372 results on '"Kunstler, Georges"'
Search Results
52. Effects of competition on tree radial-growth vary in importance but not in intensity along climatic gradients
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Kunstler, Georges, Albert, Cécile H., Courbaud, Benoît, Lavergne, Sébastien, Thuiller, Wilfried, Vieilledent, Ghislain, Zimmermann, Niklaus E., and Coomes, David A.
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- 2011
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53. Individual variability in tree allometry determines light resource allocation in forest ecosystems: a hierarchical Bayesian approach
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Vieilledent, Ghislain, Courbaud, Benoît, Kunstler, Georges, Dhôte, Jean-François, and Clark, James S.
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- 2010
54. Linking Individual Response to Biotic Interactions with Community Structure: A Trait-Based Framework
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Gross, Nicolas, Kunstler, Georges, Liancourt, Pierre, de Bello, Francesco, Suding, Katharine Nash, and Lavorel, Sandra
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- 2009
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55. Size-Dependence of Growth and Mortality Influence the Shade Tolerance of Trees in a Lowland Temperate Rain Forest
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Kunstler, Georges, Coomes, David A., and Canham, Charles D.
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- 2009
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56. A Greater Range of Shade-Tolerance Niches in Nutrient-Rich Forests: An Explanation for Positive Richness-Productivity Relationships?
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Coomes, David A., Kunstler, Georges, Canham, Charles D., and Wright, Elaine
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- 2009
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57. Seed Supply, Drought, and Grazing Determine Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Recruitment for Native and Introduced Invasive Pines in Grasslands
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Boulant, Nadine, Kunstler, Georges, Rambal, Serge, and Lepart, Jacques
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- 2008
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58. Facilitation in Plant Communities: The Past, the Present, and the Future
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Brooker, Rob W., Maestre, Fernando T., Callaway, Ragan M., Lortie, Christopher L., Cavieres, Lohengrin A., Kunstler, Georges, Liancourt, Pierre, Tielbörger, Katja, Travis, Justin M. J., Anthelme, Fabien, Armas, Cristina, Coll, Lluis, Corcket, Emmanuel, Delzon, Sylvain, Forey, Estelle, Kikvidze, Zaal, Olofsson, Johan, Pugnaire, Francisco, Quiroz, Constanza L., Saccone, Patrick, Schiffers, Katja, Seifan, Merav, Touzard, Blaise, and Michalet, Richard
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- 2008
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59. Divergent occurrences of juvenile and adult trees are explained by both environmental change and ontogenetic effects
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Heiland, Lukas, primary, Kunstler, Georges, additional, Ruiz‐Benito, Paloma, additional, Buras, Allan, additional, Dahlgren, Jonas, additional, and Hülsmann, Lisa, additional
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- 2022
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60. Colonization and extinction dynamics and their link to the distribution of European trees at the continental scale
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Guyennon, Arnaud, primary, Reineking, Björn, additional, Dahlgren, Jonas, additional, Lehtonen, Aleksi, additional, Ratcliffe, Sophia, additional, Ruiz‐Benito, Paloma, additional, Zavala, Miguel A., additional, and Kunstler, Georges, additional
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- 2021
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61. Are variations of direct and indirect plant interactions along a climatic gradient dependent on speciesʼ strategies? An experiment on tree seedlings
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Defossez, Emmanuel, Courbaud, Benoît, Lasbouygues, Olivier, Schiffers, Katja, and Kunstler, Georges
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- 2016
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62. Review for "Leaf trait network architecture shifts with species-richness and climate across forests at continental scale"
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Kunstler, Georges, primary
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- 2021
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63. Does probability of occurrence relate to population dynamics?
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Thuiller, Wilfried, Münkemüller, Tamara, Schiffers, Katja H., Georges, Damien, Dullinger, Stefan, Eckhart, Vincent M., Edwards, Thomas C., Jr, Gravel, Dominique, Kunstler, Georges, Merow, Cory, Moore, Kara, Piedallu, Christian, Vissault, Steve, Zimmermann, Niklaus E., Zurell, Damaris, and Schurr, Frank M.
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- 2014
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64. Sustainable management, earthquake disturbances, and transient dynamics: modelling timber harvesting impacts in mixed-species forests
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Kunstler, Georges, Allen, Robert B., Coomes, David A., Canham, Charles D., and Wright, Elaine F.
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- 2013
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65. Emergent Shapes of Trait-Based Competition Functions from Resource-Based Models: A Gaussian Is Not Normal in Plant Communities
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Falster, Daniel S., primary, Kunstler, Georges, additional, FitzJohn, Richard G., additional, and Westoby, Mark, additional
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- 2021
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66. Intra-specific variability and the competition–colonisation trade-off: coexistence, abundance and stability patterns
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Courbaud, Benoit, Vieilledent, Ghislain, and Kunstler, Georges
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- 2012
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67. Biases in the estimation of size-dependent mortality models: advantages of a semiparametric approach
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Vieilledent, Ghislain, Courbaud, Benoit, Kunstler, Georges, Dhote, Jean-Francois, and Clark, James S.
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Mortality -- Models -- Canada ,Trees -- Statistics ,Plant populations -- Statistics ,Earth sciences ,Statistics ,Models - Abstract
Mortality rate is thought to show a U-shape relationship to tree size. This shape could result from a decrease of competition-related mortality as diameter increases, followed by an increase of senescence and disturbance-related mortality for large trees. Modeling mortality rate as a function of diameter is nevertheless difficult, first because this relationship is strongly nonlinear, and second because data can be unbalanced, with few observations for large trees. Parametric functions, which are inflexible and sensitive to the distribution of observations, tend to introduce biases in mortality rate estimates. In this study we use mortality data for Abies alba Mill. and Picea abies (L.) Karst. to demonstrate that mortality rate estimates for extreme diameters were biased when using classical parametric functions. We then propose a semiparametric approach allowing a more flexible relationship between mortality and diameter. We show that the relatively shadetolerant A. alba has a lower annual mortality rate (2.75%) than P. abies (3.78%) for small trees (DBH La relation entre taux de mortalite et taille des arbres presente une forme en U. Cette forme serait associee a une diminution de la mortalite due a la competition pour les faibles diametres, suivie d'une augmentation de la mortalite due a la senescence et aux perturbations. La modelisation du taux de mortalite en fonction du diametre est difficile, car la relation est fortement non-lineaire et car les donnees sont desequilibrees, avec peu d'observations pour les gros arbres. Les fonctions parametriques habituellement utilisees sont peu flexibles et sensibles a la repartition des donnees. Nous avons etudie la mortalite d'Abies alba Mill. et de Picea abies (L.) Karst. pour demontrer que l'estimation du taux de mortalite pour des diametres extremes etait biaisee lorsque fon utilisait des fonctions parametriques. Nous proposons une approche semi-parametrique plus flexible pour representer la relation entre mortalite et diametre. Nous montrons qu'A. alba, (espece la plus tolerante a (ombre, a un taux de mortalite annuel plus faible (2,75 %) que P. abies (3,78 %) pour de faibles DBH ( [Traduit par la Redaction], Introduction Understanding how mortality risk is influenced by tree size is frustrated by the fact that tree death is rarely observed, especially for large trees. The relationship between size and [...]
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- 2009
68. Resistance and resilience of New Zealand tree species to browsing
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Bee, Jennie N., Kunstler, Georges, and Coomes, David A.
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Biological sciences ,Environmental issues - Abstract
To purchase or authenticate to the full-text of this article, please visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2007.01261.x Byline: JENNIE N. BEE (*), GEORGES KUNSTLER (*[double dagger]), DAVID A. COOMES (*[dagger]) Keywords: herbivory; invasive species; plant growth; plant-herbivore interactions; red deer; simulated browsing Abstract: Summary A prominent idea in the literature on plant-herbivore interactions is that fast-growing species have low resistance but high resilience to herbivory. In other words, fast-growing species are selectively eaten by herbivores but recover quickly following damage. Many studies have challenged the generality of this theory, but little attention has been paid to plant species that have evolved in the absence of major groups of herbivores. Here we analyse whether this resistance-resilience trade-off applies to New Zealand woody species, which evolved without exposure to mammalian herbivores until their introduction in 19th century. We simulated deer browse by clipping saplings of 12 tree species to varying extents (0, 20, 40, 80 and 100% of leaf-bearing branches removed), and quantified the shoot growth, diameter growth and survival of these saplings. The time taken to regrow the removed branches was generally slow, but varied among species. For example, species took between 0.5 and 3 years to recover from removal of 60% of branches. It was the inherently fast-growing species that recovered most quickly. Some species had stimulated shoot growth at moderate levels of clipping (40-60%) but this effect had relatively little effect on recovery time compared with differences in potential growth rates of species. Diameter growth rate fell linearly with increased clipping intensity for all 12 species, and there was no indication of recovery 2 years after the treatment. We speculate that saplings invested in rebuilding their canopies following clipping, and that few resources were left over for diameter growth. Few saplings died as a result of clipping, except when 100% of leaf-bearing shoots were removed, in which case five species died in substantial numbers (> 15%), including all three conifers in the study. Previous work has shown that the most palatable species (i.e. those with low resistance) have leaves with low fibre content. We find that these species are relatively fast growing and recover most rapidly from simulated browsing (i.e. are highly resilient). This provides some support for a resistance-resilience trade-off related to potential growth rates. Deer invasion in New Zealand was associated with the loss of short soft-leaved tree species from the browse layer. Our study suggests that the most palatable species have the potential to grow fast and may be in a relatively strong position to recover if deer are eradicated. Author Affiliation: (*)Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK, ([dagger])Landcare Research, PO Box 69, Lincoln, New Zealand, and ([double dagger])Cemagref - Unite de Recherche Ecosystemes Montagnards, B.P. 76, 38402 St-Martin-D'Heres cedex, France Article History: Received 13 January 2007; accepted 13 April 2007Handling Editor: Bob Jefferies Article note: Correspondence: D. A. Coomes (tel. 01223 333911; fax 01223 333953; e-mail dac18@cam.ac.uk).
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- 2007
69. Comparing effective dispersal in expanding population of Pinus sylvestris and Pinus nigra in calcareous grassland
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Debain, Sandrine, Chadoeuf, Joel, Curt, Thomas, Kunstler, Georges, and Lepart, Jacques
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Plants -- Dispersal ,Pine -- Distribution -- Evaluation ,Grassland ecology -- Research ,Earth sciences ,Company distribution practices ,Distribution ,Evaluation ,Research - Abstract
Abstract: Accurate predictions about plant invasions require estimation of demographic and dispersal parameters in low-density, expanding populations. We used inverse modelling on the spatial distribution of seedlings to estimate the [...]
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- 2007
70. Tree colonization of sub-Mediterranean grasslands: effects of dispersal limitation and shrub facilitation
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Kunstler, Georges, Chadoeuf, Joel, Klein, Etienne K., Curt, Thomas, Bouchaud, Monique, and Lepart, Jacques
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Mediterranean region -- Environmental aspects ,Trees -- Distribution -- Environmental aspects ,Grassland ecology -- Observations -- Environmental aspects ,Earth sciences ,Company distribution practices ,Observations ,Distribution ,Environmental aspects - Abstract
Abstract: Encroachment of trees into low-productivity grasslands is a serious threat to grassland biodiversity throughout Europe. Although the rate of encroachment of trees into grassland is variable and poorly understood, [...]
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- 2007
71. Potential Future Ranges of Tree Species in the Alps
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E., Niklaus, primary, Jandl, Robert, additional, Hanewinkel, Marc, additional, Kunstler, Georges, additional, Klling, Christian, additional, Gasparini, Patrizia, additional, Breznikar, Andrej, additional, S., Eliane, additional, Normand, Signe, additional, Ulmer, Ulrich, additional, Gschwandtner, Thomas, additional, Veit, Holger, additional, Naumann, Maria, additional, Falk, Wolfgang, additional, Mellert, Karl, additional, Rizzo, Maria, additional, Skudnik, Mitja, additional, and Psomas, Achilleas, additional
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- 2013
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72. Spatial pattern of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and oak (Quercus pubescens Mill.) seedlings in natural pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) woodlands
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Kunstler, Georges, Curt, Thomas, and Lepart, Jacques
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- 2004
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73. Demographic performance of European tree species at their hot and cold climatic edges
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Kunstler, Georges, primary, Guyennon, Arnaud, additional, Ratcliffe, Sophia, additional, Rüger, Nadja, additional, Ruiz‐Benito, Paloma, additional, Childs, Dylan Z., additional, Dahlgren, Jonas, additional, Lehtonen, Aleksi, additional, Thuiller, Wilfried, additional, Wirth, Christian, additional, Zavala, Miguel A., additional, and Salguero‐Gomez, Roberto, additional
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- 2020
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74. Short-lived plants have stronger demographic responses to climate
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Compagnoni, Aldo, primary, Levin, Sam, additional, Childs, Dylan Z., additional, Harpole, Stan, additional, Paniw, Maria, additional, Römer, Gesa, additional, Burns, Jean H., additional, Che-Castaldo, Judy, additional, Rüger, Nadja, additional, Kunstler, Georges, additional, Bennett, Joanne M, additional, Archer, C. Ruth, additional, Jones, Owen R., additional, Salguero-Gómez, Roberto, additional, and Knight, Tiffany M., additional
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- 2020
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75. Asymmetric competition, ontogenetic growth and size inequality drive the difference in productivity between two-strata and one-stratum forest stands
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Cordonnier, Thomas, primary, Smadi, Charline, additional, Kunstler, Georges, additional, and Courbaud, Benoît, additional
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- 2019
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76. Colonization and extinction dynamics and their link to the distribution of European trees at the continental scale.
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Guyennon, Arnaud, Reineking, Björn, Dahlgren, Jonas, Lehtonen, Aleksi, Ratcliffe, Sophia, Ruiz‐Benito, Paloma, Zavala, Miguel A., and Kunstler, Georges
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COLONIZATION (Ecology) ,SPECIES distribution ,BIOLOGICAL extinction ,FOREST surveys ,TREES ,POPULATION viability analysis - Abstract
Aim: The population processes that drive tree species distribution are still widely debated. We test the hypotheses that metapopulation processes of colonization and extinction are linked to predictions of species distribution models. Location: Europe: Spain, France, Germany, Finland and Sweden. Taxon: Angiosperms and Gymnosperms. Methods: For 17 tree species analysed, we fitted species distribution models (SDM) relating environmental variables to presence–absence data across Europe. Then, using independent data from national forest inventories across Europe, we tested whether colonization and extinction probabilities are related to SDM occurrence probabilities. Finally, we assessed the probability of presence at metapopulation equilibrium depending on colonization and extinction probabilities. Results: We found that for most species at least one process (colonization/extinction) is related to SDM occurrence probability, but rarely both (only two species). Depending on the species, the link was either for colonization or for extinction, but relationships were generally weak. In addition, the metapopulation models tended to overestimate the occurrence probability at equilibrium. Main conclusions: Our study shows that metapopulation processes are only weakly related to SDM occurrence probability and call for caution in extrapolating SDM models to metapopulation dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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77. Colonization and extinction dynamics match the distribution of European trees at continental scale
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Guyennon, Arnaud, Reineking, Björn, Dahlgren, Jonas, Lehtonen, Aleksi, Ratcliffe, Sophia, Ruiz-Benito, Paloma, Zavala, Miguel A., and Kunstler, Georges
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Aim Processes driving current tree species distribution are still largely debated, and uncertainties about processes at play remain. Attempts to relate environmental factors and population related metrics have shown mixed results, and the link between tree species range and their population dynamics are unclear. In this context, we would like to test the hypotheses that meta-population processes of colonization and extinction drive species distributions. Location Europe: Spain, France, Germany, Finland, and Sweden. Taxon Angiosperms and Gymnosperms. Methods For the 17 tree species analyzed we fitted species distribution model (SDM) relating environmental variables to presence absence data across Europe. Then using harmonized national forest inventories across Europe we tested whether colonization and extinction probabilities are related to occurrence probability estimated by the SDMs. Finally, we tested whether the equilibrium probability of presence derived from these models of colonization and extinction match the observed species distribution. Results We found that for most species that colonization probabilities in-creased with increasing occurrence probability, and conversely extinction probabilities decreased. We found that the equilibrium probability of presence derived from simple meta-population models was positively correlated but generally overestimated the SDM occurrence probability. Main conclusions Our study supports the view that meta-population dynamics are partly related to SDM occurrence probability. The over estimation of our simple meta-populations models probability of occurrence at equilibrium could be related to simplification of dispersal processes.
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- 2019
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78. How do trees respond to species mixing in experimental compared to observational studies?
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Kambach, Stephan, Allan, Eric, Bilodeau‐Gauthier, Simon, Coomes, David A., Haase, Josephine, Jucker, Tommaso, Kunstler, Georges, Müller, Sandra, Nock, Charles, Paquette, Alain, Van der Plas, Fons, Ratcliffe, Sophia, Roger, Fabian, Ruiz‐Benito, Paloma, Scherer‐Lorenzen, Michael, Auge, Harald, Bouriaud, Olivier, Castagneyrol, Bastien, Dahlgren, Jonas, Gamfeldt, Lars, Jactel, Hervé, Kändler, Gerald, Koricheva, Julia, Lehtonen, Aleksi, Muys, Bart, Ponette, Quentin, Setiawan, Nuri Nurlaila, Van de Peer, Thomas, Verheyen, Kris, Zavala, Miguel A., Bruelheide, Helge, MARTIN LUTHER UNIVERSITY HALLE DEU, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), UNIVERSITY OF BERN CHE, MINISTRY OF FOREST QUEBEC CAN, UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE GBR, ETHZ ZURICH CHE, UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL GBR, Laboratoire des EcoSystèmes et des Sociétés en Montagne (UR LESSEM), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), UNIVERSITY OF FREIBURG DEU, UNIVERSITE DU QUEBEC MONTREAL CAN, LEIPZIG UNIVERSITY DEU, LUND UNIVERSITY SWE, UNIVERSIDAD DE ALCALA MADRID ESP, UFZ HELMHOLTZ CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH HALLE DEU, University Stefan cel Mare of Suceava (USU), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), UNIVERSITY OF GOTTENBURG DEU, FOREST RESEARCH INSTITUTE BADEN WURTTEMBERG FREIBURG DEU, ROYAL HOLLOWAY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON GBR, LUKE NATURAL RESOURCES INSTITUTE FIN, UNIVERSITY OF LEUVEN BEL, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), UNIVERSITY OF GHENT BEL, and UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences
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productivity ,synthesis ,INCREASES ,Evolution ,tree growth ,ecosystem function and services ,COMPETITION ,580 Plants (Botany) ,DIVERSITY-PRODUCTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS ,FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY ,Behavior and Systematics ,RICHNESS ,lcsh:QH540-549.5 ,Biodiversity ,Ecosystem function and services ,FunDivEUROPE ,National forest inventories ,Productivity ,Species richness ,Synthesis ,Tree growth ,TreeDivNet ,species richness ,Original Research ,Nature and Landscape Conservation ,biodiversity ,Ecology ,national inventories ,ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION ,Biology and Life Sciences ,WOOD PRODUCTION ,Earth and Environmental Sciences ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,BIODIVERSITY LOSS ,PATTERNS ,GROWTH ,national forest inventories ,lcsh:Ecology ,FunDivEurope - Abstract
For decades, ecologists have investigated the effects of tree species diversity on tree productivity at different scales and with different approaches ranging from observational to experimental study designs. Using data from five European national forest inventories (16,773 plots), six tree species diversity experiments (584 plots), and six networks of comparative plots (169 plots), we tested whether tree species growth responses to species mixing are consistent and therefore transferrable between those different research approaches. Our results confirm the general positive effect of tree species mixing on species growth (16% on average) but we found no consistency in species‐specific responses to mixing between any of the three approaches, even after restricting comparisons to only those plots that shared similar mixtures compositions and forest types. These findings highlight the necessity to consider results from different research approaches when selecting species mixtures that should maximize positive forest biodiversity and functioning relationships., Using data from five European national forest inventories, six tree species diversity experiments, and six networks of comparative plots, we confirmed a general positive of species mixing on tree growth. Species‐specific responses to mixing were inconsistent between any of the tree approaches, even after restricting comparisons to only those plots that shared similar mixtures compositions and forest types. We thereby highlight the necessity to consider results from different research approaches to select species mixtures for maximizing biodiversity effects on tree growth.
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- 2019
79. Growth, mortality, and morphological response of European beech and downy oak along a light gradient in sub-Mediterranean forest
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Kunstler, Georges, Curt, Thomas, Bouchaud, Monique, and Lepart, Jacques
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- 2005
80. How do trees respond to species mixing in experimental compared to observational studies?
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UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences, Kambach, Stephan, Allan, Eric, Bilodeau‐Gauthier, Simon, Coomes, David A., Haase, Josephine, Jucker, Tommaso, Kunstler, Georges, Müller, Sandra, Nock, Charles, Paquette, Alain, Plas, Fons, Ratcliffe, Sophia, Roger, Fabian, Ruiz‐Benito, Paloma, Scherer‐Lorenzen, Michael, Auge, Harald, Bouriaud, Olivier, Castagneyrol, Bastien, Dahlgren, Jonas, Gamfeldt, Lars, Jactel, Hervé, Kändler, Gerald, Koricheva, Julia, Lehtonen, Aleksi, Muys, Bart, Ponette, Quentin, Setiawan, Nuri, Van de Peer, Thomas, Verheyen, Kris, Zavala, Miguel A., Bruelheide, Helge, UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences, Kambach, Stephan, Allan, Eric, Bilodeau‐Gauthier, Simon, Coomes, David A., Haase, Josephine, Jucker, Tommaso, Kunstler, Georges, Müller, Sandra, Nock, Charles, Paquette, Alain, Plas, Fons, Ratcliffe, Sophia, Roger, Fabian, Ruiz‐Benito, Paloma, Scherer‐Lorenzen, Michael, Auge, Harald, Bouriaud, Olivier, Castagneyrol, Bastien, Dahlgren, Jonas, Gamfeldt, Lars, Jactel, Hervé, Kändler, Gerald, Koricheva, Julia, Lehtonen, Aleksi, Muys, Bart, Ponette, Quentin, Setiawan, Nuri, Van de Peer, Thomas, Verheyen, Kris, Zavala, Miguel A., and Bruelheide, Helge
- Abstract
For decades, ecologists have investigated the effects of tree species diversity on tree productivity at different scales and with different approaches ranging from observational to experimental study designs. Using data from five European national forest inventories (16,773 plots), six tree species diversity experiments (584 plots), and six networks of comparative plots (169 plots), we tested whether tree species growth responses to species mixing are consistent and therefore transferrable between those different research approaches. Our results confirm the general positive effect of tree species mixing on species growth (16% on average) but we found no consistency in species‐specific responses to mixing between any of the three approaches, even after restricting comparisons to only those plots that shared similar mixtures compositions and forest types. These findings highlight the necessity to consider results from different research approaches when selecting species mixtures that should maximize positive forest biodiversity and functioning relationships.
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- 2019
81. Size inequality and productivity in monospecific forest stands: ontogenetic growth and asymmetric competition matter
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Cordonnier, Thomas, Smadi, C., Kunstler, Georges, Courbaud, Benoît, Laboratoire des EcoSystèmes et des Sociétés en Montagne (UR LESSEM), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Laboratoire d'ingénierie pour les systèmes complexes (UR LISC), and Irstea Publications, Migration
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[SDE] Environmental Sciences ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences - Abstract
National audience; Size inequality has been considered a key feature of plant population structure with impacts on ecosystem functions. In forest ecosystems, studies examining the relationship between tree size inequality and stand productivity have produced mixed outcomes. Most studies have discussed positive or negative relationships with regard to competition for light between trees (e.g. light interception efficiency), but far less attention has been paid to the role played by tree ontogenetic growth. In this article, we present a simple mathematical model that provides the ontogenetic basal area growth of trees in a stand having two strata and that includes size-asymmetric competition between trees. Comparing the growth of this stand to the growth of a reference stand with only one stratum, we show that higher growth of the two-strata stand is achieved for low intensities of absolute size-asymmetric competition and for concave shape, increasing functions of ontogenetic growth. We also demonstrate that the difference in growth between the two stands depends on tree density, stand quadratic mean diameter and tree size inequality in the two-strata stand. We highlight that different relationships between size inequality and productivity can be achieved (positive, negative and nonmonotonous). Overall, our results highlight that ontogenetic growth has a major impact on these relationships. We then discuss the consequences for future studies analysing the effect of size inequality on forest productivity. Our approach calls for new theoretical developments to deal with size inequality and ecosystem functions in plant populations.
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- 2018
82. RAPPORT FINAL DU PROJET ADAMONT IMPACTS DU CHANGEMENT CLIMATIQUE ET ADAPTATION EN TERRITOIRE
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Achin, Coralie, Alavoine-Mornas, Françoise, Alphe, Danaé, Berger, Frédéric, Bray, Frédéric, Brun, Jean-Jacques, Chauvin, Christophe, Cordonnier, Thomas, Cosson, Arnaud, Da Costa, Sophie, Eckert, Nicolas, Evin, Guillaume, Forestier, Elodie, Francois, Hugues, Gayrard, Jean-Loup, Gentilini, Emilie, George, Emma-Nuelle, Guitton, William, Jonas, Emmanuel, Knipping, Solène, Kunstler, Georges, Labonne, Sophie, Liébault, Frédéric, Loucougaray, Gregory, Madelrieux, Sophie, Maldonado, Eric, Morin, Samuel, Nettier, Baptiste, Reineking, Bjoern, Richard, Didier, Sardat, Nicole, Sielenou, Pascal, Spandre, Pierre, Spie-Gelberger, Thomas, Tacnet, Jean-Marc, Teissier, Sophie, TIVADAR, Mihai, Tschanz, Léïta, Verfaillie, Déborah, Veron, François, Laboratoire des EcoSystèmes et des Sociétés en Montagne (UR LESSEM), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Risques, Ecosystèmes, Vulnérabilité, Environnement, Résilience (RECOVER), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), IRSTEA - Center of Grenoble, Erosion torrentielle neige et avalanches (UR ETGR (ETNA)), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Irstea, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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Changement climatique ,base de données ,planification ,[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes ,approche intégrée ,adaptation ,territoires non urbains ,Préalpes ,UML ,territoire de montagne ,communautés territoriales ,services climatiques ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,organisations apprenantes ,normes ISO ,management ,politiques publiques ,modélisation ,BPMN (Business Process Model and Notation) - Abstract
OBJECTIFS - Le projet AdaMont, soutenu par le programme Gestion des Impacts du Changement Clima-tique (GICC) et l’Observatoire National des Effets du Réchauffement Climatique (ONERC), a été réalisé de 2015 à 2017. Conformément aux attendus du programme GICC, le projet s’est intéressé à caractériser et à projeter les impacts du changement climatique pour un territoire, et à proposer une méthodologie d’approche intégrée de l’adaptation au changement climatique à l’échelle de ce territoire, dans une dé-marche participative et pluridisciplinaire.MONTAGNE – Le choix du terrain s’est porté sur les massifs et Parcs Naturels Régionaux (PNR) des Préalpes, des territoires de moyenne montagne très sensibles et déjà impactés par le réchauffement cli-matique. Ces massifs offrent une large palette de milieux et de climats le long de gradients d’altitude, d’exposition, de latitude et de pression urbaine. Ils sont également des terrains privilégiés d’observation et de recherche, en lien avec les PNR et les autres parties-prenantes de ces territoires. L’analyse porte sur les principales ressources de ces massifs et activités de gestion rattachées aux secteurs agricole, forestier, touristique, de la gestion de l’eau et des risques naturels.PARTENARIAT - Le projet est mené en partenariat entre Irstea, le Centre National de la Recherche Météo-rologique et les Parcs Naturels Régionaux du Vercors et des Préalpes. Il s’appuie également sur un large partenariat de terrain. Côté recherche, le projet mobilise une part importante du collectif du centre Irstea de Grenoble, au carrefour des trois domaines disciplinaires et d’application qui y sont développés : sciences sociales et territoires, écologie et écosystèmes de montagne, géosciences et risques naturels. Le projet s’interface aussi avec les nombreux projets de recherche existants ou en développement sur le changement climatique à l’échelle de la Communauté Université Grenoble Alpes, ainsi qu’avec différents projets de recherche nationaux, interrégionaux et européens menés dans le centre.PARTICIPATION - Le travail participatif et de co-construction autour de regards croisés constitue un fon-dement essentiel du projet AdaMont. Les ateliers participatifs ont rassemblé plus de 150 personnes, en-trepreneurs et gestionnaires, experts et chercheurs, chargés de mission et responsables territoriaux. Ils ont permis de recueillir et de capitaliser les connaissances tout en portant attention à la pratique des ges-tionnaires de terrain.CONNAISSANCE – Malgré le choix de terrains d’étude bien connus des chercheurs, les connaissances scientifiques et quantifiés sur les impacts et les vulnérabilités au CC restent encore insuffisantes pour permettre une approche quantifiée. La mise en place d’une approche participative et qualitative a consti-tué la base du rassemblement et de la structuration d’un ensemble cohérent sur la base de connaissances de différentes natures, scientifiques, expertes et pratiques, permettant de travailler dans des terrains peu documentés.COMMUNICATION – Plusieurs actions et supports de sensibilisation et de communication ont pu être élaborés en soutien et en valorisation de la démarche, touchant plusieurs centaines de personnes et tout type de public. Différentes initiatives sont en cours pour poursuivre cette diffusion des informations sur l’adaptation au CC, avec par exemple la mise en place d’un parcours de géocaching.APPROCHE SYSTÉMIQUE - Un cadre d’analyse systémique mis en place sur la base d’un travail pluridisci-plinaire structure l’ensemble de la démarche méthodologique, coeur du projet. Au regard de l’ampleur de la problématique à aborder, l’approche se base pour l’essentiel sur des « focus » permettant de tester la faisabilité et la pertinence de différentes méthodes et outils pertinents pour cette approche systémique. Ils renvoient alors vers d’autres questions ou projets de recherche.CLIMAT - La mise au point d’une méthode de régionalisation des projections climatiques a généré des données adaptées aux massifs montagneux pour trois scénarios contrastés du GIEC. Ces projections cli-matiques ont été mobilisées comme données d’entrée des ateliers participatifs pour étayer la caractérisa-tion des aléas et des perturbations climatiques. Elles ont aussi servi à initier et développer des projets de recherche sur la modélisation des impacts du changement climatique sur les ressources naturelles et les activités économiques en montagne, et tout particulièrement sur la neige et le tourisme de neige.AdaMont : Rapport final (mai 2018) Page 11IMPACTS - Le projet AdaMont s’est donné comme objectif de mener une caractérisation approfondie et la plus exhaustive possible des conséquences du changement climatique pour les territoires étudiés depuis l’aléa climatique, les perturbations et impacts associés, jusqu’aux pratiques d’adaptation, en associant synthèse de l’état de l’art, informations recueillies lors des ateliers et modélisation.VULNÉRABILITÉS - La question de la sensibilité et des vulnérabilités des territoires au changement clima-tique est abordée avec l’objectif de développer une approche « enrichie » de diagnostic de la vulnérabilité des territoires, spatialisée et fonctionnelle. Le travail a été initié autour de trois focus : enseignements du travail participatif pour la caractérisation des vulnérabilités, vulnérabilités associées aux réseaux de trans-port ; vulnérabilités au prisme des socio-écosystèmes.SYSTÈME DE MANAGEMENT DE L’ADAPTATION – La diversité et la complexité des modalités d’adaptation possibles à mettre en oeuvre dans un territoire de moyenne montagne est décrite par une approche « processus », dans le cadre d’un « système de management de l’adaptation » ou « SMA », dé-rivé des approches classiques des systèmes de management de la qualité « SMQ ». L’objectif principal de ce « SMA » est de faire communiquer les différents métiers au travers de leur activité d’adaptation au changement climatique, afin de pouvoir raisonner cette adaptation de façon intégrée à l’échelle du terri-toire.MODÉLISATION INTÉGRÉE - Un important travail de modélisation formelle par langage UML a été effec-tué dans le but de capitaliser, de structurer et de mettre en relation les informations recueillies dans le projet, afin de proposer une modélisation intégrée du système d’adaptation à l’échelle d’un territoire de moyenne montagne. Cette modélisation intégrée repose sur une représentation du système territorial d’adaptation en trois couches d’information se référant à la chaîne impacts / vulnérabilités / adaptations. Le modèle obtenu est appelé « MAIA » pour « Modélisation Améliorative et Intégrée de l’Adaptation ». Il peut être interfacé avec d’autres approches de modélisation spécialisées.CAS D’ADAPTATION – Le travail d’intégration s’est fait par alignement entre les différents référentiels utilisés dans l’approche intégrée du système de management de l’adaptation « SMA ». Cet alignement a été effectué par la mise en place d’un cadre d’analyse stratégique et de mise en oeuvre de l’adaptation appelé « ZOE » pour « Zone de mise en OEuvre ». Il a débouché sur la définition d’un concept et objet pi-vot appelé « cas d’adaptation ». Sur la base des travaux menés dans le Vercors, 28 cas d’adaptation ratta-chés à 5 enjeux principaux et déclinés dans 265 activités d’adaptation de référence ont ainsi pu être iden-tifiés, mobilisant 52 fonctions en support de ces activités.BASE DE DONNÉES – Une base de données physique liée au modèle intégré, appelée « MAIA-DATA » a été mise en place afin de pouvoir capitaliser et mettre à disposition l’ensemble des informations ainsi recueillies et formalisées. Cette base de données sur l’adaptation est définie de façon assez générique pour être applicable sur d’autres types de territoires, et peut être enrichie de façon continue et dyna-mique. Elle constitue en ce sens un observatoire de l’adaptation, ainsi qu’un outil d’aide à la décision en aidant à identifier les différentes voies et bonnes pratiques d’adaptation. Elle permet également de révé-ler les interactions et les effets leviers entre les différentes stratégies et activités d’adaptation.TRANSFERT - La mise à l’épreuve du système de management de l’adaptation reste à faire sur le terrain. Les premières implémentations opérationnelles montrent néanmoins la capacité de la démarche d’ensemble à donner un cadre formel et intégré qui permette à la fois de capitaliser la connaissance de façon participative et progressive, mais aussi de révéler la réponse adaptative d’un système territorial aux perturbations climatiques à même de contribuer aux processus de décisions des différentes parties inté-ressées.SERVICES CLIMATIQUES - L’approche développée est aussi porteuse de propositions pour les autres types de territoires et pour la conception de « services climatiques » afin d’accompagner les territoires dans leurs pratiques et politiques d’adaptation au changement climatique.
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- 2018
83. La cartographie continentale des fonctions des écosystèmes forestier révèle un potentiel élevé mais non réalisé de multifonctionnalité
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FONS VAN DER, P., RATCLIFFE, S., RUIZ-BENITO, P., SCHERER-LORENZEN, Michael, VERHEYEN, Kris, WIRTH, C., ZAVALA, M.A., AMPOORTER, E., BAETEN, L., BARBARO, Luc, BASTIAS, C.C., BAUHUS, Juergen, BENAVIDES, R., BENNETER, A., BONAL, Damien, BOURIAUD, Olivier, BRUELHEIDE, H., BUSSOTTI, F., CARNOL, M., CASTAGNEYROL, Bastien, CHARBONNIER, Yohan, CORNELISSEN, J.H.C., DAHLGREN, J., CHECKO, E., COPPI, A., DAWUD, S.M., DECONCHAT, Marc, DE SMEDT, P., DE WANDELER, H., DOMISCH, T., FINÉR, L., FOTELLI, M., GESSLER, Arthur, GRANIER, A., GROSSIORD, Charlotte, GUYOT, V., HAASE, J., HÄTTENSCHWILER, Stephan, JACTEL, Hervé, JAROSZEWICZ, B., JOLY, F.X., JUCKER, T., KAMBACH, S., KAENDLER, Gerald, KATTGE, J., KORICHEVA, J., KUNSTLER, Georges, LEHTONEN, A., LIEBERGESELL, M., MANNING, P., MILLIGAN, H., MULLER, S., MUYS, Bart, NGUYEN, D., NOCK, C., OHSE, B., PAQUETTE, Alain, PENUELAS, J., POLLASTRINI, M., RADOGLOU, K., RAULUND-RASMUSSEN, K., ROGER, F., SEIDL, R., SELVI, F., STENLID, J., VALLADARES, Fernando, VAN KEER, J., VESTERDAL, L., FISCHER, M., GAMFELDT, L., and ALLAN, E.
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fundiveurope - Published
- 2018
84. Does demographic performance predict species distribution? A trait-based analysis on European tree species
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Kunstler, Georges, Salguero Gomez, R, Ruger, N., Ratcliffe, S., Thuiller, W., Irstea Publications, Migration, Laboratoire des EcoSystèmes et des Sociétés en Montagne (UR LESSEM), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), OXFORD UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY OXFORD UK, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), and Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])
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[SDE] Environmental Sciences ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,FRANCE ,FINLANDE ,SUEDE ,ALLEMAGNE ,ESPAGNE - Abstract
International audience; In the face of climate change, there are increasing concerns about the future redistribution of species ranges. Species ranges are thought to reflect demographic trends, which are governed by vital rates (e.g. survival, growth, reproduction). However, we have a poor understanding of how demography drives species distributions. This issue is particularly complex for large and long-lived organisms such as trees, for which populations' dynamics are strongly dependent on their size structure. Integral projection models (IPMs) have been proposed as a powerful tool to predict the fate of such size-structured populations due to their flexibility, robustness to low sample size, and ability to explicitly include a/biotic factors such as density dependence and climate. Here, we used forest inventory data from over 90,000 plots and 27 tree species, containing over one million adult trees across Spain, France, Germany, Sweden, and Finland to parameterise IPMs. These models include the effect of both climate and local competition. To describe each species' niche, we estimated species probability of presence with ensemble species distribution models (SDMs) fitted on 250,000 plots across Europe. Next, we compared key demographic metrics of the population dynamics derived with these IPMs such as life expectancy or passage time against the species probability of presence to test whether climatic-dependent IPMs capture the demographic signature of the species ranges. Specifically, we evaluated whether the level of local competition modifies the links between demography and species ranges. Finally, we explored whether species' functional traits such as wood density or specific leaf area help to explain why for some species there is a strong match between demographic performance and range, whereas for other species demography seems disconnected from their distribution.
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85. Continental mapping of forest ecosystem functions reveals widespread synergies
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Van Der Plas , F, Ratcliffe, Sophia, Ruiz Benito, Paloma, Scherer-Lorenzen , Michael, Verheyen , K., Wirth, C., Zavala Gironés, Miguel Ángel de, Ampoorter , E, Baeten , L, Barbaro , L, Crespo, C, Bauhus , J, Castagneyrol, Bastien, Charbonnier , Y, Cornelissen, J.H.C., Dahlgren, J., Checko , E, Coppi , A, Dawud , S, Deconchat , M, Desmedt , P, De Wandeler , H, Domisch , T, Finer , L., Fotelli , M, Gessler , A, Granier , A, Grossiord , C, Guyot , V, Haase , J, Hattenschwiler , S, Jactel , H, Jaroszewicz , B, Joly , F-X, Jucker , T, Kambach , S, Kändler, Gerald, Kattge, Jens, Koricheva , J, Kunstler, Georges, Lehtonen, Aleksi, Liebergesell, M, Manning , P, Milligan , H, Müller , S, Muys, Bart, Nguyen , D, Nock , C, Ohse , B, Paquette , A., Peñuelas Rubira, Juan Luis, Pollastrini , M, Radoglou , K, Raulund-Rasmussen , K, Roger , F, Seidl , R, Selvi , F, Stenlid , J, Valladares Ros, Fernando, Vesterdal , L, Fischer , M, Gamfeldt , L, Eric , E, and Universidad de Alcalá. Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida
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Medio Ambiente ,Climate ,Upscaling ,Ecosystem services ,Tree communities ,Biodiversity ,Forest ,Environmental science ,Ecosystem multifunctionality ,Phylogenetic diversity - Abstract
Humans require multiple services from ecosystems, but it is largely unknown whether trade‐offs between ecosystem functions prevent the realisation of high ecosystem multifunctionality across spatial scales. Here, we combined a comprehensive dataset (28 ecosystem functions measured on 209 forest plots) with a forest inventory dataset (105,316 plots) to extrapolate and map relationships between various ecosystem multifunctionality measures across Europe. These multifunctionality measures reflected different management objectives, related to timber production, climate regulation and biodiversity conservation/recreation. We found that trade‐offs among them were rare across Europe, at both local and continental scales. This suggests a high potential for 'win‐win' forest management strategies, where overall multifunctionality is maximised. However, across sites, multifunctionality was on average 45.8‐49.8% below maximum levels and not necessarily highest in protected areas. Therefore, using one of the most comprehensive assessments so far, our study suggests a high but largely unrealised potential for management to promote multifunctional forests.
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- 2018
86. How neighbourhood interactions control the temporal stability and resilience to drought of trees in mountain forests
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Jourdan, Marion, primary, Kunstler, Georges, additional, and Morin, Xavier, additional
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- 2019
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87. Defoliation induces a trade-off between reproduction and growth in a southern population of Beech
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Kunstler, Georges, primary
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- 2019
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88. Demographic performance of European tree species at their hot and cold climatic edges
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Kunstler, Georges, primary, Guyennon, Arnaud, additional, Ratcliffe, Sophia, additional, Rüger, Nadja, additional, Ruiz-Benito, Paloma, additional, Childs, Dylan Z., additional, Dahlgren, Jonas, additional, Lehtonen, Aleksi, additional, Thuiller, Wilfried, additional, Wirth, Christian, additional, Zavala, Miguel A., additional, and Salguero-Gomez, Roberto, additional
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- 2019
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89. Colonization and extinction dynamics and their link to the distribution of European trees at continental scale
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Guyennon, Arnaud, primary, Reineking, Björn, additional, Dahlgren, Jonas, additional, Lehtonen, Aleksi, additional, Ratcliffe, Sophia, additional, Ruiz-Benito, Paloma, additional, Zavala, Miguel A., additional, and Kunstler, Georges, additional
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- 2019
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90. Continental mapping of forest ecosystem functions reveals a high but unrealised potential for forest multifunctionality
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van der Plas, Fons, Ratcliffe, Sophia, Ruiz-Benito, Paloma, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Verheyen, Kris, Wirth, Christian, Zavala, Miguel A., Ampoorter, Evy, Baeten, Lander, Barbaro, Luc, Bastias, Cristina C., Bauhus, Juergen, Benavides, Raquel, Benneter, Adam, Bonal, Damien, Bouriaud, Olivier, Bruelheide, Helge, Bussotti, Filippo, Carnol, Monique, Castagneyrol, Bastien, Charbonnier, Yohan, Cornelissen, Johannes H. C., Dahlgren, Jonas, Checko, Ewa, Coppi, Andrea, Dawud, Seid Muhie, Deconchat, Marc, De Smedt, Pallieter, De Wandeler, Hans, Domisch, Timo, Finer, Leena, Fotelli, Mariangela, Gessler, Arthur, Granier, Andre, Grossiord, Charlotte, Guyot, Virginie, Haase, Josephine, Haettenschwiler, Stephan, Jactel, Herve, Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, Joly, Francois-Xavier, Jucker, Tommaso, Kambach, Stephan, Kaendler, Gerald, Kattge, Jens, Koricheva, Julia, Kunstler, Georges, Lehtonen, Aleksi, Liebergesell, Mario, Manning, Peter, Milligan, Harriet, Mueller, Sandra, Muys, Bart, Nguyen, Diem, Nock, Charles, Ohse, Bettina, Paquette, Alain, Penuelas, Josep, Pollastrini, Martina, Radoglou, Kalliopi, Raulund-Rasmussen, Karsten, Roger, Fabian, Seidl, Rupert, Selvi, Federico, Stenlid, Jan, Valladares, Fernando, van Keer, Johan, Vesterdal, Lars, Fischer, Markus, Gamfeldt, Lars, Allan, Eric, van der Plas, Fons, Ratcliffe, Sophia, Ruiz-Benito, Paloma, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Verheyen, Kris, Wirth, Christian, Zavala, Miguel A., Ampoorter, Evy, Baeten, Lander, Barbaro, Luc, Bastias, Cristina C., Bauhus, Juergen, Benavides, Raquel, Benneter, Adam, Bonal, Damien, Bouriaud, Olivier, Bruelheide, Helge, Bussotti, Filippo, Carnol, Monique, Castagneyrol, Bastien, Charbonnier, Yohan, Cornelissen, Johannes H. C., Dahlgren, Jonas, Checko, Ewa, Coppi, Andrea, Dawud, Seid Muhie, Deconchat, Marc, De Smedt, Pallieter, De Wandeler, Hans, Domisch, Timo, Finer, Leena, Fotelli, Mariangela, Gessler, Arthur, Granier, Andre, Grossiord, Charlotte, Guyot, Virginie, Haase, Josephine, Haettenschwiler, Stephan, Jactel, Herve, Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, Joly, Francois-Xavier, Jucker, Tommaso, Kambach, Stephan, Kaendler, Gerald, Kattge, Jens, Koricheva, Julia, Kunstler, Georges, Lehtonen, Aleksi, Liebergesell, Mario, Manning, Peter, Milligan, Harriet, Mueller, Sandra, Muys, Bart, Nguyen, Diem, Nock, Charles, Ohse, Bettina, Paquette, Alain, Penuelas, Josep, Pollastrini, Martina, Radoglou, Kalliopi, Raulund-Rasmussen, Karsten, Roger, Fabian, Seidl, Rupert, Selvi, Federico, Stenlid, Jan, Valladares, Fernando, van Keer, Johan, Vesterdal, Lars, Fischer, Markus, Gamfeldt, Lars, and Allan, Eric
- Abstract
Humans require multiple services from ecosystems, but it is largely unknown whether trade-offs between ecosystem functions prevent the realisation of high ecosystem multifunctionality across spatial scales. Here, we combined a comprehensive dataset (28 ecosystem functions measured on 209 forest plots) with a forest inventory dataset (105,316 plots) to extrapolate and map relationships between various ecosystem multifunctionality measures across Europe. These multifunctionality measures reflected different management objectives, related to timber production, climate regulation and biodiversity conservation/recreation. We found that trade-offs among them were rare across Europe, at both local and continental scales. This suggests a high potential for ‘win-win’ forest management strategies, where overall multifunctionality is maximised. However, across sites, multifunctionality was on average 45.8-49.8% below maximum levels and not necessarily highest in protected areas. Therefore, using one of the most comprehensive assessments so far, our study suggests a high but largely unrealised potential for management to promote multifunctional forests.
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- 2018
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91. Continental mapping of forest ecosystem functions reveals a high but unrealised potential for forest multifunctionality
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German Research Foundation, European Commission, Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación (España), Plas, Fons van der, Ratcliffe, Sophia, Ruiz‐Benito, Paloma, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Verheyen, K., Wirth, Christian, Zavala, Miguel A., Ampoorter, E., Baeten, Lander, Barbaro, Luc, Bastias, Cristina C., Bauhus, Jürgen, Benavides, Raquel, Benneter, Adam, Bonal, Damien, Bouriaud, Olivier, Bruelheide, Helge, Bussotti, Filippo, Carnol, M., Castagneyrol, Bastien, Charbonnier, Y., Cornelissen, Johannes H. C., Dahlgren, Jonas, Checko, Ewa, Coppi, A., Muhie Dawud, Seid, Deconchat, Marc, Smedt, Pallieter De, Wandeler, Hans De, Domisch, Timo, Finér, Leena, Fotelli, Mariangela, Gessler, Arthur, Granier, André, Grossiord, Charlotte, Guyot, Virginie, Haase, Josephine, Hättenschwiler, S., Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, Joly, François‐Xavier, Jucker, Tommaso, Kambach, Stephan, Kaendler, Gerald, Kattge, Jens, Koricheva, J., Kunstler, Georges, Lehtonen, Aleksi, Liebergesell, Mario, Manning, Peter, Milligan, H., Müller, Sandra, Muys, Bart, Nguyen, Diem, Nock, Charles A., Ohse, Bettina, Paquette, Alain, Peñuelas, Josep, Pollastrini, Martina, Radoglou, Kalliopi, Raulund‐Rasmussen, Karsten, Roger, Fabian, Seidl, Rupert, Selvi, Federico, Stenlid, Jan, Valladares Ros, Fernando, Keer, Johan van, Vesterdal, Lars, Fischer, Markus, Gamfeldt, Lars, Allan, Eric, German Research Foundation, European Commission, Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación (España), Plas, Fons van der, Ratcliffe, Sophia, Ruiz‐Benito, Paloma, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Verheyen, K., Wirth, Christian, Zavala, Miguel A., Ampoorter, E., Baeten, Lander, Barbaro, Luc, Bastias, Cristina C., Bauhus, Jürgen, Benavides, Raquel, Benneter, Adam, Bonal, Damien, Bouriaud, Olivier, Bruelheide, Helge, Bussotti, Filippo, Carnol, M., Castagneyrol, Bastien, Charbonnier, Y., Cornelissen, Johannes H. C., Dahlgren, Jonas, Checko, Ewa, Coppi, A., Muhie Dawud, Seid, Deconchat, Marc, Smedt, Pallieter De, Wandeler, Hans De, Domisch, Timo, Finér, Leena, Fotelli, Mariangela, Gessler, Arthur, Granier, André, Grossiord, Charlotte, Guyot, Virginie, Haase, Josephine, Hättenschwiler, S., Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, Joly, François‐Xavier, Jucker, Tommaso, Kambach, Stephan, Kaendler, Gerald, Kattge, Jens, Koricheva, J., Kunstler, Georges, Lehtonen, Aleksi, Liebergesell, Mario, Manning, Peter, Milligan, H., Müller, Sandra, Muys, Bart, Nguyen, Diem, Nock, Charles A., Ohse, Bettina, Paquette, Alain, Peñuelas, Josep, Pollastrini, Martina, Radoglou, Kalliopi, Raulund‐Rasmussen, Karsten, Roger, Fabian, Seidl, Rupert, Selvi, Federico, Stenlid, Jan, Valladares Ros, Fernando, Keer, Johan van, Vesterdal, Lars, Fischer, Markus, Gamfeldt, Lars, and Allan, Eric
- Abstract
Humans require multiple services from ecosystems, but it is largely unknown whether trade‐offs between ecosystem functions prevent the realisation of high ecosystem multifunctionality across spatial scales. Here, we combined a comprehensive dataset (28 ecosystem functions measured on 209 forest plots) with a forest inventory dataset (105,316 plots) to extrapolate and map relationships between various ecosystem multifunctionality measures across Europe. These multifunctionality measures reflected different management objectives, related to timber production, climate regulation and biodiversity conservation/recreation. We found that trade‐offs among them were rare across Europe, at both local and continental scales. This suggests a high potential for ‘win‐win’ forest management strategies, where overall multifunctionality is maximised. However, across sites, multifunctionality was on average 45.8‐49.8% below maximum levels and not necessarily highest in protected areas. Therefore, using one of the most comprehensive assessments so far, our study suggests a high but largely unrealised potential for management to promote multifunctional forests.
- Published
- 2018
92. Demographic performance of European tree species at their hot and cold climatic edges.
- Author
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Kunstler, Georges, Guyennon, Arnaud, Ratcliffe, Sophia, Rüger, Nadja, Ruiz‐Benito, Paloma, Childs, Dylan Z., Dahlgren, Jonas, Lehtonen, Aleksi, Thuiller, Wilfried, Wirth, Christian, Zavala, Miguel A., Salguero‐Gomez, Roberto, and Leys, Bérangère
- Subjects
- *
TREE growth , *EDGES (Geometry) , *FOREST surveys , *SPECIES , *LIFE spans ,WOOD density - Abstract
Species range limits are thought to result from a decline in demographic performance at range edges. However, recent studies reporting contradictory patterns in species demographic performance at their edges cast doubt on our ability to predict climate change demographic impacts. To understand these inconsistent demographic responses, we need to shift the focus from geographic to climatic edges and analyse how species responses vary with climatic constraints at the edge and species' ecological strategy.Here we parameterised integral projection models with climate and competition effects for 27 tree species using forest inventory data from over 90,000 plots across Europe. Our models estimate size‐dependent climatic responses and evaluate their effects on two life trajectory metrics: life span and passage time—the time to grow to a large size. Then we predicted growth, survival, life span and passage time at the hot and dry or cold and wet edges and compared them to their values at the species climatic centre to derive indices of demographic response at the edge. Using these indices, we investigated whether differences in species demographic response between hot and cold edges could be explained by their position along the climate gradient and functional traits related to their climate stress tolerance.We found that at cold and wet edges of European tree species, growth and passage time were constrained, whereas at their hot and dry edges, survival and life span were constrained. Demographic constraints at the edge were stronger for species occurring in extreme conditions, that is, in hot edges of hot‐distributed species and cold edges of cold‐distributed species. Species leaf nitrogen content was strongly linked to their demographic responses at the edge. In contrast, we found only weak links with wood density, leaf size and xylem vulnerability to embolism.Synthesis. Our study presents a more complicated picture than previously thought with demographic responses that differ between hot and cold edges. Predictions of climate change impacts should be refined to include edge and species characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
93. How neighbourhood interactions control the temporal stability and resilience to drought of trees in mountain forests.
- Author
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Jourdan, Marion, Kunstler, Georges, Morin, Xavier, and Bellingham, Peter
- Subjects
- *
MOUNTAIN forests , *TREE growth , *FOREST resilience , *DROUGHTS , *COMPETITION (Biology) , *CLIMATE extremes , *SILVER fir - Abstract
Over the coming decades, the predicted increase in frequency and intensity of extreme events such as droughts is likely to have a strong effect on forest functioning. Recent studies have shown that species mixing may buffer the temporal variability of productivity. However, most studies have focused on temporal stability of productivity, while species mixing may also affect forest resilience to extreme events. Our understanding of mechanisms underlying species mixing effects on forest stability and resilience remains limited because we ignore how changes from intraspecific to interspecific interactions in the neighbourhood of a given tree might affect its stability and resilience to extreme drought (i.e. response during and after this drought). This is crucial to better understand forests' response to climate change and how diversity may help maintain forest functioning.Here we analysed how local intra‐ or interspecific interactions may affect the temporal stability and resilience to drought of individual trees in French mountain forests, using basal area increment data over the previous 20 years for Fagus sylvatica, Abies alba and Quercus pubescens. We analysed the effect of interspecific competition on (a) the temporal stability and (b) the resilience to drought (resistance and recovery) of individual tree radial growth.We found no significant interspecific competition effect on temporal stability, but species‐specific effects on tree growth resilience to drought. There was a positive effect of heterospecific proportion on the drought resilience of Q. pubescens, a negative effect for A. alba and no effect for F. sylvatica. These differences may be related to interspecific differences in water use or rooting depth.Synthesis: In this study, we showed that stand composition influences individual tree growth resilience to drought, but this effect varied depending on the species and its physiological responses. Our study also highlighted that a lack of biodiversity effect on long‐term stability might hide important effects on short‐term resilience to extreme climatic events. This may have important implications in the face of climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
94. Covariation between tree size and shade tolerance modulates mixed-forest productivity
- Author
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Cordonnier, Thomas, primary, Bourdier, Thomas, additional, Kunstler, Georges, additional, Piedallu, Christian, additional, and Courbaud, Benoît, additional
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
95. How Species Boundaries Are Determined: A Response to Alexander et al.
- Author
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Westoby, Mark, primary, Kunstler, Georges, additional, Leishman, Michelle R., additional, and Morgan, John, additional
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
96. Managing tree species diversity and ecosystem functions through coexistence mechanisms
- Author
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Cordonnier, Thomas, primary, Kunstler, Georges, additional, Courbaud, Benoît, additional, and Morin, Xavier, additional
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
97. Mortality of silver fir and Norway Spruce in the Western Alps — a semi-parametric approach combining size-dependent and growth-dependent mortality
- Author
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Vieilledent, Ghislain, Courbaud, Benoît, Kunstler, Georges, and Dhôte, Jean-François
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
98. How shift in traits composition along climatic gradients emerge from the interplay of climate stress and competition? A theoretical model analysis in forests
- Author
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Kunstler, Georges, Falster, D., Fitzjohn, R., Ecosystèmes montagnards (UR EMGR), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), MACQUARIE UNIVERSITY SYDNEY AUS, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), and Irstea Publications, Migration
- Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences - Abstract
International audience; Understanding changes in vegetation composition across large biogeographic gradients is fundamental, to predict biodiversity and ecosystems functioning at large scale. A long-standing theory is that these changes in forest composition emerge from the interplay of direct climate constraints and biotic interactions, and that biotic processes have a stronger role than abiotic processes in productive climatic conditions. Numerous models have been developed to explore this question, yet few connect with the real climatic gradients and the real traits shaping plants strategies. Here we explore this question with a new model – plant – in which interaction between trees is driven by competition for light in size-structured meta-populations. Trees performance connects directly with their leaf and stem traits. More specifically we explore the dynamics emerging for one or multiple traits that underpin trade off between species competitive ability for light and tolerance to climate stresses such as drought or frost. This knowledge is crucial to progress our understanding of how geographic boundaries of forest tree species are determined along climate gradients, and how they may move in the future.
- Published
- 2016
99. Continental mapping of forest ecosystem functions reveals a high but unrealised potential for forest multifunctionality
- Author
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Plas, Fons, primary, Ratcliffe, Sophia, additional, Ruiz‐Benito, Paloma, additional, Scherer‐Lorenzen, Michael, additional, Verheyen, Kris, additional, Wirth, Christian, additional, Zavala, Miguel A., additional, Ampoorter, Evy, additional, Baeten, Lander, additional, Barbaro, Luc, additional, Bastias, Cristina C., additional, Bauhus, Jürgen, additional, Benavides, Raquel, additional, Benneter, Adam, additional, Bonal, Damien, additional, Bouriaud, Olivier, additional, Bruelheide, Helge, additional, Bussotti, Filippo, additional, Carnol, Monique, additional, Castagneyrol, Bastien, additional, Charbonnier, Yohan, additional, Cornelissen, Johannes H. C., additional, Dahlgren, Jonas, additional, Checko, Ewa, additional, Coppi, Andrea, additional, Dawud, Seid Muhie, additional, Deconchat, Marc, additional, De Smedt, Pallieter, additional, De Wandeler, Hans, additional, Domisch, Timo, additional, Finér, Leena, additional, Fotelli, Mariangela, additional, Gessler, Arthur, additional, Granier, André, additional, Grossiord, Charlotte, additional, Guyot, Virginie, additional, Haase, Josephine, additional, Hättenschwiler, Stephan, additional, Jactel, Hervé, additional, Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, additional, Joly, François‐Xavier, additional, Jucker, Tommaso, additional, Kambach, Stephan, additional, Kaendler, Gerald, additional, Kattge, Jens, additional, Koricheva, Julia, additional, Kunstler, Georges, additional, Lehtonen, Aleksi, additional, Liebergesell, Mario, additional, Manning, Peter, additional, Milligan, Harriet, additional, Müller, Sandra, additional, Muys, Bart, additional, Nguyen, Diem, additional, Nock, Charles, additional, Ohse, Bettina, additional, Paquette, Alain, additional, Peñuelas, Josep, additional, Pollastrini, Martina, additional, Radoglou, Kalliopi, additional, Raulund‐Rasmussen, Karsten, additional, Roger, Fabian, additional, Seidl, Rupert, additional, Selvi, Federico, additional, Stenlid, Jan, additional, Valladares, Fernando, additional, Keer, Johan, additional, Vesterdal, Lars, additional, Fischer, Markus, additional, Gamfeldt, Lars, additional, and Allan, Eric, additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
100. Coupled effects of wind-storms and drought on tree mortality across 115 forest stands from the Western Alps and the Jura mountains
- Author
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Csilléry, Katalin, primary, Kunstler, Georges, additional, Courbaud, Benoît, additional, Allard, Denis, additional, Lassègues, Pierre, additional, Haslinger, Klaus, additional, and Gardiner, Barry, additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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