Search

This review delves into various Conducting Polymer (CP)-based supercapacitors, including polyaniline, polypyrrole, polyindole, polythiophene, and their derivatives. It covers fabrication methods, design concepts, and the types of electrolytes used along with their recent advancements and ongoing challenges. It explores the future direction of flexible supercapacitor materials and their potential impact on flexible electronic applications. The review focuses on the relationship between conductivity, polymer structure, and electrochemical performance, fabrication strategies, including advanced deposition techniques and solution-based methods. Initiatives to enhance electrochemical performance, such as integrating nanostructured materials, selecting electrolytes, and engineering interfaces have also been discussed. Mechanical challenges under bending and stretching conditions are also addressed. It offers a vital analysis of materials, fabrication methods, and performance enhancement in conducting polymer-based flexible supercapacitors, serving as a valuable resource for those involved in flexible energy storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing demand for renewable energy has driven significant advancements in solar cell technology, with nano-materials emerging as a key enabler of enhanced efficiency and sustainability. Nano-material-based solar cells offer unique advantages, including improved light absorption, high conversion efficiency, and potential for flexible applications. However, their integration into mainstream energy solutions is accompanied by environmental and economic challenges, such as toxicity, energy-intensive manufacturing, and limited scalability. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the environmental implications of nano-material solar cells, drawing on life cycle assessments, comparative studies, and eco-design principles. Key findings highlight the potential of eco-friendly materials and sustainable manufacturing techniques to reduce environmental footprints by up to 30%. Through a detailed exploration of mitigation strategies, this study identifies pathways for transitioning nanomaterial solar cells from innovation to large-scale adoption, contributing to global renewable energy goals and climate change mitigation efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article includes systematic update information with recent developments in nanocatalyzed organic transformations with the special emphasis on the use of nanostructured heterogeneous catalysts in multi‐component syntheses of structurally diverse drug‐like small molecules incorporating medicinally privileged heterocyclic systems. Moreover, the nanocatalyzed transformations included in the article are environmentally sustainable and will provide an access to a diverse range of heterocyclic scaffolds with the use of combinatorial chemistry in the presence of heterogeneous catalysts. The reaction mechanisms involving catalytic facilitation with the interaction of nanostructured catalysts with the reacting molecules have also been included. The nanocatalyzed multi‐component reactions included in the article will be important significantly for designing synthetic protocols to synthesize natural product mimetic scaffolds with privileged heterocyclic ring systems. Thus, the present review article will contribute considerably not only to the chemical research, especially organometallics, organic syntheses and catalyses, but also to the drug discovery research with the emphasis on pharmaceutical and medicinal research. The present review article presents a thorough and balanced view of the subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we have theoretically demonstrated the sensor performance in mid-IR frequency domain by resonance excitation of Bloch surface modes through energy coupling with graphene surface plasmon polaritons in truncated one-dimensional (1D) ternary photonic crystal (TPC) under Kretschmann configuration coupling technique. The involvement of optical anisotropy via graphene monolayer enhances light-matter interaction thus enabling excellent control over the resonance wavelength (RW) of the excited Bloch surface modes (EBSMs). For incident transverse magnetic-polarized electromagnetic waves, the band structure, reflection spectra and field profile are computed using 2 $ \times $ × 2 transfer matrix method. The control over the RW has been established by examining the effect of variation of different model parameters like thickness of truncation layer, refractive index of external medium, temperature, chemical potential and the periodicity of TPC. The variations in periodicity result in the expansion of the range of confinement of EBSMs in photonic band gaps from $ 19 \textrm{THz} $ 19 THz to $ 65 \textrm{THz} $ 65 THz . We proved that the variation in temperature between $ 300^\circ\textrm{K} $ 300 ∘ K and $ 500^\circ\textrm{K} $ 500 ∘ K confines the EBSMs with high coupling efficiency (CE). Also, at room temperature the best achievable quality factor (QF) is 1421 and a high Q.F. of 8170 is attained at $ 260^\circ\textrm{K} $ 260 ∘ K . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: Patients diagnosed with cancer post‐treatment are prone to have recurrent disease. Regular follow‐up of these patients enables early recognition and treatment. A tissue diagnosis before starting treatment is imperative to avoid misdiagnosis and management. Given their immunosuppression, maintaining good nutrition, body hygiene, and clean surroundings is essential to prevent the most common urinary tract infection to rare urinary myiasis infection. Cochliomyia hominivorax, Chrysomya bezziana, and Wohlfahrtia magnifica are the most prevalent flies causing myiasis in human beings. Risk factors for urinary myiasis are open or untreated wounds and debris around the genital area. Specific flies, ticks, and mosquitoes are responsible for myiasis in tropical or subtropical countries, when it is usually not transmitted from human to human. Flies lay their eggs near the urethra, and the larvae hatch and migrate to the bladder. Increased urinary frequency, haematuria, and lower abdominal pain are the most commonly found presenting symptoms. Simple preventive measures can avoid these complications. So, prevention is better than cure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Early studies exploring the physiological effects of space travel have indicated the body's capacity for reversible adaptation. However, the impact of long‐duration spaceflight, exceeding 6 months, presents more intricate challenges. Effects on the Cardiovascular (CV) System: Extended exposure to microgravity and radiation profoundly affects the CV system. Notable phenomena include fluid shifts toward the head and modified arterial pressure. These changes disrupt blood pressure regulation and elevate cardiac output. Additionally, the loss of venous compression leads to a reduction in central venous pressure. Fluid and Plasma Volume Changes: The displacement of fluid from the vascular system to the interstitium, driven by baroreceptor stimulation, results in a 10%–15% decline in plasma volume. Cardiac Muscle and Hematocrit Variations: Intriguingly, despite potential increases in cardiac workload, cardiac muscle atrophy and perplexing variations in hematocrit levels have been observed. The mechanism underlying atrophy appears to involve a shift in protein synthesis from the endoplasmic reticulum to the mitochondria via mortalin‐mediated mechanisms. Arrhythmias and QT Interval Prolongation: Instances of arrhythmias have been recurrently documented, although generally nonlethal, in both Russian and American space missions. Long‐duration spaceflight has been associated with the prolongation of the QT interval, particularly in extended missions. Radiation Effects: Exposure of the heart to the proton and heavy ion radiation pervasive in deep space contributes to coronary artery degeneration, augmented aortic stiffness, and carotid intima thickening through collagen‐mediated processes. Moreover, it accelerates the onset of atherosclerosis and triggers proinflammatory responses. Reentry and Postflight Challenges: Upon reentry, astronauts frequently experience orthostatic intolerance and altered sympathetic responses, which bear potential hazards in scenarios requiring rapid mobilization or evacuation. Conclusion: Consequently, careful monitoring of these cardiac risks is imperative for forthcoming missions. While early studies illuminate the adaptability of the body to space travel's challenges, the intricacies of long‐duration missions and their effects on the CV system necessitate continued investigation and vigilance to ensure astronaut health and mission success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Breastfeeding is crucial for infant health, yet challenges persist in promoting early initiation and exclusive breastfeeding, particularly among marginalized communities like the KOL tribe in Uttar Pradesh. This study aimed to understand breastfeeding practices among the KOL tribe and identify factors influencing these practices. Methods: A mixed-methods approach was employed, involving quantitative data collection through pre-designed questionnaires and qualitative in-depth interviews with KOL tribe mothers. Sampling included random selection, and data analysis was conducted using SPSS for quantitative data and QDA minor lite software for qualitative data. Results: Socioeconomic challenges were prevalent among the KOL tribe, with most women being illiterate and engaged in manual labour. Breastfeeding practices varied, including delayed initiation, reliance on cow/goat milk, and misconceptions about colostrum Health care utilization was limited, with home deliveries common due to family incompliance. Despite challenges, community support for breastfeeding was reported, and mothers felt comfortable breastfeeding in public. Conclusion: The study underscores the influence of socio-economic factors, cultural beliefs, and limited awareness on breastfeeding practices among the KOL tribe. Targeted interventions focusing on education, community engagement, and improving healthcare access are crucial for promoting optimal breastfeeding practices and improving infant health outcomes in marginalized communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]