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Fusarium head blight (FHB), incited by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe [teleomorph Gibberella zea (Schwein)], reduces quality of harvested barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) because of blighted kernels and the presence of deoxynivalenol (DON), a mycotoxin produced by the pathogen. CIho 4196, a two-rowed type, is one of the most resistant accessions known in barley; however, it possesses many undesirable agronomic traits. To better understand the genetics of reduced FHB severity and DON accumulation conferred by CIho 4196, a genetic map was generated using a population of recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between Foster (a six-rowed malting cultivar) and CIho 4196. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analyses were performed using data obtained from 10 field environments. The possible associations of resistance QTLs and various agronomic and morphological traits in barley also were investigated. The centromeric region of chromosome 2H flanked by the markers ABG461C and MWG882A (bins 6-10) likely (P < 0.001) contains two QTLs contributing to lower FHB severity and plant height, and one QTL each for DON accumulation, days to heading, and rachis node number. The QTL for low FHB severity in the bin 8 region explained from 3 to 9% of the variation, while the QTL in the bin 10 region explained from 17 to 60% of the variation. A QTL for DON accumulation that explained 9 to 14% of the variation was found in the bin 2 region of chromosome 4H. This may represent a new QTL not present in other FHB resistant sources. Resistance QTLs in the bin 8 region and bin 10 region of chromosome 2HL were provisionally designated Qrgz-2H-8 and Qrgz-2H-10, respectively. The QTL for DON accumulation in chromosome 4H was provisionally named QDON-4H-2., FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT adversely affected the quality of barley grown in North Dakota and northwestern Minnesota in 11 of the last 12 yr. The quality and value of harvested grain [...]

The aeronautical sciences and aerospace industry are by nature international. Coming from this thesis, we decided in 1994 to organise an international meeting, further called the Seminar, devoted to “RECENT RESEARCH AND DESIGN PROGRESS IN AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING AND ITS INFLUENCE ON EDUCATION”. The objective of that first Seminar and following ones was to organise a multinational forum for discussion and interchange of aeronautical issues and subjects, focusing on their influence on university education. Other goals included promoting international co-operation in the study of the problems in aeronautical science and technology in which there was a common interest and facilitating personal contacts between scientists, university lecturers, and industrial engineers. Our area of interest was aeronautical technology, as it is widely understood. The special focus of our Seminars was concentrated on Aircraft Design, Aircraft Oriented Aerodynamics, Flight Dynamics, Helicopter Dynamics, Computational Fluid Dynamics, Materials and Structures, Control and Flight Tests. All these topics and their influence on the teaching process at a technical university were considered — what we believe is a specific feature of our Seminars. We notice a mutual influence between contemporary research and education; it is impossible to deliver a modern university lecture without conducting one’s own serious research or design, and it is almost impossible to become a serious, successful researcher or designer without being a graduate of a good, contemporary university. The other specific feature of our Seminars is a student session. An international jury of professors and deans from aerospace faculties all over the world observes the sessions and awarded the best student papers diplomas (sometimes with small prizes contributed by different institutions). We believe that the student sessions promote personal contacts between students and foreign lecturers and encourage students to work harder in the future. For all of us, it is the promise of a new generation of engineers, designers and scientists. First published online: 14 Oct 2010

The isolation, characterization and mapping of two barley multiovary mutants, mo6b and mo7a, are described.

A model of fatigue damage accumulation in laminate with two reasons for fatigue failure (the distortion of rigid items and the excessive yielding of the plastic part of the composite (matrix)) is offered. The model is based on the use of the Markov chains theory. It is shown how the corresponding transition probability matrix can be filled and how to calculate the mean time to failure, the variance of this time, and the probability distribution function. This model can be used as a nonlinear regression model for fatigue curve approximation and for fatigue damage accumulation description in program fatigue test. Processing of experimental data (fatigue test of carbon‐fiber reinforced laminate for fatigue curve building and for residual fatigue‐life investigation in program test with two levels of stress) shows that the model can be used for satisfactory description of the results of these tests. The specific feature of the model considered in this paper is the use of binomial distribution of failure of rigid items and the number of acts of yielding in the plastic part of the laminate. First Published Online: 14 Oct 2010

Forty-three landrace (LR) barley (Hordeum vulgare) populations from a wide agro-ecological range in Ethiopia were assayed for RFLPs with 31 probes distributed over all barley chromosomes. Diversity between LRs was analyzed by Nei's genetic similarity (F) and genetic distance (d) parameters. The 43 populations were represented either by one single line (Set 1) or by four to rive lines in a subset of 14 populations (Set 2). The greatest diversity between LRs was observed in Set 1. However, many populations appeared rather similar in RFLP patterns. Relationships between LRs were sharply altered by including the within LR-diversity component (Set 2), and the average level of between-LR differentiation was reduced compared with Set 1. The within-LR diversity was similar in magnitude to that for geographical regions. Levels of within-LR RFLP diversity were poorly correlated with morphological and isozyme variations in the same LR or region. The results highlight the critical role of a sampling strategy that includes both within and between LR components, which is important both to large scale and core collections., MEASUREMENT and characterization of genetic variation in germplasm are of great concern for genetic resources conservation and utilization. Over the years, the methods for detecting and assessing genetic diversity have [...]