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55. Taking the steps toward sustainable livestock: our multidisciplinary global farm platform journey. [Open Access]

Author

RIVERO, M. J., EVANS, A.C.O., BERNADT, A., CARTMILL, A., DOWSEY, A., FARRUGIA, A., MIGNOLET, C., ENRIQUEZ-HIDALGO, D., CHADWICK, D., MCCRACKEN, D. I., BUSCH, D., PEREYRA GODAY, F., MARTIN, G. B., SANDFORD, G. R., SHERIDAN, H., WRIGHT, I., BRUNET, L., EISLER, M. C., LOPEZ,VILLALOBOS, N., ROVIRA, P.J., HARRIS, P., MURPHY, P., WILLIAMS, A. P., JACKSON, R. D., MACHADO, R., SURAJ, P. T., PUECH, T., BOLAND, T. M., AYALA, W., and LEE, M. R. F.

Subjects
PRECISION FARMING, GRAZING SYSTEMS, SISTEMAS DE PRODUCCIÓN, MIXED FARMING, CIRCULARITY, RESEARCH FARMS, RUMINANT LIVESTOCK
Abstract

Ruminant livestock are a vital global source of highquality protein and bioavailable minerals and vitamins. They support healthy dietary choices by providing milk and meat produced from less productive land and food industry byproducts. However, despite the contribution of ruminants to food systems and the circular bioeconomy, ruminant production systems are increasingly questioned due to their environmental impact, particularly their significant contribution to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and associated global warming. There is a need, therefore, to identify a pathway to sustainable global ruminant production. In 2014, our group defined eight strategies or ?steps? (Eisler et al., 2014), to mitigate the environmental impactsof ruminant production while optimizing the quantity and quality of the food they produce. To realize these goals, we established the ?Global Farm Platform? initiative (www.globalfarmplatform.org), a network of ?farm platforms? or research farms (RFs), to explore multidisciplinary strategies and evaluate different production systems around theglobe (Table 1). Here, we provide a perspective on our approach and the steps we are taking to realize the ambition of supporting sustainable ruminant livestock production as a part of future food systems contributing to both human and planetary health.

Published
2021

57. 2019 Taurid Bolides Imaged in the Framework of the Spanish Fireball Network

Author

Peña-Asensio, E., Trigo-Rodríguez, Josep María, Blanch, Estefanía, Izquierdo, J., Lee, M. R., Pujols, P., Ribas, J., Pichaco, A., Palomeque, M. J., Real, Joan, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), La Caixa, and Generalitat de Catalunya

Abstract

Talk delivered in 51st Lunar and Planetary Science Conference in Texas, USA, 16-20 March 2020., In the continuous monitoring of the night sky over the Iberian Peninsula that is performing from 1999 [1] the Spanish Meteor Network (SPMN) operates about 200 cameras in 30 stations distributed around Spain. Three of the main goals of the SPMN network are obtaining scientific data, providing a rational explanation to bright fireball events, and recover new meteorites. We have a special program dealing with the impact hazard associated with large meteoroids, so gaining insight about the Taurid complex associated with comet 2P/Encke is particularly relevant [1, 2]. Current evidence supports that evolved comets can produce meter-sized meteoroids that are potential meteorite droppers with significant danger by shock waves like e.g. the Chelyabinsk event [3]. We should not forget that the Tunguska event could have been produced by a fragment of comet 2P/Encke [4]., Study supported by the Spanish grants PGC2018-097374-B-I00. EB and DA supported by the URL projects 2016-URL-Trac-001 supported by “Obra Social la Caixa” and 2016-URLIR-001 supported by “Generalitat de Catalunya”.

Published
2020

58. The Composition of Two Ureilites Studied Using X-Ray Powder Difraction

Author

Trigo-Rodríguez, Josep María, Ibáñez Insa, Jordi, Herrero-Pérez, M. J., Rimola, A., Lee, M. R., and Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)

Subjects
X-Ray
Abstract

51st Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, March 16–20, 2020, in The Woodlands, Texas, We have studied two ureilites named EET 96042 and MIL 090031 using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) to characterize the pristine (unweathered) ureilitic mineralogy., We acknowledge support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (project PGC2018-097374-B-I00, PI: JMTR). US Antarctic meteorite samples are recovered by the Antarctic Search for Meteorites (ANSMET) program which has been funded by NSF and NASA, and characterized and curated by the Department of Mineral Sciences of the Smithsonian Institution and Astromaterials Acquisition and Curation Office at NASA Johnson Space Center.

Published
2020

59. Photometric Follow-Up of Interstellar Comet 2I/ BORISOV Since Its Discovery

Author

Tanbakouei, S., Trigo-Rodríguez, Josep María, Borisov, G., Santana-Ros, T., and Lee, M. R.

Abstract

Talk delivered in 51st Lunar and Planetary Science Conference in Texas, USA, 16-20 March 2020, In this abstract we compile the photometric measurements made of comet Borisov to exemplify the relevance of a systematic photometric study of interstellar visitors using meter-class instruments.

Published
2020

82. Xenoliths in the CM2 Carbonaceous Chondrite LON 94101: Implications for Complex Mixing on the Asteroidal Parent Body

Author

Lindgren, P, Lee, M. R, Sofe, M, and Zolensky, M. E

Subjects
Geophysics
Abstract

Xenoliths are foreign clasts that oc-cur in various classes of meteorites, e.g. [1,2,3]. A re-cent study reveals the presence of several distinct classes of xenoliths in regolith-bearing meteorites, in-cluding in over 20 different carbonaceous chondrites [4]. The most common types of xenoliths are fine-grained hydrous clasts, often referred to as C1 or CI clasts in the literature, although their mineralogy is actually more similar to hydrous micrometeorites [5,6]. Xenoliths in meteorites present an opportunity to study material not yet classified or available as separate meteorites, and can provide additional information on processes in the dynamic early history of the Solar Sys-tem. Here we have performed chemical and mineralogi-cal analyses of xenoliths in the CM2 carbonaceous chondrite LON 94101, using scanning electron micro-scopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

Published
2011

83. Petrography and Geochemistry of Metals in Almahata Sitta Ureilites

Author

Ross, A. J, Herrin, J. S, Mittlefehldt, D. W, Downes, H, Smith, C. L, Lee, M. R, Jones, A. P, Jenniskens, P, and Shaddad, M. H

Subjects
Geophysics
Abstract

Ureilites are ultramafic achondrites, predominantly composed of olivine and pyroxenes with accessory carbon, metal and sulfide. The majority of ureilites are believed to represent the mantle of the ureilite parent body (UPB) [1]. Although ureilites have lost much of their original metal [2], the metal that remains retains a record of the formative processes. Almahata Sitta is predominantly composed of unbrecciated ureilites with a wide range of silicate compositions [3,4]. As a fall it presents a rare opportunity to examine fresh ureilite metal in-situ, and analyzing their highly siderophile element (HSE) ratios gives clues to their formation. Bulk siderophile element analyses of Almahata Sitta fall within the range observed in other ureilites [5]. We have examined the metals in seven ureilitic samples of Almahata Sitta (AS) and one associated chondrite fragment (AS#25).

Published
2011

86. Seroprevalence of Aspergillus IgG and disease prevalence of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis in a country with intermediate burden of tuberculosis: a prospective observational study

Author

Lee, M.-R. Huang, H.-L. Chen, L.-C. Yang, H.-C. Ko, J.-C. Cheng, M.-H. Chong, I.-W. Lee, L.-N. Wang, J.-Y. Dimopoulos, G.

Abstract

Objectives: Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) is an emerging global disease with tuberculosis (TB) being the most important risk factor. Epidemiologic data on the seroprevalence of Aspergillus IgG and prevalence of CPA in different areas, especially in country with intermediate burden of TB, are lacking. Methods: We prospectively recruited healthy volunteers, TB close contacts, active TB patients and participants with old pulmonary TB in Taiwan during 2012–2019. We measured serum Aspergillus fumigatus and niger-specific IgG levels and assessed if the participants were having CPA. Results: A total of 1242 participants (including 200 healthy volunteers, 326 TB close contacts, 524 active TB patients and 192 old TB cases) were recruited. Using 27 mgA/L (milligrams of antigen-specific antibodies per liter) as cut-off level, the seropositive rate of A. fumigatus-specific IgG was 33.0% (66/200), 37.7% (123/326), 26.5% (139/524) and 43.2% (83/192) among the four groups, respectively. In multivariate logistic regression, pulmonary cavitation (OR 1.73; 95% CI 1.07–2.80), female sex (OR 1.49; 95% CI 1.14–1.95), old TB (OR 1.59; 1.05–2.42) were independent risk factors for Aspergillus IgG positivity. One (0.2%) active TB patient and four (2.1%) old TB patients developed CPA. Correlation between A. fumigatus and A. niger-specific IgG was high (Spearman correlation coefficient: 0.942). Discussion: Geographic variation in Aspergillus IgG seroprevalence and CPA prevalence exists. A universal cut-off value for Aspergillus IgG may not exist. In areas and populations in which background Aspergillus IgG level is unknown, Aspergillus IgG may be better used as a test of exclusion for CPA using prespecified cut-off level. © 2019 The Author(s)

Published
2020

90. The Rochechouart 2017-Cores Rescaled: Major Features

Author

Lambert, P., Alwmark, C., Baratoux, D., Bouley, S., Brack, A., Bruneton, P., Buchner, E., Dence, M. R., Courtin Nomade, A., Duhamel Achin, I., Floch, J. P., French, B. M., Fudge, C., Gattacceca, J., Gibson, R. L., Goderis, S., Grieve, R. A. F., Hauser, N., Hodges, K. V., Hörz, F., Humayun, M., Jourdan, F., Kelley, S. P., Kenkmann, T., Kring, D. A., Langenhorst, F., Lebreton, J. P., Lee, M. R., Lindgren, P., Lofi, J., Lorand, J. P., Luais, B., Masaitis, V., Meunier, A., Moore, C. B., Ormö, J., Osinski, G. R., Petit, S., Pezard, P. R., Pölchau, M., Pohl, J., Quesnel, Y., Jamboz, C., Reeves, H., Reimold, U. W., Rochette, P., Sapers, H. M., Schmieder, M., Schultz, P. H., Susanne Petra Schwenzer, Sharp, T., Schoemaker, C. S., Simpson, S. L., Stöffler, D., Sturkell, E., Trumel, H., Walton, E., Westall, F., Wittmann, A., Wünnemann, K., Ecosystèmes aquatiques et changements globaux (UR EABX), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Centre International de Recherches et de Restitution sur les Impacts et sur Rochechouart (CIRIR), Department of Geology [Lund], Lund University [Lund], Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géosciences Paris Sud (GEOPS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Géosciences (AREVA-BU Mines), Groupe AREVA, Analytical, Environmental and Geo- Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Geological Survey of Canada [Ottawa] (GSC Central & Northern Canada), Geological Survey of Canada - Office (GSC), Natural Resources Canada (NRCan)-Natural Resources Canada (NRCan), Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Smithsonian Institution, Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of the Witwatersrand [Johannesburg] (WITS), University of Western Ontario (UWO), University of Brasilia [Brazil] (UnB), NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA, Florida State University [Tallahassee] (FSU), School of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Perth], Curtin University [Perth], Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC)-Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC), The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Department of Geosciences - Earth Sciences [Fribourg], University of Fribourg, Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), School of Geographical and Earth Sciences [Univ Glasgow], University of Glasgow, Géosciences Montpellier, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), A. P. Karpinsky Russian Geological Research Institute (VSEGEI), Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), Université de Poitiers-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center for Meteorite Studies [Tempe], Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid] (CAB), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Métallogénie - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Laboratoire Pierre Süe (LPS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences [Pasadena], California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Brown University, Arizona Geological Survey, CSIRO Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Museum für Naturkunde [Berlin], Department of Earth Sciences [Gothenburg], University of Gothenburg (GU), CEA Le Ripault (CEA Le Ripault), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), University of Alberta, LUAIS, Béatrice, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Vrije Universiteit [Brussels] (VUB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], Laboratoire de physique et chimie de l'environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), UMR 7328 CNRS/Université d'Orléans, Université d'Orléans (UO), School of Geographical and Earth Sciences [Glasgow], Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique UMR6112 (LPG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université d'Angers (UA), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), CEA-CNRS UMR 9956, CEA Saclay, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), CIRIR, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Fribourg = University of Fribourg (UNIFR)

Subjects
[SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [SDU.STU.PL] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2019

93. The risk of tuberculosis in children after close exposure: a systematic review and individual-participant meta-analysis

Author

Martinez, L, Cords, O, Horsburgh, CR, Andrews, JR, Acuna-Villaorduna, C, Desai Ahuja, S, Altet, N, Augusto, O, Baliashvili, D, Basu, S, Becerra, M, Bonnet, M, Henry Boom, W, Borgdorff, M, Boulahbal, F, Carvalho, ACC, Cayla, JA, Chakhaia, T, Chan, P-C, Cohen, T, Croda, J, Datta, S, del Corral, H, Denholm, JT, Dietze, R, Dobler, CC, Donkor, S, Egere, U, Ellner, JJ, Espinal, M, Evans, CA, Fang, C-T, Fielding, K, Fox, GJ, García, LF, García-Basteiro, AL, Geis, S, Graham, SM, Grandjean, L, Hannoun, D, Hatherill, M, Hauri, AM, Hesseling, AC, Hill, PC, Huang, L-M, Huerga, H, Hussain, R, Jarlsberg, L, Jones-López, EC, Kato, S, Kato-Maeda, M, Kampmann, B, Kirchner, HL, Kritski, A, Lange, C, Lee, C-H, Lee, L-N, Lee, M-R, Lemos, AC, Lienhardt, C, Ling, D-L, Liu, Q, Lo, NC, Long, R, Lopez-Varela, E, Lu, P, Magee, M, Malone, LL, Mandalakas, AM, Martinson, NA, Mazahir, R, Murray, MB, Netto, EM, Otero, L, Parsonnet, J, Reingold, A, Schaaf, HS, Seddon, JA, Sharma, S, Singh, J, Singh, S, Sloot, R, Sotgiu, G, Stein, CM, Iqbal, NT, Triasih, R, Trieu, L, van der Loeff, MFS, Van der Stuyft, P, van Schalkwyk, C, Vashishtha, R, Verhagen, LM, Villalba, JA, Wang, J-Y, Whalen, CC, Yoshiyama, T, Zar, HJ, Zellweger, J-P, Zhu, L, Martinez, L, Cords, O, Horsburgh, CR, Andrews, JR, Acuna-Villaorduna, C, Desai Ahuja, S, Altet, N, Augusto, O, Baliashvili, D, Basu, S, Becerra, M, Bonnet, M, Henry Boom, W, Borgdorff, M, Boulahbal, F, Carvalho, ACC, Cayla, JA, Chakhaia, T, Chan, P-C, Cohen, T, Croda, J, Datta, S, del Corral, H, Denholm, JT, Dietze, R, Dobler, CC, Donkor, S, Egere, U, Ellner, JJ, Espinal, M, Evans, CA, Fang, C-T, Fielding, K, Fox, GJ, García, LF, García-Basteiro, AL, Geis, S, Graham, SM, Grandjean, L, Hannoun, D, Hatherill, M, Hauri, AM, Hesseling, AC, Hill, PC, Huang, L-M, Huerga, H, Hussain, R, Jarlsberg, L, Jones-López, EC, Kato, S, Kato-Maeda, M, Kampmann, B, Kirchner, HL, Kritski, A, Lange, C, Lee, C-H, Lee, L-N, Lee, M-R, Lemos, AC, Lienhardt, C, Ling, D-L, Liu, Q, Lo, NC, Long, R, Lopez-Varela, E, Lu, P, Magee, M, Malone, LL, Mandalakas, AM, Martinson, NA, Mazahir, R, Murray, MB, Netto, EM, Otero, L, Parsonnet, J, Reingold, A, Schaaf, HS, Seddon, JA, Sharma, S, Singh, J, Singh, S, Sloot, R, Sotgiu, G, Stein, CM, Iqbal, NT, Triasih, R, Trieu, L, van der Loeff, MFS, Van der Stuyft, P, van Schalkwyk, C, Vashishtha, R, Verhagen, LM, Villalba, JA, Wang, J-Y, Whalen, CC, Yoshiyama, T, Zar, HJ, Zellweger, J-P, and Zhu, L

Abstract

Background Tens of millions of children are exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis globally every year; however, there are no contemporary estimates of the risk of developing tuberculosis in exposed children. The effectiveness of contact investigations and preventive therapy remains poorly understood. Methods In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we investigated the development of tuberculosis in children closely exposed to a tuberculosis case and followed for incident disease. We restricted our search to cohort studies published between Jan 1, 1998, and April 6, 2018, in MEDLINE, Web of Science, BIOSIS, and Embase electronic databases. Individual-participant data and a pre-specified list of variables were requested from authors of all eligible studies. These included characteristics of the exposed child, the index case, and environmental characteristics. To be eligible for inclusion in the final analysis, a dataset needed to include: (1) individuals below 19 years of age; (2) follow-up for tuberculosis for a minimum of 6 months; (3) individuals with household or close exposure to an individual with tuberculosis; (4) information on the age and sex of the child; and (5) start and end follow-up dates. Studies assessing incident tuberculosis but without dates or time of follow-up were excluded. Our analysis had two primary aims: (1) estimating the risk of developing tuberculosis by time-period of follow-up, demographics (age, region), and clinical attributes (HIV, tuberculosis infection status, previous tuberculosis); and (2) estimating the effectiveness of preventive therapy and BCG vaccination on the risk of developing tuberculosis. We estimated the odds of prevalent tuberculosis with mixed-effects logistic models and estimated adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for incident tuberculosis with mixed-effects Poisson regression models. The effectiveness of preventive therapy against incident tuberculosis was estimated through propensity score matching. The study protoco

Published
2020

100. Reemplazo de una pradera permanente y su efecto en el primer año en una lechería comercial

Author

Rivero, M. J., Orr, R. J., Coumbe, J., Willson, B., Evans, J., and Lee, M. R. F.

Abstract

The objective was to assess the impact of replacing a permanent pasture with a reseeded pasture on system productivity and product quality in the first year of establishment under commercial conditions management. Dairy cows were allocated to treatment based on pasture availability at the start of the season following standard commercial practices. Seventy autumn-calved cows grazed a high sugar grass pasture (14.1 ha reseeded in September 2015) and 55 grazed a permanent pasture (12.1 ha) from April to June 2016. Pastures snip samples were taken to assess nutritional composition every two weeks. Milk production and composition was measured on 4th May and 10th June. A slightly higher content of water soluble carbohydrate was observed in May on the reseeded sward (27.1 vs. 25.8%) coinciding with a higher milk yield (24.6 vs. 22.9 L d-1 per cow), lactose content (4.41 vs. 4.34%), and a lower somatic cell account (59,400 vs. 113,300 cell mL-1), compared to the permanent pasture. Pasture varied in nutritional value across the study. In June, no differences in milk production or composition were observed. However, the reseeded sward was estimated to produce 12.3% more milk per ha than the permanent pasture during the experimental period (113.8 vs. 101.3 L ha-1 d-1), driven by the greater carrying capacity of the sward (5 vs. 4.5 LU ha-1). This farm case study shows the potential of a reseeded pasture to outperform permanent pasture even in the first year of establishment at a farm system scale., El objetivo fue evaluar el impacto de reemplazar una pradera permanente con una sembrada en la productividad del sistema y la calidad del producto en el primer año de establecimiento en condiciones comerciales de manejo. Las vacas lecheras fueron asignadas a los tratamientos en base a la disponibilidad de pradera al comienzo de la temporada siguiendo las prácticas comerciales estándar. Setenta vacas de parto de otoño pastorearon una pradera de ballica perenne de un cultivar alto en azúcar (14,1 ha sembrada en septiembre 2015) y 55 pastorearon una pradera permanente (12,1 ha) desde abril a junio 2016. Las praderas fueron muestreadas para evaluar la composición nutricional cada dos semanas. La producción y composición de la leche fue medida el 4 de mayo y 10 de junio. Un leve mayor contenido de carbohidratos solubles fue observado en mayo en la pradera sembrada (27,1 vs. 25,8%) coincidiendo con una mayor producción de leche (24,6 vs. 22,9 L d-1 por vaca), contenido de lactosa (4,41 vs. 4,34%), y menor recuento de células somáticas (59.400 vs. 113.300 células mL-1), comparado con las vacas de la pradera permanente. Las praderas variaron en composición nutricional a lo largo del estudio. En junio no se observaron diferencias en la producción o composición de la leche. Sin embargo, se estimó que la pradera sembrada produjo un 12,3% más leche por hectárea que la pradera permanente durante el periodo experimental (113,8 vs. 101,3 L ha-1 d-1), generado por la mayor carga animal soportada (5 vs. 4,5 UG ha-1). Este estudio de caso muestra el potencial de una pradera sembrada para superar el desempeño de una pradera permanente en el primer año de establecimiento a nivel de predio.

Published
2018

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