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51. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, lead, and genetic susceptibility: polymorphisms in the [delta]-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase and vitamin D receptor genes

Author

Kamel, Freya, Umbach, David M., Lehman, Teresa A., Park, Lawrence P., Munsat, Theodore L., Shefner, Jeremy M., Sandler, Dale P., Hu, Howard, and Taylor, Jack A.

Abstract

Previous studies have suggested that lead exposure may be associated with increased risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Polymorphisms in the genes for [delta]-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) and the vitamin [...]

Published
2003

54. Head injury, alpha-synuclein Rep1, and Parkinsonʼs disease

Author

Goldman, Samuel M., Kamel, Freya, Ross, Webster G., Jewell, Sarah A., Bhudhikanok, Grace S., Umbach, David, Marras, Connie, Hauser, Robert A., Jankovic, Joseph, Factor, Stewart A., Bressman, Susan, Lyons, Kelly E., Meng, Cheryl, Korell, Monica, Roucoux, Diana F., Hoppin, Jane A., Sandler, Dale P., Langston, William J., and Tanner, Caroline M.

Published
2012
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56. Mortality in the Agricultural Health Study, 1993–2007

Author

Waggoner, Jenna K., Kullman, Greg J., Henneberger, Paul K., Umbach, David M., Blair, Aaron, Alavanja, Michael C. R., Kamel, Freya, Lynch, Charles F., Knott, Charles, London, Stephanie J., Hines, Cynthia J., Thomas, Kent W., Sandler, Dale P., Lubin, Jay H., Beane Freeman, Laura E., and Hoppin, Jane A.

Published
2011
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66. Hearing loss among licensed pesticide applicators in the agricultural health study

Author

Crawford, John Mac, Hoppin, Jane A., Alavanja, Michael C.R., Blair, Aaron, Sandler, Dale P., and Kamel, Freya

Subjects
Hearing loss -- Risk factors, Hearing loss -- Research, Pesticide applicators (Persons) -- Health aspects, Pesticide applicators (Persons) -- Research, Agricultural research -- Health aspects, Agricultural research -- Reports, Environmental issues, Health
Published
2008

68. High Pesticide Exposure Events and Olfactory Impairment among U.S. Farmers

Author

Shrestha, Srishti, Kamel, Freya, Umbach, David M., Freeman, Laura E. Beane, Koutros, Stella, Alavanja, Michael, Blair, Aaron, Sandler, Dale P., and Chen, Honglei

Subjects
Pesticides -- Environmental aspects -- Health aspects, Farmers -- Health aspects, Nervous system diseases -- Risk factors, Mortality, Insecticides, Organic chlorine compounds, Neurodegenerative diseases, Future predictions, Herbicides, Environmental issues, Health
Abstract

Background: Olfactory impairment (OI) is common among older adults and independently predicts all-cause mortality and the risk of several major neurodegenerative diseases. Pesticide exposure may impair olfaction, but empirical evidence is lacking. Objective: We aimed to examine high pesticide exposure events (HPEEs) in relation to self-reported OI in participants in the Agricultural Health Study (AHS). Methods: We conducted multivariable logistic regression to examine the associations between HPEEs reported at enrollment (1993-1997) and self-reported OI at the latest AHS follow-up (2013-2015) among 11,232 farmers, using farmers without HPEEs as the reference or unexposed group. Results: A total of 1,186 (10.6%) farmers reported OI. A history of HPEEs reported at enrollment was associated with a higher likelihood of reporting OI two decades later {odds ratio (OR) = 1.49 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.28, 1.73]}. In the analyses on the HPEE involving the highest exposure, the association appears to be stronger when there was a >4-h delay between HPEE and washing with soap and water [e.g., OR = 2.07 (95% CI: 1.48, 2.89) for 4-6 h vs. OR = 1.39 (95% CI: 1.11, 1.75) for Conclusions: HPEEs may cause long-lasting olfactory deficit. Future studies should confirm these findings with objectively assessed OI and also investigate potential mechanisms. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP3713, Introduction The human sense of smell decreases with age. Olfactory impairment (OI), or poor sense of smell, is an understudied public health problem among older adults. OI affects up to [...]

Published
2019
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70. Pesticide exposure and depression among male private pesticide applicators in the agricultural health study

Author

Beard, John D., Umbach, David M., Hoppin, Jane A., Richards, Marie, Alavanja, Michael C.R., Blair, Aaron, Sandler, Dale P., and Kamel, Freya

Subjects
Pesticides -- Health aspects, Depression, Mental -- Analysis -- Psychological aspects -- Risk factors -- Environmental aspects, Agricultural laborers -- Health aspects -- Psychological aspects, Environmental issues, Health
Abstract

Background: Pesticide exposure may be positively associated with depression. Few previous studies have considered the episodic nature of depression or examined individual pesticides. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated associations between pesticide exposure and depression among male private pesticide applicators in the Agricultural Health Study. METHODS: We analyzed data for 10 pesticide classes and 50 specific pesticides used by 21,208 applicators enrolled in 1993-1997 who completed a follow-up telephone interview in 2005-2010. We divided applicators who reported a physician diagnosis of depression (n = 1,702; 8%) into those who reported a previous diagnosis of depression at enrollment but not follow-up (n = 474; 28%), at both enrollment and follow-up (n = 540; 32%), and at follow-up but not enrollment (n = 688; 40%) and used polytomous logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs. We used inverse probability weighting to adjust for potential confounders and to account for the exclusion of 3,315 applicators with missing covariate data and 24,619 who did not complete the follow-up interview. RESULTS: After weighting for potential confounders, missing covariate data, and dropout, ever-use of two pesticide classes, fumigants and organochlorine insecticides, and seven individual pesticides--the fumigants aluminum phosphide and ethylene dibromide; the phenoxy herbicide (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy) acetic acid (2,4,5-T); the organochlorine insecticide dieldrin; and the organophosphate insecticides diazinon, malathion, and parathion--were all positively associated with depression in each case group, with ORs between 1.1 and 1.9. CONCLUSIONS: Our study supports a positive association between pesticide exposure and depression, including associations with several specific pesticides. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1307450, Introduction Exposure to pesticides, particularly organophosphate insecticides (OPs), may be positively associated with depression (Bazylewicz-Walczak et al. 1999; Beseler and Stallones 2008; Beseler et al. 2006, 2008; Mackenzie Ross et [...]

Published
2014
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71. Genome-wide Analyses Identify KIF5A as a Novel ALS Gene

Author

Nicolas, Aude, Kenna, Kevin P., Renton, Alan E., Ticozzi, Nicola, Faghri, Faraz, Chia, Ruth, Dominov, Janice A., Kenna, Brendan J., Nalls, Mike A., Keagle, Pamela, Rivera, Alberto M., van Rheenen, Wouter, Murphy, Natalie A., van Vugt, Joke J. F. A., Geiger, Joshua T., van der Spek, Rick A., Pliner, Hannah A., Shankaracharya, Smith, Bradley N., Marangi, Giuseppe, Topp, Simon D., Abramzon, Yevgeniya, Gkazi, Athina Soragia, Eicher, John D., Kenna, Aoife, Mora, Gabriele, Calvo, Andrea, Mazzini, Letizia, Riva, Nilo, Mandrioli, Jessica, Caponnetto, Claudia, Battistini, Stefania, Volanti, Paolo, La Bella, Vincenzo, Conforti, Francesca L., Borghero, Giuseppe, Messina, Sonia, Simone, Isabella L., Trojsi, Francesca, Salvi, Fabrizio, Logullo, Francesco O., D'Alfonso, Sandra, Corrado, Lucia, Capasso, Margherita, Ferrucci, Luigi, Moreno, Cristiane de Araujo Martins, Kamalakaran, Sitharthan, Goldstein, David B., Gitler, Aaron D., Harris, Tim, Myers, Richard M., Phatnani, Hemali, Musunuri, Rajeeva Lochan, Evani, Uday Shankar, Abhyankar, Avinash, Zody, Michael C., Kaye, Julia, Finkbeiner, Steven, Wyman, Stacia K., LeNail, Alex, Lima, Leandro, Fraenkel, Ernest, Svendsen, Clive N., Thompson, Leslie M., Van Eyk, Jennifer E., Berry, James D., Miller, Timothy M., Kolb, Stephen J., Cudkowicz, Merit, Baxi, Emily, Benatar, Michael, Taylor, J. Paul, Rampersaud, Evadnie, Wu, Gang, Wuu, Joanne, Lauria, Giuseppe, Verde, Federico, Fogh, Isabella, Tiloca, Cinzia, Comi, Giacomo P., Soraru, Gianni, Cereda, Cristina, Corcia, Philippe, Laaksovirta, Hannu, Myllykangas, Liisa, Jansson, Lilja, Valori, Miko, Ealing, John, Hamdalla, Hisham, Rollinson, Sara, Pickering-Brown, Stuart, Orrell, Richard W., Sidle, Katie C., Malaspina, Andrea, Hardy, John, Singleton, Andrew B., Johnson, Janel O., Arepalli, Sampath, Sapp, Peter C., McKenna-Yasek, Diane, Polak, Meraida, Asress, Seneshaw, Al-Sarraj, Safa, King, Andrew, Troakes, Claire, Vance, Caroline, de Belleroche, Jacqueline, Baas, Frank, ten Asbroek, Anneloor L. M. A., Luis Munoz-Blanco, Jose, Hernandez, Dena G., Ding, Jinhui, Gibbs, J. Raphael, Scholz, Sonja W., Floeter, Mary Kay, Campbell, Roy H., Landi, Francesco, Bowser, Robert, Pulst, Stefan M., Ravits, John M., MacGowan, Daniel J. L., Kirby, Janine, Pioro, Erik P., Pamphlett, Roger, Broach, James, Gerhard, Glenn, Dunckley, Travis L., Brady, Christopher B., Kowall, Neil W., Troncoso, Juan C., Le Ber, Isabelle, Mouzat, Kevin, Lumbroso, Serge, Heiman-Patterson, Terry D., Kamel, Freya, Van Den Bosch, Ludo, Baloh, Robert H., Strom, Tim M., Meitinger, Thomas, Shatunov, Aleksey, Van Eijk, Kristel R., de Carvalho, Mamede, Kooyman, Maarten, Middelkoop, Bas, Moisse, Matthieu, McLaughlin, Russell L., Van Es, Michael A., Weber, Markus, Boylan, Kevin B., Van Blitterswijk, Marka, Rademakers, Rosa, Morrison, Karen E., Basak, A. Nazli, Mora, Jesus S., Drory, Vivian E., Shaw, Pamela J., Turner, Martin R., Talbot, Kevin, Hardiman, Orla, Williams, Kelly L., Fifita, Jennifer A., Nicholson, Garth A., Blair, Ian P., Rouleau, Guy A., Esteban-Perez, Jesus, Garcia-Redondo, Alberto, Al-Chalabi, Ammar, Rogaeva, Ekaterina, Zinman, Lorne, Ostrow, Lyle W., Maragakis, Nicholas J., Rothstein, Jeffrey D., Simmons, Zachary, Cooper-Knock, Johnathan, Brice, Alexis, Goutman, Stephen A., Feldman, Eva L., Gibson, Summer B., Taroni, Franco, Ratti, Antonia, Gellera, Cinzia, Van Damme, Philip, Robberecht, Wim, Fratta, Pietro, Sabatelli, Mario, Lunetta, Christian, Ludolph, Albert C., Andersen, Peter M., Weishaupt, Jochen H., Camu, William, Trojanowski, John Q., Van Deerlin, Vivianna M., Brown, Robert H., Jr., van den Berg, Leonard H., Veldink, Jan H., Harms, Matthew B., Glass, Jonathan D., Stone, David J., Tienari, Pentti, Silani, Vincenzo, Chio, Adriano, Shaw, Christopher E., Traynor, Bryan J., Landers, John E., Nicolas, Aude, Kenna, Kevin P., Renton, Alan E., Ticozzi, Nicola, Faghri, Faraz, Chia, Ruth, Dominov, Janice A., Kenna, Brendan J., Nalls, Mike A., Keagle, Pamela, Rivera, Alberto M., van Rheenen, Wouter, Murphy, Natalie A., van Vugt, Joke J. F. A., Geiger, Joshua T., van der Spek, Rick A., Pliner, Hannah A., Shankaracharya, Smith, Bradley N., Marangi, Giuseppe, Topp, Simon D., Abramzon, Yevgeniya, Gkazi, Athina Soragia, Eicher, John D., Kenna, Aoife, Mora, Gabriele, Calvo, Andrea, Mazzini, Letizia, Riva, Nilo, Mandrioli, Jessica, Caponnetto, Claudia, Battistini, Stefania, Volanti, Paolo, La Bella, Vincenzo, Conforti, Francesca L., Borghero, Giuseppe, Messina, Sonia, Simone, Isabella L., Trojsi, Francesca, Salvi, Fabrizio, Logullo, Francesco O., D'Alfonso, Sandra, Corrado, Lucia, Capasso, Margherita, Ferrucci, Luigi, Moreno, Cristiane de Araujo Martins, Kamalakaran, Sitharthan, Goldstein, David B., Gitler, Aaron D., Harris, Tim, Myers, Richard M., Phatnani, Hemali, Musunuri, Rajeeva Lochan, Evani, Uday Shankar, Abhyankar, Avinash, Zody, Michael C., Kaye, Julia, Finkbeiner, Steven, Wyman, Stacia K., LeNail, Alex, Lima, Leandro, Fraenkel, Ernest, Svendsen, Clive N., Thompson, Leslie M., Van Eyk, Jennifer E., Berry, James D., Miller, Timothy M., Kolb, Stephen J., Cudkowicz, Merit, Baxi, Emily, Benatar, Michael, Taylor, J. Paul, Rampersaud, Evadnie, Wu, Gang, Wuu, Joanne, Lauria, Giuseppe, Verde, Federico, Fogh, Isabella, Tiloca, Cinzia, Comi, Giacomo P., Soraru, Gianni, Cereda, Cristina, Corcia, Philippe, Laaksovirta, Hannu, Myllykangas, Liisa, Jansson, Lilja, Valori, Miko, Ealing, John, Hamdalla, Hisham, Rollinson, Sara, Pickering-Brown, Stuart, Orrell, Richard W., Sidle, Katie C., Malaspina, Andrea, Hardy, John, Singleton, Andrew B., Johnson, Janel O., Arepalli, Sampath, Sapp, Peter C., McKenna-Yasek, Diane, Polak, Meraida, Asress, Seneshaw, Al-Sarraj, Safa, King, Andrew, Troakes, Claire, Vance, Caroline, de Belleroche, Jacqueline, Baas, Frank, ten Asbroek, Anneloor L. M. A., Luis Munoz-Blanco, Jose, Hernandez, Dena G., Ding, Jinhui, Gibbs, J. Raphael, Scholz, Sonja W., Floeter, Mary Kay, Campbell, Roy H., Landi, Francesco, Bowser, Robert, Pulst, Stefan M., Ravits, John M., MacGowan, Daniel J. L., Kirby, Janine, Pioro, Erik P., Pamphlett, Roger, Broach, James, Gerhard, Glenn, Dunckley, Travis L., Brady, Christopher B., Kowall, Neil W., Troncoso, Juan C., Le Ber, Isabelle, Mouzat, Kevin, Lumbroso, Serge, Heiman-Patterson, Terry D., Kamel, Freya, Van Den Bosch, Ludo, Baloh, Robert H., Strom, Tim M., Meitinger, Thomas, Shatunov, Aleksey, Van Eijk, Kristel R., de Carvalho, Mamede, Kooyman, Maarten, Middelkoop, Bas, Moisse, Matthieu, McLaughlin, Russell L., Van Es, Michael A., Weber, Markus, Boylan, Kevin B., Van Blitterswijk, Marka, Rademakers, Rosa, Morrison, Karen E., Basak, A. Nazli, Mora, Jesus S., Drory, Vivian E., Shaw, Pamela J., Turner, Martin R., Talbot, Kevin, Hardiman, Orla, Williams, Kelly L., Fifita, Jennifer A., Nicholson, Garth A., Blair, Ian P., Rouleau, Guy A., Esteban-Perez, Jesus, Garcia-Redondo, Alberto, Al-Chalabi, Ammar, Rogaeva, Ekaterina, Zinman, Lorne, Ostrow, Lyle W., Maragakis, Nicholas J., Rothstein, Jeffrey D., Simmons, Zachary, Cooper-Knock, Johnathan, Brice, Alexis, Goutman, Stephen A., Feldman, Eva L., Gibson, Summer B., Taroni, Franco, Ratti, Antonia, Gellera, Cinzia, Van Damme, Philip, Robberecht, Wim, Fratta, Pietro, Sabatelli, Mario, Lunetta, Christian, Ludolph, Albert C., Andersen, Peter M., Weishaupt, Jochen H., Camu, William, Trojanowski, John Q., Van Deerlin, Vivianna M., Brown, Robert H., Jr., van den Berg, Leonard H., Veldink, Jan H., Harms, Matthew B., Glass, Jonathan D., Stone, David J., Tienari, Pentti, Silani, Vincenzo, Chio, Adriano, Shaw, Christopher E., Traynor, Bryan J., and Landers, John E.

Abstract

To identify novel genes associated with ALS, we undertook two lines of investigation. We carried out a genome-wide association study comparing 20,806 ALS cases and 59,804 controls. Independently, we performed a rare variant burden analysis comparing 1,138 index familial ALS cases and 19,494 controls. Through both approaches, we identified kinesin family member 5A (KIF5A) as a novel gene associated with ALS. Interestingly, mutations predominantly in the N-terminal motor domain of KIF5A are causative for two neurodegenerative diseases: hereditary spastic paraplegia (SPG10) and Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2 (CMT2). In contrast, ALS-associated mutations are primarily located at the C-terminal cargo-binding tail domain and patients harboring loss-of-function mutations displayed an extended survival relative to typical ALS cases. Taken together, these results broaden the phenotype spectrum resulting from mutations in KIF5A and strengthen the role of cytoskeletal defects in the pathogenesis of ALS.

Published
2018
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72. Genome-wide Analyses Identify KIF5A as a Novel ALS Gene

Author

Nicolas, A, Kenna, K, Renton, A, Ticozzi, N, Faghri, F, Chia, R, Dominov, J, Kenna, B, Nalls, M, Keagle, P, Rivera, A, van Rheenen, W, Murphy, N, van Vugt, J, Geiger, J, van der Spek, R, Pliner, H, Shankaracharya, N, Smith, B, Marangi, G, Topp, S, Abramzon, Y, Gkazi, A, Eicher, J, Kenna, A, Logullo, F, Simone, I, Logroscino, G, Salvi, F, Bartolomei, I, Borghero, G, Murru, M, Costantino, E, Pani, C, Puddu, R, Caredda, C, Piras, V, Tranquilli, S, Cuccu, S, Corongiu, D, Melis, M, Milia, A, Marrosu, F, Marrosu, M, Floris, G, Cannas, A, Capasso, M, Caponnetto, C, Mancardi, G, Origone, P, Mandich, P, Conforti, F, Cavallaro, S, Mora, G, Marinou, K, Sideri, R, Penco, S, Mosca, L, Lunetta, C, Pinter, G, Corbo, M, Riva, N, Carrera, P, Volanti, P, Mandrioli, J, Fini, N, Fasano, A, Tremolizzo, L, Arosio, A, Ferrarese, C, Trojsi, F, Tedeschi, G, Monsurrò, M, Piccirillo, G, Femiano, C, Ticca, A, Ortu, E, La Bella, V, Spataro, R, Colletti, T, Sabatelli, M, Zollino, M, Conte, A, Luigetti, M, Lattante, S, Santarelli, M, Petrucci, A, Pugliatti, M, Pirisi, A, Parish, L, Occhineri, P, Giannini, F, Battistini, S, Ricci, C, Benigni, M, Cau, T, Loi, D, Calvo, A, Moglia, C, Brunetti, M, Barberis, M, Restagno, G, Casale, F, Marrali, G, Fuda, G, Ossola, I, Cammarosano, S, Canosa, A, Ilardi, A, Manera, U, Grassano, M, Tanel, R, Pisano, F, Mazzini, L, Messina, S, D'Alfonso, S, Corrado, L, Ferrucci, L, Harms, M, Goldstein, D, Shneider, N, Goutman, S, Simmons, Z, Miller, T, Chandran, S, Pal, S, Manousakis, G, Appel, S, Simpson, E, Wang, L, Baloh, R, Gibson, S, Bedlack, R, Lacomis, D, Sareen, D, Sherman, A, Bruijn, L, Penny, M, Moreno, C, Kamalakaran, S, Allen, A, Boone, B, Brown, R, Carulli, J, Chesi, A, Chung, W, Cirulli, E, Cooper, G, Couthouis, J, Day-Williams, A, Dion, P, Gitler, A, Glass, J, Han, Y, Harris, T, Hayes, S, Jones, A, Keebler, J, Krueger, B, Lasseigne, B, Levy, S, Lu, Y, Maniatis, T, McKenna-Yasek, D, Myers, R, Petrovski, S, Pulst, S, Raphael, A, Ravits, J, Ren, Z, Rouleau, G, Sapp, P, Sims, K, Staropoli, J, Waite, L, Wang, Q, Wimbish, J, Xin, W, Phatnani, H, Kwan, J, Broach, J, Arcila-Londono, X, Lee, E, Van Deerlin, V, Fraenkel, E, Ostrow, L, Baas, F, Zaitlen, N, Berry, J, Malaspina, A, Fratta, P, Cox, G, Thompson, L, Finkbeiner, S, Dardiotis, E, Hornstein, E, Macgowan, D, Heiman-Patterson, T, Hammell, M, Patsopoulos, N, Dubnau, J, Nath, A, Musunuri, R, Evani, U, Abhyankar, A, Zody, M, Kaye, J, Wyman, S, Lenail, A, Lima, L, Rothstein, J, Svendsen, C, Van Eyk, J, Maragakis, N, Kolb, S, Cudkowicz, M, Baxi, E, Benatar, M, Taylor, J, Wu, G, Rampersaud, E, Wuu, J, Rademakers, R, Züchner, S, Schule, R, Mccauley, J, Hussain, S, Cooley, A, Wallace, M, Clayman, C, Barohn, R, Statland, J, Swenson, A, Jackson, C, Trivedi, J, Khan, S, Katz, J, Jenkins, L, Burns, T, Gwathmey, K, Caress, J, Mcmillan, C, Elman, L, Pioro, E, Heckmann, J, So, Y, Walk, D, Maiser, S, Zhang, J, Silani, V, Gellera, C, Ratti, A, Taroni, F, Lauria, G, Verde, F, Fogh, I, Tiloca, C, Comi, G, Sorarù, G, Cereda, C, De Marchi, F, Corti, S, Ceroni, M, Siciliano, G, Filosto, M, Inghilleri, M, Peverelli, S, Colombrita, C, Poletti, B, Maderna, L, Del Bo, R, Gagliardi, S, Querin, G, Bertolin, C, Pensato, V, Castellotti, B, Camu, W, Mouzat, K, Lumbroso, S, Corcia, P, Meininger, V, Besson, G, Lagrange, E, Clavelou, P, Guy, N, Couratier, P, Vourch, P, Danel, V, Bernard, E, Lemasson, G, Laaksovirta, H, Myllykangas, L, Jansson, L, Valori, M, Ealing, J, Hamdalla, H, Rollinson, S, Pickering-Brown, S, Orrell, R, Sidle, K, Hardy, J, Singleton, A, Johnson, J, Arepalli, S, Polak, M, Asress, S, Al-Sarraj, S, King, A, Troakes, C, Vance, C, de Belleroche, J, ten Asbroek, A, Muñoz-Blanco, J, Hernandez, D, Ding, J, Gibbs, J, Scholz, S, Floeter, M, Campbell, R, Landi, F, Bowser, R, Kirby, J, Pamphlett, R, Gerhard, G, Dunckley, T, Brady, C, Kowall, N, Troncoso, J, Le Ber, I, Kamel, F, Van Den Bosch, L, Strom, T, Meitinger, T, Shatunov, A, Van Eijk, K, de Carvalho, M, Kooyman, M, Middelkoop, B, Moisse, M, Mclaughlin, R, Van Es, M, Weber, M, Boylan, K, Van Blitterswijk, M, Morrison, K, Basak, A, Mora, J, Drory, V, Shaw, P, Turner, M, Talbot, K, Hardiman, O, Williams, K, Fifita, J, Nicholson, G, Blair, I, Esteban-Pérez, J, García-Redondo, A, Al-Chalabi, A, Al Kheifat, A, Andersen, P, Chio, A, Cooper-Knock, J, Dekker, A, Redondo, A, Gotkine, M, Hide, W, Iacoangeli, A, Kiernan, M, Landers, J, Mill, J, Neto, M, Pardina, J, Newhouse, S, Pinto, S, Pulit, S, Robberecht, W, Shaw, C, Sproviero, W, Tazelaar, G, van Damme, P, van den Berg, L, van Eijk, K, van Es, M, Veldink, J, Zatz, M, Bauer, D, Twine, N, Rogaeva, E, Zinman, L, Brice, A, Feldman, E, Ludolph, A, Weishaupt, J, Trojanowski, J, Stone, D, Tienari, P, Chiò, A, Traynor, B, Nicolas, Aude, Kenna, Kevin P., Renton, Alan E., Ticozzi, Nicola, Faghri, Faraz, Chia, Ruth, Dominov, Janice A., Kenna, Brendan J., Nalls, Mike A., Keagle, Pamela, Rivera, Alberto M., van Rheenen, Wouter, Murphy, Natalie A., van Vugt, Joke J. F. A., Geiger, Joshua T., van der Spek, Rick, Pliner, Hannah A., Shankaracharya, null, Smith, Bradley N., Marangi, Giuseppe, Topp, Simon D., Abramzon, Yevgeniya, Gkazi, Athina Soragia, Eicher, John D., Kenna, Aoife, Logullo, Francesco O., Simone, Isabella, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Salvi, Fabrizio, Bartolomei, Ilaria, Borghero, Giuseppe, Murru, Maria Rita, Costantino, Emanuela, Pani, Carla, Puddu, Roberta, Caredda, Carla, Piras, Valeria, Tranquilli, Stefania, Cuccu, Stefania, Corongiu, Daniela, Melis, Maurizio, Milia, Antonio, Marrosu, Francesco, Marrosu, Maria Giovanna, Floris, Gianluca, Cannas, Antonino, Capasso, Margherita, Caponnetto, Claudia, Mancardi, Gianluigi, Origone, Paola, Mandich, Paola, Conforti, Francesca L., Cavallaro, Sebastiano, Mora, Gabriele, Marinou, Kalliopi, Sideri, Riccardo, Penco, Silvana, Mosca, Lorena, Lunetta, Christian, Pinter, Giuseppe Lauria, Corbo, Massimo, Riva, Nilo, Carrera, Paola, Volanti, Paolo, Mandrioli, Jessica, Fini, Nicola, Fasano, Antonio, Tremolizzo, Lucio, Arosio, Alessandro, Ferrarese, Carlo, Trojsi, Francesca, Tedeschi, Gioacchino, Monsurrò, Maria Rosaria, Piccirillo, Giovanni, Femiano, Cinzia, Ticca, Anna, Ortu, Enzo, La Bella, Vincenzo, Spataro, Rossella, Colletti, Tiziana, Sabatelli, Mario, Zollino, Marcella, Conte, Amelia, Luigetti, Marco, Lattante, Serena, Santarelli, Marialuisa, Petrucci, Antonio, Pugliatti, Maura, Pirisi, Angelo, Parish, Leslie D., Occhineri, Patrizia, Giannini, Fabio, Battistini, Stefania, Ricci, Claudia, Benigni, Michele, Cau, Tea B., Loi, Daniela, Calvo, Andrea, Moglia, Cristina, Brunetti, Maura, Barberis, Marco, Restagno, Gabriella, Casale, Federico, Marrali, Giuseppe, Fuda, Giuseppe, Ossola, Irene, Cammarosano, Stefania, Canosa, Antonio, Ilardi, Antonio, Manera, Umberto, Grassano, Maurizio, Tanel, Raffaella, Pisano, Fabrizio, Mazzini, Letizia, Messina, Sonia, D'Alfonso, Sandra, Corrado, Lucia, Ferrucci, Luigi, Harms, Matthew B., Goldstein, David B., Shneider, Neil A., Goutman, Stephen, Simmons, Zachary, Miller, Timothy M., Chandran, Siddharthan, Pal, Suvankar, Manousakis, George, Appel, Stanley, Simpson, Ericka, Wang, Leo, Baloh, Robert H., Gibson, Summer, Bedlack, Richard S., Lacomis, David, Sareen, Dhruv, Sherman, Alexander, Bruijn, Lucie, Penny, Michelle, Moreno, Cristiane de Araujo Martins, Kamalakaran, Sitharthan, Allen, Andrew S., Boone, Braden E., Brown, Robert, Carulli, John P., Chesi, Alessandra, Chung, Wendy K., Cirulli, Elizabeth T., Cooper, Gregory M., Couthouis, Julien, Day-Williams, Aaron G., Dion, Patrick A., Gitler, Aaron D., Glass, Jonathan D., Han, Yujun, Harris, Tim, Hayes, Sebastian D., Jones, Angela L., Keebler, Jonathan, Krueger, Brian J., Lasseigne, Brittany N., Levy, Shawn E., Lu, Yi-Fan, Maniatis, Tom, McKenna-Yasek, Diane, Myers, Richard M., Petrovski, Slavé, Pulst, Stefan M., Raphael, Alya R., Ravits, John M., Ren, Zhong, Rouleau, Guy A., Sapp, Peter C., Sims, Katherine B., Staropoli, John F., Waite, Lindsay L., Wang, Quanli, Wimbish, Jack R., Xin, Winnie W., Phatnani, Hemali, Kwan, Justin, Broach, James R., Arcila-Londono, Ximena, Lee, Edward B., Van Deerlin, Vivianna M., Fraenkel, Ernest, Ostrow, Lyle W., Baas, Frank, Zaitlen, Noah, Berry, James D., Malaspina, Andrea, Fratta, Pietro, Cox, Gregory A., Thompson, Leslie M., Finkbeiner, Steven, Dardiotis, Efthimios, Hornstein, Eran, MacGowan, Daniel J., Heiman-Patterson, Terry, Hammell, Molly G., Patsopoulos, Nikolaos A., Dubnau, Joshua, Nath, Avindra, Musunuri, Rajeeva Lochan, Evani, Uday Shankar, Abhyankar, Avinash, Zody, Michael C., Kaye, Julia, Wyman, Stacia, LeNail, Alexander, Lima, Leandro, Rothstein, Jeffrey D., Svendsen, Clive N., Van Eyk, Jenny, Maragakis, Nicholas J., Kolb, Stephen J., Cudkowicz, Merit, Baxi, Emily, Wyman, Stacia K., Van Eyk, Jennifer E., Benatar, Michael, Taylor, J. Paul, Wu, Gang, Rampersaud, Evadnie, Wuu, Joanne, Rademakers, Rosa, Züchner, Stephan, Schule, Rebecca, McCauley, Jacob, Hussain, Sumaira, Cooley, Anne, Wallace, Marielle, Clayman, Christine, Barohn, Richard, Statland, Jeffrey, Ravits, John, Swenson, Andrea, Jackson, Carlayne, Trivedi, Jaya, Khan, Shaida, Katz, Jonathan, Jenkins, Liberty, Burns, Ted, Gwathmey, Kelly, Caress, James, McMillan, Corey, Elman, Lauren, Pioro, Erik, Heckmann, Jeannine, So, Yuen, Walk, David, Maiser, Samuel, Zhang, Jinghui, Silani, Vincenzo, Gellera, Cinzia, Ratti, Antonia, Taroni, Franco, Lauria, Giuseppe, Verde, Federico, Fogh, Isabella, Tiloca, Cinzia, Comi, Giacomo P., Sorarù, Gianni, Cereda, Cristina, De Marchi, Fabiola, Corti, Stefania, Ceroni, Mauro, Siciliano, Gabriele, Filosto, Massimiliano, Inghilleri, Maurizio, Peverelli, Silvia, Colombrita, Claudia, Poletti, Barbara, Maderna, Luca, Del Bo, Roberto, Gagliardi, Stella, Querin, Giorgia, Bertolin, Cinzia, Pensato, Viviana, Castellotti, Barbara, Camu, William, Mouzat, Kevin, Lumbroso, Serge, Corcia, Philippe, Meininger, Vincent, Besson, Gérard, Lagrange, Emmeline, Clavelou, Pierre, Guy, Nathalie, Couratier, Philippe, Vourch, Patrick, Danel, Véronique, Bernard, Emilien, Lemasson, Gwendal, Laaksovirta, Hannu, Myllykangas, Liisa, Jansson, Lilja, Valori, Miko, Ealing, John, Hamdalla, Hisham, Rollinson, Sara, Pickering-Brown, Stuart, Orrell, Richard W., Sidle, Katie C., Hardy, John, Singleton, Andrew B., Johnson, Janel O., Arepalli, Sampath, Polak, Meraida, Asress, Seneshaw, Al-Sarraj, Safa, King, Andrew, Troakes, Claire, Vance, Caroline, de Belleroche, Jacqueline, ten Asbroek, Anneloor L. M. A., Muñoz-Blanco, José Luis, Hernandez, Dena G., Ding, Jinhui, Gibbs, J. Raphael, Scholz, Sonja W., Floeter, Mary Kay, Campbell, Roy H., Landi, Francesco, Bowser, Robert, MacGowan, Daniel J. L., Kirby, Janine, Pioro, Erik P., Pamphlett, Roger, Broach, James, Gerhard, Glenn, Dunckley, Travis L., Brady, Christopher B., Kowall, Neil W., Troncoso, Juan C., Le Ber, Isabelle, Heiman-Patterson, Terry D., Kamel, Freya, Van Den Bosch, Ludo, Strom, Tim M., Meitinger, Thomas, Shatunov, Aleksey, Van Eijk, Kristel R., de Carvalho, Mamede, Kooyman, Maarten, Middelkoop, Bas, Moisse, Mattieu, McLaughlin, Russell L., Van Es, Michael A., Weber, Markus, Boylan, Kevin B., Van Blitterswijk, Marka, Morrison, Karen E., Basak, A. Nazli, Mora, Jesús S., Drory, Vivian E., Shaw, Pamela J., Turner, Martin R., Talbot, Kevin, Hardiman, Orla, Williams, Kelly L., Fifita, Jennifer A., Nicholson, Garth A., Blair, Ian P., Esteban-Pérez, Jesús, García-Redondo, Alberto, Al-Chalabi, Ammar, Al Kheifat, Ahmad, Andersen, Peter, Chio, Adriano, Cooper-Knock, Jonathan, Dekker, Annelot, Drory, Vivian, Redondo, Alberto Garcia, Gotkine, Marc, Hide, Winston, Iacoangeli, Alfredo, Glass, Jonathan, Kenna, Kevin, Kiernan, Matthew, Landers, John, McLaughlin, Russell, Mill, Jonathan, Neto, Miguel Mitne, Pardina, Jesus Mora, Morrison, Karen, Newhouse, Stephen, Pinto, Susana, Pulit, Sara, Robberecht, Wim, Shaw, Pamela, Shaw, Chris, Sproviero, William, Tazelaar, Gijs, van Damme, Philip, van den Berg, Leonard, van Eijk, Kristel, van Es, Michael, van Vugt, Joke, Veldink, Jan, Zatz, Mayana, Bauer, Denis C., Twine, Natalie A., Rogaeva, Ekaterina, Zinman, Lorne, Brice, Alexis, Goutman, Stephen A., Feldman, Eva L., Gibson, Summer B., Ludolph, Albert C., Andersen, Peter M., Weishaupt, Jochen H., Trojanowski, John Q., Brown, Robert H., van den Berg, Leonard H., Veldink, Jan H., Stone, David J., Tienari, Pentti, Chiò, Adriano, Shaw, Christopher E., Traynor, Bryan J., Landers, John E., Nicolas, A, Kenna, K, Renton, A, Ticozzi, N, Faghri, F, Chia, R, Dominov, J, Kenna, B, Nalls, M, Keagle, P, Rivera, A, van Rheenen, W, Murphy, N, van Vugt, J, Geiger, J, van der Spek, R, Pliner, H, Shankaracharya, N, Smith, B, Marangi, G, Topp, S, Abramzon, Y, Gkazi, A, Eicher, J, Kenna, A, Logullo, F, Simone, I, Logroscino, G, Salvi, F, Bartolomei, I, Borghero, G, Murru, M, Costantino, E, Pani, C, Puddu, R, Caredda, C, Piras, V, Tranquilli, S, Cuccu, S, Corongiu, D, Melis, M, Milia, A, Marrosu, F, Marrosu, M, Floris, G, Cannas, A, Capasso, M, Caponnetto, C, Mancardi, G, Origone, P, Mandich, P, Conforti, F, Cavallaro, S, Mora, G, Marinou, K, Sideri, R, Penco, S, Mosca, L, Lunetta, C, Pinter, G, Corbo, M, Riva, N, Carrera, P, Volanti, P, Mandrioli, J, Fini, N, Fasano, A, Tremolizzo, L, Arosio, A, Ferrarese, C, Trojsi, F, Tedeschi, G, Monsurrò, M, Piccirillo, G, Femiano, C, Ticca, A, Ortu, E, La Bella, V, Spataro, R, Colletti, T, Sabatelli, M, Zollino, M, Conte, A, Luigetti, M, Lattante, S, Santarelli, M, Petrucci, A, Pugliatti, M, Pirisi, A, Parish, L, Occhineri, P, Giannini, F, Battistini, S, Ricci, C, Benigni, M, Cau, T, Loi, D, Calvo, A, Moglia, C, Brunetti, M, Barberis, M, Restagno, G, Casale, F, Marrali, G, Fuda, G, Ossola, I, Cammarosano, S, Canosa, A, Ilardi, A, Manera, U, Grassano, M, Tanel, R, Pisano, F, Mazzini, L, Messina, S, D'Alfonso, S, Corrado, L, Ferrucci, L, Harms, M, Goldstein, D, Shneider, N, Goutman, S, Simmons, Z, Miller, T, Chandran, S, Pal, S, Manousakis, G, Appel, S, Simpson, E, Wang, L, Baloh, R, Gibson, S, Bedlack, R, Lacomis, D, Sareen, D, Sherman, A, Bruijn, L, Penny, M, Moreno, C, Kamalakaran, S, Allen, A, Boone, B, Brown, R, Carulli, J, Chesi, A, Chung, W, Cirulli, E, Cooper, G, Couthouis, J, Day-Williams, A, Dion, P, Gitler, A, Glass, J, Han, Y, Harris, T, Hayes, S, Jones, A, Keebler, J, Krueger, B, Lasseigne, B, Levy, S, Lu, Y, Maniatis, T, McKenna-Yasek, D, Myers, R, Petrovski, S, Pulst, S, Raphael, A, Ravits, J, Ren, Z, Rouleau, G, Sapp, P, Sims, K, Staropoli, J, Waite, L, Wang, Q, Wimbish, J, Xin, W, Phatnani, H, Kwan, J, Broach, J, Arcila-Londono, X, Lee, E, Van Deerlin, V, Fraenkel, E, Ostrow, L, Baas, F, Zaitlen, N, Berry, J, Malaspina, A, Fratta, P, Cox, G, Thompson, L, Finkbeiner, S, Dardiotis, E, Hornstein, E, Macgowan, D, Heiman-Patterson, T, Hammell, M, Patsopoulos, N, Dubnau, J, Nath, A, Musunuri, R, Evani, U, Abhyankar, A, Zody, M, Kaye, J, Wyman, S, Lenail, A, Lima, L, Rothstein, J, Svendsen, C, Van Eyk, J, Maragakis, N, Kolb, S, Cudkowicz, M, Baxi, E, Benatar, M, Taylor, J, Wu, G, Rampersaud, E, Wuu, J, Rademakers, R, Züchner, S, Schule, R, Mccauley, J, Hussain, S, Cooley, A, Wallace, M, Clayman, C, Barohn, R, Statland, J, Swenson, A, Jackson, C, Trivedi, J, Khan, S, Katz, J, Jenkins, L, Burns, T, Gwathmey, K, Caress, J, Mcmillan, C, Elman, L, Pioro, E, Heckmann, J, So, Y, Walk, D, Maiser, S, Zhang, J, Silani, V, Gellera, C, Ratti, A, Taroni, F, Lauria, G, Verde, F, Fogh, I, Tiloca, C, Comi, G, Sorarù, G, Cereda, C, De Marchi, F, Corti, S, Ceroni, M, Siciliano, G, Filosto, M, Inghilleri, M, Peverelli, S, Colombrita, C, Poletti, B, Maderna, L, Del Bo, R, Gagliardi, S, Querin, G, Bertolin, C, Pensato, V, Castellotti, B, Camu, W, Mouzat, K, Lumbroso, S, Corcia, P, Meininger, V, Besson, G, Lagrange, E, Clavelou, P, Guy, N, Couratier, P, Vourch, P, Danel, V, Bernard, E, Lemasson, G, Laaksovirta, H, Myllykangas, L, Jansson, L, Valori, M, Ealing, J, Hamdalla, H, Rollinson, S, Pickering-Brown, S, Orrell, R, Sidle, K, Hardy, J, Singleton, A, Johnson, J, Arepalli, S, Polak, M, Asress, S, Al-Sarraj, S, King, A, Troakes, C, Vance, C, de Belleroche, J, ten Asbroek, A, Muñoz-Blanco, J, Hernandez, D, Ding, J, Gibbs, J, Scholz, S, Floeter, M, Campbell, R, Landi, F, Bowser, R, Kirby, J, Pamphlett, R, Gerhard, G, Dunckley, T, Brady, C, Kowall, N, Troncoso, J, Le Ber, I, Kamel, F, Van Den Bosch, L, Strom, T, Meitinger, T, Shatunov, A, Van Eijk, K, de Carvalho, M, Kooyman, M, Middelkoop, B, Moisse, M, Mclaughlin, R, Van Es, M, Weber, M, Boylan, K, Van Blitterswijk, M, Morrison, K, Basak, A, Mora, J, Drory, V, Shaw, P, Turner, M, Talbot, K, Hardiman, O, Williams, K, Fifita, J, Nicholson, G, Blair, I, Esteban-Pérez, J, García-Redondo, A, Al-Chalabi, A, Al Kheifat, A, Andersen, P, Chio, A, Cooper-Knock, J, Dekker, A, Redondo, A, Gotkine, M, Hide, W, Iacoangeli, A, Kiernan, M, Landers, J, Mill, J, Neto, M, Pardina, J, Newhouse, S, Pinto, S, Pulit, S, Robberecht, W, Shaw, C, Sproviero, W, Tazelaar, G, van Damme, P, van den Berg, L, van Eijk, K, van Es, M, Veldink, J, Zatz, M, Bauer, D, Twine, N, Rogaeva, E, Zinman, L, Brice, A, Feldman, E, Ludolph, A, Weishaupt, J, Trojanowski, J, Stone, D, Tienari, P, Chiò, A, Traynor, B, Nicolas, Aude, Kenna, Kevin P., Renton, Alan E., Ticozzi, Nicola, Faghri, Faraz, Chia, Ruth, Dominov, Janice A., Kenna, Brendan J., Nalls, Mike A., Keagle, Pamela, Rivera, Alberto M., van Rheenen, Wouter, Murphy, Natalie A., van Vugt, Joke J. F. A., Geiger, Joshua T., van der Spek, Rick, Pliner, Hannah A., Shankaracharya, null, Smith, Bradley N., Marangi, Giuseppe, Topp, Simon D., Abramzon, Yevgeniya, Gkazi, Athina Soragia, Eicher, John D., Kenna, Aoife, Logullo, Francesco O., Simone, Isabella, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Salvi, Fabrizio, Bartolomei, Ilaria, Borghero, Giuseppe, Murru, Maria Rita, Costantino, Emanuela, Pani, Carla, Puddu, Roberta, Caredda, Carla, Piras, Valeria, Tranquilli, Stefania, Cuccu, Stefania, Corongiu, Daniela, Melis, Maurizio, Milia, Antonio, Marrosu, Francesco, Marrosu, Maria Giovanna, Floris, Gianluca, Cannas, Antonino, Capasso, Margherita, Caponnetto, Claudia, Mancardi, Gianluigi, Origone, Paola, Mandich, Paola, Conforti, Francesca L., Cavallaro, Sebastiano, Mora, Gabriele, Marinou, Kalliopi, Sideri, Riccardo, Penco, Silvana, Mosca, Lorena, Lunetta, Christian, Pinter, Giuseppe Lauria, Corbo, Massimo, Riva, Nilo, Carrera, Paola, Volanti, Paolo, Mandrioli, Jessica, Fini, Nicola, Fasano, Antonio, Tremolizzo, Lucio, Arosio, Alessandro, Ferrarese, Carlo, Trojsi, Francesca, Tedeschi, Gioacchino, Monsurrò, Maria Rosaria, Piccirillo, Giovanni, Femiano, Cinzia, Ticca, Anna, Ortu, Enzo, La Bella, Vincenzo, Spataro, Rossella, Colletti, Tiziana, Sabatelli, Mario, Zollino, Marcella, Conte, Amelia, Luigetti, Marco, Lattante, Serena, Santarelli, Marialuisa, Petrucci, Antonio, Pugliatti, Maura, Pirisi, Angelo, Parish, Leslie D., Occhineri, Patrizia, Giannini, Fabio, Battistini, Stefania, Ricci, Claudia, Benigni, Michele, Cau, Tea B., Loi, Daniela, Calvo, Andrea, Moglia, Cristina, Brunetti, Maura, Barberis, Marco, Restagno, Gabriella, Casale, Federico, Marrali, Giuseppe, Fuda, Giuseppe, Ossola, Irene, Cammarosano, Stefania, Canosa, Antonio, Ilardi, Antonio, Manera, Umberto, Grassano, Maurizio, Tanel, Raffaella, Pisano, Fabrizio, Mazzini, Letizia, Messina, Sonia, D'Alfonso, Sandra, Corrado, Lucia, Ferrucci, Luigi, Harms, Matthew B., Goldstein, David B., Shneider, Neil A., Goutman, Stephen, Simmons, Zachary, Miller, Timothy M., Chandran, Siddharthan, Pal, Suvankar, Manousakis, George, Appel, Stanley, Simpson, Ericka, Wang, Leo, Baloh, Robert H., Gibson, Summer, Bedlack, Richard S., Lacomis, David, Sareen, Dhruv, Sherman, Alexander, Bruijn, Lucie, Penny, Michelle, Moreno, Cristiane de Araujo Martins, Kamalakaran, Sitharthan, Allen, Andrew S., Boone, Braden E., Brown, Robert, Carulli, John P., Chesi, Alessandra, Chung, Wendy K., Cirulli, Elizabeth T., Cooper, Gregory M., Couthouis, Julien, Day-Williams, Aaron G., Dion, Patrick A., Gitler, Aaron D., Glass, Jonathan D., Han, Yujun, Harris, Tim, Hayes, Sebastian D., Jones, Angela L., Keebler, Jonathan, Krueger, Brian J., Lasseigne, Brittany N., Levy, Shawn E., Lu, Yi-Fan, Maniatis, Tom, McKenna-Yasek, Diane, Myers, Richard M., Petrovski, Slavé, Pulst, Stefan M., Raphael, Alya R., Ravits, John M., Ren, Zhong, Rouleau, Guy A., Sapp, Peter C., Sims, Katherine B., Staropoli, John F., Waite, Lindsay L., Wang, Quanli, Wimbish, Jack R., Xin, Winnie W., Phatnani, Hemali, Kwan, Justin, Broach, James R., Arcila-Londono, Ximena, Lee, Edward B., Van Deerlin, Vivianna M., Fraenkel, Ernest, Ostrow, Lyle W., Baas, Frank, Zaitlen, Noah, Berry, James D., Malaspina, Andrea, Fratta, Pietro, Cox, Gregory A., Thompson, Leslie M., Finkbeiner, Steven, Dardiotis, Efthimios, Hornstein, Eran, MacGowan, Daniel J., Heiman-Patterson, Terry, Hammell, Molly G., Patsopoulos, Nikolaos A., Dubnau, Joshua, Nath, Avindra, Musunuri, Rajeeva Lochan, Evani, Uday Shankar, Abhyankar, Avinash, Zody, Michael C., Kaye, Julia, Wyman, Stacia, LeNail, Alexander, Lima, Leandro, Rothstein, Jeffrey D., Svendsen, Clive N., Van Eyk, Jenny, Maragakis, Nicholas J., Kolb, Stephen J., Cudkowicz, Merit, Baxi, Emily, Wyman, Stacia K., Van Eyk, Jennifer E., Benatar, Michael, Taylor, J. Paul, Wu, Gang, Rampersaud, Evadnie, Wuu, Joanne, Rademakers, Rosa, Züchner, Stephan, Schule, Rebecca, McCauley, Jacob, Hussain, Sumaira, Cooley, Anne, Wallace, Marielle, Clayman, Christine, Barohn, Richard, Statland, Jeffrey, Ravits, John, Swenson, Andrea, Jackson, Carlayne, Trivedi, Jaya, Khan, Shaida, Katz, Jonathan, Jenkins, Liberty, Burns, Ted, Gwathmey, Kelly, Caress, James, McMillan, Corey, Elman, Lauren, Pioro, Erik, Heckmann, Jeannine, So, Yuen, Walk, David, Maiser, Samuel, Zhang, Jinghui, Silani, Vincenzo, Gellera, Cinzia, Ratti, Antonia, Taroni, Franco, Lauria, Giuseppe, Verde, Federico, Fogh, Isabella, Tiloca, Cinzia, Comi, Giacomo P., Sorarù, Gianni, Cereda, Cristina, De Marchi, Fabiola, Corti, Stefania, Ceroni, Mauro, Siciliano, Gabriele, Filosto, Massimiliano, Inghilleri, Maurizio, Peverelli, Silvia, Colombrita, Claudia, Poletti, Barbara, Maderna, Luca, Del Bo, Roberto, Gagliardi, Stella, Querin, Giorgia, Bertolin, Cinzia, Pensato, Viviana, Castellotti, Barbara, Camu, William, Mouzat, Kevin, Lumbroso, Serge, Corcia, Philippe, Meininger, Vincent, Besson, Gérard, Lagrange, Emmeline, Clavelou, Pierre, Guy, Nathalie, Couratier, Philippe, Vourch, Patrick, Danel, Véronique, Bernard, Emilien, Lemasson, Gwendal, Laaksovirta, Hannu, Myllykangas, Liisa, Jansson, Lilja, Valori, Miko, Ealing, John, Hamdalla, Hisham, Rollinson, Sara, Pickering-Brown, Stuart, Orrell, Richard W., Sidle, Katie C., Hardy, John, Singleton, Andrew B., Johnson, Janel O., Arepalli, Sampath, Polak, Meraida, Asress, Seneshaw, Al-Sarraj, Safa, King, Andrew, Troakes, Claire, Vance, Caroline, de Belleroche, Jacqueline, ten Asbroek, Anneloor L. M. A., Muñoz-Blanco, José Luis, Hernandez, Dena G., Ding, Jinhui, Gibbs, J. Raphael, Scholz, Sonja W., Floeter, Mary Kay, Campbell, Roy H., Landi, Francesco, Bowser, Robert, MacGowan, Daniel J. L., Kirby, Janine, Pioro, Erik P., Pamphlett, Roger, Broach, James, Gerhard, Glenn, Dunckley, Travis L., Brady, Christopher B., Kowall, Neil W., Troncoso, Juan C., Le Ber, Isabelle, Heiman-Patterson, Terry D., Kamel, Freya, Van Den Bosch, Ludo, Strom, Tim M., Meitinger, Thomas, Shatunov, Aleksey, Van Eijk, Kristel R., de Carvalho, Mamede, Kooyman, Maarten, Middelkoop, Bas, Moisse, Mattieu, McLaughlin, Russell L., Van Es, Michael A., Weber, Markus, Boylan, Kevin B., Van Blitterswijk, Marka, Morrison, Karen E., Basak, A. Nazli, Mora, Jesús S., Drory, Vivian E., Shaw, Pamela J., Turner, Martin R., Talbot, Kevin, Hardiman, Orla, Williams, Kelly L., Fifita, Jennifer A., Nicholson, Garth A., Blair, Ian P., Esteban-Pérez, Jesús, García-Redondo, Alberto, Al-Chalabi, Ammar, Al Kheifat, Ahmad, Andersen, Peter, Chio, Adriano, Cooper-Knock, Jonathan, Dekker, Annelot, Drory, Vivian, Redondo, Alberto Garcia, Gotkine, Marc, Hide, Winston, Iacoangeli, Alfredo, Glass, Jonathan, Kenna, Kevin, Kiernan, Matthew, Landers, John, McLaughlin, Russell, Mill, Jonathan, Neto, Miguel Mitne, Pardina, Jesus Mora, Morrison, Karen, Newhouse, Stephen, Pinto, Susana, Pulit, Sara, Robberecht, Wim, Shaw, Pamela, Shaw, Chris, Sproviero, William, Tazelaar, Gijs, van Damme, Philip, van den Berg, Leonard, van Eijk, Kristel, van Es, Michael, van Vugt, Joke, Veldink, Jan, Zatz, Mayana, Bauer, Denis C., Twine, Natalie A., Rogaeva, Ekaterina, Zinman, Lorne, Brice, Alexis, Goutman, Stephen A., Feldman, Eva L., Gibson, Summer B., Ludolph, Albert C., Andersen, Peter M., Weishaupt, Jochen H., Trojanowski, John Q., Brown, Robert H., van den Berg, Leonard H., Veldink, Jan H., Stone, David J., Tienari, Pentti, Chiò, Adriano, Shaw, Christopher E., Traynor, Bryan J., and Landers, John E.

Abstract

To identify novel genes associated with ALS, we undertook two lines of investigation. We carried out a genome-wide association study comparing 20,806 ALS cases and 59,804 controls. Independently, we performed a rare variant burden analysis comparing 1,138 index familial ALS cases and 19,494 controls. Through both approaches, we identified kinesin family member 5A (KIF5A) as a novel gene associated with ALS. Interestingly, mutations predominantly in the N-terminal motor domain of KIF5A are causative for two neurodegenerative diseases: hereditary spastic paraplegia (SPG10) and Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2 (CMT2). In contrast, ALS-associated mutations are primarily located at the C-terminal cargo-binding tail domain and patients harboring loss-of-function mutations displayed an extended survival relative to typical ALS cases. Taken together, these results broaden the phenotype spectrum resulting from mutations in KIF5A and strengthen the role of cytoskeletal defects in the pathogenesis of ALS. Using a large-scale genome-wide association study and exome sequencing, we identified KIF5A as a novel gene associated with ALS. Our data broaden the phenotype resulting from mutations in KIF5A and highlight the importance of cytoskeletal defects in the pathogenesis of ALS.

Published
2018

73. Pesticide Use and Incident Hypothyroidism in Pesticide Applicators in the Agricultural Health Study

Author

Shrestha, Srishti, Parks, Christine G., Goldner, Whitney S., Kamel, Freya, Umbach, David M., Ward, Mary H., Lerro, Catherine C., Koutros, Stella, Hofmann, Jonathan N., Freeman, Laura E. Beane, and Sandler, Dale P.

Subjects
Hypothyroidism -- Risk factors, Pesticides -- Health aspects, Pesticide applicators (Persons) -- Health aspects, Environmental issues, Health
Abstract

Background: Though evidence suggests that some pesticides may have thyroid-disrupting properties, prospective studies of associations between specific pesticides and incident thyroid disease are limited. Objective: We evaluated associations between use of specific pesticides and incident hypothyroidism in private pesticide applicators in the Agricultural Health Study (AHS). Methods: Self-reported incident hypothyroidism (n = 829 cases) was studied in relation to ever-use and intensity- weighted cumulative days of pesticide use at study enrollment. We estimated adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using Cox proportional hazards models applied to 35,150 male and female applicators followed over 20 y. All models were stratified by state and education to meet proportional hazards assumptions (p [less than or equal to] 0.10 for age x covariate interactions). Models of pesticides that did not meet proportional hazards assumptions were stratified by median attained age (62 y). Results: Hypothyroidism risk was significantly increased with ever- vs. never-use of four organochlorine insecticides (aldrin, heptachlor, and lindane among participants with attained age >62 y; chlordane in all participants), four organophosphate insecticides (coumaphos in those >62 y; diazinon, dichlorvos, and malathion in all participants) and three herbicides (dicamba, glyphosate, and 2,4-D in all participants). HRs ranged from 1.21; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.41 (chlordane) to 1.54; 95% CI: 1.23, 19.4 (lindane in those >62 y). Hypothyroidism risk was greatest among those with higher intensityweighted lifetime days of using chlordane, lindane, coumaphos (over age 62), diazinon, permethrin, and 2,4-D. Conclusions: Our findings support associations between exposure to several pesticides and increased hypothyroidism risk. These findings are generally consistent with prior analyses of prevalent hypothyroidism in the AHS., Introduction Thyroid diseases are common in the United States (U.S.); and with prevalence estimates of 5-9% (overt and subclinical disease combined), hypothyroidism is the most common thyroid disease (Garber et [...]

Published
2018
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74. Incident thyroid disease in female spouses of private pesticide applicators

Author

Shrestha, Srishti, primary, Parks, Christine G., additional, Goldner, Whitney S., additional, Kamel, Freya, additional, Umbach, David M., additional, Ward, Mary H., additional, Lerro, Catherine C., additional, Koutros, Stella, additional, Hofmann, Jonathan N., additional, Beane Freeman, Laura E., additional, and Sandler, Dale P., additional

Published
2018
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75. Genome-Wide Analyses Identify KIF5A as a Novel ALS Gene

Author

Nicolas, Aude, primary, Kenna, Kevin P., additional, Renton, Alan E., additional, Ticozzi, Nicola, additional, Faghri, Faraz, additional, Chia, Ruth, additional, Dominov, Janice A., additional, Kenna, Brendan J., additional, Nalls, Mike A., additional, Keagle, Pamela, additional, Rivera, Alberto M., additional, Rheenen, Wouter van, additional, Murphy, Natalie A., additional, Vugt, Joke J.F.A. van, additional, Geiger, Joshua T., additional, Van der Spek, Rick A., additional, Pliner, Hannah A., additional, Smith, Bradley N., additional, Marangi, Giuseppe, additional, Topp, Simon D., additional, Abramzon, Yevgeniya, additional, Gkazi, Athina Soragia, additional, Eicher, John D., additional, Kenna, Aoife, additional, Consortium, ITALSGEN, additional, Mora, Gabriele, additional, Calvo, Andrea, additional, Mazzini, Letizia, additional, Riva, Nilo, additional, Mandrioli, Jessica, additional, Caponnetto, Claudia, additional, Battistini, Stefania, additional, Volanti, Paolo, additional, Bella, Vincenzo La, additional, Conforti, Francesca L., additional, Borghero, Giuseppe, additional, Messina, Sonia, additional, Simone, Isabella L., additional, Trojsi, Francesca, additional, Salvi, Fabrizio, additional, Logullo, Francesco O., additional, D’Alfonso, Sandra, additional, Corrado, Lucia, additional, Capasso, Margherita, additional, Ferrucci, Luigi, additional, (GTAC) Consortium, Genomic Translation for ALS Care, additional, Martins Moreno, Cristiane de Araujo, additional, Kamalakaran, Sitharthan, additional, Goldstein, David B., additional, Consortium, The ALS Sequencing, additional, Gitler, Aaron D., additional, Harris, Tim, additional, Myers, Richard M., additional, Consortium, NYGC ALS, additional, Phatnani, Hemali, additional, Musunuri, Rajeeva Lochan, additional, Evani, Uday Shankar, additional, Abhyankar, Avinash, additional, Zody, Michael Charles, additional, Foundation, Answer ALS, additional, Kaye, Julia, additional, Finkbeiner, Steven, additional, Wyman, Stacia, additional, Lenail, Alex, additional, Lima, Leandro, additional, Fraenkel, Ernest, additional, Svendsen, Clive N., additional, Thompson, Leslie M., additional, Van Eyk, Jennifer E., additional, Berry, James D., additional, Miller, Timothy M., additional, Kolb, Stephen J., additional, Cudkowicz, Merit, additional, Baxi, Emily, additional, Development (CReATe) Consortium, Clinical Research in ALS and Relate, additional, Benatar, Michael, additional, Taylor, J. Paul, additional, Rampersaud, Evadnie, additional, Wu, Gang, additional, Wuu, Joanne, additional, Consortium, SLAGEN, additional, Lauria, Giuseppe, additional, Verde, Federico, additional, Fogh, Isabella, additional, Tiloca, Cinzia, additional, Comi, Giacomo P., additional, Sorarù, Gianni, additional, Cereda, Cristina, additional, Consortium, French ALS, additional, Corcia, Philippe, additional, Laaksovirta, Hannu, additional, Myllykangas, Liisa, additional, Jansson, Lilja, additional, Valori, Miko, additional, Ealing, John, additional, Hamdallah, Hesham, additional, Rollinson, Sara, additional, Pickering-Brown, Stuart, additional, Orrell, Richard W., additional, Sidle, Katie C., additional, Malaspina, Andrea, additional, Hardy, John, additional, Singleton, Andrew B., additional, Johnson, Janel O., additional, Arepalli, Sampath, additional, Sapp, Peter C., additional, McKenna-Yasek, Diane, additional, Polak, Meraida, additional, Asress, Seneshaw, additional, Al-Sarraj, Safa, additional, King, Andrew, additional, Troakes, Claire, additional, Vance, Caroline, additional, Belleroche, Jacqueline de, additional, Baas, Frank, additional, Asbroek, Anneloor LMA ten, additional, Muñoz-Blanco, José Luis, additional, Hernandez, Dena G., additional, Ding, Jinhui, additional, Gibbs, J. Raphael, additional, Scholz, Sonja W., additional, Floeter, Mary Kay, additional, Campbell, Roy H., additional, Landi, Francesco, additional, Pulst, Stefan M., additional, Ravits, John M., additional, MacGowan, Daniel J. L., additional, Kirby, Janine, additional, Pioro, Erik, additional, Pamphlett, Roger, additional, Broach, James, additional, Gerhard, Glenn, additional, Dunckley, Travis L., additional, Brady, Christopher B., additional, Kowall, Neil W., additional, Troncoso, Juan C., additional, Le Ber, Isabelle, additional, Mouzat, Kevin, additional, Lumbroso, Serge, additional, Heiman-Patterson, Terry D., additional, Kamel, Freya, additional, Bosch, Ludo Van Den, additional, Baloh, Robert H., additional, Strom, Tim M., additional, Meitinger, Thomas, additional, Shatunov, Aleksey, additional, Van Eijk, Kristel R., additional, de Carvalho, Mamede, additional, Kooyman, Maarten, additional, Middelkoop, Bas, additional, Moisse, Matthieu, additional, McLaughlin, Russell L., additional, Van Es, Michael A., additional, Weber, Markus, additional, Boylan, Kevin B., additional, Van Blitterswijk, Marka, additional, Rademakers, Rosa, additional, Morrison, Karen E., additional, Basak, A. Nazli, additional, Mora, Jesús S., additional, Drory, Vivian E., additional, Shaw, Pamela J., additional, Turner, Martin R., additional, Talbot, Kevin, additional, Hardiman, Orla, additional, Williams, Kelly L., additional, Fifita, Jennifer A., additional, Nicholson, Garth A., additional, Blair, Ian P., additional, Rouleau, Guy A., additional, Esteban-Pérez, Jesús, additional, García-Redondo, Alberto, additional, Al-Chalabi, Ammar, additional, Rogaeva, Ekaterina, additional, Zinman, Lorne, additional, Ostrow, Lyle, additional, Maragakis, Nicholas J., additional, Rothstein, Jeffrey D., additional, Simmons, Zachary, additional, Cooper-Knock, Johnathan, additional, Brice, Alexis, additional, Goutman, Stephen A., additional, Feldman, Eva L., additional, Gibson, Summer B., additional, Taroni, Franco, additional, Ratti, Antonia, additional, Gellera, Cinzia, additional, Van Damme, Philip, additional, Robberecht, Wim, additional, Fratta, Pietro, additional, Sabatelli, Mario, additional, Lunetta, Christian, additional, Ludolph, Albert C., additional, Andersen, Peter M., additional, Weishaupt, Jochen H., additional, Camu, William, additional, Trojanowski, John Q., additional, Van Deerlin, Vivianna M., additional, Brown, Robert H., additional, van den Berg, Leonard H., additional, Veldink, Jan H., additional, Harms, Matthew B., additional, Glass, Jonathan D., additional, Stone, David J., additional, Tienari, Pentti, additional, Silani, Vincenzo, additional, Chiò, Adriano, additional, Shaw, Christopher E., additional, Traynor, Bryan J., additional, and Landers, John E., additional

Published
2018
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76. Military service, deployments, and exposures in relation to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis survival

Author

Beard, John D., primary, Engel, Lawrence S., additional, Richardson, David B., additional, Gammon, Marilie D., additional, Baird, Coleen, additional, Umbach, David M., additional, Allen, Kelli D., additional, Stanwyck, Catherine L., additional, Keller, Jean, additional, Sandler, Dale P., additional, Schmidt, Silke, additional, and Kamel, Freya, additional

Published
2017
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79. Assessing the Potential for Bias From Nonresponse to a Study Follow-up Interview: An Example From the Agricultural Health Study

Author

Rinsky, Jessica L., primary, Richardson, David B., additional, Wing, Steve, additional, Beard, John D., additional, Alavanja, Michael, additional, Beane Freeman, Laura E., additional, Chen, Honglei, additional, Henneberger, Paul K., additional, Kamel, Freya, additional, Sandler, Dale P., additional, and Hoppin, Jane A., additional

Published
2017
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81. Pesticide use and LINE-1 methylation among male private pesticide applicators in the Agricultural Health Study

Author

Alexander, Melannie, primary, Koutros, Stella, additional, Bonner, Matthew R., additional, Barry, Kathryn Hughes, additional, Alavanja, Michael C.R., additional, Andreotti, Gabriella, additional, Byun, Hyang-Min, additional, Chen, Ligong, additional, Beane Freeman, Laura E., additional, Hofmann, Jonathan N., additional, Kamel, Freya, additional, Moore, Lee E., additional, Baccarelli, Andrea, additional, and Rusiecki, Jennifer, additional

Published
2017
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84. High pesticide exposure events and DNA methylation among pesticide applicators in the agricultural health study

Author

Rusiecki, Jennifer A., primary, Beane Freeman, Laura E., additional, Bonner, Matthew R., additional, Alexander, Melannie, additional, Chen, Ligong, additional, Andreotti, Gabriella, additional, Barry, Kathryn H., additional, Moore, Lee E., additional, Byun, Hyang-Min, additional, Kamel, Freya, additional, Alavanja, Michael, additional, Hoppin, Jane A., additional, and Baccarelli, Andrea, additional

Published
2016
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85. Risk factors for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Author

Fang, Fang, Ingre,Caroline, Roos,Per, Kamel,Freya, and Piehl,Fredrik

Subjects
Clinical Epidemiology
Abstract

Caroline Ingre,1 Per M Roos,2 Fredrik Piehl,1 Freya Kamel,3 Fang Fang4 1Department of Clinical Neuroscience, 2Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; 3Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA; 4Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Abstract: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common motor neuron disease. It is typically fatal within 2–5 years of symptom onset. The incidence of ALS is largely uniform across most parts of the world, but an increasing ALS incidence during the last decades has been suggested. Although recent genetic studies have substantially improved our understanding of the causes of ALS, especially familial ALS, an important role of non-genetic factors in ALS is recognized and needs further study. In this review, we briefly discuss several major genetic contributors to ALS identified to date, followed by a more focused discussion on the most commonly examined non-genetic risk factors for ALS. We first review factors related to lifestyle choices, including smoking, intake of antioxidants, physical fitness, body mass index, and physical exercise, followed by factors related to occupational and environmental exposures, including electromagnetic fields, metals, pesticides, β-methylamino-L-alanine, and viral infection. Potential links between ALS and other medical conditions, including head trauma, metabolic diseases, cancer, and inflammatory diseases, are also discussed. Finally, we outline several future directions aiming to more efficiently examine the role of non-genetic risk factors in ALS. Keywords: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, risk factors, genetics, lifestyle, environment

Published
2015

89. Military service, deployments, and exposures in relation to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis etiology

Author

Beard, John D., primary, Engel, Lawrence S., additional, Richardson, David B., additional, Gammon, Marilie D., additional, Baird, Coleen, additional, Umbach, David M., additional, Allen, Kelli D., additional, Stanwyck, Catherine L., additional, Keller, Jean, additional, Sandler, Dale P., additional, Schmidt, Silke, additional, and Kamel, Freya, additional

Published
2016
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90. Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) and Parkinson's Disease (PD): Effect Modification by Membrane Transporter Variants (S32.004)

Author

Goldman, Samuel, primary, Kamel, Freya, additional, Meng, Chen, additional, Korell, Monica, additional, Comyns, Kathleen, additional, Umbach, David, additional, Hoppin, Jane, additional, Ross, G., additional, Marras, Connie, additional, Kasten, Meike, additional, Chade, Anabel, additional, Blair, Aaron, additional, and Tanner, Caroline, additional

Published
2016
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91. Risk factors for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Author

Ingre,Caroline, Roos,Per, Piehl,Fredrik, Kamel,Freya, Fang,Fang, Ingre,Caroline, Roos,Per, Piehl,Fredrik, Kamel,Freya, and Fang,Fang

Abstract

Caroline Ingre,1 Per M Roos,2 Fredrik Piehl,1 Freya Kamel,3 Fang Fang4 1Department of Clinical Neuroscience, 2Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; 3Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA; 4Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Abstract: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common motor neuron disease. It is typically fatal within 2–5 years of symptom onset. The incidence of ALS is largely uniform across most parts of the world, but an increasing ALS incidence during the last decades has been suggested. Although recent genetic studies have substantially improved our understanding of the causes of ALS, especially familial ALS, an important role of non-genetic factors in ALS is recognized and needs further study. In this review, we briefly discuss several major genetic contributors to ALS identified to date, followed by a more focused discussion on the most commonly examined non-genetic risk factors for ALS. We first review factors related to lifestyle choices, including smoking, intake of antioxidants, physical fitness, body mass index, and physical exercise, followed by factors related to occupational and environmental exposures, including electromagnetic fields, metals, pesticides, β-methylamino-L-alanine, and viral infection. Potential links between ALS and other medical conditions, including head trauma, metabolic diseases, cancer, and inflammatory diseases, are also discussed. Finally, we outline several future directions aiming to more efficiently examine the role of non-genetic risk factors in ALS. Keywords: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, risk factors, genetics, lifestyle, environment

Published
2015

93. Interaction Between HFE Polymorphisms and Cumulative Lead Exposure on the Risk of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Author

Grespin Matthew, Hu Howard, Kamel Freya, Eum Ki-Do, Weisskopf Marc G, Seals Ryan, Umbach David, and Sandler Dale

Subjects
Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Neurodegeneration, Case-control study, medicine.disease, Internal medicine, Lead exposure, medicine, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, business, Hemochromatosis, General Environmental Science
Abstract

Background We previously found an association between cumulative lead (Pb) exposure and risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Polymorphisms in the hemochromatosis (HFE) gene—involved in regu...

Published
2013

94. Central nervous system function and organophosphate insecticide use among pesticide applicators in the Agricultural Health Study

Author

Starks, Sarah E, Gerr, Fred, Kamel, Freya, Lynch, Charles F, Jones, Michael P, Alavanja, Michael C, Sandler, Dale P, and Hoppin, Jane A

Subjects
Male, Agriculture, Comorbidity, Middle Aged, Article, Organophosphates, Cohort Studies, Organophosphate Poisoning, Humans, Neurotoxicity Syndromes, Prospective Studies, Pesticides, Cognition Disorders, Aged
Abstract

Although persistent decrements in cognitive function have been observed among persons who have recovered from clinically overt organophosphate (OP) pesticide poisoning, little is known about the cognitive effects of chronic OP exposures that do not result in acute poisoning. To examine associations between long-term pesticide use and neurobehavioral (NB) function, NB tests were administered to licensed pesticide applicators enrolled in the Agricultural Health Study (AHS) in Iowa and North Carolina. Between 2006 and 2008, 701 male participants completed nine NB tests to assess memory, motor speed and coordination, sustained attention, verbal learning and visual scanning and processing. Data on ever-use and lifetime days of use of 16 OP pesticides were obtained from AHS interviews conducted before testing between 1993 and 2007 and during the NB visit. The mean age of participants was 61 years (SD=12). Associations between pesticide use and NB test performance were estimated with linear regression controlling for age and outcome-specific covariates. NB test performance was associated with lifetime days of use of some pesticides. Ethoprop was significantly associated with reduced performance on a test of motor speed and visual scanning. Malathion was significantly associated with poor performance on a test of visual scanning and processing. Conversely, we observed significantly better test performance for five OP pesticides. Specifically, chlorpyrifos, coumaphos, parathion, phorate, and tetrachlorvinphos were associated with better verbal learning and memory; coumaphos was associated with better performance on a test of motor speed and visual scanning; and parathion was associated with better performance on a test of sustained attention. Several associations varied by state. Overall, we found no consistent evidence of an association between OP pesticide use and adverse NB test performance among this older sample of pesticide applicators. Potential reasons for these mostly null results include a true absence of effect as well as possible selective participation by healthier applicators.

Published
2011

96. Protective glove use and hygiene habits modify the associations of specific pesticides with Parkinson's disease

Author

Furlong, Melissa, primary, Tanner, Caroline M., additional, Goldman, Samuel M., additional, Bhudhikanok, Grace S., additional, Blair, Aaron, additional, Chade, Anabel, additional, Comyns, Kathleen, additional, Hoppin, Jane A., additional, Kasten, Meike, additional, Korell, Monica, additional, Langston, J. William, additional, Marras, Connie, additional, Meng, Cheryl, additional, Richards, Marie, additional, Ross, G. Webster, additional, Umbach, David M., additional, Sandler, Dale P., additional, and Kamel, Freya, additional

Published
2015
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97. Hearing Loss among Licensed Pesticide Applicators in the Agricultural Health Study Running title: Hearing Loss among Licensed Pesticide Applicators

Author

Mac Crawford, J., Hoppin, Jane A., Alavanja, Michael C. R., Blair, Aaron, Sandler, Dale P., and Kamel, Freya

Subjects
Adult, Male, Commerce, Agriculture, Middle Aged, Health Surveys, Article, Organophosphates, Occupational Exposure, North Carolina, Odds Ratio, Humans, Pesticides, Hearing Loss, Licensure
Abstract

We evaluated self-reported hearing loss and pesticide exposure in licensed private pesticide applicators enrolled in the Agricultural Health Study in 1993 to 1997 in Iowa and North Carolina.Among 14,229 white male applicators in 1999 to 2003, 4926 reported hearing loss (35%). Logistic regression was performed with adjustment for state, age, and noise, solvents, and metals. We classified pesticides by lifetime days of use.Compared with no exposure, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for the highest quartile of exposure was 1.19 (1.04 to 1.35) for insecticides and 1.17 (1.03 to 1.31) for organophosphate insecticides. Odds of hearing loss were elevated for high pesticide exposure events (1.38, 1.25 to 1.54), pesticide-related doctor visits (1.38, 1.17 to 1.62) or hospitalization (1.81, 1.25 to 2.62), and diagnosed pesticide poisoning (1.75, 1.36 to 2.26).Although control for exposure to noise or other neurotoxicants was limited, this study extends previous reports suggesting that organophosphate exposure increases risk of hearing loss.

Published
2008

98. Genes and Environmental Exposures in Veterans with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: The GENEVA Study: Rationale, Study Design and Demographic Characteristics

Author

Schmidt, Silke, Allen, Kelli D., Loiacono, Valerie T., Norman, Barbara, Stanwyck, Catherine L., Nord, Kristina M., Williams, Christina D., Kasarskis, Edward J., Kamel, Freya, McGuire, Valerie, Nelson, Lorene M., and Oddone, Eugene Z.

Subjects
Adult, Male, Polymorphism, Genetic, Patient Selection, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Environmental Exposure, Middle Aged, humanities, United States, Risk Factors, Case-Control Studies, Methods in Neuroepidemiology, Humans, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Registries, health care economics and organizations, Aged, Veterans
Abstract

Recent reports of a potentially increased risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) for veterans deployed to the 1990-1991 Persian Gulf War prompted the Department of Veterans Affairs to establish a National Registry of Veterans with ALS, charged with the goal of enrolling all US veterans with a neurologist-confirmed diagnosis of ALS. The Genes and Environmental Exposures in Veterans with ALS study (GENEVA) is a case-control study presently enrolling cases from the Department of Veterans Affairs registry and a representative sample of veteran controls to evaluate the joint contributions of genetic susceptibility and environmental exposures to the risk of sporadic ALS. The GENEVA study design, recruitment strategies, methods of collecting DNA samples and environmental risk factor information are described here, along with a summary of demographic characteristics of the participants (537 cases, 292 controls) enrolled to date.

Published
2008

99. Protective Glove Use and Workplace Hygiene Practices Modify Associations between Pesticides and Parkinson's Disease

Author

Furlong*, Melissa, primary, Tanner, Caroline, additional, Goldman, Samuel, additional, Bhudhikanok, Grace, additional, Blair, Aaron, additional, Chade, Anabel, additional, Comyns, Kathleen, additional, Korell, Monica, additional, Hoppin, Jane, additional, Kasten, Meike, additional, Langston, J William, additional, Marras, Connie, additional, Meng, Cheryl, additional, Richards, Marie, additional, Ross, G Webster, additional, Umbach, David, additional, Sandler, Dale, additional, and Kamel, Freya, additional

Published
2014
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