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Lymphatic filariasis is a leading cause of chronic and irreversible damage to human immunity. This paper presents deterministic and continuous-time Markov chain (CTMC) stochastic models regarding lymphatic filariasis dynamics. To account for randomness and uncertainties in dynamics, the CTMC model was formulated based on deterministic model possible events. A deterministic model's outputs suggest that disease extinction is feasible when the secondary threshold infection number is below one, while persistence becomes likely when the opposite holds true. Furthermore, the significant contribution of asymptomatic carriers was identified. Results indicate that persistence is more likely to occur when the infection results from asymptomatic, acutely infected, or infectious mosquitoes. Consequently, the CTMC stochastic model is essential in capturing variabilities, randomness, associated probabilities, and validity across different scales, whereas oversimplification and unpredictability of inherent may not be featured in a deterministic model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Much research has shown that online news engenders greater political participation, but less attention has been paid to how the relationship can be suppressed by government online surveillance and censorship, especially as Internet freedoms continue to decline in many parts of the world. Drawing from 2017–20 World Value Survey and Varieties of Democracy project data, we conducted multilevel analyses across forty-four countries from seven continents that have different political and media systems. Results showed that online news and online surveillance were positively related to political engagement while online censorship was negatively related. Cross-level interactions also showed some support for the informational theory of repression, whereby the relationships among online news, surveillance, and engagement were conditioned at different levels of online censorship. The results suggest that while country-level online surveillance and censorship is highly correlated, varying levels can engender or suppress political engagement in different ways, which have implications for future studies on the dynamics of government digital repression and citizen participation in politics from a global comparative perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) onset, progression and outcomes differ substantially between individuals. Multi-omics analyses may allow a deeper understanding of these differences and ultimately facilitate personalised treatments. Here, in an unsupervised "bottom-up" approach, we attempt to group T2D patients based solely on -omics data generated from plasma. Methods: Circulating plasma lipidomic and proteomic data from two independent clinical cohorts, Hoorn Diabetes Care System (DCS) and Genetics of Diabetes Audit and Research in Tayside Scotland (GoDARTS), were analysed using Similarity Network Fusion. The resulting patient network was analysed with Logistic and Cox regression modelling to explore relationships between plasma -omic profiles and clinical characteristics. Results: From a total of 1,134 subjects in the two cohorts, levels of 180 circulating plasma lipids and 1195 proteins were used to separate patients into two subgroups. These differed in terms of glycaemic deterioration (Hazard Ratio=0.56;0.73), insulin sensitivity and secretion (C-peptide, p=3.7e-11;2.5e-06, DCS and GoDARTS, respectively; Homeostatic model assessment 2 (HOMA2)-B; -IR; -S, p=0.0008;4.2e-11;1.1e-09, only in DCS). The main molecular signatures separating the two groups included triacylglycerols, sphingomyelin, testican-1 and interleukin 18 receptor. Conclusions: Using an unsupervised network-based fusion method on plasma lipidomics and proteomics data from two independent cohorts, we were able to identify two subgroups of T2D patients differing in terms of disease severity. The molecular signatures identified within these subgroups provide insights into disease mechanisms and possibly new prognostic markers for T2D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Finally, hydroboration of the enol carbamates derived from citronellal demonstrated a matched/mismatched effect wherein the I S i -methyl isomer was formed with a substantially higher dr than the I R i -methyl isomer. Keywords: hydroboration; Matteson homologation; Julia olefination; boronic esters; rhodium catalysis EN hydroboration Matteson homologation Julia olefination boronic esters rhodium catalysis 2181 2186 6 10/31/23 20231127 NES 231127 Graph The Matteson homologation remains a valuable synthetic transformation and a subject of continuing development 60 years after its initial disclosure. [28] We reasoned that asymmetric hydroboration of enol carbamates might produce -boryl carbamates with equal access to either enantiomer and a requirement for only catalytic quantities of the chiral controller (Scheme 1 F). [Extracted from the article]

Given the demand for green economic growth and sustainable development, many economic practices demonstrate different rates and characteristics of the transition to a green economy, which in one way or another are determined by the initial socio-economic factors and the economic policy implemented by the state. Stimulating green growth and increasing the well-being of society through the rational use of natural resources, natural capital and ecosystems require the elaboration and development of alternative measures for ensuring the rational use of natural resources, the development of environmental innovations and human capital. An equally important factor contributing to green growth is the formation of a state policy of green economic growth, as well as tools and mechanisms for its implementation. The conceptual foundations of a supranational green growth policy have already been developed and the methodological basis has been elaborated. The study of the experience and best practices of green growth in different countries allows us to identify certain shortcomings that require a deeper study and revision of state regulation documents. In addition, the post-Covid economy requires a separate consideration from the point of view of both the relevance of the policy of green growth and the measures and tools for its implementation. Thus, the study of modern trends and principles of the implementation of the state policy of green growth is a topical area of research that requires critical rethinking for the introduction of more constructive measures for reaching the set goals and objectives.

Government subsidies affect many kinds of world’s fishery and are intended to restore troubled fisheries. The article shows that current information about global subsidies for fishery are fragmentary due to lack of its classification and accounting. But at the same time, many fishery countries allow overfishing, illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing. As a result, bioresources are overexploited, and economical indicators of fishing deteriorate. Depleted reserves of fish in seas, and also economical and social problems within fishery society is a result of exploiting of marine bioresources in terms of lack of proper fishing management system. We have made an attempt to summarize approaches of different organizations to classify global subsidies. The presented analysis shows that the largest share of subsidies falls on fuel, which is undoubtable a negative tendency. The assessment of subsidies level for the largest fishery countries is implemented. Scientific and practical recommendations are formulated, its compliance may provide the growth of economical state without accelerating the depletion of fish stocks.

The possibility of using polydisperse steel-smelting slag for the production of type B asphalt concrete is investigated, the possibility of its use as a mineral powder, crushing screening and crushed stone is considered. As a result of the study, it was found that a promising area for the use of slag raw materials in the technology for the preparation of asphalt mixes is: as a mineral powder - without additional processing steps; crushing screening - with the development of additional technological operations. The use of raw materials as crushed stone is impractical because of the high average density of the final asphalt mixture. Based on the test results, the characteristics of the fatigue properties of asphalt concrete from fine-grained dense mixtures of type B made on mineral powders from slag and limestone were obtained. It was established that at the initial moment, a large number of cycles to failure are characterized by compositions on slag powder, however, samples from this series tested after 45 days showed a significant rigidity increase and were destroyed earlier than similar samples on limestone. Obviously, this phenomenon is associated with an increase in the brittle properties of the material due to the formation of crystallization-condensation bonds in the structure of asphalt concrete containing slag.

A museum cluster is a phenomenon that did not acquire conceptual understanding until the late 1990s. Since then, numerous approaches to defining a museum cluster have been put to the test. It has been unanimously stated that a museum cluster is an environment-creating and culture-forming entity, which catches the spirit of the time/place and embodies the locus genii. The museum, thus, renews and strengthens itself in the urban, scientific and cultural thought. These apply well to Krasnaya Gorka, a museum cluster in Kemerovskaya oblast. Combining all ‘cluster’ characteristics, Krasnaya Gorka features very specific, historically and culturally valuable trends eventually transforming the urban environment and forming local traditions. The study is aimed at comprehensive research of a museum cluster contribution to the local culture, environment, science, economy and, most importantly, people. The study showed that: (1) the Krasnaya Gorka museum is justifiably the heart of a cluster; (2) the archival materials in city museums are valuable as integral historic documents in their own right, but more significant when regarded along with other papers and artefacts in the domain of the museums, forming the cluster; c) the Krasnaya Gorka museum is a culture-forming entity due to its aggregating people and organizing activities.

This research features the phenomenon of the so-called literature of space, namely amateur and professional poetic texts that together constitute a cultural supertext devoted to the Siberian coal mining region of Kuzbass. The article employed a multifaceted approach (statistical, pragmatic, textual and temporal/spatial vision analysis) to reconstruct the image of the region in the naïve worldview. Statistical analysis identified the key words and semantic models. The cognitive analysis reveals the basic cognitive structures, while the textual analysis makes it possible to reconstruct narrative and perception. The pragmatic analysis determines the communication role model and the predominant speech acts. The study exposes extended thematic nets of geographical, natural and meteorological terms, time description, and coal mining realia. The predominating cognitive models represent Kuzbass as a territory / a living being / treasure trove / home / family, while the most significant motif for professional oeuvre is legitimizing the peripheral area as an inseparable part of the Russian domain and history. Introspection, simultaneity, and strong modality appears to be the most significant text characteristics. Thus, the image of Kuzbass proves to be a complex comprehensive multitiered phenomenon based on different linguistic units and reflecting the results of the evaluative perception and processing.