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In this paper, a novel approach was set up to analyze and discriminate propolis from different regions based on GC-MS and multivariate statistical analysis. A number of Chinese and Brazilian green propolis samples were dealt with based on this method, and a set of data were processed with partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). A clear differences between the two groups were shown in score plot. The chemical markers for the differentiation were selected through loading plot. Based on the comparison between the reference and/or NIST database and mass fragments in the publication, chemical markers were tentatively identified. Lauric acid, 2(3H)-naphthalenone, spathulenol and benzenebutanoic acid were taken as chemical markers based on the above strategy. This research could provide some valuable information to the quality control of propolis from different origins.

In this paper, we investigate some Tur\’{an}-type inequalities for the hypergeometric superhyperbolic sine and cosine functions associated with Kummer confluent hypergeometric series of first type.

In the paper, on account of the Kummer confluent hypergeometric series of first type, we suggest the Turań-type inequalities for the hypergeometric supersine and supercosine functions by using the Cauchy–Bunyakovsky–Schwarz inequality.

In this paper, we studied a higher-dimensional space and time fractional model, namely, the (3+1)-dimensional dissipative Burgers equation which can be used to describe the shallow water waves phenomena. Here, the analyzed tool is the Lie symmetry scheme in the sense of the Riemann–Liouville fractional derivative. First of all, the symmetry of this considered equation was yielded. Then, based on the above obtained symmetry, the one-parameter Lie group was obtained. Subsequently, this model can be changed into the lower-dimensional equation with the Erdélyi–Kober fractional operators. Lastly, conservation laws of this studied equation via a new conservation theorem were also received. After such a series of processing, these new results play an important role in our understanding of this higher-dimensional space and time differential equations.

BackgroundSepsis and septic shock, a subset of sepsis with higher risk stratification, are hallmarked by high mortality rates and necessitated early and accurate biomarkers.MethodsUntargeted metabolomic analysis was performed to compare the metabolic features between the sepsis and control systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) groups in discovery cohort, and potential metabolic biomarkers were selected and quantified using multiple reaction monitoring based target metabolite detection method.ResultsDifferentially expressed metabolites including 46 metabolites in positive electrospray ionization (ESI) ion mode, 22 metabolites in negative ESI ion mode, and 4 metabolites with dual mode between sepsis and SIRS were identified and revealed. Metabolites 5-Oxoproline, L-Kynurenine and Leukotriene D4 were selected based on least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regularization logistic regression and differential expressed between sepsis and septic shock group in the training and test cohorts. Respective risk scores for sepsis and septic shock based on a 3-metabolite fingerprint classifier were established to distinguish sepsis from SIRS, septic shock from sepsis. Significant relationship between developed sepsis risk scores, septic shock risk scores and Sequential (sepsis-related) Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), procalcitonin (PCT) and lactic acid were observed.ConclusionsCollectively, our findings demonstrated that the characteristics of plasma metabolites not only manifest phenotypic variation in sepsis onset and risk stratification of sepsis but also enable individualized treatment and improve current therapeutic strategies.

On the basis of the binary Bell polynomial scheme, the bilinear form of the extended (3+1)-dimensional Jimbo-Miwa (JM) equation, is constructed. Then, a class of new type rogue waves solutions to the extended (3+1)-dimensional JM equation, is found. It mainly includes the lump solutions, lumpoff solutions and instanton solutions. Their nonlinear evolutionary processes by 3D- and 2D-graphs, are shown. Finally, a direct method which is called the tanh-function method was used to get solitary waves of this considered model. These results can help us better understand interesting physical phenomena and mechanism.

In this article, we propose the integral and differential operators within the kernel of the Y function for the first time. We study the properties of the J and Y functions. We also present the some new applications of the heat transfer and present the new representation for the solution of the heat equation in the 1-D case.

In this paper, we consider the Riemann-Liouville-type general fractional derivatives of the non-singular kernel of the one-parametric Lorenzo-Hartley function. A new general fractional-order-derivative Goldstein-Kac-type telegraph equation is proposed for the first time. The analytical solution of the considered model with the graphs is obtained with the aid of the Laplace transform. The general fractional-order-derivative formula is as a new mathematical tool proposed to model the anomalous behaviors in complex and power-law phenomena.

In this paper, we studied the generalized space and time fractional Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation in the sense of the Riemann–Liouville fractional derivative. Initially, the symmetry of this considered equation through the symmetry analysis method was obtained. Next, a one-parameter Lie group of point transformation was yielded. Then, this considered fractional model can be translated into an ordinary differential equation of fractional order via the Erdélyi–Kober fractional differential operator and the Erdélyi–Kober fractional integral operator. Finally, with the help of the nonlinear self-adjointness, conservation laws of the generalized space and time fractional KdV equation can be found. This approach can provide us with a new scheme for studying space and time differential equations of fractional derivative.

This paper is devoted to the study of Tur\’{an} type inequalities for some well-known special functions such as supersine and supercosine which are derived by using a new form of the Cauchy-Bunyakovsky-Schwarz inequality.

Cancer cells acquire genetic heterogeneity to escape from immune surveillance during tumor evolution, but a systematic approach to distinguish driver from passenger mutations is lacking. Here we investigate the impact of different immune pressure on tumor clonal dynamics and immune evasion mechanism, by combining massive parallel sequencing of immune edited tumors and CRISPR library screens in syngeneic mouse tumor model and co-culture system. We find that the core microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis and targeting machinery maintains the sensitivity of cancer cells to PD-1-independent T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Genetic inactivation of the machinery or re-introduction of ANKRD52 frequent patient mutations dampens the JAK-STAT-interferon-γ signaling and antigen presentation in cancer cells, largely by abolishing miR-155-targeted silencing of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1). Expression of each miRNA machinery component strongly correlates with intratumoral T cell infiltration in nearly all human cancer types. Our data indicate that the evolutionarily conserved miRNA pathway can be exploited by cancer cells to escape from T cell-mediated elimination and immunotherapy., Dysregulation of the microRNA machinery has crucial roles in cancer development. Here the authors show that inactivation of proteins involved in microRNA-mediated gene silencing, such as ANKRD52 or AGO2, confers resistance to T cell-mediated immune response in a preclinical cancer model.

Additional file 3. Source Data for blots. Uncropped Western blots and Agarose gels containing the entire ladder.

Additional file 1: Table S1. Clinic characteristics of lung adenocarcinoma patients. Table S2. List of primers for qRT-PCR. Table S3. List of target sequences of various siRNAs.

Additional file 4. Review history.

In this paper, we defined a generalized weighted Caputo-type differential operator. Then, it can express as a convergent series through the Riemann–Liouville integral. At the same time, by solving related linear differential equation, we can construct the generalized weighted Caputo-type integral operator. Lastly, some theorems and properties of these considered operators were also studied.

Additional file 2: Figure S1. The PD-L1 protein level in human lung cancer tissue. Figure S2. The Sanger sequencing result of the PD-L1 mRNA (878 bp band) and PD-L1 lncRNA (705 bp band) obtained by RT-PCR. Figure S3. The Sanger sequencing result of the PD-L1 mRNA obtained by qRT-PCR with specific primer for amplification of PD-L1 mRNA (157 bp band) and PD-L1 lncRNA (106 bp band) obtained by RT-PCR. Figure S4. Expression of PD-L1-lnc in various cancers. Figure S5. PD-L1-lnc is a long non-coding RNA fragment. Figure S6. Induction of PD-L1 by IFNγ in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Figure S7. PD-L1-lnc has no effect on PD-L1 mRNA and protein expression. Figure S8. Expression level of genes within the c-Myc signaling downstream in lung cancer xenograft. Figure S9. PD-L1-lnc binds to c-Myc. Figure S10. Graphical representation images of the binding interface of the docking models of PD-L1-lnc with c-Myc by NPDock. Figure S11. The expression of PD-L1 lncRNA and mRNA in A549 cells transfected with the mutant vector and wild type vector. Figure S12. Cell fraction assay. Figure S13. Binding of PD-L1-lnc to c-Myc enhances the association of c-Myc with MAX and promotes the entry of c-Myc into nucleus. Figure S14. The influence of c-Myc siRNA on gene expression in lung cancer A549 and PC9 cells. Figure S15. The effect of DAZAP1 on the generation of PD-L1-lnc.