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58. Polypharmacy, hospitalization, and mortality risk: a nationwide cohort study.

Author

Chang, Tae Ik, Park, Haeyong, Kim, Dong Wook, Jeon, Eun Kyung, Rhee, Connie M, Kalantar-Zadeh, Kamyar, Kang, Ea Wha, Kang, Shin-Wook, and Han, Seung Hyeok

Abstract

Polypharmacy is a growing and major public health issue, particularly in the geriatric population. This study aimed to examine the association between polypharmacy and the risk of hospitalization and mortality. We included 3,007,620 elderly individuals aged ≥ 65 years who had at least one routinely-prescribed medication but had no prior hospitalization within a year. The primary exposures of interest were number of daily prescribed medications (1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8, 9-10, and ≥ 11) and presence of polypharmacy (≥ 5 prescription drugs per day). The corresponding comparators were the lowest number of medications (1-2) and absence of polypharmacy. The study outcomes were hospitalization and all-cause death. The median age of participants was 72 years and 39.5% were men. Approximately, 46.6% of participants experienced polypharmacy. Over a median follow-up of 5.0 years, 2,028,062 (67.4%) hospitalizations and 459,076 (15.3%) all-cause deaths were observed. An incrementally higher number of daily prescribed medications was found to be associated with increasingly higher risk for hospitalization and mortality. These associations were consistent across subgroups of age, sex, residential area, and comorbidities. Furthermore, polypharmacy was associated with greater risk of hospitalization and death: adjusted HRs (95% CIs) were 1.18 (1.18-1.19) and 1.25 (1.24-1.25) in the overall and 1.16 (1.16-1.17) and 1.25 (1.24-1.25) in the matched cohorts, respectively. Hence, polypharmacy was associated with a higher risk of hospitalization and all-cause death among elderly individuals.

Published
2020

66. GRDN:Grouped Residual Dense Network for Real Image Denoising and GAN-based Real-world Noise Modeling

Author

Kim, Dong-Wook, Chung, Jae Ryun, and Jung, Seung-Won

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

Recent research on image denoising has progressed with the development of deep learning architectures, especially convolutional neural networks. However, real-world image denoising is still very challenging because it is not possible to obtain ideal pairs of ground-truth images and real-world noisy images. Owing to the recent release of benchmark datasets, the interest of the image denoising community is now moving toward the real-world denoising problem. In this paper, we propose a grouped residual dense network (GRDN), which is an extended and generalized architecture of the state-of-the-art residual dense network (RDN). The core part of RDN is defined as grouped residual dense block (GRDB) and used as a building module of GRDN. We experimentally show that the image denoising performance can be significantly improved by cascading GRDBs. In addition to the network architecture design, we also develop a new generative adversarial network-based real-world noise modeling method. We demonstrate the superiority of the proposed methods by achieving the highest score in terms of both the peak signal-to-noise ratio and the structural similarity in the NTIRE2019 Real Image Denoising Challenge - Track 2:sRGB., Comment: To appear in CVPR 2019 workshop. The winners of the NTIRE2019 Challenge on Image Denoising Challenge: Track 2 sRGB

Published
2019

72. Enhancing Patient-Specific Quality Assurance in Carbon-Ion Radiation Therapy: A Novel Method for Recalculating Delivered Dose Distribution Using Log Data

Author

Yun, Yongdo, primary, Han, Min Cheol, additional, Kim, Changhwan, additional, Hong, Chae-Seon, additional, Kim, Dong Wook, additional, Lee, Ho, additional, Kim, Hojin, additional, Han, Soorim, additional, Souda, Hikaru, additional, Lee, Sung Hyun, additional, Miyasaka, Yuya, additional, Iwai, Takeo, additional, and Kim, Jin Sung, additional

Published
2024
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73. ASC4FIRST, a pivotal phase 3 study of asciminib (ASC) vs investigator-selected tyrosine kinase inhibitors (IS TKIs) in newly diagnosed patients (pts) with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML): Primary results.

Author

Hughes, Timothy P., primary, Hochhaus, Andreas, additional, Takahashi, Naoto, additional, Issa, Ghayas C., additional, Larson, Richard A., additional, Bombaci, Felice, additional, Wang, Jianxiang, additional, Kim, Dong-Wook, additional, Kim, Dennis Dong Hwan, additional, Mayer, Jiri, additional, Goh, Yeow Tee, additional, Le Coutre, Phillipp D., additional, Andorsky, David Jacob, additional, Kapoor, Shruti, additional, McCulloch, Tracey, additional, Malek, Kamel, additional, Yau, Lillian, additional, Ifrah, Sophie, additional, and Cortes, Jorge E., additional

Published
2024
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77. Critical assessment of missense variant effect predictors on disease-relevant variant data

Author

Rastogi, Ruchir, primary, Chung, Ryan, additional, Li, Sindy, additional, Li, Chang, additional, Lee, Kyoungyeul, additional, Woo, Junwoo, additional, Kim, Dong-Wook, additional, Keum, Changwon, additional, Babbi, Giulia, additional, Martelli, Pier Luigi, additional, Savojardo, Castrense, additional, Casadio, Rita, additional, Chennen, Kirsley, additional, Weber, Thomas, additional, Poch, Olivier, additional, Ancien, Francois, additional, Cia, Gabriel, additional, Pucci, Fabrizio, additional, Raimondi, Daniele, additional, Vranken, Wim, additional, Rooman, Marianne, additional, Marquet, Celine, additional, Olenyi, Tobias, additional, Rost, Burkhard, additional, Andreoletti, Gaia, additional, Kamandula, Akash, additional, Peng, Yisu, additional, Bakolitsa, Constantina, additional, Mort, Matthew, additional, Cooper, David N., additional, Bergquist, Timothy, additional, Pejaver, Vikas, additional, Liu, Xiaoming, additional, Radivojac, Predrag, additional, Brenner, Steven E., additional, and Ioannidis, Nilah M., additional

Published
2024
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84. Influence of Perfluorinated Ionomer in PEDOT:PSS on the Rectification and Degradation of Organic Photovoltaic Cells

Author

Howells, Calvyn T., Saylan, Sueda, Kim, Haeri, Marbou, Khalid, Aoyama, Tetsua, Nakao, Aiko, Uchiyama, Masanobu, Samuel, Ifor D. W., Kim, Dong-Wook, Dahlem, Marcus S., and André, Pascal

Subjects
Physics - Applied Physics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is widely used to build optoelectronic devices. However, as a hygroscopic water-based acidic material, it brings major concerns for stability and degradation, resulting in an intense effort to replace it in organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices. In this work, we focus on the perfluorinated ionomer (PFI) polymeric additive to PEDOT:PSS. We demonstrate that it can reduce the relative amplitude of OPV device burn-in, and find two distinct regimes of influence. At low concentrations there is a subtle effect on wetting and work function, for instance, with a detrimental impact on the device characteristics, and above a threshold it changes the electronic and device properties. The abrupt threshold in the conducting polymer occurs for PFI concentrations greater than or equal to the PSS concentration and was revealed by monitoring variations in transmission, topography, work-function, wettability and OPV device characteristics. Below this PFI concentration threshold, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of OPVs based on poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl):[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM) are impaired largely by low fill-factors due to poor charge extraction. Above the PFI concentration threshold, we recover the PCE before it is improved beyond the pristine PEDOT:PSS layer based OPV devices. Supplementary to the performance enhancement, PFI improves OPV device stability and lifetime. Our degradation study leads to the conclusion that PFI prevents water from diffusing to and from the hygrosopic PEDOT:PSS layer, which slows down the deterioration of the PEDOT:PSS layer and the aluminum electrode. These findings reveal mechanisms and opportunities that should be taken into consideration when developing components to inhibit OPV degradation., Comment: 14 pages, 9 figures, 1 table, Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2018

Published
2018
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85. Large-Scale Conformal Growth of Atomic-Thick MoS2 for Highly Efficient Photocurrent Generation

Author

Nguyen, Tri Khoa, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Le, Chinh Tam, Ullah, Farman, Koo, Kyo-in, Kim, Eunah, Kim, Dong-Wook, Jang, Joon I., and Kim, Yong Soo

Subjects
Physics - Applied Physics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Controlling the interconnection of neighboring seeds (nanoflakes) to full coverage of the textured substrate is the main challenge for the large-scale conformal growth of atomic-thick transition metal dichalcogenides by chemical vapor deposition. Herein, we report on a controllable method for the conformal growth of monolayer MoS2 on not only planar but also micro- and nano-rugged SiO2/Si substrates via metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. The continuity of monolayer MoS2 on the rugged surface is evidenced by scanning electron microscopy, cross-section high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, photoluminescence (PL) mapping, and Raman mapping. Interestingly, the photo-responsivity (~254.5 mA/W) of as-grown MoS2 on the nano-rugged substrate exhibits 59 times higher than that of the planar sample (4.3 mA/W) under a small applied bias of 0.1 V. This value is record high when compared with all previous MoS2-based photocurrent generation under low or zero bias. Such a large enhancement in the photo-responsivity arises from a large active area for light-matter interaction and local strain for PL quenching, where the latter effect is the key factor and unique in the conformally grown monolayer on the nano-rugged surface. The result is a step toward the batch fabrication of modern atomic-thick optoelectronic devices., Comment: 25 pages, 5 figures

Published
2018

92. Aspiration therapy for the treatment of obesity: 4-year results of a multicenter randomized controlled trial

Author

Thompson, Christopher C, Abu Dayyeh, Barham K, Kushnir, Vladimir, Kushner, Robert F, Jirapinyo, Pichamol, Schorr, Alan B, Aronne, Louis J, Amaro, Anastassia, Jaffe, David L, Schulman, Allison R, Early, Dayna, Stein, Adam C, Sharaiha, Reem, Edmundowicz, Steven A, Bohning, J Matthew, Jensen, Michael D, Shukla, Alpana P, Apovian, Caroline, Kim, Dong Wook, Tran, Daniel, Zarrinpar, Amir, Ryan, Michele B, Young, Meredith, Lowe, Abigail, Haas, Miki, Goldsmith, Heidi, McCrea, Jennifer, and Sullivan, Shelby

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Patient Safety, Digestive Diseases, Clinical Research, Nutrition, Prevention, Behavioral and Social Science, Obesity, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, Oral and gastrointestinal, Cancer, Metabolic and endocrine, Adult, Bariatric Surgery, Body Mass Index, Drainage, Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal, Gastrostomy, Humans, Middle Aged, Obesity, Morbid, Treatment Outcome, Weight Loss, Endoscopic bariatric therapy, Aspiration therapy, Metabolic, Diet, Public Health and Health Services, Surgery, Clinical sciences, Public health
Abstract

BackgroundThe AspireAssist is the first Food and Drug Administration-approved endoluminal device indicated for treatment of class II and III obesity.ObjectivesWe earlier reported 1-year results of the PATHWAY study. Here, we report 4-year outcomes.SettingUnited States-based, 10-center, randomized controlled trial involving 171 participants with the treatment arm receiving Aspiration Therapy (AT) plus Lifestyle Therapy and the control arm receiving Lifestyle Therapy (2:1 randomization).MethodsAT participants were permitted to continue in the study for an additional year up to a maximum of 5 years providing they maintained at least 10% total weight loss (TWL) from baseline at each year end. For AT participants who continued the study, 5 medical monitoring visits were provided at weeks 60, 68, 76, 90, and 104 and thereafter once every 13 weeks up to week 260. Exclusion criteria were a history of eating disorder or evidence of eating disorder on a validated questionnaire. Follow-up weight, quality of life, and co-morbidities were compared with the baseline levels. In addition, rates of serious adverse event, persistent fistula, withdrawal, and A-tube replacement were reported. All analyses were performed using a per-protocol analysis.ResultsOf the 82 AT participants who completed 1 year, 58 continued to this phase of the trial. Mean baseline body mass index of these 58 patients was 41.6 ± 4.5 kg/m2. At the end of first year (at the beginning of the follow-up study), these 58 patients had a body mass index of 34.1 ± 5.4 kg/m2 and had achieved an 18.3 ± 8.0% TWL. On a per protocol basis, patients experienced 14.2%, 15.3%, 16.6%, and 18.7% TWL at 1, 2, 3, and 4 years, respectively (P < .01 for all). Forty of 58 patients (69%) achieved at least 10% TWL at 4 years or at time of study withdrawal. Improvements in quality of life scores and select cardiometabolic parameters were also maintained through 4 years. There were 2 serious adverse events reported in the second through fourth years, both of which resolved with removal or replacement of the A tube. Two persistent fistulas required surgical repair, representing approximately 2% of all tube removals. There were no clinically significant metabolic or electrolytes disorders observed, nor any evidence for development of any eating disorders.ConclusionsThe results of this midterm study have shown that AT is a safe, effective, and durable weight loss alternative for people with class II and III obesity and who are willing to commit to using the therapy and adhere to adjustments in eating behavior.

Published
2019

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