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51. Climate change and global health: A call to more research and more action

Author

Agache, Ioana, primary, Sampath, Vanitha, additional, Aguilera, Juan, additional, Akdis, Cezmi A., additional, Akdis, Mubeccel, additional, Barry, Michele, additional, Bouagnon, Aude, additional, Chinthrajah, Sharon, additional, Collins, William, additional, Dulitzki, Coby, additional, Erny, Barbara, additional, Gomez, Jason, additional, Goshua, Anna, additional, Jutel, Marek, additional, Kizer, Kenneth W., additional, Kline, Olivia, additional, LaBeaud, A. Desiree, additional, Pali‐Schöll, Isabella, additional, Perrett, Kirsten P., additional, Peters, Rachel L., additional, Plaza, Maria Pilar, additional, Prunicki, Mary, additional, Sack, Todd, additional, Salas, Renee N., additional, Sindher, Sayantani B., additional, Sokolow, Susanne H., additional, Thiel, Cassandra, additional, Veidis, Erika, additional, Wray, Brittany Delmoro, additional, Traidl‐Hoffmann, Claudia, additional, Witt, Christian, additional, and Nadeau, Kari C., additional

Published
2022
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55. Climate Change and Global Health: A Call to more Research and more Action

Author

Agache, Ioana, primary, Aguilera, Juan, additional, A, Cezmi Akdis, additional, Akdis, Mubeccel, additional, Barry, Michele, additional, Bouagnon, Aude, additional, Chinthrajah, Sharon, additional, Collins, William, additional, Dulitzki, Coby, additional, Erny, Barbara, additional, Gomez, Jason, additional, Goshua, Anna, additional, Jutel, Marek, additional, Kizer, Kenneth, additional, Kline, Olivia, additional, LaBeaud, A. Desiree, additional, Pali-Schöll, Isabella, additional, Perrett, Kirsten, additional, Peters, Rachel, additional, Plaza, Maria, additional, Prunicki, Mary, additional, Sack, Todd, additional, Salas, Renee N., additional, Sampath, Vanitha, additional, Sindher, Sayantani, additional, Sokolow, Susanne H., additional, Thiel, Cassandra, additional, Veidis, Erika, additional, Wray, Brittany Delmoro, additional, Traidl-Hoffmann, Claudia, additional, Witt, Christian, additional, and Nadeau, Kari, additional

Published
2021
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56. Early Childhood Anemia in a Birth Cohort in Coastal Kenya: Links to Infection and Nutrition

Author

Kao, Julia, Mutuku, Francis, Martin, Shanique, Lee, Justin, Mwandi, Jackson, Mukoko, Dunstan, Malhotra, Indu, King, Charles H., and LaBeaud, Angelle Desiree

Subjects
Male, Helminthiasis, Infant, Nutritional Status, Anemia, Articles, Child Nutrition Disorders, Kenya, Malaria, Cohort Studies, Cross-Sectional Studies, Socioeconomic Factors, Child, Preschool, Prevalence, Humans, Female
Abstract

Anemia is known to impact a child’s growth and development, but not all anemias are caused by iron deficiency, and the CDC and WHO have emphasized investigating other contributors to anemia. This cross-sectional sub-study of a 2012–2016 maternal-child cohort in coastal Kenya evaluated 244 children and found 185 (76%) to have been anemic on at least one time point since birth. At the time of assessment in 2016, evaluation included a complete blood count, nutritional assessment, and testing for parasitic infections, focusing on the primary outcome of anemia, defined as hemoglobin (Hb) < 11 g/dL. The average age at assessment was 20.5 ± 7 months. Ninety-five percent had a lifetime average Hb in the anemic range. Adjusting for age and gender, prior or current malaria infection (prior: Hb β = −0.99, 95% CI: −1.49 to −0.49, P = 0.01), or having any current infection with hookworm, Trichuris, Strongyloides, Ascaris, and/or malaria (β = −0.84, 95% CI: −1.36 to −0.33, P = 0.01) was associated with decreased current Hb. Nutritional evaluation revealed that children with a declining Hb ate fewer vitamin-A–rich vegetables per week (P = 0.01) or eggs (P = 0.01), drank more milk (P = 0.07), and ate more bread (P = 0.01), and were more likely to live in a household that experienced food shortage (P = 0.05). The high prevalence of anemia, polyparasitism, and dietary insufficiency among children in rural coastal Kenya suggests that remedial interventions will need to address both diet and parasitic infections to effectively combat this significant health threat.

Published
2019

58. Neurodevelopment in normocephalic children with and without prenatal Zika virus exposure

Author

Blackmon, Karen, primary, Evans, Roberta, additional, Fernandes, Michelle, additional, Landon, Barbara, additional, Noel, Trevor, additional, Macpherson, Calum, additional, Cudjoe, Nikita, additional, Burgen, Kemi S, additional, Punch, Bianca, additional, Krystosik, Amy, additional, Grossi-Soyster, Elysse N, additional, LaBeaud, Angelle Desiree, additional, and Waechter, Randall, additional

Published
2021
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59. Climate predicts geographic and temporal variation in mosquito-borne disease dynamics on two continents

Author

UCL - SST/ELI/ELIC - Earth & Climate, Caldwell, Jamie M., LaBeaud, A. Desiree, Lambin, Eric, Stewart-Ibarra, Anna M., Mordecai, Erin A., UCL - SST/ELI/ELIC - Earth & Climate, Caldwell, Jamie M., LaBeaud, A. Desiree, Lambin, Eric, Stewart-Ibarra, Anna M., and Mordecai, Erin A.

Abstract

Climate drives population dynamics through multiple mechanisms, which can lead to seemingly context-dependent effects of climate on natural populations. For climate-sensitive diseases, such as dengue, chikungunya, and Zika, climate appears to have opposing effects in different contexts. Here we show that a model, parameterized with laboratory measured climate-driven mosquito physiology, captures three key epidemic characteristics across ecologically and culturally distinct settings in Ecuador and Kenya: the number, timing, and duration of outbreaks. The model generates a range of disease dynamics consistent with observed Aedes aegypti abundances and laboratory-confirmed arboviral incidence with variable accuracy (28–85% for vectors, 44–88% for incidence). The model predicted vector dynamics better in sites with a smaller proportion of young children in the population, lower mean temperature, and homes with piped water and made of cement. Models with limited calibration that robustly capture climate-virus relationships can help guide intervention efforts and climate change disease projections.

Published
2021

60. Arbovirus prevalence in mosquitoes, Kenya

Author

LaBeaud, A. Desiree, Sutherland, Laura J., Muiruri, Samuel, Muchiri, Eric M., Gray, Laurie R., Zimmerman, Peter A., Hise, Amy G., and King, Charles H.

Subjects
Rift Valley fever -- Demographic aspects -- Health aspects, West Nile fever -- Demographic aspects -- Health aspects, Arboviruses -- Health aspects, Mosquitoes -- Health aspects, Health
Abstract

Emerging zoonotic diseases threaten the health and security of human and animal populations throughout the world (1). Because arthropod-borne viruses, or arboviruses, can be spread by competent mosquito vectors across [...]

Published
2011
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61. No Evidence of O’nyong-nyong Viremia among Children with Febrile Illness in Kenya (2015–2018)

Author

Shah, Melisa M., primary, Ndenga, Bryson A., additional, Mutuku, Francis M., additional, Okuta, Victoria, additional, Ronga, Charles O., additional, Chebii, Philip K., additional, Maina, Priscilla, additional, Jembe, Zainab, additional, Sahoo, Malaya K., additional, Huang, ChunHong, additional, Weber, Jenna, additional, Pinsky, Benjamin A., additional, and LaBeaud, Angelle Desiree, additional

Published
2021
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62. Interepidemic Rift Valley fever virus seropositivity, Northeastern Kenya

Author

LaBeaud, A. Desiree, Muchiri, Eric M., Ndzovu, Malik, Mwanje, Mariam T., Muiruri, Samuel, Peters, Clarence J., and King, Charles H.

Subjects
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay -- Surveys, Immunoglobulin G -- Surveys
Abstract

Most outbreaks of Rift Valley fever (RVF) occur in remote locations after floods. To determine environmental risk factors and long-term sequelae of human RVF, we examined rates of previous Rift [...]

Published
2008

66. Emerging and Reemeriging Human Bunyavirus Infections and Climate Change

Author

Sutherland, Laura J, Anyamba, Assaf, and LaBeaud, A. Desiree

Subjects
Life Sciences (General)
Abstract

The Bunyaviridae family includes a growing number of viruses that have contributed to the burden of emerging and reemerging infectious diseases around the globe. Many of these viruses cause severe clinical outcomes in human and animal populations, the results of which can be detrimental to public health and the economies of affected communities. The threat to endemic and non-native regions is particularly high, and national and international public health agencies are often on alert. Many of the bunyaviruses cause severe clinical disease including hemorrhage, organ failure, and death leading to their high-risk classification. Hantaviruses and Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) (genus Phlebovirus) are National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Category A priority pathogens in the United States. Viral hemorrhagic fevers, a classification that includes many bunyaviruses, are immediately notifiable in the European Union. The emergence of new and reemerging bunyaviruses has resulted in numerous human and animal fatalities. Outbreaks of Rift Valley fever (RVF) in East Africa (1997/1998, 2006/2007), Sudan (2007), Southern Africa (2008-2010), Kenya (1997/1998, 2006/2007) (Anyamba et al., 2009, 2010; Breiman et al., 2010; Grobbelaar et al., 2011; Woods et al., 2002) and Saudi Arabia & Yemen (2000, 2010) (Food and Agriculture Organization, 2000; Hjelle and Glass, 2000; Madani et al., 2003) and the emergence of Sin Nombre virus (1993) (Hjelle and Glass, 2000) and most recently Schmallenberg virus (2011) (DEFRA, 2012) are prime examples of the devastating and worldwide toll bunyaviruses have on health and economies. Climate variability (precipitation and temperature in particular) greatly influence the ecological conditions that drive arboviral disease outbreaks across the globe. Several human and animal disease outbreaks have been influenced by changes in climate associated with the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon including the bunyaviruses RVFV and Sin Nombre (an etiologic agent of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS)), as well as Murray Valley encephalitis, chikungunya, and malaria to name but a few (Anyamba et al., 2009; Bouma and Dye, 1997; Chretien et al., 2007; Engelthaler et al., 1999; Kovats et al., 2003; Linthicum et al., 1999; Nicholls, 1986). Most bunyaviruses exhibit episodic outbreak patterns with seasonal or annual trends dependent upon climate conditions, vector abundance, and the proximity of a susceptible population. The implications for continued climate change are dire, especially with regard to vector-borne diseases, many of which can cause severe morbidity, sequelae, and death. Increased rainfall and widening endemicity as a result of climate change, compounded by the emergence of new viruses, poses a serious threat to a greater geographic range beyond the regions of endemicity.

Published
2013

67. Epilepsy surveillance in normocephalic children with and without prenatal Zika virus exposure

Author

Blackmon, Karen, primary, Waechter, Randall, additional, Landon, Barbara, additional, Noël, Trevor, additional, Macpherson, Calum, additional, Donald, Tyhiesia, additional, Cudjoe, Nikita, additional, Evans, Roberta, additional, Burgen, Kemi S., additional, Jayatilake, Piumi, additional, Oyegunle, Vivian, additional, Pedraza, Otto, additional, Abdel Baki, Samah, additional, Thesen, Thomas, additional, Dlugos, Dennis, additional, Chari, Geetha, additional, Patel, Archana A., additional, Grossi-Soyster, Elysse N., additional, Krystosik, Amy R., additional, and LaBeaud, A. Desiree, additional

Published
2020
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68. Pre and postnatal exposure to Chikungunya virus does not affect child neurodevelopmental outcomes at two years of age

Author

Waechter, Randall, primary, Ingraham, Erinique, additional, Evans, Roberta, additional, Cudjoe, Nikita, additional, Krystosik, Amy, additional, Isaac, Rashida, additional, Watts, Ashlee, additional, Noël, Trevor, additional, Landon, Barbara, additional, Fernandes, Michelle, additional, Mapp-Alexander, Veronica, additional, Suresh, Priyanka, additional, Mitchell, George, additional, Macpherson, Calum, additional, Gérardin, Patrick, additional, and LaBeaud, A. Desiree, additional

Published
2020
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71. Evidence of transovarial transmission of Chikungunya and Dengue viruses in field-caught mosquitoes in Kenya

Author

Heath, Claire J., primary, Grossi-Soyster, Elysse N., additional, Ndenga, Bryson A., additional, Mutuku, Francis M., additional, Sahoo, Malaya K., additional, Ngugi, Harun N., additional, Mbakaya, Joel O., additional, Siema, Peter, additional, Kitron, Uriel, additional, Zahiri, Nayer, additional, Hortion, Jimmy, additional, Waggoner, Jesse J., additional, King, Charles H., additional, Pinsky, Benjamin A., additional, and LaBeaud, A. Desiree, additional

Published
2020
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74. Climate predicts geographic and temporal variation in mosquito-borne disease dynamics on two continents

Author

Caldwell, Jamie M., primary, LaBeaud, A. Desiree, additional, Lambin, Eric F., additional, Stewart-Ibarra, Anna M., additional, Ndenga, Bryson A., additional, Mutuku, Francis M., additional, Krystosik, Amy R., additional, Ayala, Efraín Beltrán, additional, Anyamba, Assaf, additional, Borbor-Cordova, Mercy J., additional, Damoah, Richard, additional, Grossi-Soyster, Elysse N., additional, Heras, Froilán Heras, additional, Ngugi, Harun N., additional, Ryan, Sadie J., additional, Shah, Melisa M., additional, Sippy, Rachel, additional, and Mordecai, Erin A., additional

Published
2020
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77. Visual Acuity Deficits in Otherwise Normally Developing Zika Virus Exposed Children

Author

Blackmon, Karen, primary, Evans, Roberta, additional, Fernandes, Michelle, additional, Landon, Barbara, additional, Noël, Trevor, additional, Macpherson, Calum, additional, Cudjoe, Nikita, additional, Burgen, Kemi S., additional, Punch, Bianca, additional, Krystosik, Amy R., additional, Grossi-Soyster, Elysse N., additional, LaBeaud, A. Desiree, additional, and Waechter, Randall, additional

Published
2020
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78. Neurodevelopment in normocephalic children with and without prenatal Zika virus exposure.

Author

Blackmon, Karen, Evans, Roberta, Fernandes, Michelle, Landon, Barbara, Noel, Trevor, Macpherson, Calum, Cudjoe, Nikita, Burgen, Kemi S., Punch, Bianca, Krystosik, Amy, Grossi Soyster, Elysse N., LaBeaud, Angelle Desiree, and Waechter, Randall

Subjects
ZIKA virus, NEURAL development, NEURAL stem cells, VISION testing, CONTRAST sensitivity (Vision), BIRTH size
Abstract

Objective: Zika virus (ZIKV) targets neural stem cells in the developing brain. However, the majority of ZIKV-exposed children are born without apparent neurological manifestations. It remains unclear if these children were protected from ZIKV neurotropism or if they harbour subtle pathology that is disruptive to brain development. We assess this by comparing neurodevelopmental outcomes in normocephalic ZIKV-exposed children relative to a parallel control group of unexposed controls.Design: Cohort study.Setting: Public health centres in Grenada, West Indies.Patients: 384 mother-child pairs were enrolled during a period of active ZIKV transmission (April 2016-March 2017) and prospectively followed up to 30 months. Child exposure status was based on laboratory assessment of prenatal and postnatal maternal serum.Main Outcome Measures: The INTERGROWTH-21st Neurodevelopment Assessment (INTER-NDA) package and Cardiff Vision Tests, administered and scored by research staff masked to child's exposure status.Results: A total of 131 normocephalic ZIKV exposed (n=68) and unexposed (n=63) children were assessed between 22 and 30 months of age. Approximately half of these children completed vision testing. There were no group differences in sociodemographics. Deficits in visual acuity (31%) and contrast sensitivity (23%) were apparent in the ZIKV-exposed infants in the absence of cognitive, motor, language or behavioural delays.Conclusions: Overall neurodevelopment is likely to be unaffected in ZIKV-exposed children with normal head circumference at birth and normal head growth in the first 2 years of life. However, the visual system may be selectively vulnerable, which indicates the need for vision testing by 3 years of age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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79. Understanding the relation between Zika virus infection during pregnancy and adverse fetal, infant and child outcomes : A protocol for a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis of longitudinal studies of pregnant women and their infants and children

Author

Wilder-Smith, Annelies, Wei, Yinghui, Araújo, Thalia Velho Barreto De, Vankerkhove, Maria, Turchi Martelli, Celina Maria, Turchi, Marília Dalva, Teixeira, Mauro, Tami, Adriana, Souza, João, Sousa, Patricia, Soriano-Arandes, Antoni, Soria-Segarra, Carmen, Sanchez Clemente, Nuria, Rosenberger, Kerstin Daniela, Reveiz, Ludovic, Prata-Barbosa, Arnaldo, Pomar, Léo, Pelá Rosado, Luiza Emylce, Perez, Freddy, Passos, Saulo D., Nogueira, Mauricio, Noel, Trevor P., Moura Da Silva, Antônio, Moreira, Maria Elisabeth, Morales, Ivonne, Miranda Montoya, Maria Consuelo, Miranda-Filho, Demócrito De Barros, Maxwell, Lauren, Macpherson, Calum N.L., Low, Nicola, Lan, Zhiyi, Labeaud, Angelle Desiree, Koopmans, Marion, Kim, Caron, João, Esaú, Jaenisch, Thomas, Hofer, Cristina Barroso, Gustafson, Paul, Gérardin, Patrick, Ganz, Jucelia S., Dias, Ana Carolina Fialho, Elias, Vanessa, Duarte, Geraldo, Debray, Thomas Paul Alfons, Cafferata, María Luisa, Buekens, Pierre, Broutet, Nathalie, Brickley, Elizabeth B., Brasil, Patrícia, Brant, Fátima, Bethencourt, Sarah, Benedetti, Andrea, Avelino-Silva, Vivian Lida, Ximenes, Ricardo Arraes De Alencar, Alves Da Cunha, Antonio, Alger, Jackeline, Wilder-Smith, Annelies, Wei, Yinghui, Araújo, Thalia Velho Barreto De, Vankerkhove, Maria, Turchi Martelli, Celina Maria, Turchi, Marília Dalva, Teixeira, Mauro, Tami, Adriana, Souza, João, Sousa, Patricia, Soriano-Arandes, Antoni, Soria-Segarra, Carmen, Sanchez Clemente, Nuria, Rosenberger, Kerstin Daniela, Reveiz, Ludovic, Prata-Barbosa, Arnaldo, Pomar, Léo, Pelá Rosado, Luiza Emylce, Perez, Freddy, Passos, Saulo D., Nogueira, Mauricio, Noel, Trevor P., Moura Da Silva, Antônio, Moreira, Maria Elisabeth, Morales, Ivonne, Miranda Montoya, Maria Consuelo, Miranda-Filho, Demócrito De Barros, Maxwell, Lauren, Macpherson, Calum N.L., Low, Nicola, Lan, Zhiyi, Labeaud, Angelle Desiree, Koopmans, Marion, Kim, Caron, João, Esaú, Jaenisch, Thomas, Hofer, Cristina Barroso, Gustafson, Paul, Gérardin, Patrick, Ganz, Jucelia S., Dias, Ana Carolina Fialho, Elias, Vanessa, Duarte, Geraldo, Debray, Thomas Paul Alfons, Cafferata, María Luisa, Buekens, Pierre, Broutet, Nathalie, Brickley, Elizabeth B., Brasil, Patrícia, Brant, Fátima, Bethencourt, Sarah, Benedetti, Andrea, Avelino-Silva, Vivian Lida, Ximenes, Ricardo Arraes De Alencar, Alves Da Cunha, Antonio, and Alger, Jackeline

Published
2019

80. Understanding the relation between Zika virus infection during pregnancy and adverse fetal, infant and child outcomes: A protocol for a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis of longitudinal studies of pregnant women and their infants and children

Author

Epi Methoden Team 2, Circulatory Health, JC onderzoeksprogramma Methodologie, Wilder-Smith, Annelies, Wei, Yinghui, Araújo, Thalia Velho Barreto De, Vankerkhove, Maria, Turchi Martelli, Celina Maria, Turchi, Marília Dalva, Teixeira, Mauro, Tami, Adriana, Souza, João, Sousa, Patricia, Soriano-Arandes, Antoni, Soria-Segarra, Carmen, Sanchez Clemente, Nuria, Rosenberger, Kerstin Daniela, Reveiz, Ludovic, Prata-Barbosa, Arnaldo, Pomar, Léo, Pelá Rosado, Luiza Emylce, Perez, Freddy, Passos, Saulo D., Nogueira, Mauricio, Noel, Trevor P., Moura Da Silva, Antônio, Moreira, Maria Elisabeth, Morales, Ivonne, Miranda Montoya, Maria Consuelo, Miranda-Filho, Demócrito De Barros, Maxwell, Lauren, Macpherson, Calum N.L., Low, Nicola, Lan, Zhiyi, Labeaud, Angelle Desiree, Koopmans, Marion, Kim, Caron, João, Esaú, Jaenisch, Thomas, Hofer, Cristina Barroso, Gustafson, Paul, Gérardin, Patrick, Ganz, Jucelia S., Dias, Ana Carolina Fialho, Elias, Vanessa, Duarte, Geraldo, Debray, Thomas Paul Alfons, Cafferata, María Luisa, Buekens, Pierre, Broutet, Nathalie, Brickley, Elizabeth B., Brasil, Patrícia, Brant, Fátima, Bethencourt, Sarah, Benedetti, Andrea, Avelino-Silva, Vivian Lida, Ximenes, Ricardo Arraes De Alencar, Alves Da Cunha, Antonio, Alger, Jackeline, Epi Methoden Team 2, Circulatory Health, JC onderzoeksprogramma Methodologie, Wilder-Smith, Annelies, Wei, Yinghui, Araújo, Thalia Velho Barreto De, Vankerkhove, Maria, Turchi Martelli, Celina Maria, Turchi, Marília Dalva, Teixeira, Mauro, Tami, Adriana, Souza, João, Sousa, Patricia, Soriano-Arandes, Antoni, Soria-Segarra, Carmen, Sanchez Clemente, Nuria, Rosenberger, Kerstin Daniela, Reveiz, Ludovic, Prata-Barbosa, Arnaldo, Pomar, Léo, Pelá Rosado, Luiza Emylce, Perez, Freddy, Passos, Saulo D., Nogueira, Mauricio, Noel, Trevor P., Moura Da Silva, Antônio, Moreira, Maria Elisabeth, Morales, Ivonne, Miranda Montoya, Maria Consuelo, Miranda-Filho, Demócrito De Barros, Maxwell, Lauren, Macpherson, Calum N.L., Low, Nicola, Lan, Zhiyi, Labeaud, Angelle Desiree, Koopmans, Marion, Kim, Caron, João, Esaú, Jaenisch, Thomas, Hofer, Cristina Barroso, Gustafson, Paul, Gérardin, Patrick, Ganz, Jucelia S., Dias, Ana Carolina Fialho, Elias, Vanessa, Duarte, Geraldo, Debray, Thomas Paul Alfons, Cafferata, María Luisa, Buekens, Pierre, Broutet, Nathalie, Brickley, Elizabeth B., Brasil, Patrícia, Brant, Fátima, Bethencourt, Sarah, Benedetti, Andrea, Avelino-Silva, Vivian Lida, Ximenes, Ricardo Arraes De Alencar, Alves Da Cunha, Antonio, and Alger, Jackeline

Published
2019

81. High Frequency of Antibiotic Prescription in Children With Undifferentiated Febrile Illness in Kenya.

Author

Hooft, Anneka M, Ndenga, Bryson, Mutuku, Francis, Otuka, Victoria, Ronga, Charles, Chebii, Philip K, Maina, Priscillah W, Jembe, Zainab, Lee, Justin, Vu, David M, Mukoko, Dunstan, and LaBeaud, A Desiree

Subjects
DRUG therapy for malaria, ANTIBIOTICS, FEVER, MULTIVARIATE analysis, REGRESSION analysis, SOCIOECONOMIC factors, CRITICAL thinking, CHI-squared test, MEDICAL prescriptions, ANTIMALARIALS, BOWEL & bladder training, LONGITUDINAL method, CHILDREN
Abstract

Background In low-resource, malaria-endemic settings, accurate diagnosis of febrile illness in children is challenging. The World Health Organization (WHO) currently recommends laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of malaria prior to starting treatment in stable children. Factors guiding management of children with undifferentiated febrile illness outside of malaria are not well understood. Methods This study examined clinical presentation and management of a cohort of febrile Kenyan children at 5 hospital/clinic sites from January 2014 to December 2017. Chi-squared and multivariate regression analyses were used to compare frequencies and correlate demographic, environmental, and clinical factors with patient diagnosis and prescription of antibiotics. Results Of 5735 total participants, 68% were prescribed antibiotic treatment (n = 3902), despite only 28% given a diagnosis of bacterial illness (n = 1589). Factors associated with prescription of antibiotic therapy included: negative malaria testing, reporting head, ears, eyes, nose and throat (HEENT) symptoms (ie, cough, runny nose), HEENT findings on exam (ie, nasal discharge, red throat), and having a flush toilet in the home (likely a surrogate for higher socioeconomic status). Conclusion In a cohort of acutely ill Kenyan children, prescription of antimalarial therapy and malaria test results were well correlated, whereas antibiotic treatment was prescribed empirically to most of those who tested malaria negative. Clinical management of febrile children in these settings is difficult, given the lack of diagnostic testing. Providers may benefit from improved clinical education and implementation of enhanced guidelines in this era of malaria testing, as their management strategies must rely primarily on critical thinking and decision-making skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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82. Prevalence of PfDHFR and PfDHPS Mutations Associated with Drug Resistance Among Pregnant Women Receiving IPTp-SP at Msambweni County Referral Hospital, Kwale County, Kenya

Author

Gikunju, Stella Wanjiku, primary, Agola, Eric L., additional, Ondondo, Raphael Omusebe, additional, Kinyua, Johnson Kangethe, additional, Kimani, Francis, additional, LaBeaud, Angelle Desiree, additional, Malhotra, Indu, additional, King, Charles H., additional, Thiong’o, Kelvin, additional, and Mutuku, Francis, additional

Published
2019
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86. Understanding the relation between Zika virus infection during pregnancy and adverse fetal, infant and child outcomes: a protocol for a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis of longitudinal studies of pregnant women and their infants and children

Author

Wilder-Smith, Annelies, primary, Wei, Yinghui, additional, Araújo, Thalia Velho Barreto de, additional, VanKerkhove, Maria, additional, Turchi Martelli, Celina Maria, additional, Turchi, Marília Dalva, additional, Teixeira, Mauro, additional, Tami, Adriana, additional, Souza, João, additional, Sousa, Patricia, additional, Soriano-Arandes, Antoni, additional, Soria-Segarra, Carmen, additional, Sanchez Clemente, Nuria, additional, Rosenberger, Kerstin Daniela, additional, Reveiz, Ludovic, additional, Prata-Barbosa, Arnaldo, additional, Pomar, Léo, additional, Pelá Rosado, Luiza Emylce, additional, Perez, Freddy, additional, Passos, Saulo D., additional, Nogueira, Mauricio, additional, Noel, Trevor P., additional, Moura da Silva, Antônio, additional, Moreira, Maria Elisabeth, additional, Morales, Ivonne, additional, Miranda Montoya, Maria Consuelo, additional, Miranda-Filho, Demócrito de Barros, additional, Maxwell, Lauren, additional, Macpherson, Calum N. L., additional, Low, Nicola, additional, Lan, Zhiyi, additional, LaBeaud, Angelle Desiree, additional, Koopmans, Marion, additional, Kim, Caron, additional, João, Esaú, additional, Jaenisch, Thomas, additional, Hofer, Cristina Barroso, additional, Gustafson, Paul, additional, Gérardin, Patrick, additional, Ganz, Jucelia S., additional, Dias, Ana Carolina Fialho, additional, Elias, Vanessa, additional, Duarte, Geraldo, additional, Debray, Thomas Paul Alfons, additional, Cafferata, María Luisa, additional, Buekens, Pierre, additional, Broutet, Nathalie, additional, Brickley, Elizabeth B., additional, Brasil, Patrícia, additional, Brant, Fátima, additional, Bethencourt, Sarah, additional, Benedetti, Andrea, additional, Avelino-Silva, Vivian Lida, additional, Ximenes, Ricardo Arraes de Alencar, additional, Alves da Cunha, Antonio, additional, and Alger, Jackeline, additional

Published
2019
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91. High Dengue Burden and Circulation of 4 Virus Serotypes among Children with Undifferentiated Fever, Kenya, 2014-2017.

Author

ShahComments, Melisa M., Ndenga, Bryson A., Mutuku, Francis M., Vu, David M., Grossi-Soyster, Elysse N., Okuta, Victoria, Ronga, Charles O., Chebii, Philip K., Maina, Priscilla, Jembe, Zainab, Bosire, Carren M., Amugongo, Jael S., Sahoo, Malaya K., Huang, ChunHong, Weber, Jenna, Edgerton, Sean V., Hortion, Jimmy, Bennett, Shannon N., Pinsky, Benjamin A., and LaBeaud, A. Desiree

Abstract

Little is known about the extent and serotypes of dengue viruses circulating in Africa. We evaluated the presence of dengue viremia during 4 years of surveillance (2014-2017) among children with febrile illness in Kenya. Acutely ill febrile children were recruited from 4 clinical sites in western and coastal Kenya, and 1,022 participant samples were tested by using a highly sensitive real-time reverse transcription PCR. A complete case analysis with genomic sequencing and phylogenetic analyses was conducted to characterize the presence of dengue viremia among participants during 2014-2017. Dengue viremia was detected in 41.9% (361/862) of outpatient children who had undifferentiated febrile illness in Kenya. Of children with confirmed dengue viremia, 51.5% (150/291) had malaria parasitemia. All 4 dengue virus serotypes were detected, and phylogenetic analyses showed several viruses from novel lineages. Our results suggests high levels of dengue virus infection among children with undifferentiated febrile illness in Kenya. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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96. Bunyavirus Taxonomy: Limitations and Misconceptions Associated with the Current ICTV Criteria Used for Species Demarcation

Author

Blitvich, Bradley J., primary, Beaty, Barry J., additional, Blair, Carol D., additional, Brault, Aaron C., additional, Dobler, Gerhard, additional, Drebot, Michael A., additional, Haddow, Andrew D., additional, Kramer, Laura D., additional, LaBeaud, Angelle Desiree, additional, Monath, Thomas P., additional, Mossel, Eric C., additional, Plante, Kenneth, additional, Powers, Ann M., additional, Tesh, Robert B., additional, Turell, Michael J., additional, Vasilakis, Nikos, additional, and Weaver, Scott C., additional

Published
2018
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