 3.5%. It would not be until 2011 that a method to detect donor-derived cell-free DNA (dd-cfDNA) employing digital PCR was devised based on analyzing the differences in SNPs between the donor and recipient. In addition, since the initial validation studies were carried out at the specific moments in which rejection was suspected, there is still not a good understanding of how dd-cfDNA levels naturally evolve post-transplant. In addition, various factors, both in the recipient and the donor, can influence dd-cfDNA levels and cause increases in the levels of dd-cfDNA themselves without suspicion of rejection. All that glitters in this technology is not gold; therefore, in this article, we discuss the current state of clinical studies, the benefits, and disadvantages.