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54. Effect of membrane permeability on survival of hemodialysis patients

Author

Locatelli F, Martin Malo A, Hannedouche T, Loureiro A, Papadimitriou M, Wizemann V, Jacobson SH, Czekalski S, Ronco C, Vanholder R, La Milia V, Pozzi M, Di Filippo S, La Greca G, Brendolan A, Crepaldi C, Maschio G, Loschiavo C, Barbieri C, Milanesi F, Redaelli B, Stella A, Viganò MR, Stellato T, Villa G, Segagli S, Montagna G, Quarello F, Vallero A, Forneris G, Borghi M, Tagliaferri M, Palmerio G, Imbasciati E, Farina M, Bucci R, Stallone C, Aucella F, Bellazzi C, De Vincenti A, Giannattasio M, Detomaso F, Malberti F, Pecchini P, Fabris A, Zanella M, Feriani M, Genchi R, Fraticelli M, D'Amico M, Bernardi LE, Palumbo R, De Cicco C, Pietrzak I, Drobnik M, Weyde W, Krajewska M, Penar J, Aljama P, Martín Malo A, Berdud I, Alvarez de Lara MA, Navas A, Martín García J, Chacón JC, Junco E, López Gómez JM, Villaverde M, Bustamante J, Martín García D, Sánchez L, Montenegro J, Ocharan J, Barril G, Besada E, Pastor JM, Gallar P, Almaraz M, Alcalá M, Silgado G, Gruss E, Portolés JM, Delgado R, Bittar H, Nony A, Chanard J, Randoux C, Maheut H, Dimitrov Y, Bouiller M, Simon P, Kim SA, Cremault A, Ryckelynck JP, Levaltier B, Jonon B, Saidani F, Maurice F, Kessler M, Hachicha M, Reach I, Bataille P, Nour D, Paiva A, Cruz J, Carvalho D, Buinho F, Santos JP, Sotto K, Sousa S, da Cruz L, Henriques C, Santos J, Vinhas J, Assunçao J, Memmos D, Belechri AM, Giamalis P, Dhondt A, Veys N, Van Biesen W, Verbeelen D, Krzesinski JM, Tielemans C, Lins R, Larsson K, Kurkus J, Weiss L, Welander G, Seidel S, Lotz C, Gruber H, Weinreich T, Rawer P, Bommer J, Hoenich NA, Leunissen K.L., STEFONI, SERGIO, CIANCIOLO, GIUSEPPE, BARALDI, OLGA, Locatelli F, Martin-Malo A, Hannedouche T, Loureiro A, Papadimitriou M, Wizemann V, Jacobson SH, Czekalski S, Ronco C, Vanholder R, La Milia V, Pozzi M, Di Filippo S, La Greca G, Brendolan A, Crepaldi C, Stefoni S, Cianciolo G, Baraldi O, Maschio G, Loschiavo C, Barbieri C, Milanesi F, Redaelli B, Stella A, Viganò MR, Stellato T, Villa G, Segagli S, Montagna G, Quarello F, Vallero A, Forneris G, Borghi M, Tagliaferri M, Palmerio G, Imbasciati E, Farina M, Bucci R, Stallone C, Aucella F, Bellazzi C, De Vincenti A, Giannattasio M, Detomaso F, Malberti F, Pecchini P, Fabris A, Zanella M, Feriani M, Genchi R, Fraticelli M, D'Amico M, Bernardi LE, Palumbo R, De Cicco C, Pietrzak I, Drobnik M, Weyde W, Krajewska M, Penar J, Aljama P, Martín Malo A, Berdud I, Alvarez de Lara MA, Navas A, Martín García J, Chacón JC, Junco E, López Gómez JM, Villaverde M, Bustamante J, Martín García D, Sánchez L, Montenegro J, Ocharan J, Barril G, Besada E, Pastor JM, Gallar P, Almaraz M, Alcalá M, Silgado G, Gruss E, Portolés JM, Delgado R, Bittar H, Nony A, Chanard J, Randoux C, Maheut H, Dimitrov Y, Bouiller M, Simon P, Kim SA, Cremault A, Ryckelynck JP, Levaltier B, Jonon B, Saidani F, Maurice F, Kessler M, Hachicha M, Reach I, Bataille P, Nour D, Paiva A, Cruz J, Carvalho D, Buinho F, Santos JP, Sotto K, Sousa S, da Cruz L, Henriques C, Santos J, Vinhas J, Assunçao J, Memmos D, Belechri AM, Giamalis P, Dhondt A, Veys N, Van Biesen W, Verbeelen D, Krzesinski JM, Tielemans C, Lins R, Larsson K, Kurkus J, Weiss L, Welander G, Seidel S, Lotz C, Gruber H, Weinreich T, Rawer P, Bommer J, Hoenich NA, and Leunissen KL.

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, HEMODIALYSIS, HEMODIALYSIS PATIENT SURVIVAL, Membrane permeability, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, HIGH-FLUX HEMODIALYSIS MEMBRANES, Hazard ratio, LOW-FLUX HEMODIALYSIS MEMBRANES, General Medicine, ALBUMIN, Gastroenterology, Confidence interval, law.invention, Randomized controlled trial, Nephrology, law, Internal medicine, Clinical endpoint, Medicine, Hemodialysis, business, Survival rate, Dialysis
Abstract

The effect of high-flux hemodialysis membranes on patient survival has not been unequivocally determined. In this prospective, randomized clinical trial, we enrolled 738 incident hemodialysis patients, stratified them by serum albumin < or = 4 and >4 g/dl, and assigned them to either low-flux or high-flux membranes. We followed patients for 3 to 7.5 yr. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed no significant difference between high-flux and low-flux membranes, and a Cox proportional hazards model concurred. Patients with serum albumin < or = 4 g/dl had significantly higher survival rates in the high-flux group compared with the low-flux group (P = 0.032). In addition, a secondary analysis revealed that high-flux membranes may significantly improve survival of patients with diabetes. Among those with serum albumin < or = 4 g/dl, slightly different effects among patients with and without diabetes suggested a potential interaction between diabetes status and low serum albumin in the reduction of risk conferred by high-flux membranes. In summary, we did not detect a significant survival benefit with either high-flux or low-flux membranes in the population overall, but the use of high-flux membranes conferred a significant survival benefit among patients with serum albumin < or = 4 g/dl. The apparent survival benefit among patients who have diabetes and are treated with high-flux membranes requires confirmation given the post hoc nature of our analysis.

Published
2009

55. First Clinical Experience with an Adjunctive Hemoperfusion Device Designed Specifically to Remove β2-Microglobulin in Hemodialysis

Author

James F. Winchester, J Clemmer, T.E. Muller, C. Ronco, Hans D. Polaschegg, Alessandra Brendolan, Nathan W. Levin, E Golds, and La Greca G

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Beta-2 microglobulin, medicine.medical_treatment, Hematology, General Medicine, Hemoperfusion, Biocompatible material, Microsphere, Surgery, Nephrology, medicine, Hemodialysis, business, Dialysis, Blood coagulation test
Published
2000
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58. Geographical variability of patient characteristics and treatment patterns affect outcomes for incident hemodialysis patients

Author

Martin-Malo, A., Papadimitriou, M., Cruz, J., Bustamante, J., Verbeelen, D., Nony, A., Vanholder, R., Jacobson, S. H., Montenegro, J., Hannedouche, T., Wizemann, V., Locatelli, F., La Milia, V., Pozzi, M., Di Filippo, S., La Greca, G., Ronco, C., Brendolan, A., Crepaldi, C., Stefoni, S., Ciancialo, G., Baraldi, O., Maschio, G., Loschiavo, C., Barbieri, C., Milanesi, F., Redaelli, B., Stella, A., Vigano, M. R., Stellato, T., Villa, G., Segagli, S., Montagna, G., Quarello, F., Vallero, A., Forneris, G., Borghi, M., Tagliaferri, M., Palmerio, G., Imbasciati, E., Farina, M., Bucci, R., Stallone, C., Aucella, F., Bellazzi, C., De Vincenti, A., Giannattasio, M., Detomaso, F., Malberti, F., Pecchini, P., Fabris, A., Zanella, M., Feriani, M., Genchi, R., Fraticelli, M., D'Amico, M., Bernardi, L. E., Palumbo, R., De Cicco, C., Czekalski, S., Pietrzak, I., Drobnik, M., Weyde, W., Krajewska, M., Penar, J., Aljama, P., Martin Malo, A., Berdud, I., Alvarez De Lara, M. A., Navas, A., Martin Garcia, J., Chacon, J. C., Junco, E., Lopez Gomez, J. M., Villaverde, M., Martin Garcia, D., Sanchez, L., Ocharan, J., Barril, G., Besada, E., Pastor, J. M., Gallar, P., Almaraz, M., Alcala, M., Silgado, G., Gruss, E., Portoles, J. M., Delgado, R., Bittar, H., Chanard, J., Randoux, C., Maheut, H., Dimitrov, Y., Bouiller, M., Simon, P., Ang, K. S., Cremault, A., Ryckelynck, J. -P., Levaltier, B., Jonon, B., Saidani, F., Maurice, F., Kessler, M., Hachicha, M., Reach, I., Bataille, P., Nour, D., Loureiro, A., Paiva, A., Carvalho, D., Buinho, F., Santos, J. P., Sotto, K., Sousa, S., Da Cruz, L., Henriques, C., Santos, J., Vinhas, J., Assuncao, J., Memmos, D., Belechri, A. M., Giamalis, P., Dhondt, A., Veys, N., Van Biesen, W., Krzesinski, J. -M., Tielemans, C., Lins, R., Larsson, K., Kurkus, J., Weiss, L., Welander, G., Seidel, S., Lotz, C., Gruber, H., Weinreich, T., Rawer, P., Martin-Malo, Alejandro, Papadimitriou, Menelao, Cruz, Joao, Bustamante, Jesu, Verbeelen, Dierik, Nony, Alain, Vanholder, Raymond, Jacobson, Stefan H., Montenegro, Jesu, Hannedouche, Thierry, Wizemann, Volker, Locatelli, Francesco, Membrane Permeability Outcome (MPO) Study Group [.., Baraldi, Olga, and ].

Subjects
Male, Pediatrics, Epidemiology, Prevalence, Comorbidity, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Comorbidities, Renal Dialysi, Cardiovascular Disease, Medicine, education.field_of_study, Europe, Hemodialysis, Mortality, Practice patterns, Hazard ratio, Diabetes Mellitu, Vascular Access Device, Middle Aged, Treatment Outcome, Cardiovascular Diseases, Nephrology, Female, Comorbiditie, Hemodialysi, Vascular Access Devices, Human, medicine.medical_specialty, Membrane permeability, Population, Permeability, Practice pattern, Renal Dialysis, Confidence Intervals, Diabetes Mellitus, Humans, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, education, Survival analysis, Serum Albumin, Proportional Hazards Models, Aged, Analysis of Variance, business.industry, Proportional hazards model, Membranes, Artificial, Cholesterol, LDL, medicine.disease, Proportional Hazards Model, Calcium, business, Confidence Interval, Demography, Kidney disease
Abstract

Background: Geographical differences in disease prevalence and mortality have been described in the general population and in chronic kidney disease patients in Europe. In this secondary analysis of the Membrane Permeability Outcome (MPO) study, we addressed differences in patient and treatment patterns, and whether these affect patient outcomes. Methods: Participating countries were grouped according to geographical location; thus study centers in France, Greece, Italy, Portugal and Spain were allocated to southern Europe (n=499), and those in all other countries (Belgium, Germany, Poland and Sweden) to northern Europe (n=148). Descriptive analysis of patient and treatment patterns at study start, as well as survival analysis, was performed. Results: In patients from the northern European countries, a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus and of cardiovascular disease was observed than in those from southern Europe (diabetes 35.1% vs. 21.0%, p=0.0007; cardiovascular disease 40.5% vs. 22.8%, p

Published
2013

60. Phosphate may promote CKD progression and attenuate renoprotective effect of ACE inhibition

Author

Zoccali, Carmine, Ruggenenti, Piero, Perna, Annalisa, Leonardis, Daniela, Tripepi, Rocco, Tripepi, Giovanni, Mallamaci, Francesca, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, 'REIN Study Group' including Remuzzi, G, Tognoni, G, Ruggenenti, P, Bossini, N, Viola, Bf, Scolari, F, Maiorca, R, Cofano, F, Fellin, G, D'Amico, G, Dissegna, D, Brendolan, A, La Greca, G, Feriozzi, A, Ancarani, E, Gandini, E, D'Amato, I, Giangrande, A, Giannico, G, Vitale, O, Manno, C, Schena, Fp, Mazzi, A, Garini, G, Borghetti, A, Pisoni, R, Mosconi, L, Bertani, T, Scanferla, F, Bazzato, G, Oliva, E, Zoccali, C, Toti, G, Sisca, S, Maggiore, Q, Pignone, E, Boero, R, Piccoli, Giorgina Barbara, Piperno, R, Rosati, A, Salvadori, M, Ene Iordache, B, Remuzzi, A, Perna, A, Benini, R, Tammuzzo, L, Gaspari, F, Arnoldi, F, Ciocca, I, Signorini, O, Ferrari, S, Gritti, D, Roggeri, A, Del Priore, L, Cattaneo, D, Stucchi, N, Migone, L, Marubini, E, Del Favero, A, Ideo, G, Geraci, E, and Loi, U.

Subjects
Ramipril, Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, 030232 urology & nephrology, Urology, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Aged, Disease Progression, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Phosphates, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, Renin-Angiotensin System, Nephrology, Nephropathy, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Renin–angiotensin system, medicine, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, Risk factor, Ace inhibition, Creatinine, business.industry, Confounding, General Medicine, Phosphate, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Endocrinology, chemistry, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

Phosphate may promote the onset and progression of chronic nephropathies. Here we evaluated the relationships between baseline serum phosphate levels, disease progression, and response to ACE inhibition in 331 patients with proteinuric nephropathies in the prospective Ramipril Efficacy In Nephropathy (REIN) trial. Independent of treatment, patients with phosphate levels in the highest two quartiles progressed significantly faster either to ESRD or to a composite endpoint of doubling of serum creatinine or ESRD compared with patients with phosphate levels below the median (P < 0.001). Results were similar when we analyzed phosphate as a continuous variable (P ≤ 0.004). The renoprotective effect of ramipril decreased as serum phosphate increased (P ≤ 0.008 for interaction); this modification of the treatment effect by phosphate persisted despite adjusting for potential confounders such as GFR and urinary protein. In summary, these data suggest that phosphate is an independent risk factor for progression of renal disease among patients with proteinuric CKD, and high levels of phosphate may even attenuate the renoprotective effect of ACE inhibitors. Future trials should test whether reducing serum phosphate improves renal outcomes and optimizes the renoprotective effect of ACE inhibition.

Published
2011

61. Phosphate may promote CKD progression and attenuate renoprotective effect of ACE inhibition

Author

Remuzzi, G, Tognoni, G, Ruggenenti, P, Bossini, N, Viola, Bf, Scolari, Francesco, Maiorca, Rosario, Cofano, F, Fellin, G, D'Amico, G, Dissegna, D, Brendolan, A, La Greca, G, Feriozzi, A, Ancarani, E, Gandini, E, D'Amato, I, Giangrande, A, Giannico, G, Vitale, O, Manno, C, Schena, Fp, Mazzi, A, Garini, G, Borghetti, A, Pisoni, R, Mosconi, L, Bertani, T, Scanferla, F, Bazzato, G, Oliva, E, Zoccali, C, Toti, G, Sisca, S, Maggiore, Q, Pignone, E, Boero, R, Piccoli, G, Piperno, R, Rosati, A, Salvadori, M, Ene Iordache, B, Remuzzi, A, Perna, A, Benini, R, Tammuzzo, L, Gaspari, F, Arnoldi, F, Ciocca, I, Signorini, O, Ferrari, S, Gritti, D, Roggeri, A, Del Priore, L, Cattaneo, D, Stucchi, N, Migone, L, Marubini, E, Del Favero, A, Ideo, G, Geraci, E, and Loi, U.

Subjects
ace inhibitors
Published
2011

63. Oxalate Removal by Differing Dialysis Techniques

Author

Luisa Bragantini, Mascalzoni E, La Greca G, Mariano Feriani, C. Ronco, and Roberto Dell'Aquila

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Biomedical Engineering, Biophysics, Bioengineering, High-performance liquid chromatography, Oxalate, Peritoneal dialysis, Biomaterials, chemistry.chemical_compound, Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory, Renal Dialysis, Humans, Medicine, In patient, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Dialysis, Aged, Oxalates, Chromatography, business.industry, Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, Positive interaction, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Surgery, chemistry, Kidney Failure, Chronic, Female, Hemodialysis, business
Abstract

Secondary hyperoxalemia is a common feature in patients with chronic renal failure, but oxalate removal is not adequately accomplished by regular dialysis treatment. Oxalate removal in two groups of patients, 11 on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and 12 on hemodialysis (HD), was investigated. HD patients were studied during a regular bicarbonate dialysis and during hemodiafiltration (HDF) with a high convective component (UF = 66 mL/min) and AN69 filter (Hospal Filtral 12, 1.2 m2, Hospal Industrie, Meyzieu, France). All HD and HDF spent dialysate and all 24 hr CAPD effluents were collected; oxalate concentration was measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using an ion exchange column. Both oxalate flux and total extraction were statistically higher during HDF treatments (HDF = 1.87 +/- 0.77 mg/min and 335.9 +/- 131.5 mg/session, respectively; HD = 0.99 +/- 0.74 mg/min, 226 +/- 153 mg/session, respectively; p < 0.02). The positive interaction of convective and diffusive fluxes probably played a major role in oxalate removal during treatment with a high convective component; solute-membrane interactions can occur by using either cellulosic or synthetic fibers. In CAPD patients, oxalate removal (76.42 +/- 50.85 mg/day) was lower than in patients on either HD or HDF, although weekly oxalate extraction was statistically no different between CAPD (535.46 +/- 356 mg/week) and HD (677.72 +/- 460.82 mg/week). It was concluded that HDF is more effective than HD or CAPD in oxalate removal. Long-term studies are needed to demonstrate whether these kinetic findings have clinical relevance.

Published
1992
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68. Discussion

Author

Gambi, D., primary, Giordano, C., additional, Teschan, P. E., additional, La Greca, G., additional, Bates, D., additional, Savazzi, G., additional, Albertazzi, A., additional, Zucchelli, P., additional, and Pagani, C., additional

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74. Dialytic Encephalopathy

Author

La Greca, G., primary, Biasioli, S., additional, Borin, D., additional, Brendolan, A., additional, Chiaramonte, S., additional, Fabris, A., additional, Feriani, M., additional, and Ronco, C., additional

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75. Is Dehydration Self-Limiting in CAVH?

Author

Ronco, C., primary, Borin, D., additional, Brendolan, A., additional, Bragantini, L., additional, Fabris, A., additional, Feriani, M., additional, Chiaramonte, S., additional, and La Greca, G., additional

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78. Backfiltration in Clinical Dialysis

Author

Ronco, C., primary, Feriani, M., additional, Chiaramonte, S., additional, Brendolan, A., additional, Bragantini, L., additional, Conz, P., additional, Milan, M., additional, Dell�Aquila, R., additional, and La Greca, G., additional

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85. First clinical experience with an adjunctive hemoperfusion device designed specifically to remove beta(2)-microglobulin in hemodialysis

Author

C, Ronco, A, Brendolan, J F, Winchester, E, Golds, J, Clemmer, H D, Polaschegg, T E, Muller, La Greca G, and N W, Levin

Subjects
Adult, Male, Heparin, Polymers, Anticoagulants, Povidone, Amyloidosis, Equipment Design, Middle Aged, Microspheres, Blood Cell Count, Hemoperfusion, Coated Materials, Biocompatible, Renal Dialysis, Humans, Kidney Failure, Chronic, Polystyrenes, Sorption Detoxification, Adsorption, Blood Coagulation Tests, Sulfones, Infusions, Intravenous, beta 2-Microglobulin, Serum Albumin, Uremia
Published
2001

94. Double pass dialysis: a new method of renal replacement in patients with malfunctioning vascular access

Author

La Greca G, F. Gastaldon, M. Milan, Carlo Crepaldi, Luisa Bragantini, C. Ronco, and Alessandra Brendolan

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_treatment, 030232 urology & nephrology, Biomedical Engineering, Vascular access, Medicine (miscellaneous), Bioengineering, Hemodiafiltration, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Extracorporeal, Double pass, Blood Urea Nitrogen, Phosphates, Biomaterials, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Catheters, Indwelling, Renal Dialysis, medicine, Humans, In patient, Renal replacement therapy, Aged, Creatinine, business.industry, Inulin, General Medicine, Blood flow, Middle Aged, chemistry, Anesthesia, Female, Dialysis (biochemistry), business, Blood Flow Velocity
Abstract

Several patients undergoing chronic renal replacement therapy present problems related to their vascular access. Low blood flows and high rates of recirculation are common in such patients in which, for this reason, it becomes difficult to apply highly efficient techniques or techniques where diffusion and convection are combined as in hemodiafiltration. In these patients we studied the possibility of partially recirculating the blood in the extracorporeal circuit in order to increase the flow rate per single hollow fiber; we defined our system “double pass dialysis”. We evaluated the system's efficiency in 12 patients during 24 dialysis sessions: 12 high flux dialysis sessions (without reinfusion) and 12 hemodiafiltration sessions (9 liters reinfusion). Different surfaces of polyacrylonitrile dialyzers were utilized (1.3-1.7-2.1 sqm) at 250 and 350 ml/min of blood flow with or without 100 ml/min of recirculation. During each dialysis session blood and dialysate samples were taken in order to calculate BUN, Creatinine, Phosphate and Inuline clearances from both the blood and dialysate side. The clearances of low molecular weight solutes were not really influenced by the artificial increase of the blood flow, but on the other hand, the clearances of higher molecular weight solutes increased from 10 to 30% during both high flux dialysis and hemodiafiltration with recirculation. This increase was evident mostly in hemodiafiltration suggesting that the cleaning effect on the membrane has a positive impact on the permeability. The good clinical results obtained with the double pass dialysis show that the system is safe and reliable and may become a valid support in critical situations in order to reach adequate dialysis treatment.

Published
1994

97. Ultrafiltration and pressure profiles in continuous arterio-venous hemofiltration studied by computerized scintigraphic imaging

Author

C. Ronco, Alessandra Brendolan, Andrea Lupi, Mariano Feriani, Carlo Crepaldi, and La Greca G

Subjects
Materials science, medicine.medical_treatment, 030232 urology & nephrology, Biomedical Engineering, Ultrafiltration, Medicine (miscellaneous), Bioengineering, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, law.invention, Biomaterials, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, law, Hemofiltration, medicine, Hydrostatic Pressure, Humans, Blood Coagulation, Technetium Tc 99m Aggregated Albumin, Filtration, Gamma camera, Micropore Filters, Albumin, General Medicine, Blood flow, Filtration fraction, Filter (video), Biomedical engineering, Tomography, Emission-Computed
Abstract

Clotting of the filters in continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration (CAVH) has been frequently related to filtration pressure equilibrium (FPE). The geometry of the filter and the blood flow, together with filtration fraction, are the factors affecting FPE. A new method based on scintigraphic imaging of the filter is described to demonstrate FPE and identify the operational conditions influencing it. A radiolabelled marker molecule (albumin macroaggregates + Tc99) is added to the blood circulating at various flows through the filter. Changes in the concentration of this molecule detected by a gamma camera are used to calculate the water fluxes in different sections of the filter. When the curve reaches a plateau, no further changes occur and FPE is achieved. The study used Amicon D-30 hemofilters and FPE points were achieved for blood flows of 75, 110 and 150 ml/min respectively 8 cm, 12 cm and 18 cm from the inlet. The study not only demonstrates the occurrence of FPE, but also identifies the length of the filter required at a given blood flow to avoid FPE (achieving less clotting and lower heparin requirement). The Amicon diafilter family, having filters of different length, is useful for “personalizing” the filter in CAVH.

Published
1991

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