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9,641 results on '"Kim HA"'

52. Testing the Impact of a Skill-Targeted Social and Emotional Learning Curriculum and Its Variation by Pre- and Postmigration Conflict Experiences: A Cluster Randomized Trial with Syrian Refugee Children in Lebanon

Author

Kim, Ha Yeon, Brown, Lindsay, Tubbs Dolan, Carly, Gjicali, Kalina, Deitz, Rena, Prieto Bayona, Maria del Sol, and Aber, J. Lawrence

Abstract

Social and emotional learning (SEL) programs are increasingly embraced by the global humanitarian sector as a potential strategy for supporting refugee children's psychosocial adaptation and learning. However, little evidence is available on the effectiveness of such SEL programs in humanitarian settings. Even less is known about whether such SEL programs can be equally effective, more beneficial, or even harmful, for children who were exposed to higher levels of conflict, in the context of war and/or postmigration settings. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a universal, multicomponent, skill-targeted SEL curriculum embedded in nonformal remedial education programming, the Five-Component SEL (5CSEL), for improving 20 proximal and distal outcomes. The large-scale cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted in 57 community sites (170 classrooms) in Lebanon with 4,289 Syrian refugee children (M[subscript age] = 9.16, SD = 2.34; 50% female). It examined both the impact of 5CSEL and the impact variation by children's level of exposure to war violence, family conflict, and school victimization. The findings do not provide conclusive evidence of the effectiveness of 5CSEL. However, we find promising signs of impacts in a number of the outcomes (effect sizes = 0.06-0.18 SD), suggesting the malleability of refugee children's SEL skills across multiple domains when given sufficient, targeted, and comprehensive support. Finally, we find little evidence of variation in impact by the level of exposure to conflict experiences, supporting the arguments for the benefits of universal SEL programming. These results provide promising directions for practitioner communities to invest in further development and revision of the SEL program contents and strategies.

Published
2023
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53. CSF1R-Mediated Myeloid Cell Depletion Prolongs Lifespan But Aggravates Distinct Motor Symptoms in a Model of Multiple System Atrophy

Author

Battis, Kristina, Florio, Jazmin B, Mante, Michael, Lana, Addison, Naumann, Isabel, Gauer, Carina, Lambrecht, Vera, Müller, Simon Julian, Cobo, Isidoro, Fixsen, Bethany, Kim, Ha Yeon, Masliah, Eliezer, Glass, Christopher K, Schlachetzki, Johannes CM, Rissman, Robert A, Winkler, Jürgen, and Hoffmann, Alana

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences, Acquired Cognitive Impairment, Brain Disorders, Neurodegenerative, Rare Diseases, Genetics, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Neurological, Animals, Mice, Multiple System Atrophy, Longevity, Organic Chemicals, Microglia, Receptors, Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor, Disease Models, Animal, Myeloid Cells, Receptors, Colony-Stimulating Factor, colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor, motor function, multiple system atrophy, myeloid cells, neuron-micro-glia interaction, PLX5622, neuron–microglia interaction, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Neurology & Neurosurgery
Abstract

As the CNS-resident macrophages and member of the myeloid lineage, microglia fulfill manifold functions important for brain development and homeostasis. In the context of neurodegenerative diseases, they have been implicated in degenerative and regenerative processes. The discovery of distinct activation patterns, including increased phagocytosis, indicated a damaging role of myeloid cells in multiple system atrophy (MSA), a devastating, rapidly progressing atypical parkinsonian disorder. Here, we analyzed the gene expression profile of microglia in a mouse model of MSA (MBP29-hα-syn) and identified a disease-associated expression profile and upregulation of the colony-stimulating factor 1 (Csf1). Thus, we hypothesized that CSF1 receptor-mediated depletion of myeloid cells using PLX5622 modifies the disease progression and neuropathological phenotype in this mouse model. Intriguingly, sex-balanced analysis of myeloid cell depletion in MBP29-hα-syn mice revealed a two-faced outcome comprising an improved survival rate accompanied by a delayed onset of neurological symptoms in contrast to severely impaired motor functions. Furthermore, PLX5622 reversed gene expression profiles related to myeloid cell activation but reduced gene expression associated with transsynaptic signaling and signal release. While transcriptional changes were accompanied by a reduction of dopaminergic neurons in the SNpc, striatal neuritic density was increased upon myeloid cell depletion in MBP29-hα-syn mice. Together, our findings provide insight into the complex, two-faced role of myeloid cells in the context of MSA emphasizing the importance to carefully balance the beneficial and adverse effects of CSF1R inhibition in different models of neurodegenerative disorders before its clinical translation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Myeloid cells have been implicated as detrimental in the disease pathogenesis of multiple system atrophy. However, long-term CSF1R-dependent depletion of these cells in a mouse model of multiple system atrophy demonstrates a two-faced effect involving an improved survival associated with a delayed onset of disease and reduced inflammation which was contrasted by severely impaired motor functions, synaptic signaling, and neuronal circuitries. Thus, this study unraveled a complex role of myeloid cells in multiple system atrophy, which indicates important functions beyond the previously described disease-associated, destructive phenotype and emphasized the need of further investigation to carefully and individually fine-tune immunologic processes in different neurodegenerative diseases.

Published
2022

76. Predictable Variation in the Implementation of a Curricular Intervention--and Why It Matters

Author

Hsin, Lisa B., Miratrix, Luke, Kim, Ha Yeon, LaRusso, Maria D., and Snow, Catherine E.

Abstract

Understanding the factors associated with variation in the implementation of educational programs has emerged as a key research focus, in an effort to identify how promising programs can be scaled up across their targeted contexts. The current study explored demographic-related variation in program dosage using a novel source of implementation data from the treatment group in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of Word Generation, a curriculum designed to support deep reading comprehension and academic language. Both student- and teacher/classroom-level predictors were associated with variation in the proportion of curricular activities students completed. We also evaluated how variation in treatment-group program dosage distinctively predicted growth on the RCT's key outcome measures of taught vocabulary words, academic language, and deep reading comprehension. We conclude that design and evaluation of future RCTs would benefit from procedures to predict implementation variation and its consequences prior to randomization.

Published
2023
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77. Remedial Programming and Skill-Targeted SEL in Low-Income and Crisis-Affected Contexts: Experimental Evidence from Niger

Author

Brown, Lindsay E., Kim, Ha Yeon, Tubbs Dolan, Carly, Brown, Autumn, Sklar, Jennifer, and Aber, J. Lawrence

Abstract

Despite substantial cross-national interest in remedial programming as a way to support low-achieving students, evidence of its effectiveness is rare, particularly in low-income and/or crisis-affected contexts. In this article, we present experimental evidence of the impact of a remedial tutoring program on academic outcomes from a two-level randomized trial of two treatments in Niger: school randomization testing the impact of skill-targeted SEL activities and within-school student-level randomization testing the impact of access to remedial tutoring. We find that tutoring for 4 h per week improves students' literacy and Math outcomes, and the addition of skill-targeted SEL activities positively impacts school grades above and beyond access to tutoring alone. These findings suggest the potential value of remedial tutoring to supplement formal schooling in low-income and/or conflict-affected contexts. They also suggest increased attention to implementation strategies, as access alone was insufficient for students to attain grade-level competencies.

Published
2023
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