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Controlled-release of antioxidant from packaging film to the oil-rich food can help retard the oxidation of lipids. The production of hydroperoxides in the oil-rich liquid food, an index of oxidation, was modeled from the literature data and simulated mathematically as function of tocopherol loading and diffusivity in the packaging film in order to find the best package design parameters that can provide the extended shelf life. Fick's second law combined with the oxidation kinetics was solved numerically to determine the shelf life, which is the time for hydroperoxides to reach 41.25 mmol/kg in the food. For a typical system consisting of packaging film of 76.2 μm thickness in contact with the food of 50 times larger in volume at 40°C, the optimal loading that led to the longest shelf life was found to be lower with higher diffusivity film. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article explains the heightened aggressiveness that North Korea has shown since late 2009. It argues that a combination of militarism and frustration amplified by precarious leadership transition caused Pyongyang's astonishing belligerence. Simultaneously, it calls into question common alternative accounts pointing to either excessive or insufficient engagement or a presumably uncontrolled military as the primary cause for North Korean hostility. In addition, the article argues that North Korean aggressiveness is channelled towards South Korea (rather than the United States) and particularly its western maritime frontier, because there are especially acute grievances in that region and safer grounds for implementing militaristic policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]