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In order to solve the problem that the equivalent relationship between space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) and carrier-based pulse width modulation (CBPWM) in the field of single phase multi-level inverters is still unclear, this paper drew on the equivalent realization method of three-phase multi-level inverters. And the equivalent relationship between the two modulation strategies of SVPWM and CBPWM was studied in depth according to the characteristics of the multilevel single phase diode clamped inverter. By injecting the deduced DC component into the CBPWM modulated wave, the same modulation output sequence as SVPWM was obtained, and by further strictly derived, the DC component formula realizing the equivalent of any number segment SVPWM sequences and CBPWM was obtained under single phase NPC n-level inverters. Finally, the experiment verifies correctness of the equivalent relationship.

In view of the complex background of insulator target tracking in transmission line inspection video, which can’t adapt to the change of insulator scale, a method of insulator target tracking based on multi feature fusion and adaptive scale filter is proposed. Firstly, a multi feature fusion method combining gray level, color name(CN) and histogram of oriented gradient (HOG) is proposed to extract insulator features to reduce the influence of background changes. Then, the validity of the obtained image is monitored according to the maximum confidence mean ratio, and the size of the filter is adjusted based on the scale factor in the block mode to determine the size of the insulator target. Finally, a classifier is trained by using the minimum decision function to obtain the insulator target position, to improve the accuracy of insulator tracking. The experimental results show that the tracking method proposed in this paper can adapt to the change of insulator scale and environment. Compared with other methods, it has higher tracking accuracy.

Wu, Xue, Shen, Chu-Ze, Liu, Yun-Feng, Zhang, Tao, Li, Kai, He, Zhu-Qing (2020): Cacoplistes (Laminogryllus) brevisparamerus Wang, Zhang, Wei & Liu, 2017: A junior synonym of Cacoplistes (Laminogryllus) choui Liu & Shi, 2012 (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae: Cachoplistinae). Zootaxa 4750 (1): 143-146, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4750.1.9

Genus Nahlaksia Ingrisch, 1998 Type species: Nahlaksia suphattra Ingrisch, 1998, Published as part of He, Zhu-Qing, Wang, Han-Qiang, Liu, Yun-Feng, Tian, Di & Li, Kai, 2020, New and little known Agraeciini species from Hainan, China (Orthoptera: Ensifera: Tettigoniidae: Conocephalinae: Agraeciini), pp. 153-162 in Zootaxa 4748 (1) on page 154, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4748.1.8, http://zenodo.org/record/3697647, {"references":["Ingrisch, S. (1998) Monograph of the Oriental Agraeciini (Insecta, Ensifera, Tettigoniidae): Taxonomic revision, phylogeny, biogeography, stridulation and development. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 206, 1 - 391."]}

Nahlaksia hainanensis He & Wang sp. nov. (Fig. 1 ~3) Holotype: male, CHINA, Hainan, Ledong, Jianfengling, 9-viii-2018, coll. HE Zhu-Qing (ECNU). Paratypes: 1 male & 1 female nymph, CHINA, Hainan, Sanya, Baolong, 21-iii-2019, coll. HE Zhu-Qing (ECNU); 3 male nymphs & 4 female nymphs, CHINA, Hainan, Changjiang, Bawangling, 17-iii-2018, coll (ECNU); 1 female & 1 male nymph, CHINA, Hainan, Wuzhishan, alt. 400m, 1-v-2017, coll. LIU Xian-Wei, WANG Han- Qiang, QIN Yan-Yan & JIANG Hui-Ting; 1 female, CHINA, Hainan, Changjiang, Bawangling, alt. 460~ 1500m, 24-iv-2017, coll. LIU Xian-Wei, WANG Han-Qiang, QIN Yan-Yan & JIANG Hui-Ting (SEM, CAS). Diagnosis. Similar to N. suphattra, but differs in the shape of male cercus having an additional slender spine, and the shape of female subgenital plate which bears a pair of triangular lobes posteriorly. Description. Male. Head: antennae very long, eyes small; fastigium verticis conical but step-like inclined in circa half of length, with lateral ocelli projecting laterad, apex sub-obtuse (Fig. 2B), dorsal surface with a tubercle near base, ventral surface with medial carinula, numerous irregular tubercles beneath the antennal scrobe forming a transverse carina each side; frons rugose and pubescent (Fig. 2A, B, D). Pronotum rugose and sub-pubescent, regularly curved from one side to the other, transverse sulcus not clear on disc or lateral lobes, anterior margin broadly rounded, slightly protruding in middle, posterior margin concave, lateral lobe longer than deep, ventral margin subsinuate, anterior angle rounded, posterior angle circa rectangular but angle itself rounded, humeral sinus absent (Fig. 1A & 2A). Tegmen micropterous (Fig. 2A); prosternum unarmed, meso- and metasternal lobes rounded (Fig. 2C). Legs setose and pubescent, fore and middle femora compressed and broadened, fore femur with spines on both margins of ventral surface; middle- and hind femora armed on ventro-external margin; genicular lobes of fore and middle femora rounded externally, spinose on internal margin, tympana present on both sides, shield-like (Fig. 2E); femora with the following number of spines on ventral margins: fore femur 4 external, 4 internal, middle femur 5 external, 0 internal, hind femur 7~8 external, fore tibia 8 external, 8 internal, middle tibia 5~9 external, 0 internal, hind tibia 1 (tiny) external, 0 internal, 7~9 external and internal spines on dorsal margin, with external ones smaller. Abdomen: tenth abdominal tergite triangular with apex bi-spinose (Fig. 2F); apex of subgenital plate extended into two long parallel projections (Fig. 2H), cerci conical, apex obtuse, downward curved, with a small spinule in inner side (Fig. 2F, G). Female: similar to male but squamipterous (Fig. 1B, C & 3A), tegmina laterally situated and never interlaced (Fig. 3B ~E). Tenth abdominal tergite faintly extended in the central of posterior edge, slightly bilobate in terminal. Epiproct rounded-triangular. Cerci conical, apex pointed (Fig. 3F, G). Subgenital plate dorsally curved from one side to another, central one-third of width elevated ventrally and extended posteriorly but deeply notched in the middle resulting a pair of triangular lobes produced (Fig. 3F, G). Ovipositor elongate and gently upcurved in apical two third; margins smooth, dorsal valves furrowed laterally (Fig. 3H, I). Coloration. Brown with irregular white or yellow spots (Fig. 1A). Frons black including fastigium frontis, antennal scrobe, otherwise red to yellow towards mandibles, mandibles brown, palpi yellow, compound eyes yellow in dorsal and black in ventral (Fig. 2D), pronotum black in disc and yellow in paranota, tegmen: veins in dorsal field green and veins in lateral field yellow (Fig. 1A, C), ventro-internal lobes of middle and hind coxae white (Fig. 2C), hind femur with a large black spot followed by a long, whitish ring, ovipositor brownish in the base and the remainder darker. Dorsal areas of fore- middle- and hind femur and middle and hind tibiae with green pattern, seen best when alive (Fig. 1A). Measurements (in mm). Male: body 22.05���22.78, pronotum 5.73���5.99, tegmen circa 1.32���1.71, hind femur 10.28���10.89; Female: body 17.52���21.34, pronotum 5.46���6.02, tegmen circa 1.26���1.38, hind femur 10.27���11.49, ovipositor 11.90���12.68. Etymology. This species is named after the type locality. Biology. This species prefers branches and is widely distributed in Hainan (Fig. 1A ~E). Although the male tegmen has developed mirror, stridulations have not been observed.., Published as part of He, Zhu-Qing, Wang, Han-Qiang, Liu, Yun-Feng, Tian, Di & Li, Kai, 2020, New and little known Agraeciini species from Hainan, China (Orthoptera: Ensifera: Tettigoniidae: Conocephalinae: Agraeciini), pp. 153-162 in Zootaxa 4748 (1) on pages 154-156, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4748.1.8, http://zenodo.org/record/3697647

Mesagraecia gorochovi Ingrisch, 1998 (Fig. 5, 6) Material: 1 male & 1 female, CHINA, Hainan, Wuzhishan, 7-viii-2018, coll. HE Zhu-Qing; 3 males & 1 male nymph, CHINA, Hainan, Ledong, Jianfengling, 9-viii-2018, coll. HE Zhu-Qing; 3 females, 1 male nymph, 2 female nymphs CHINA, Hainan, Qiongzhong, Limushan, 5-viii-2018, coll. HE Zhu-Qing; 1 male & 1 female nymph, CHINA, Hainan, Changjiang, Baomei, 11-viii-2018, coll. HE Zhu-Qing; (ECNU). Diagnosis. No morphological differences between Chinese and Vietnamese individuals including fastigium verticis, tenth abdominal tergite, subgential plate, cercus and obvious transverse groove in metasternum (Fig. 6A ~H). Male pronotum relatively longer than that of female. Female subgenital plate transverse with sclerotised lateral and membranous central parts as described in Ingrisch (Fig. 6G). Coloration. Brown to yellow and green. More or less brown irregular spots on tegmen (Fig. 5A, B). Nymph yellow with lateral side brown from head, pronotum to abdomen (Fig. 5C). Measurements. Male: body 28.08���28.51, pronotum 11.68���12.14, tegmen 14.83���17.07, postfemur 18.11���19.63; Female: body 24.24���25.43, pronotum 9.13���10.28, tegmen 17.20���19.62, postfemur 17.92���20.36, ovipositor 15.94���16.42. Biology. This species is common and widely distributed in Hainan. An adult was observed feeding on stamens or gynoecium in field survey. In lab rearing, nymphs preferred to eat other insects, while adults fed mostly on vegetables., Published as part of He, Zhu-Qing, Wang, Han-Qiang, Liu, Yun-Feng, Tian, Di & Li, Kai, 2020, New and little known Agraeciini species from Hainan, China (Orthoptera: Ensifera: Tettigoniidae: Conocephalinae: Agraeciini), pp. 153-162 in Zootaxa 4748 (1) on page 159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4748.1.8, http://zenodo.org/record/3697647, {"references":["Ingrisch, S. (1998) Monograph of the Oriental Agraeciini (Insecta, Ensifera, Tettigoniidae): Taxonomic revision, phylogeny, biogeography, stridulation and development. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 206, 1 - 391."]}

Genus Mesagraecia Ingrisch, 1998 Type species: Mesagraecia bicolor Ingrisch, 1998., Published as part of He, Zhu-Qing, Wang, Han-Qiang, Liu, Yun-Feng, Tian, Di & Li, Kai, 2020, New and little known Agraeciini species from Hainan, China (Orthoptera: Ensifera: Tettigoniidae: Conocephalinae: Agraeciini), pp. 153-162 in Zootaxa 4748 (1) on page 159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4748.1.8, http://zenodo.org/record/3697647, {"references":["Ingrisch, S. (1998) Monograph of the Oriental Agraeciini (Insecta, Ensifera, Tettigoniidae): Taxonomic revision, phylogeny, biogeography, stridulation and development. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 206, 1 - 391."]}

Subgenus Acanthocoryphus Karny, 1907 Type species: Acanthocoryphus brongniarti Karny, 1907, Published as part of He, Zhu-Qing, Wang, Han-Qiang, Liu, Yun-Feng, Tian, Di & Li, Kai, 2020, New and little known Agraeciini species from Hainan, China (Orthoptera: Ensifera: Tettigoniidae: Conocephalinae: Agraeciini), pp. 153-162 in Zootaxa 4748 (1) on page 157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4748.1.8, http://zenodo.org/record/3697647, {"references":["Karny, H. H. (1907) Revisio Conocephalidarum. Abhandlungen der K. K. Zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft Wien, 4 (3), 1 - 114."]}

Liara (Acanthocoryphus) brevis Ingrisch, 1998 (Fig. 4) Material: 1 nymph, CHINA, Hainan, Qiongzhong, Wuzhishan, 22-iii-2019, coll. HE Zhu-Qing, emergence in v- 2019 (ECNU). Diagnosis. No morphological differences between Chinese and Vietnamese individuals including male cercus, tympana and other features (Fig. 4D ~F) have been observed. Apex of fastigium verticis gently bending to the left (Fig. 4B, D). Considering this individual was fed since nymph stage, no molt problem or injured made this malformation. Figures of holotype and paratype photographed by Ingrisch (OSF) also show same tendency of left bending. Thus, we believed this feature is spontaneous. Coloration. Overall colour yellow. Frons brown, mandibles black, pronotal disc with two lateral dark brown bands, variable in extension, in anterior area of disc subfused to a single band, which is split by a light line at base and interrupted by two light spots. Tegmen with brown mirror, apical field with some black spots, femora with green in dorsal area and fore femur with red in ventral area (Fig. 4A & B). Measurements. Male: body 24.40, pronotum 6.68, tegmen 6.86, postfemur 11.26. Biology. Above specimens is a small nymph collected on sedge. It was yellow with black lines from head to abdomen (Fig. 4C). It was reared on vegetables and Chinese bird feed until adult. Calling song continues about 1.508��0.105 seconds with 0.099��0.009 seconds interval (Fig. 4G), 67��4.5 pulses in each chirps in 45.12��0.48 pulses/s rate (Fig. 4H)., Published as part of He, Zhu-Qing, Wang, Han-Qiang, Liu, Yun-Feng, Tian, Di & Li, Kai, 2020, New and little known Agraeciini species from Hainan, China (Orthoptera: Ensifera: Tettigoniidae: Conocephalinae: Agraeciini), pp. 153-162 in Zootaxa 4748 (1) on pages 157-158, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4748.1.8, http://zenodo.org/record/3697647, {"references":["Ingrisch, S. (1998) Monograph of the Oriental Agraeciini (Insecta, Ensifera, Tettigoniidae): Taxonomic revision, phylogeny, biogeography, stridulation and development. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 206, 1 - 391."]}

Rotary ultrasonic grinding machining (RUGM) is regarded as the most powerful machining method for engineering ceramic. However, there are micro-cracks on the machined surface inevitably for lower fracture roughness of material. As part of surface integrity, effective parameter and unified criterion are not proposed for micro-crack evaluation. In the paper, surface micro-crack evaluation of engineering ceramics by RUGM was investigated. Micro-crack generation area ratio calculation model and information dimension calculation model were established. On the basis of those, a new evaluation parameter, called micro-crack fractal density, was proposed to reveal the characteristics of micro-crack. The parameter was proved to evaluate micro-crack evolution rule effectively with the advantages of statistics and multi-scale. Meanwhile, the factors affecting micro-crack fractal density evaluation were investigated. It is found that the micro-crack fractal density increases with cutting force rising, while it decreases as fracture toughness rises. The results provide the support for surface integrity evaluation of engineering ceramics.

Time-sensitive targets strike is a hot and difficult topic in the research of targets attack system, however, the acquisition of reference images of time-sensitive targets are high-cost and data is scarce. Aiming at the problem, a simulation method of generating multi-view images of time-sensitive targets is proposed. Firstly, the imaging model of the aircraft viewpoints transformation is established, and the coordinate transformation is deduced in detail; Secondly, a multi-view images generation algorithm is designed, and the implementation of the algorithm is introduced in detail. Simulation result shows that the method is effective for the simulation of multi-view images with high value of time-sensitive targets.