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Animal-based metal threads were largely used between the 10th and the ffteenth century, in European, Middle Eastern and Far Eastern textile productions for the decoration of textiles and cloths. They belong to a larger group of metal threads, used either as fat threads or wrapped around a fber core, that were backed by an organic support (animal or paper). This study focuses on the medievalproduction of metal threads backed by an animal membrane (e.g. gut membrane), or skin. A total of 91 samples were collected from a corpus of 66 textile fragments belonging to 54 catalogued objects. The relevance and novelty of the present study is represented by the combination of proteomics, cross-section analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM–EDS and SEM-µXRF). The diversity of materials and manufacturing techniques found within each typology of thread, respectively, membrane-based metal threads and skin-based metal threads, hinted at diferent production technologies. Membrane-based threads were found to be invariably made from cattle gut membrane, coated with gilt-silver leaves. A possible sheep glue adhesive was found in a few samples. Skin-based threads were made from either goat or sheep leather, coated with metal leaves or powder. Within the three diferent types of coatings identifed (silver, gold and gilt-silver), gold coatings were the most represented. Goat leather threads were associated with an egg-white binder, while sturgeon glue was identifed as adhesive in all sheep leather threads. Collagen glue from other species (cattle, sheep, horse) was occasionally found in mixed adhesives. In two textiles, the fnding of human proteins indicates past contamination due to handling or use. The analytical results show coherence between the fabrication patterns of animal-based metal threads and their probable geographical areas of manufacture, indicating that the study of materials and techniques provide further criteria to classify and group textiles, and trace correlat

2021/2022, 2n quadrimestre

La Restauración Virtual del patrimonio viene siendo una acción que resulta relativamente cotidiana, pero que a día de hoy sigue planteando una serie de cuestiones que van desde su epistemología hasta las verdaderas acciones de restauración virtual como operaciones. Con esta investigación, lo que se ha intentado es realizar una profundización teórica de la Restauración Virtual, tanto a nivel formativo, disciplinar y profesional, para comprobar hasta qué punto se pueden extrapolar las operaciones y los criterios de la restauración clásica al ámbito virtual, y, si se puede, comprobar mediante la realización de casos prácticos la ejecución de estas simulaciones digitales de manera empírica y cómo realizarlas estableciendo una metodología para cada una de las operaciones clara y transparente. Todo ello, con la finalidad de que todos los resultados que se obtengan, sean extrapolables a casos similares y se respeten todos los principios éticos marcados en el campo de la conservación-restauración, finalizando con la propuesta de una Carta de Restauración Virtual y demostrando la capacidad del conservador-restaurador para ejecutar este tipo de operaciones., The Virtual Restoration of heritage has been a relatively familiar action, but nowadays it continues to raise a lot of questions ranging from its epistemology to the true virtual restoration actions. What has been attempted with this research is to accomplish a theoretical in-depth study of Virtual Restoration, both at a formative disciplinary and professional level, to verify to what extent the operations and criteria of classical restoration can be extrapolated to the virtual field. At the same time, another goal of this project is to verify, by carrying out practical cases, the execution of these digital simulations empirically and how to accomplish them by establishing a clear and transparent methodology for each of the operations. All of this has been done with the aim that all the results obtained can be extrapolated to similar cases and that all the ethical principles established in the field of conservation-restoration are respected, ending with the proposal of a Virtual Restoration Charter and demonstrating the ability of the conservator-restorer to execute this type of operations., A Restauração Virtual do patrimônio, embora seja uma ação relativamente cotidiana, vem promovendo, hoje em dia, uma série de questões que vão desde sua epistemologia até as verdadeiras ações de restauração virtual como operações. Esta pesquisa buscou realizar um aprofundamento teórico no que diz respeito à Restauração Virtual, tanto a nível formativo e disciplinar como profissional, para comprovar até que ponto se pode extrapolar as operações e os critérios da restauração clássica no âmbito virtual, e se afirmativo, comprovar, mediante a realização de casos práticos, a execução dessas simulações digitais de maneira empírica e como realizá-las estabelecendo uma metodologia clara e transparente para cada uma das operações. A finalidade é que todos os resultados obtidos sejam extrapoláveis a casos similares e se respeitem os princípios éticos marcados no campo da conservação-restauração, finalizando com a proposta de uma Carta de Restauração Virtual e demonstrando a capacidade do conservadorrestaurador em executar esses tipos de operações.