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The effect of residence time of graphitisation on thermal conductivity of molded graphite has been examined. The examination has been conducted by varying residence time of graphitisation of molded carbon with petroleum coke as raw material and coal tar pitch. Graphitisation has been conducted by heating molded graphite at 2500 °C in argon atmosphere with residention time of 10, 30 and 90 minutes. Graphitisation degree, density, shrinking mass and porosity of molded graphite were examined and so was its thermal conductivity. The result showed that the decrease of porosity and the increase of graphitisation degree due to the increasing of residention time of graphitisation will increase the thermal conductivity of graphite. Molded graphite graphitisized with residence time for 90 minutes residention time gave thermal conductivity of 2.134 Watt/mK and graphitization degree 0.718.

Pregnancy is a new period of life, where the baby growth before they were ready to born. Pregnancy closely associated with anemia, which Hb amount of mother under 11gr% on first and third trimester, and under 10.5gr% on second trimester. Lack of knowledge can lead to inappropriate attitudes and actions in reduce the incidence of anemia. Peer group support which is discuss about the same health problem was untried before. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of peer group support to knowledge, attitudes, and actions of pregnant women on anemia prevention during pregnancy. This is a pre-experiments study with one group pretest-posttest design. Population of this study consist of 156 pregnant women. This research using purposive sampling method. The number of samples is 16 respondents. Independent variable of this study is peer group support, while the dependent variables are knowledge, attitudes and actions. Data collected by observation and questionnaires. The data analyzed with Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test with significance level p < 0.05. Peer group support has a significant influences in increasing knowledge level, attitudes and actions of pregnant woman. Knowledge analysis test results: 0.001, attitudes: 0.001 and actions: 0.001. It shows there are significant differences of knowledge, attitudes and actions between before and after peer group support. Peer group support can improve knowledge, attitudes and actions of pregnant woman on anemia prevention. Peer group support helps pregnant woman to get many informations from the other members and also help them to find a way out of her problems about anemia prevention. This may be a suggestion for the health provider to organize peer group support regularly to increase the knowledge, attitudes and actions of pregnant woman in effort to decrease the incidence of anemia in pregnant woman.

Objective: Empowering family caregivers is one of the strategies to increase the family caregiver's capability in T2DM self-management. The adequate capability of family caregivers in T2DM self-management can improve T2DM management, impacting people's health status with T2DM. This study aimed to examine the effect of family caregiver empowerment intervention on the family caregiver's T2DM self-management capability., Methods: This study is an experimental study with a randomized control group pre-test post-test design. The sample size is 60 respondents by simple random sampling, which is divided into two groups randomly. The treatment group (n=30) received 10-session intervention in 10 weeks (six education and training sessions and four mentoring sessions), and the control group (n=30) received standard care. Data were collected using a questionnaire, twice, before and after the intervention (12 weeks after the last intervention session) and analysed descriptively and statistically (One way-ANOVA test, dependent t-test, and independent t-test)., Results: The empowerment intervention significantly increased the family caregiver's T2DM self-management capability, including diet management (t=4.070; p<.001), physical activity management (t=9.493; p<.001), medication management (t=4.021; p<.001), self-monitoring blood glucose levels (t=2.789; p<.001), and foot care skills (t=6.835; p<.001)., Conclusion: Family caregiver empowerment interventions can improve the capability of family caregivers in self-management of T2DM, including increasing the capability to manage diet, physical activity, medication, self-monitoring blood glucose levels, and foot care. Nurses can empower family members as family caregivers to improve self-management of T2DM., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: Diabetes has resulted in an increase in diabetic fatigue syndrome, which has a negative influence on health, particularly the risk of worsening quality of life (QoL) due to physical and mental limitations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the experiences of patients with unregulated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and diabetes fatigue syndrome., Methods: This study used a qualitative phenomenological design and focused on patients from four primary health centers (PHCs) in Surabaya, Indonesia with higher incidents of unregulated T2DM. Thirty participants were recruited using purposive sampling with the following inclusion criteria: adult T2DM patients, willing to participate in the study, and able to recount experiences associated with their illness. Data collection took place between April and June 2020 across 36 interview sessions. Semi-structured interviews were carried out face-to-face with each participant with the principles of social distancing applied due to the COVID-19 pandemic., Results: Analysis identified five themes and thirteen subthemes. The first theme was participants' experiences during blood glucose imbalance. Other themes included experiences of boredom with diet, physical and psychological distress, financial problems during treatment, and sexual problems., Conclusion: Participants with T2DM who experienced diabetes fatigue reported negative effects on their life, especially on health, functional daily activity, and finances. The results of this study can provide information for nurses and other healthcare providers to promote interventions for patients with T2DM, such as modifying lifestyle, self-acceptance, and self-efficacy., Competing Interests: Conflict of interestThe authors declare that there are no competing interests in this study., (© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Tehran University of Medical Sciences 2022, Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.)

Introduction: Hypertension is a silent killer disease that, if not handled properly, will lead to dangerous complications for the patient. Health education through mobile phones can be an intervention used to improve health services and the management of hypertension in the community. This study aims to synthesise research findings on the effect of mobile phone health education interventions on hypertensive patients., Materials and Methods: A systematic review. Search strategy was conducted on international journal databases, namely Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest, Web of Science, and Science Direct with the keywords 'health education', 'mobile phone' and 'hypertension'. Inclusion criteria using PICOS, namely Population: hypertensive patients, Intervention: health education using a mobile phone, Comparation: ordinary health education, Output: knowledge, attitudes, behaviour, Study design: trial method. The publication year 2017-2021., Results: There were 145 articles found in the search. Articles were identified and screened resulting in five complete articles that met the inclusion criteria. The results of this study found that health education interventions via mobile phones could increase patient knowledge about hypertension; improve self-management; monitor blood pressure; increase adherence to pharmacological treatment, a hypertensive diet, i.e.,low salt intake, vegetable and fruit intake, and physical activity; decrease blood pressure; and improve quality of life. Health education via mobile phones can also provide the latest information quickly to patients about controlling hypertension, antihypertensive drugs, and health services that can be utilised., Conclusion: Health education interventions via mobile phones have a significant positive effect in controlling hypertension in the community, but it is necessary to consider the patient's age, socioeconomic status, literacy conditions, and ability to use mobile phones to receive the health education that will be provided.

Background and Aims: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients often experience unregulated blood glucose due to the lack of resilience. The aim of this study was to explore diabetes resilience among adults with regulated T2DM., Methods: This study used a qualitative case study design. A total of 15 participants with T2DM were recruited through snowball sampling. The study was conducted in four Health Primary Centers in Surabaya, Indonesia. The indicators of diabetes resilience were proper management of diet, activity, stress, and drugs. Interview guidelines were used to collect the data through in-depth interviews. The data were subjected to thematic analysis., Results: In this study, the results identified four themes, namely, resilient, support, benefits, and self-care agency. These themes were found among the participants with a resilient condition and regulated blood glucose., Conclusions: Resilient, support, benefits, and self-care agency are the themes for achieving diabetes resilience by adults with T2DM. Policymakers and health workers need to consider health interventions for increasing the resilience of T2DM patients so that they can achieve a better glycemic control condition, and manage their diet, medication, activity and stress properly., (Copyright © 2020 Diabetes India. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: Stroke patients often suffer from depression, a mental disorder that worsens their condition and slows down the recovery process. Depression is the leading cause of functional disability due to inability to cope with daily stressors and to function independently in their activities. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between depression and functional disability levels in post-stroke patients. Design and Methods: This is an analytic observational research with a cross-sectional approach. The population in exam consisted of all 4-12 week post-stroke patient in the hospital (about 139 patients). The study focused on 104 respondents, who were selected using simple random sampling techniques. Results: The results show that 62.5% stroke patients suffered mild depressive episodes after the stroke while 58.7% experienced mild disabilities. Analysis results using the Pearson Product Moment Test obtained P=0,000. This shows there is a relationship between the level of depression and the degree of functional disability in post-stroke patients. Conclusions: It can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between the levels of post-stroke depression and the functional disability. Families are expected to provide a safe, supportive, and comfortable environment to lessen the level of depression., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: The authors declare no potential conflict of interests., (©Copyright: the Author(s).)

Background: Traditional divers from the Maluku Province of Indonesia have not received formal education and training related to standard diving tools. They only become accomplished at diving generation by generation. The use of non-standard diving tools increases the risk of injury and illness. This study aimed to get an overview of the health and safety behaviours of traditional divers., Materials and Methods: The study was qualitative, involving 15 traditional divers who used compressors for at least 1 year and who'd had decompression sickness and barotrauma as a result of diving. The data was obtained through in-depth interviews, analysed through the Colaizzi method., Results: The participants' diving health and safety behaviour is triggered by the perception of the risk of diving. This is supported by the reinforcing social and environmental factors leading to the form of health and safety behaviour when diving. These behaviours include diving without planning, using a compressor, and making "sesajen" (kind of food, leaves, and water that are believed to be a form of surrender to the creator) which is an offering or present to the gods or ancestors. This behaviour causes complaints such as trauma and an increased economic burden. Some participants consider complaints as a threat and plan to stop diving. The participants made a plan before dive and declared that they would change their behaviour to ensure safety., Conclusions: Health and safety behaviour related to diving must be socialised and facilitated. The establishment of a divers' community that cares about health and safety behaviour needs to become important as a support system.