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An environment friendly, high yielding, promising one-pot protocol for the click reaction of N-propargyl-3-formylindole 2(a–b), chloroacetic acid/ester 3(a–b) and sodium azide, leading to the formation of 3-formyl-indole clubbed 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazole derivatives 4(a–b), 5(a–b) and 6(a–f) aided by CuI catalyst accomplished under acceleration of simultaneous ultrasound and microwave irradiation in a very short reaction time has been described. Further, acid derivative 4(a–b) is subjected to acid–amine coupling reaction with secondary amine (p–t) in the presence of HATU to afford 6(p–t) and 7(p–t). The perspective of this protocol is to get rid of the hectic preparation and handling of organic azide which are generated in situ. Consequently, this protocol blossoms the click process by making it environment benign, user-friendly, safe and clean technique. All the synthesized compounds have been preliminarily screen for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against a panel of pathogenic strains. The majority of compounds possess noticeably inhibitory action against E. Coli, S. Typhi, P. Aeruginosa, C. tetani, S. aureus and B. subtillis. Among all compounds, 6p and 7q exhibit excellent inhibitory action against E.Coli and P. Aeruginosa strain, respectively, as compared to standard drug. One compound 5b shows remarkable potency against fungal strain. Molecular docking study was carried out to understand binding of compound with protein. In silico ADME prediction was carried out to check physicochemical properties of synthesized compound.

Computed tomography (CT) imaging is routinely obtained for diagnostics, especially in trauma and emergency rooms, often identifying incidental findings. We utilized a natural language processing (NLP) algorithm to quantify the incidence of clinically relevant pancreatic lesions in CT imaging.We utilized the electronic medical record to perform a retrospective chart review of adult patients admitted for trauma to a level 1 tertiary care center between 2010 and 2020 who underwent abdominal CT imaging. An open-source NLP software was used to identify patients with intrapapillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN), pancreatic cysts, pancreatic ductal dilation, or pancreatic masses after optimizing the algorithm using a test group of patients who underwent pancreatic surgery.The algorithm identified pancreatic lesions in 27 of 28 patients who underwent pancreatic surgery and excluded 1 patient who had a pure ampullary mass. The study cohort consisted of 18,769 patients who met our inclusion criteria admitted to the hospital. Of this population, 232 were found to have pancreatic lesions of interest. There were 48 (20.7%) patients with concern for IPMN, pancreatic cysts in 36 (15.5%), concerning masses in 30 (12.9%), traumatic findings in 44 (19.0%), pancreatitis in 41 (17.7%), and ductal abnormalities in 19 (18.2%) patients. Prior pancreatic surgery and other findings were identified in 14 (6.0%) patients.In this study, we propose a novel use of NLP software to identify potentially malignant pancreatic lesions annotated in CT imaging performed for other purposes. This methodology can significantly increase the screening and automated referral for the management of precancerous lesions.

Ten wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes are crossed in half diallel fashion. Components of gene effect revealed that most of the characters were governed by both additive and dominance gene effect across the environments with greater influence of dominance gene effect except for days to 50% heading, days to maturity and grain yield per main spike. The estimated ‘t2 ’ values were found significant for all the character except days to 50% heading, which indicates the failure of assumptions of diallel analysis. The over dominance behaviour was observed for days to 50% heading, days to maturity, no. of effective tillers per plant , length of main spike, no. of spikelets per main spike, no. of grains per main spike, grain yield per main spike and 1000 grain weight. The array points on the Wr-Vr graph expected to fall on the line of unity (450) and the value of regression “b” was unity for days to 50% heading and 1000 grain weight which revealed an absence of digenic interactions for these characters and rest of the characters had non-random distribution of genes at different loci among the parents and/ or presence of inter allelic interaction at different loci.

Background: The aim of this paper was to evaluate the thoracic manifestations associated with the Connective tissue disorders, with an emphasis on interstitial and airway disease pattern on the High Resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings. Subjects and Methods: The present study was conducted for a period of one year. A total of 50 patients with various connective tissue disorders having respiratory complaints were evaluated. Results: During the study period 50 patients (80%females and 20%males) underwent evaluation. Cough and dyspnea were the most common presenting symptoms. Variety of thoracic abnormalities weredetected in 67 (95%) cases. Most common abnormality detected on HRCT was interstitial fibrosis/interstitial lung disease present in (60%) cases. Most common parenchymal abnormalities seen were reticulations (61.4%), ground glass opacification (40%), mosaic attenuation (32.8%) and honeycombing (24.3%). Airway abnormalities seen were bronchiectasis (48.5%), emphysema (12.8%), and ground glass nodules (2.8%). Conclusion: Interstitial lung disease is the most common pulmonary manifestation among patients with connective tissue disorders, and early detection and prompt treatment is expected to improve the outcome.

211 Background: Receptor-Interacting Protein Kinase 2 (RIPK2) has been known to play a significant role in inflammation and anti-microbial response via the NF-KB pathway. Recently, RIPK2 was also shown to stabilize and activate c-Myc, a molecule implicated in the progression of various malignancies including prostate cancer (PCa). Our study aims to determine the prognostic value of RIPK2 expression in PCa using immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis of biopsy specimens with special focus on a predominantly African American (AA) cohort. Methods: Eligible patients aged ≥18 years diagnosed with PCa at the Washington DC VA Medical Center were randomly selected and retrospectively grouped into indolent, locally advanced, and metastatic disease categories and stratified by age, ethnicity, AJCC stage, PSA and Gleason score at diagnosis. Representative tissue from prostate core biopsy, transurethral resection, or radical prostatectomy was analyzed for each patient. RIPK2 expression and intensity were assessed by IHC and graded by two independent pathologists by the following scale: 0 (no cytoplasmic staining), 1+ (weak cytoplasmic staining similar to benign prostatic tissue), 2+ (moderate cytoplasmic staining), and 3+ (strong cytoplasmic staining). The primary endpoint was RIPK2 expression by disease group, and key secondary outcomes were RIPK2 association with Gleason score, PSA at diagnosis, age and race. Fisher’s exact test was used to evaluate statistical significance of the association between RIPK2 expression level and disease category. Results: A total of 89 patients were selected for analysis, of which 75 (84.3%) were AA. All tumors had at least 1+ level RIPK2 expression and there was a highly significant difference in RIPK2 expression according to disease severity (p < 0.001). Stratified RIPK2 expression was 1.53, 1.83, and 2.28 in the indolent, locally advanced, and metastatic groups respectively. We observed a significant directly proportional correlation between RIPK2 expression and a higher PSA level (p= 0.0021), Gleason score (p< 0.001), higher age (p= 0.0276), and AJCC stage (p< 0.001) at the time of diagnosis. Mean RIPK2 expression was 1.81 in AA patients and 2.15 in White patients (p= 0.0332). Conclusions: PCa is the most prevalent cancer in US males and there is an urgent need for more accurate biomarkers that can predict disease severity and suggest actionable targeted therapy. In this retrospective analysis, we confirm that higher RIPK2 expression is associated with more advanced PCa. We extend these findings to a predominantly AA cohort, which may promote improvements in personalized medicine for this population at higher risk for PCa if RIPK2-targeting drugs such as Ponatinib can be utilized.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of self-adhering flowable composite with that of a time-tested conventional flowable composite. Since the self-adhering composite reduces chair time and is convenient to use, its clinical behavior was monitored for a year.This study aimed to evaluate the clinical behavior of self-adhering flowable composite - Fusio Liquid Dentin - in small-sized Class I cavities and also to compare it with conventional flowable composite - Tetric N-Flow - bonded to the tooth structure with fifth-generation two-step-etch-and-rinse adhesive.A total of 60 cavities were restored using flowable composite materials (30 cavities in each group) and evaluated at baseline, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year with modified United States Public Health Service criteria. The statistical analysis for the study was done using Fisher's exact test for intergroup comparison and Chi-square test for intragroup comparison.Statistically no significant differences were observed in Fusio Liquid Dentin restorations during the recall visits. Statistically significant differences were found in color match evaluated for Tetric restorations during the recall visits.Based on the data acquired, the novel self-adhering composite material demonstrated good clinical behavior. As a result, at this point in the prospective clinical study, the use of Fusio Liquid Dentin to repair Class I cavities is acceptable.

The impact of prescription drug promotion on health-care professionals (HCPs) is significant. Pharmaceutical industry spending on promotion to HCPs greatly outpaces spending on direct-to-consumer promotion. According to Syneos Health™ PromotionalAnswers, in 2017, the pharmaceutical industry spent more than $24 billion on drug promotion, with more than $18.5 billion allotted for marketing to HCPs. Although prescription drug promotion can provide valuable information about drug therapies, it is essential that it be truthful, balanced, and not misleading, because HCPs may consider this information when making treatment decisions for their patients.

Aerosols encompass a wide range of products and applications ranging from simple topical and toiletry products to inhaled therapeutics for chronic conditions to deliver potent medications for local and systemic actions. The various modes of delivery include pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs), nebulized systems, and dry-powder inhalation (DPI) systems as well as intranasally delivered products. This chapter gives an account of different aerosolized systems w.r.t. the components, formulation, manufacturing, and characterization. The patient (human) factors to be considered, namely, the patient–device interface, important for successful therapy, and outcomes are also included.

An environment friendly, high yielding, promising one-pot protocol for the click reaction of N-propargyl-3-formylindole 2(a-b), chloroacetic acid/ester 3(a-b) and sodium azide, leading to the formation of 3-formyl-indole clubbed 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazole derivatives 4(a-b), 5(a-b) and 6(a-f) aided by CuI catalyst accomplished under acceleration of simultaneous ultrasound and microwave irradiation in a very short reaction time has been described. Further, acid derivative 4(a-b) is subjected to acid-amine coupling reaction with secondary amine (p-t) in the presence of HATU to afford 6(p-t) and 7(p-t). The perspective of this protocol is to get rid of the hectic preparation and handling of organic azide which are generated in situ. Consequently, this protocol blossoms the click process by making it environment benign, user-friendly, safe and clean technique. All the synthesized compounds have been preliminarily screen for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against a panel of pathogenic strains. The majority of compounds possess noticeably inhibitory action against E. Coli, S. Typhi, P. Aeruginosa, C. tetani, S. aureus and B. subtillis. Among all compounds, 6p and 7q exhibit excellent inhibitory action against E.Coli and P. Aeruginosa strain, respectively, as compared to standard drug. One compound 5b shows remarkable potency against fungal strain. Molecular docking study was carried out to understand binding of compound with protein. In silico ADME prediction was carried out to check physicochemical properties of synthesized compound.

Chlorpyrifos is an organophosphate pesticide used mainly in agriculture against the pests invading the crops. It becomes essential to degrade such pesticides that cause harm to the soil and the environmental biota. Pseudomonas putida is one of the nitrogen fixers found in the soil. In our study, we isolated and screened the chlorpyrifos degrading bacteria from pesticides contaminated agricultural soil. These bacterial isolates were identified and characterized by the VITEK® 2 Systems. The two isolates, namely J6 and J8, were identified based on their ability to grow at high concentrations of chlorpyrifos and used for further tests. The plant growth-promoting trains like production of Indole Acetic Acid, ammonia, protease, HCN, siderophore were analyzed. The phosphate solubilization ability and antimicrobial activities were also studied. A pot study of formulations prepared using J6 and J8 was conducted to examine the effects of these formulations on germination of seeds of Vigna radiata.

In each complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology generation, design of new device architectures at nanoscale regime becomes quite challenging task due to increased short channel effects (SCEs) and leakage current. A double-gate (DG) MOSFET is an alternative structure. To enhance the performance of DG MOSFET, gate stack (GS) and dual-material gate (DMG) with graded-channel (GC) concepts are amalgamated. Analytical surface potential modeling of GCGS DMDG MOSFET has been done by solving the two-dimensional (2D) Poisson’s equation with suitable boundary conditions. The surface potential profile of GCGS DMDG MOSFET shows a step variation at the interface of two materials. The electrical parameters drain induced barrier lowering (DIBL), sub-threshold swing (SS) and on-current to off-current $\left (\frac {I_{on}}{I_{off}}\right )$ ratio reveals that, DMDG shows a better performance over single-material (SM) DG MOSFET with all (Si3N4, HfO2 and Ta2O5) GS high-k dielectric configurations. An enhanced performance in GCGS DMDG is due to the fact of increased average carrier velocity, reduced drain field effect and leakage current. Further, analog/RF performance parameters such as transconductance (gm), transconductance generation factor (TGF), cut-off frequency (fT), transconductance generation frequency product (TGFP), gain frequency product (GFP) and gain transconductance frequency product (GTFP) are extracted and compared for both SMDG and DMDG MOSFET with HfO2 GS configuration. The efficacy of analytically modeled results is compared with numerically simulated results obtained from 2D ATLAS device simulator.

An efficient synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine derivatives of pyrazole in excellent yield over a short reaction time based on a microwave-assisted, one-pot three-component condensation reaction of pyrazole aldehyde clubbed with imidazole 4 and triazole 5 nuclei, (substituted-phenyl/hetero-aryl)ethanones 6(a–g), and 2-amino benzimidazole 7 in the presence of the strong base KOH is described. All the compounds were screened for their preliminary in vitro antimicrobial, antituberculosis and antimalarial activities against a panel of pathogenic strains. The majority of the compounds exhibited excellent inhibitory action against S. typhi, S. pneumoniae, B. subtilis, and C. tetani. Some of the compounds showed good antifungal activity and moderate antituberculosis activity as compared to first line drugs. Two of the compounds 8b and 9b exhibited excellent antimalarial activity against P. falciparum strains.

Sardine Sardinops sagax (Pappe, 1854) is an important forage species, in the northern Benguela Upwelling System (nBUS). Sardine was a key forage species of the pelagic component in the nBUS, but the population collapsed due to a combination of overfishing and ecosystem change and variability in the nBUS. Multiple predators depended on sardine as high-quality food at the time when it was abundant. This study reviewed the current knowledge of predators' diet pre- and post-collapse of the sardine population stock in the nBUS. Data were sourced from previous studies on the trophic interaction in the nBUS. The historical and contemporary diets of commercially exploited species that prey on sardine were found to be relatively well documented while there are data deficiencies for non-commercially exploited species including cetaceans, sharks and some non-commercially exploited fish species. Amongst the species most reliant on sardine as prey are African penguin Spheniscus demersus, Cape gannet Morus capensis, Cape cormorant Phalacrocorax capensis, Cape monkfish Lophius vomerinus, shallow-water hake Merluccius capensis, deep-water hake M. paradoxus, snoek Thyrsites atun, Albacore tuna Thunnus alalunga, Cape fur seal Arctocephalus pusillus, Common dolphins Delphinus delphis, Dusky dolphins Lagenorhynchus obscurus, Heaviside's dolphins Cephalorhynchus heavisidii, six gills shark Hexanchus griseus, copper sharks Carcharhinus brachyurus, school shark Galeorhinus galeus and pelagic sharks Prionace glauca. Some predatory species such as the African penguin, Cape cormorant, Cape gannet, and school shark, are considered endangered as per the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List criteria. Populations of Albacore tuna and Cape monkfish are near threatened, while Cape fur seals, common dolphins, and shallow-water hake are considered the least concerned on the IUCN list. Although the collapse of sardine has affected the food webs it has not resulted in collapse, rather there have been changes. Three prey species; bearded goby, Cape horse mackerel, and jellyfish, were identified as alternative prey for some of the predators that previously fed on sardine. This review showed how overexploitation of sardine could have had far-reaching effects on the nBUS through feeding linkages. Goby, although a low-quality prey, is a successful substitute for sardine probably mostly due to its high abundance, tolerance to low oxygen and ability to thrive in warm waters. However, further studies are needed to establish the strength of the ecological linkages of the prey species that replaced sardine in the diets of the predators.

Mastocytosis is a heterogeneous group of disorder characterized by abnormal growth and accumulation of mast cells in skin and other organs such as bones, gastrointestinal tract, liver, spleen and lymph node. A 3 months old male child, presented with multiple, discrete, reddish, papulo-nodular lesions all over body which became more prominent and itchy after a warm bath and crying. Darrier sign was positive and systemic examination was normal. SCORMA index was calculated. Skin biopsy was suggestive of Langherans cell histiocytosis. Immuno- histochemistry profile was positive for CD68, Vimentin, LCA and CD117. This condition needs high index of suspicion and should be differentiated from other causes of urticaria. It is a benign condition, but parental counselling and avoidance of trigger factors is essential. It is imperative to rule out malignancy and systemic complications in a case of cutaneous mastocytosis.