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Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type II (MPGN II) is a rarely encountered disease that leads to accumulation of "dense deposits" in the kidneys and chorioretinal tissues. We present the ophthalmologic and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) findings of a 13-year-old boy with pathologically proven MPGN II followed up at the pediatric nephrology clinic. The patient did not have any ocular symptoms, fundus examination showed yellowish deposits and the SD-OCT demonstrated an influence on the retinal pigment epithelium - choriocapillary complex. As shown in this study, the evaluation of the findings on SD-OCT, which allows non-invasive visualization of the pathologies involving chorioretinal tissues, may be helpful in the diagnosis of the MPGN II. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To compare intraocular pressure (IOP) values measured using non-contact tonometer (NCT) and ocular blood flow (OBF)-pneumotonometer in eyes with varying central corneal thicknesses (CCT). Materials and Methods: 130 eyes of 65 cases were included in the study. CCT values were measured for each eye, and IOP values were then measured using NCT and OBF-pneumotonometer devices. IOP measurements obtained with both devices were compared statistically. Results: Mean CCT value of the eyes in the study was 524.08±33.95 μ (433-607). Mean IOP values measured using NCT and OBFpneumotonometer were 15.57±3.25 (9.1-22.4) and 17.77±3.73 (9-23.9) mmHg, respectively. Although the differences in IOP measurements between the devices were statistically significant (p<0.001), the two devices exhibited a high degree of correlation with one another (r=0.8, p<0.001) and at Bland-Altman analysis the differences in IOP values were generally within±2SD. In addition, IOP values measured using both devices were affected by CCT values (r=0.385, p<0.001; r=0.435, p<0.001, respectively). For each 10-micron increase in CCT values, an increase of 0.37 mmHg for IOP values measured using NCT and a 0.48 mmHg increase for IOP values measured using OBF-pneumotonometer were observed. Conclusion: Results from NCT and OBF-pneumotonometer are proportional to one another. The OBF-pneumotonometer generally produces higher IOP values than NCT. However, this variation is not affected by CCT values. Interchangeable use of the two devices is not recommended in clinical practice. It is important that CCT values be borne in mind in assessing IOP values measured using the two devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we present the clinical findings of a 26-year old male patient admitting to ophthalmology outpatient department with the complaint of decreased vision and was diagnosed as acute posterior multifocal placoid pigmentous epitheliopathy (APMPPE) after a detailed ophthalmological examination. At the time of first admission, visual acuity was 0.8 on the right and 1.0 on the left. His biomicroscopical anterior segment findings were within normal limits. In his fundoscopic examination, there were pigmentary changes of the retina on the right due to his previous episodes. Fundoscopic findings of the left eye were within normal limits. During the seven year follow-up period, in the region corresponding to the retinal pigment epithelium- choriocapillaris layer, focal grayish-white placoid type new lesions due to APMPPE episodes developed three times on the left eye and once on the right. The patient was given prednisolone at a dose of 1mg/kg during his attacks. Each episode resolved approximately within three weeks by leaving characteristic pigmentary changes in the retina. Fluorescein angiography examination performed during the inactive phase of the patient demonstrated staining pattern correlating with APMPPE. Abnormal retinal pigment epitelium-choriocapillaris junction was observed in optical coherence tomography. The patient did not develop a new episode during last 24-month follow-up, his visual acuity was preserved as 0.6 on the right and 1.0 on the left. As has been observed in this case, APMPPE can exhibit clinical features like unilateral frequent recurrences. Increases in the number of recurrences and involvement of fovea adversely affect the visual prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clinical findings of a 12-year-old girl admitted to our clinic with the complaints of decreased vision and redness in both eyes that had started a day before were evaluated. The patient had been on topiramate treatment during the previous week due to headaches. Corrected visual acuities at the time of admission were 0.1 on the right and 0.2 on the left. Refractive indices were -9.00D on the right and -8.00D on the left. The biomicroscopic examination showed conjunctival hyperemia in both eyes, narrowing of the anterior chamber, and closure of the iridocorneal angle. Intraocular pressure was 28 mmHg on the right and 27 mmHg on the left. In the ultrasonographic biomicroscopy examination (UBM), accompanying supraciliary choroideal effusion there was narrowing of the anterior chamber due to anterior displacement of the iris-lens diaphragm, closure of the iridocorneal angle, choroid detachment, and increased thickness of the ciliary body. The topiramate treatment was stopped. The patient was administered antiglaucomatous drugs, oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, and non-steroid anti-inflammatory treatment. On the third day of the treatment, there was improvement in all ocular symptoms and findings, and the treatment was stopped. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To report the results of phacoemulsification surgeries performed in our clinic. Materials and Methods: Data regarding to 1200 eyes of 1 100 patients underwent to phacoemulsification between January 2002 to December 2007 were retrospectively evaluated. Obtained parameters included age, gender and clinical features of patients, intraoperative and postoperative complications. Results: The mean age of the study group [592 (54%) female and 508 (46%) male patients] was 68.34 ± 3.8 years. Among to the study group, cases with diabetes mellitus (n = 249) and cases with pseudoexfoliation (n=101) showed a significantly higher intraoperative complication rates. In cases with previous uveitic history (n = 42), the complication rate was not significantly different. The occurrence rate of postoperative complication in the first postoperative day and first postoperative month was 383 (32%) and 34 (2.8%), respectively. The most common postoperative complications were cornea l edema in the first day and intraocular pressure elevation in the first month. While the visual acuity of 0.5 or higher was in 249 (20.8%) cases preoperatively, this level was obtained in 798 (66.7%) cases at postoperative first month. Foldable intraocular lens implantation was performed in 90.7% of the cases. Conclusion: In this study, the success rate of phacoemulsification was found as high and reliable as reported in the literature. The phacoemulsification related complications were especially higher in cases with associate diabetes and pseudoexfoliation [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To compare the number of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections performed during 2020 with that in the same period in 2019., Methods: The study investigated anti-VEGF injections performed in 2019 and 2020. Injections performed on 923 eyes of 858 patients were evaluated. The patients were treated for diabetic macular edema (DME), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and retinal vein occlusion (RVO). Injections, new cases, and patients who either completed or did not complete three loading doses in 2019 and 2020 were first compared. The same comparisons were then performed between the pandemic period in 2020 and the same period in 2019., Results: While 2070 injections were performed on 670 eyes in 2019, 1478 injections were applied to 253 eyes in 2020 (p=0.001). The number of naive eyes was 163 in 2019 and 83 in 2020. During the pandemic period in 2020, 967 injections were performed on 181 eyes, compared with 1721 injections on 532 eyes in the same period in 2019 (p=0.001). While 86.5% of patients completed three injections in 2020, the rate was 78.9% for the same period in 2019 (p=0.025)., Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic caused a significant decrease in the number of patients presenting to the hospital, and delays occurred in treatment protocols. However, patients admitted to the hospital during this period adapted better to the loading doses. In conclusion, the pandemic caused significant disruption to treatment, and this will inevitably result in anatomical and functional worsening in the eye., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: None declared., (Copyright: © 2022 by Beyoglu Eye Training and Research Hospital.)

Background: Laser photocoagulation (LPC) is a surgical procedure used in the treatment of premature retinopathy that may cause retinal detachment and blindness if not diagnosed and treated early. The anesthesia method used in LPC varies from sedoanalgesia to general anesthesia and airway management varies from spontaneous ventilation to endotracheal intubation. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of sedoanalgesia applications and this anesthesia procedure concerning intraoperative and postoperative complications by avoiding intubation and mechanical ventilation in premature infants with a fragile population., Methods: This retrospective study included 89 patients who underwent laser photocoagulation under anesthesia for premature retinopathy. Patients' demographic characteristics, preoperative risk factors, anesthesia technique, especially airway management, changes in ventilation status during surgery, intraoperative complications, postoperative complications, and intensive care follow-up, were recorded and analyzed statistically., Results: Two of the 89 patients who underwent laser photocoagulation were excluded from this study because they were followed up intubated. The number of patients who received mask ventilation due to intraoperative complications was 12 (13.8%). The mean operation time was 36.2±10.1 minutes. In 86.2% (n=75) of the patients, the surgical procedure was completed with sedoanalgesia while maintaining spontaneous ventilation., Conclusion: Sedoanalgesia application during the surgical intervention of patients with Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) requiring early diagnosis and emergency treatment will minimize intraoperative and postoperative complications. We believe that sedoanalgesia as an anesthetic method can be applied as an effective alternative method while preserving spontaneous ventilation.

Susac syndrome is a rare occlusive vasculopathy affecting the retina, inner ear and brain. The cause is unknown, although it generally affects young women. This syndrome can be difficult to diagnose because its signs can only be revealed by detailed examination. These signs are not always concomitant, but may appear at different times. This report describes a pediatric case who was diagnosed with Susac syndrome when retinal lesions were identified in the inactive period with the help of optical coherence tomography (OCT). The purpose of this case report is to emphasize the importance of OCT in clarifying undefined retinal changes in Susac syndrome., Competing Interests: No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Financial Disclosure: The authors declared that this study received no financial support.

Aim: To compare the effectiveness of brimonidine/timolol fixed combination (BTFC) and dorzolamide/timolol fixed combination (DTFC) in the management of short-term intraocular pressure (IOP) increase after phacoemulsification surgery., Methods: Eighty eyes of 80 patients undergoing phacoemulsification and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation were randomly assigned into three groups. Group 1 consisted of 28 eyes and represented the control group. Group 2 consisted of 25 eyes undergoing phacoemulsification surgery and BTFC was instilled at the end of surgery. Group 3 consisted of 27 eyes undergoing phacoemulsification surgery and DTFC was instilled at the end of surgery. IOP was measured preoperatively and 6, 24h and 1wk postoperatively., Results: There was no statistically significant difference in preoperative baseline IOP among the three groups (P=0.84). However, IOP was significantly lower in groups 2 and 3 compared to the control group (P<0.05 for all comparisons) at all postoperative visits. There was no significant difference between groups 2 and 3 at any visit. Eight eyes (28.6%) in the control group, two (8%) in Group 2 and one (3.7%) in Group 3 had IOP >25 mm Hg at 6h after surgery (P=0.008). However, IOP decreased and was >25 mm Hg in only one eye in each group at 24h after surgery., Conclusion: BTFC and DTFC have similar effects in reducing increases in IOP after phacoemulsification surgery and can both be recommended for preventing IOP spikes after such surgery.

Aim: To evaluate the possible effects of phacoemulsification cataract surgery on ocular hemodynamics., Methods: In this prospective study, intraocular pressure (IOP), pulsatile ocular blood flow (POBF), and ocular pulse amplitude (OPA) were measured pre-operatively (baseline) and at 1 week and 3 weeks postoperation in 52 eyes of 26 patients (mean age 63.15±10.25 years) scheduled for unilateral phacoemulsification cataract surgery with intraocular lens implantation. In all of the eyes, a blood flow analyzer (Paradigm DICON; Paradigm Medical Industries Inc.; USA) was used to obtain measurements of IOP, POBF, and OPA. The data obtained from operated eyes were compared statistically to untreated fellow phakic eyes of the patients., Results: For operated eyes, the mean baseline IOP, POBF, and OPA values were 15.9±4.64mmHg, 17.41±4.84µL/s, and 2.91±1.12mmHg, respectively. The IOP, POBF, and OPA values were 17.19±4.34mmHg, 17.56±6.46µL/s, and 3.12±1.1mmHg, respectively, in the nonoperated control eyes. Statistically significant differences from baseline measurements were not observed 1 week and 3 weeks postoperation for the operated or nonoperated eyes. There were also no statistically significant differences in any measurements between the operated and nonoperated eyes in all the examination periods (P>0.05 for all)., Conclusion: Uncomplicated phacoemulsification surgery does not affect ocular hemodynamics in normotensive eyes with cataracts.

An 3-month-old female infant was admitted to the authors' clinic because of abnormal gaze position. On examination, the eyes were in the down gaze position. The left eye had a partial iris and lens coloboma. On funduscopic examination, the optic nerve and retinal vessels could not be detected. Optic nerve and optic chiasm were not observed on magnetic resonance imaging., (Copyright 2009, SLACK Incorporated.)