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51. Introduction to Lung Diseases

Author

Jadhav, Shivraj Popat, Singh, Himmat, Hussain, Salman, Gilhotra, Ritu, Mishra, Anurag, Prasher, Parteek, Krishnan, Anand, Gupta, Gaurav, Dua, Kamal, editor, Löbenberg, Raimar, editor, Malheiros Luzo, Ângela Cristina, editor, Shukla, Shakti, editor, and Satija, Saurabh, editor

Published
2021
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61. Global burden of acute lower respiratory infection associated with human parainfluenza virus in children younger than 5 years for 2018: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Wang, Xin, Li, You, Deloria-Knoll, Maria, Madhi, Shabir A, Cohen, Cheryl, Arguelles, Vina Lea, Basnet, Sudha, Bassat, Quique, Brooks, W Abdullah, Echavarria, Marcela, Fasce, Rodrigo A, Gentile, Angela, Goswami, Doli, Homaira, Nusrat, Howie, Stephen R C, Kotloff, Karen L, Khuri-Bulos, Najwa, Krishnan, Anand, Lucero, Marilla G, Lupisan, Socorro, Mathisen, Maria, McLean, Kenneth A, Mira-Iglesias, Ainara, Moraleda, Cinta, Okamoto, Michiko, Oshitani, Histoshi, O'Brien, Katherine L, Owor, Betty E, Rasmussen, Zeba A, Rath, Barbara A, Salimi, Vahid, Sawatwong, Pongpun, Scott, J Anthony G, Simões, Eric A F, Sotomayor, Viviana, Thea, Donald M, Treurnicht, Florette K, Yoshida, Lay-Myint, Zar, Heather J, Campbell, Harry, and Nair, Harish

Published
2021
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62. List of contributors

Author

Aderibigbe, B.A., primary, Aggarwal, Aakriti, additional, Alven, S., additional, Anilkumar, V., additional, Anju, M.S., additional, Athira, R.K., additional, Bhatt, Anugya, additional, Buyana, B., additional, Cabral, Cátia S.D., additional, Chinta, Madhavi Latha, additional, Correia, Ilídio J., additional, de Melo-Diogo, Duarte, additional, Feketshane, Z., additional, Gandam, Pradeep Kumar, additional, Garg, Samridhi, additional, Gautam, Sneh, additional, Gauthaman, Ashna, additional, Graça, Mariana F.P., additional, Gupta, Amlan, additional, Gupta, Sweta K., additional, Hoskins, Clare, additional, Hussain, Zahid, additional, Jhonsa, Ruchi, additional, Kartha, Ranjith S., additional, Kasoju, Naresh, additional, Khan, Shahzeb, additional, Krishnan, Anand, additional, Kumar, Ritesh, additional, Lekshmi, P., additional, Man, Ernest, additional, Mano, João F., additional, Mishra, Narayan Chandra, additional, Mohd Amin, Mohd Cairul Iqbal, additional, Moreira, André F., additional, Mukherjee, Sunny, additional, Muthusamy, Senthilkumar, additional, Nair, Renjith P., additional, Nath, Asha V., additional, Nqoro, X., additional, Okur, Mehmet Evren, additional, Özcan Bülbül, Ece, additional, Parcha, Sreenivasa Rao, additional, Priya, Sushma, additional, Priyanka, A., additional, Ramasamy, Sripriya, additional, Rath, Subha Narayan, additional, Rawas-Qalaji, Mutasem, additional, Safeena, A.S., additional, Sah, Mahesh K., additional, Santos, Lúcia F., additional, Sarfraz, Rai Muhammad, additional, Siafaka, Panoraia I., additional, Sikka, Monica, additional, Singh, Hemant, additional, Sofia Silva, A., additional, Sohail, Mohammad, additional, Thomas, Lynda V., additional, Thu, Hnin Ei, additional, and Üstündağ Okur, Neslihan, additional

Published
2022
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67. Global burden of acute lower respiratory infection associated with human metapneumovirus in children under 5 years in 2018: a systematic review and modelling study

Author

Libster, Romina, Otieno, Grieven, Joundi, Imane, Broor, Shobha, Nicol, Mark, Amarchand, Ritvik, Shi, Ting, López-Labrador, F. Xavier, Baker, Julia M., Jamison, Alexandra, Choudekar, Avinash, Juvekar, Sanjay, Obermeier, Patrick, Schweiger, Brunhilde, Madrid, Lola, Thomas, Elizabeth, Lanaspa, Miguel, Nohynek, Hanna, Nokes, James, Werner, Marta, Danhg, Anh, Chadha, Mandeep, Puig-Barberà, Joan, Caballero, Mauricio T., Mathisen, Maria, Walaza, Sibongile, Hellferscee, Orienka, Laubscher, Matt, Higdon, Melissa M., Haddix, Meredith, Sawatwong, Pongpun, Baggett, Henry C., Seidenberg, Phil, Mwanayanda, Lawrence, Antonio, Martin, Ebruke, Bernard E., Adams, Tanja, Rahman, Mustafizur, Rahman, Mohammed Ziaur, Sow, Samboa O., Baillie, Vicky L., Workman, Lesley, Toizumi, Michiko, Tapia, Milagritos D., Nguyen, Thi hien anh, Morpeth, Susan, Wang, Xin, Li, You, Deloria-Knoll, Maria, Madhi, Shabir A, Cohen, Cheryl, Ali, Asad, Basnet, Sudha, Bassat, Quique, Brooks, W Abdullah, Chittaganpitch, Malinee, Echavarria, Marcela, Fasce, Rodrigo A, Goswami, Doli, Hirve, Siddhivinayak, Homaira, Nusrat, Howie, Stephen R C, Kotloff, Karen L, Khuri-Bulos, Najwa, Krishnan, Anand, Lucero, Marilla G, Lupisan, Socorro, Mira-Iglesias, Ainara, Moore, David P, Moraleda, Cinta, Nunes, Marta, Oshitani, Histoshi, Owor, Betty E, Polack, Fernando P, O'Brien, Katherine L, Rasmussen, Zeba A, Rath, Barbara A, Salimi, Vahid, Scott, J Anthony G, Simões, Eric A F, Strand, Tor A, Thea, Donald M, Treurnicht, Florette K, Vaccari, Linda C, Yoshida, Lay-Myint, Zar, Heather J, Campbell, Harry, and Nair, Harish

Published
2021
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68. The burden of headache disorders in North India:methodology, and validation of a Hindi version of the HARDSHIP questionnaire, for a community-based survey in Delhi and national capital territory region

Author

Duggal, Ashish, Chowdhury, Debashish, Krishnan, Anand, Amarchand, Ritvik, Steiner, Timothy J., Duggal, Ashish, Chowdhury, Debashish, Krishnan, Anand, Amarchand, Ritvik, and Steiner, Timothy J.

Abstract

Background: Knowledge of the prevalence and attributable burden of headache disorders in India is sparse, with only two recent population-based studies from South and East India. These produced conflicting results. A study in North India is needed. We report the methodology of such a study using, and validating, a Hindi translation of the Headache-Attributed Restriction, Disability, Social Handicap, and Impaired Participation (HARDSHIP) questionnaire developed by Lifting The Burden (LTB). Almost half of the Indian population speak Hindi or one of its dialects. Methods: The study adopted LTB’s standardized protocol for population-based studies in a cross-sectional survey using multistage random sampling conducted in urban Delhi and a surrounding rural area. Trained interviewers visited households unannounced, randomly selected one adult member from each and applied the Hindi version of HARDSHIP in face-to-face interviews. The most bothersome headache reported by participants was classified algorithmically into headache on ≥ 15 days/month (H15 +), migraine (including definite and probable) or tension-type headache (including definite and probable). These diagnoses were mutually exclusive. All participants diagnosed with H15 + and a 10% subsample of all others were additionally assessed by headache specialists and classified as above. We estimated the sensitivity and specificity of HARDSHIP diagnoses by comparison with the specialists’ diagnoses. Results: From 3,040 eligible households, 2,066 participants were interviewed. The participating proportions were 98.3% in rural areas but 52.9% in urban Delhi. In the validation subsample of 291 participants (149 rural, 142 urban), 61 did not report any headache (seven of those assessed by HARDSHIP, eight by headache specialists and 46 by both) [kappa = 0.83; 95% CI: 0.74-0.91]. In the remaining 230 participants who reported headache in the preceding year, sensitivity, specificity and kappa with (95% CI) were 0.73 (0.65-0.7

Published
2024

70. Low volume ECMO results study

Author

Joyce, Christopher J, Cook, David A, Walsham, James, Krishnan, Anand, Lo, Wingchi, Samaan, John, Semark, Andrew J, Pearson, David C, Stroebel, Andrie, Provenzano, Sylvio, McKeague, Ronan, and Winearls, James R

Published
2020

72. PROTACs: Emerging Targeted Protein Degradation Approaches for Advanced Druggable Strategies

Author

Nuwayo Ishimwe Sincere, Krishnan Anand, Sumel Ashique, Jing Yang, and Chongge You

Subjects
PROTACs, proteolysis, emerging medicine, degradation, druggable technologies, Organic chemistry, QD241-441
Abstract

A potential therapeutic strategy to treat conditions brought on by the aberrant production of a disease-causing protein is emerging for targeted protein breakdown using the PROTACs technology. Few medications now in use are tiny, component-based and utilize occupancy-driven pharmacology (MOA), which inhibits protein function for a short period of time to temporarily alter it. By utilizing an event-driven MOA, the proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) technology introduces a revolutionary tactic. Small-molecule-based heterobifunctional PROTACs hijack the ubiquitin–proteasome system to trigger the degradation of the target protein. The main challenge PROTAC’s development facing now is to find potent, tissue- and cell-specific PROTAC compounds with favorable drug-likeness and standard safety measures. The ways to increase the efficacy and selectivity of PROTACs are the main focus of this review. In this review, we have highlighted the most important discoveries related to the degradation of proteins by PROTACs, new targeted approaches to boost proteolysis’ effectiveness and development, and promising future directions in medicine.

Published
2023
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73. Radiolabelled Extracellular Vesicles as Imaging Modalities for Precise Targeted Drug Delivery

Author

Sumel Ashique and Krishnan Anand

Subjects
radiolabelled, extracellular vesicles, imaging, drug delivery, biomedical applications, Pharmacy and materia medica, RS1-441
Abstract

Extracellular vesicles (ECVs) have been abandoned as bio-inspired drug delivery systems (DDS) in the biomedical field. ECVs have a natural ability to cross over extracellular and intracellular barriers, making them superior to manufactured nanoparticles. Additionally, they have the ability to move beneficial biomolecules among far-flung bodily cells. These advantages and the accomplishment of favorable in vivo results convincingly show the value of ECVs in medication delivery. The usage of ECVs is constantly being improved, as it might be difficult to develop a consistent biochemical strategy that is in line with their useful clinical therapeutic uses. Extracellular vesicles (ECVs) have the potential to enhance the therapy of diseases. Imaging technologies, particularly radiolabelled imaging, have been exploited for non-invasive tracking to better understand their in vivo activity.

Published
2023
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74. Manipulation of the Myc Interactome to Enhance Nerve Regeneration in a Murine Model.

Author

Poitras, Trevor M., Komirishetty, Prashanth, Areti, Aparna, Larouche, Matt, Krishnan, Anand, Chandrasekhar, Ambika, Munchrath, Easton, and Zochodne, Douglas W.

Subjects
NERVOUS system regeneration, SENSORY neurons, MYC proteins, SCHWANN cells, NEURONS
Abstract

Objective: This study was undertaken to explore manipulation of the Myc protein interactome, members of an oncogene group, in enhancing the intrinsic growth of injured peripheral adult postmitotic neurons and the nerves they supply. New approaches to enhance adult neuron growth properties are a key strategy in improving nerve regeneration. Methods: Expression and impact of Myc interactome members c‐Myc, N‐Myc, Mad1, and Max were evaluated within naive and "preconditioned" adult sensory neurons and Schwann cells (SCs), using siRNA and transfection of CRISPR/Cas9 or luciferase reporter in vitro. Morphological, behavioral, and electrophysiological indices of nerve regeneration were analyzed in vivo. Results: c‐Myc, N‐Myc, Max, and Mad were expressed in adult sensory neurons and in partnering SCs. In vitro knockdown (KD) of either Mad1 or Max, competitive inhibitors of Myc, unleashed heightened neurite outgrowth in both naive uninjured or preconditioned adult neurons. In contrast, KD or inhibition of both isoforms of Myc was required to suppress growth. In SCs, Mad1 KD not only enhanced migratory behavior but also conditioned increased outgrowth in separately cultured adult sensory neurons. In vivo, local Mad1 KD improved electrophysiological, behavioral, and structural indices of nerve regeneration out to 60 days of follow‐up. Interpretation: Members of the Myc interactome, specifically Mad1, are novel targets for improving nerve regeneration. Unleashing of Myc growth signaling through Mad1 KD enhances the regrowth of both peripheral neurons and SCs to facilitate better regrowth of nerves. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:216–230 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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75. Induction of Caspase-Mediated Apoptosis in HepG2 Liver Carcinoma Cells Using Mutagen–Antioxidant Conjugated Self-Assembled Novel Carbazole Nanoparticles and In Silico Modeling Studies

Author

Krishnan Anand, Naeem Sheik Abdul, Terisha Ghazi, Muthusamy Ramesh, Gaurav Gupta, Murtaza M. Tambuwala, Harish Dureja, Sachin Kumar Singh, Dinesh Kumar Chellappan, Kamal Dua, Boomi Pandi, Muthupandian Saravanan, and Anil Amichund Chuturgoon

Subjects
Chemistry, QD1-999
Published
2020
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76. Global burden of respiratory infections associated with seasonal influenza in children under 5 years in 2018: a systematic review and modelling study

Author

Nair, Harish, Campbell, Harry, Wang, Xin, Li, You, Chung, Alexandria, Rahi, Manveer, Abbas, Qalab, Ali, Asad, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Saeed, Bushra, Soofi, Sajid B, Yousafzai, Mohammad Tahir, Zaidi, Anita K, Amu, Alberta, Awini, Elizabeth, Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo, Baggett, Henry C, Chaves, Sandra S, Shang, Nong, Schrag, Stephanie J, Widdowson, Marc-Alain, Tempia, Stefano, Bassat, Quique, Lanaspa, Miguel, Acácio, Sozinho, Brooks, W Abdullah, Driscoll, Amanda, Knoll, Maria Deloria, O'Brien, Katherine L, Prosperi, Christine, Baqui, Abdullah H, Mullany, Luke, Byass, Peter, Cohen, Cheryl, von Gottberg, Anne, Hellferscee, Orienka, Treurnicht, Florette K, Walaza, Sibongile, Goswami, Doli, Rahman, Mustafizur, Connor, Nicholas E, El Arifeen, Shams, Echavarria, Marcela, Marcone, Débora N, Reyes, Noelia, Gutierrez, Andrea, Rodriguez, Ivan, Lopez, Olga, Ortiz, David, Gonzalez, Nathaly, Gentile, Angela, del Valle Juarez, Maria, Gordon, Aubree, Cutland, Clare, Groome, Michelle, Madhi, Shabir A, Nunes, Marta C, Nzenze, Susan, Heikkinen, Terho, Hirve, Siddhivinayak, Juvekar, Sanjay, Halasa, Natasha, Jara, Jorge H, Bernart, Chris, Katz, Mark A, Gofer, Ilan, Avni, Yonat Shemer, Khuri-Bulos, Najwa, Faori, Samir, Shehabi, Asem, Krishnan, Anand, Kumar, Rakesh, Amarchand, Ritvik, Contreras, Carmen L, de Leon, Oscar, Lopez, Maria R, McCracken, John P, Maldonado, Herberth, Samayoa, Antonio P, Gomez, Ana B, Lucero, Marilla G, Nillos, Leilani T, Lupisan, Socorro P, Nohynek, Hanna, Mira-Iglesias, Ainara, Puig-Barberà, Joan, Díez-Domingo, Javier, Gessner, Bradford D, Njanpop-Lafourcade, Berthe-Marie, Moïsi, Jennifer C, Tall, Haoua, Munywoki, Patrick K, Ngama, Mwanjuma, Nokes, D James, Omer, Saad B, Clark, Dayna R, Ourohiré, Millogo, Ali, Sié, Pascal, Zabré, Cheik, Bagagnan H, Caballero, Mauricio T, Libster, Romina, Polack, Fernando P, Rasmussen, Zeba A, Thomas, Elizabeth D, Baker, Julia M, Rath, Barbara A, Obermeier, Patrick E, Hassanuzzaman, MD., Islam, Maksuda, Islam, Mohammad S, Saha, Samir K, Panigrahi, Pinaki, Bose, Anuradha, Isaac, Rita, Murdoch, David, Nanda, Pritish, Qazi, Shamim A, Hessong, Danielle, Simőes, Eric AF, Sotomayor, Viviana, Thamthitiwat, Somsak, Chittaganpitch, Malinee, Dawood, Halima, Kyobutungi, Catherine, Wamukoya, Marylene, Ziraba, Abdhalah K, Yoshida, Lay-Myint, Yoshihara, Keisuke, Dand, Duc-Anh, Le, Minh-Nhat, Nicol, Mark P, Zar, Heather J, Broor, Shobha, Chadha, Mandeep, Madrid, Lola, Gresh, Lionel, Balmaseda, Angel, Kuan, Guillermina, Wairagkar, Niteen, Tapia, Milagritos D, Knobler, Stacey L, Barahona, Alfredo, Ferguson, Ericka, Schweiger, Brunhilde, Abdullah Brooks, W, Fasce, Rodrigo A, and Simões, Eric AF

Published
2020
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77. Emerging Applications of Polymeric Nanoparticles in Tumor Targeting

Author

Harish Dureja, Minakshi Gupta Marwaha, Rajendra Awasthi, Rakesh Kumar Marwaha, Parteek Prasher, Monica Gulati, Sachin Kumar Singh, Krishnan Anand, Gaurav Gupta, Dinesh Kumar Chellappan, and Kamal Dua

Subjects
1007 Nanotechnology, Biomedical Engineering, Pharmaceutical Science, Medicine (miscellaneous), Bioengineering, Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Biotechnology
Abstract

Abstract: Nanoparticles are well-established carriers for targeted delivery of bioactive polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs). They have attracted significant attention from pharmaceutical scientists globally due to their wide range of applications in the medical field. The encapsulation of drugs into the nanoparticles offer several unique characteristics leading to prolonged circulation, improved drug localization, and thus enhanced drug efficacy. It also provides a better understanding of the molecular basis of the disease. Nanoparticles allow efficient maintenance of medication cycles at the target site, with less exposure to normal cells and thus decreasing the rehabilitation period. Despite extensive developments in the field of nanotechnology, specifically in drug delivery, only a few nanotechnology-based products are currently available in the market. Thus, further advanced exploration is necessary to make nanoparticles useful for the betterment of mankind. This review is focused on recent advancements in pharmaceutical nanotechnology with special emphasis on polymers used for the preparation of PNPs and their emerging applications in tumor-targeting. This manuscript also highlights on the recent patents disclosing PNPs for tumor targeting.

Published
2023

91. Current Perspectives in the Discovery of Newer Medications Against the Outbreak of COVID-19

Author

M. Ramesh, Krishnan Anand, Mohd Shahbaaz, and Magda H. Abdellattif

Subjects
coronavirus, ACE-2, spike protein, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

A rapid and increasing spread of COVID-19 pandemic disease has been perceived worldwide in 2020. The current COVID-19 disease outbreak is due to the spread of SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 is a new strain of coronavirus that has spike protein on the envelope. The spike protein of the virus binds with the ACE-2 receptor of the human lungs surface for entering into the host. Therefore, the blocking of viral entry into the host by targeting the spike protein has been suggested to be a valid strategy to treat COVID-19. The patients of COVID-19 were found to be asymptomatic, cold, mild to severe respiratory illness, and leading to death. The severe illness has been noted mainly in old age people, cardiovascular disease patients, and respiratory disease patients. However, the long-term health effects due to COVID-19 are not yet known. Recently, the vaccines were authorized to protect from COVID-19. However, the researchers have put an effort to discover suitable targets and newer medications in the form of small molecules or peptides, based on in-silico methods and synthetic approaches. This manuscript describes the current perspectives of the causative agent, diagnostic procedure, therapeutic targets, treatment, clinical trials, and development of potential clinical candidates of COVID-19. The study will be useful to identify the potential newer medications for the treatment of COVID-19.

Published
2021
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92. The changing patterns of cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors in the states of India: the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990–2016

Author

Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Sharma, Meenakshi, Roth, Gregory A, Johnson, Catherine, Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai, Gupta, Rajeev, Pandian, Jeyaraj D, Naik, Nitish, Roy, Ambuj, Dhaliwal, R S, Xavier, Denis, Kumar, Raman K, Tandon, Nikhil, Mathur, Prashant, Shukla, D K, Mehrotra, Ravi, Venugopal, K, Kumar, G Anil, Varghese, Chris M, Furtado, Melissa, Muraleedharan, Pallavi, Abdulkader, Rizwan S, Alam, Tahiya, Anjana, Ranjit M, Arora, Monika, Bhansali, Anil, Bhardwaj, Deeksha, Bhatia, Eesh, Chakma, Joy K, Chaturvedi, Pankaj, Dutta, Eliza, Glenn, Scott, Gupta, Prakash C, Johnson, Sarah C, Kaur, Tanvir, Kinra, Sanjay, Krishnan, Anand, Kutz, Michael, Mathur, Manu R, Mohan, Viswanathan, Mukhopadhyay, Satinath, Nguyen, Minh, Odell, Christopher M, Oommen, Anu M, Pati, Sanghamitra, Pletcher, Martin, Prasad, Kameshwar, Rao, Paturi V, Shekhar, Chander, Sinha, Dhirendra N, Sylaja, P N, Thakur, J S, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu R, Thomas, Nihal, Yadgir, Simon, Yajnik, Chittaranjan S, Zachariah, Geevar, Zipkin, Ben, Lim, Stephen S, Naghavi, Mohsen, Dandona, Rakhi, Vos, Theo, Murray, Christopher J L, Reddy, K Srinath, Swaminathan, Soumya, and Dandona, Lalit

Published
2018
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93. The increasing burden of diabetes and variations among the states of India: the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990–2016

Author

Tandon, Nikhil, Anjana, Ranjit M, Mohan, Viswanathan, Kaur, Tanvir, Afshin, Ashkan, Ong, Kanyin, Mukhopadhyay, Satinath, Thomas, Nihal, Bhatia, Eesh, Krishnan, Anand, Mathur, Prashant, Dhaliwal, R S, Shukla, D K, Bhansali, Anil, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Rao, Paturi V, Yajnik, Chittaranjan S, Kumar, G Anil, Varghese, Chris M, Furtado, Melissa, Agarwal, Sanjay K, Arora, Megha, Bhardwaj, Deeksha, Chakma, Joy K, Cornaby, Leslie, Dutta, Eliza, Glenn, Scott, Gopalakrishnan, N, Gupta, Rajeev, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Johnson, Sarah C, Khanna, Tripti, Kinra, Sanjay, Kutz, Michael, Muraleedharan, Pallavi, Naik, Nitish, Odell, Chrisopher M, Oommen, Anu M, Pandian, Jeyaraj D, Parameswaran, Sreejith, Pati, Sanghamitra, Prasad, Narayan, Raju, D Sreebhushan, Roy, Ambuj, Sharma, Meenakshi, Shekhar, Chander, Shukla, Sharvari R, Singh, Narinder P, Thakur, J S, Unnikrishnan, Ranjit, Varughese, Santosh, Xavier, Denis, Zachariah, Geevar, Lim, Stephen S, Naghavi, Mohsen, Dandona, Rakhi, Vos, Theo, Murray, Christopher J L, Reddy, K Srinath, Swaminathan, Soumya, and Dandona, Lalit

Published
2018
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94. Adverse outcomes in patients hospitalized with pneumonia at age 60 or more: A prospective multi-centric hospital-based study in India.

Author

Kanungo, Suman, Bhattacharjee, Uttaran, Prabhakaran, Aslesh O., Kumar, Rakesh, Rajkumar, Prabu, Bhardwaj, Sumit Dutt, Chakrabarti, Alok Kumar, Kumar C. P., Girish, Potdar, Varsha, Manna, Byomkesh, Amarchand, Ritvik, Choudekar, Avinash, Gopal, Giridara, Sarda, Krishna, Lafond, Kathryn E., Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo, Saha, Siddhartha, Dar, Lalit, and Krishnan, Anand

Subjects
RESPIRATORY syncytial virus infections, OLDER people, PROPORTIONAL hazards models, RESPIRATORY syncytial virus, PNEUMONIA, PNEUMOCOCCAL pneumonia
Abstract

Background: Limited data exists regarding risk factors for adverse outcomes in older adults hospitalized with Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) in low- and middle-income countries such as India. This multisite study aimed to assess outcomes and associated risk factors among adults aged ≥60 years hospitalized with pneumonia. Methods: Between December 2018 and March 2020, we enrolled ≥60-year-old adults admitted within 48 hours for CAP treatment across 16 public and private facilities in four sites. Clinical data and nasal/oropharyngeal specimens were collected by trained nurses and tested for influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and other respiratory viruses (ORV) using the qPCR. Participants were evaluated regularly until discharge, as well as on the 7th and 30th days post-discharge. Outcomes included ICU admission and in-hospital or 30-day post-discharge mortality. A hierarchical framework for multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard models identified risk factors (e.g., demographics, clinical features, etiologic agents) associated with critical care or death. Findings: Of 1,090 CAP patients, the median age was 69 years; 38.4% were female. Influenza viruses were detected in 12.3%, RSV in 2.2%, and ORV in 6.3% of participants. Critical care was required for 39.4%, with 9.9% in-hospital mortality and 5% 30-day post-discharge mortality. Only 41% of influenza CAP patients received antiviral treatment. Admission factors independently associated with ICU admission included respiratory rate >30/min, blood urea nitrogen>19mg/dl, altered sensorium, anemia, oxygen saturation <90%, prior cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases, and private hospital admission. Diabetes, anemia, low oxygen saturation at admission, ICU admission, and mechanical ventilation were associated with 30-day mortality. Conclusion: High ICU admission and 30-day mortality rates were observed among older adults with pneumonia, with a significant proportion linked to influenza and RSV infections. Comprehensive guidelines for CAP prevention and management in older adults are needed, especially with the co-circulation of SARS-CoV-2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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95. Common mental disorders among adolescents in an urban area of Delhi.

Author

Ahmad, Aftab, Salve, Harshal Ramesh, Nongkynrih, Baridalyne, Sagar, Rajesh, and Krishnan, Anand

Subjects
PSYCHIATRIC epidemiology, MENTAL illness risk factors, RISK assessment, CROSS-sectional method, HEALTH literacy, SOCIAL media, STRESS management, BEHAVIOR modification, SEX distribution, SMOKING, INTERVIEWING, LOGISTIC regression analysis, SOCIOECONOMIC status, ANXIETY, MULTIVARIATE analysis, ODDS ratio, PSYCHOLOGICAL stress, METROPOLITAN areas, RESEARCH methodology, HEALTH behavior, CONFIDENCE intervals, MENTAL depression, SOCIAL classes, ADOLESCENCE
Abstract

Background: Common mental disorders (CMDs) among adolescents may hamper their psycho-social development. Aim: This study evaluated the prevalence and determinants of CMD like depression and anxiety among late adolescents of an age of 15-19 years residing in an urban resettlement colony of southeast Delhi. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out among 556 randomly selected adolescents. CMD was assessed using Mini International Neuropsychiatry Interview -- Kid version 6 (MINI-Kid) based on DSM-IV TR and compliant with ICD-10 definitions of CMD. The associated risk factors were studied using a self-developed semi-structured interview schedule and analyzed using multi-variable logistic regression. Results: A total of 491 adolescents were interviewed (a response rate of 88.3%), of whom 247 (50.3%) were female and 210 (42.8%) belonged to a lower-middle socio-economic status. The lifetime prevalence of CMD was 34% [95% confidence interval (CI): 29.8-38.2]. Of the total, 22.4% (95% CI: 18.7-6.1) of the participants reported depression and 6.7% (95% CI: 4.5-8.9) reported generalized anxiety disorder during their lifetime. Female sex [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.1, 95% CI: 1.4-2.2], experiencing a stressful event in the past 6 months (aOR 4.7, 95% CI: 3.1-7.3), and smoking tobacco (aOR 2.0, 95% CI: 1.2-7.4) significantly increased the odds of having CMD in multi-variate analysis. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of CMD among adolescents residing in urban resettlement colonies of Delhi, which is composed mostly of people belonging to lower socio-economic strata. Hence, tailored intervention at stress management with promotion of healthy lifestyle is needed for this age group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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