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54. Computer model calibration with large non-stationary spatial outputs: application to the calibration of a climate model

Author

Chang, Kai-Lan and Guillas, Serge

Subjects
Statistics - Methodology
Abstract

Bayesian calibration of computer models tunes unknown input parameters by comparing outputs with observations. For model outputs that are distributed over space, this becomes computationally expensive because of the output size. To overcome this challenge, we employ a basis representation of the model outputs and observations: we match these decompositions to carry out the calibration efficiently. In the second step, we incorporate the non-stationary behaviour, in terms of spatial variations of both variance and correlations, in the calibration. We insert two integrated nested Laplace approximation-stochastic partial differential equation parameters into the calibration. A synthetic example and a climate model illustration highlight the benefits of our approach.

Published
2016
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64. Tropical tropospheric ozone distribution and trends from in situ and satellite data

Author

Gaudel, Audrey, primary, Bourgeois, Ilann, additional, Li, Meng, additional, Chang, Kai-Lan, additional, Ziemke, Jerald, additional, Sauvage, Bastien, additional, Stauffer, Ryan M., additional, Thompson, Anne M., additional, Kollonige, Debra E., additional, Smith, Nadia, additional, Hubert, Daan, additional, Keppens, Arno, additional, Cuesta, Juan, additional, Heue, Klaus-Peter, additional, Veefkind, Pepijn, additional, Aikin, Kenneth, additional, Peischl, Jeff, additional, Thompson, Chelsea R., additional, Ryerson, Thomas B., additional, Frost, Gregory J., additional, McDonald, Brian C., additional, and Cooper, Owen R., additional

Published
2024
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65. Supplementary material to "Tropical tropospheric ozone distribution and trends from in situ and satellite data"

Author

Gaudel, Audrey, primary, Bourgeois, Ilann, additional, Li, Meng, additional, Chang, Kai-Lan, additional, Ziemke, Jerald, additional, Sauvage, Bastien, additional, Stauffer, Ryan M., additional, Thompson, Anne M., additional, Kollonige, Debra E., additional, Smith, Nadia, additional, Hubert, Daan, additional, Keppens, Arno, additional, Cuesta, Juan, additional, Heue, Klaus-Peter, additional, Veefkind, Pepijn, additional, Aikin, Kenneth, additional, Peischl, Jeff, additional, Thompson, Chelsea R., additional, Ryerson, Thomas B., additional, Frost, Gregory J., additional, McDonald, Brian C., additional, and Cooper, Owen R., additional

Published
2024
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77. A pause in Southern Hemisphere circulation trends due to the Montreal Protocol

Author

Banerjee, Antara, Fyfe, John C., Polvani, Lorenzo M., Waugh, Darryn, and Chang, Kai-Lan

Subjects
Atmospheric ozone -- Observations, Human beings -- Influence on nature, Tropospheric circulation -- Observations, Ozone layer depletion -- Environmental aspects, Antarctic Oscillation -- Observations, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation, Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer
Abstract

Observations show robust near-surface trends in Southern Hemisphere tropospheric circulation towards the end of the twentieth century, including a poleward shift in the mid-latitude jet.sup.1,2, a positive trend in the Southern Annular Mode.sup.1,3-6 and an expansion of the Hadley cell.sup.7,8. It has been established that these trends were driven by ozone depletion in the Antarctic stratosphere due to emissions of ozone-depleting substances.sup.9-11. Here we show that these widely reported circulation trends paused, or slightly reversed, around the year 2000. Using a pattern-based detection and attribution analysis of atmospheric zonal wind, we show that the pause in circulation trends is forced by human activities, and has not occurred owing only to internal or natural variability of the climate system. Furthermore, we demonstrate that stratospheric ozone recovery, resulting from the Montreal Protocol, is the key driver of the pause. Because pre-2000 circulation trends have affected precipitation.sup.12-14, and potentially ocean circulation and salinity.sup.15-17, we anticipate that a pause in these trends will have wider impacts on the Earth system. Signatures of the effects of the Montreal Protocol and the associated stratospheric ozone recovery might therefore manifest, or have already manifested, in other aspects of the Earth system. The recovery of stratospheric ozone in the Southern Hemisphere in the wake of the Montreal Protocol is driving a pause in atmospheric circulation trends that warrants closer scrutiny across the Earth system., Author(s): Antara Banerjee [sup.1] [sup.2] , John C. Fyfe [sup.3] , Lorenzo M. Polvani [sup.4] , Darryn Waugh [sup.5] [sup.6] , Kai-Lan Chang [sup.1] [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) Cooperative Institute [...]

Published
2020
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78. Impact of the COVID‐19 Economic Downturn on Tropospheric Ozone Trends: An Uncertainty Weighted Data Synthesis for Quantifying Regional Anomalies Above Western North America and Europe

Author

Kai‐Lan Chang, Owen R. Cooper, Audrey Gaudel, Marc Allaart, Gerard Ancellet, Hannah Clark, Sophie Godin‐Beekmann, Thierry Leblanc, Roeland Van Malderen, Philippe Nédélec, Irina Petropavlovskikh, Wolfgang Steinbrecht, René Stübi, David W. Tarasick, and Carlos Torres

Published
2022
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81. Trend Detection of Atmospheric Time Series: Incorporating Appropriate Uncertainty Estimates and Handling Extreme Events

Author

Kai-Lan Chang, Martin G Schultz, Xin Lan, Audra McClure-Begley, Irina Petropavlovskikh, Xiaobin Xu, and Jerry R Ziemke

Subjects
Geophysics
Abstract

This paper is aimed at atmospheric scientists without formal training in statistical theory. Its goal is to, 1) provide a critical review of the rationale for trend analysis of the time series typically encountered in the field of atmospheric chemistry; 2) describe a range of trend-detection methods; and 3) demonstrate effective means of conveying the results to a general audience. Trend detections in atmospheric chemical composition data are often challenged by a variety of sources of uncertainty, which often behave differently to other environmental phenomena such as temperature, precipitation rate, or stream flow, and may require specific methods depending on the science questions to be addressed. Some sources of uncertainty can be explicitly included in the model specification, such as autocorrelation and seasonality, but some inherent uncertainties are difficult to quantify, such as data heterogeneity and measurement uncertainty due to the combined effect of short- and long-term natural variability, instrumental stability, and aggregation of data from sparse sampling frequency. Failure to account for these uncertainties might result in an inappropriate inference of the trends and their estimation errors. On the other hand, the variation in extreme events might be interesting for different scientific questions, for example, the frequency of extremely high surface ozone events and their relevance to human health. In this study we aim to, 1) review trend detection methods for addressing different levels of data complexity in different chemical species; 2) demonstrate that the incorporation of scientifically interpretable covariates can outperform pure numerical curve fitting techniques in terms of uncertainty reduction and improved predictability; 3) illustrate the study of trends based on extreme quantiles that can provide insight beyond standard mean or median based trend estimates; and 4) present an advanced method of quantifying regional trends based on the inter-site correlations of multi-site data. All demonstrations are based on time series of observed trace gases relevant to atmospheric chemistry, but the methods can be applied to other environmental data sets.

Published
2021
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82. Technical note: Challenges in detecting free tropospheric ozone trends in a sparsely sampled environment.

Author

Chang, Kai-Lan, Cooper, Owen R., Gaudel, Audrey, Petropavlovskikh, Irina, Effertz, Peter, Morris, Gary, and McDonald, Brian C.

Subjects
TROPOSPHERIC ozone, INFERENTIAL statistics, SAMPLING errors, TIME series analysis, OZONE, TROPOSPHERE
Abstract

High-quality long-term observational records are essential to ensure appropriate and reliable trend detection of tropospheric ozone. However, the necessity of maintaining high sampling frequency, in addition to continuity, is often under-appreciated. A common assumption is that, so long as long-term records (e.g., a span of a few decades) are available, (1) the estimated trends are accurate and precise, and (2) the impact of small-scale variability (e.g., weather) can be eliminated. In this study, we show that the undercoverage bias (e.g., a type of sampling error resulting from statistical inference based on sparse or insufficient samples, such as once-per-week sampling frequency) can persistently reduce the trend accuracy of free tropospheric ozone, even if multi-decadal time series are considered. We use over 40 years of nighttime ozone observations measured at Mauna Loa, Hawaii (representative of the lower free troposphere), to make this demonstration and quantify the bias in monthly means and trends under different sampling strategies. We also show that short-term meteorological variability remains a cause of an inflated long-term trend uncertainty. To improve the trend precision and accuracy due to sampling bias, two remedies are proposed: (1) a data variability attribution of colocated meteorological influence can efficiently reduce estimation uncertainty and moderately reduce the impact of sparse sampling, and (2) an adaptive sampling strategy based on anomaly detection enables us to greatly reduce the sampling bias and produce more accurate trends using fewer samples compared to an intense regular sampling strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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85. Introduction

Author

Boyer, Tim, primary, Bartow-Gillies, Ellen, additional, Abida, A., additional, Ades, Melanie, additional, Adler, Robert, additional, Adusumilli, Susheel, additional, Agyakwah, W., additional, Ahmasuk, Brandon, additional, Aldeco, Laura S., additional, Alexe, Mihai, additional, Alfaro, Eric J., additional, Allan, Richard P., additional, Allgood, Adam, additional, Alves, Lincoln. M., additional, Amador, Jorge A., additional, Anderson, John, additional, Andrade, B., additional, Anneville, Orlane, additional, Aono, Yasuyuki, additional, Arguez, Anthony, additional, Arosio, Carlo, additional, Atkinson, C., additional, Augustine, John A., additional, Avalos, Grinia, additional, Azorin-Molina, Cesar, additional, Backensto, Stacia A., additional, Bader, Stephan, additional, Baez, Julian, additional, Baiman, Rebecca, additional, Ballinger, Thomas J., additional, Banwell, Alison F., additional, Bardin, M. Yu, additional, Barichivich, Jonathan, additional, Barnes, John E., additional, Barreira, Sandra, additional, Beadling, Rebecca L., additional, Beck, Hylke E., additional, Becker, Emily J., additional, Bekele, E., additional, Bellido, Guillem Martín, additional, Bellouin, Nicolas, additional, Benedetti, Angela, additional, Benestad, Rasmus, additional, Berne, Christine, additional, Berner, Logan. T., additional, Bernhard, Germar H., additional, Bhatt, Uma S., additional, Bhuiyan, A. E., additional, Bigalke, Siiri, additional, Biló, Tiago, additional, Bissolli, Peter, additional, Bjerke Jarle, W., additional, Blagrave, Kevin, additional, Blake, Eric S., additional, Blenkinsop, Stephen, additional, Blunden, Jessica, additional, Bochníček, Oliver, additional, Bock, Olivier, additional, Bodenstein, Barbara, additional, Bodin, Xavier, additional, Bosilovich, Michael, additional, Boucher, Olivier, additional, Bozkurt, Deniz, additional, Brettschneider, Brian, additional, Bringas, Francis G., additional, Bringas, Francis, additional, Buechler, Dennis, additional, Buehler, Stefan A., additional, Bukunt, Brandon, additional, Calderón, Blanca, additional, Camargo, Suzana J., additional, Campbell, Jayaka, additional, Campos, Diego, additional, Carrea, Laura, additional, Carter, Brendan R., additional, Cetinić, Ivona, additional, Chambers, Don P., additional, Chan, Duo, additional, Chandler, Elise, additional, Chang, Kai-Lan, additional, Chen, Hua, additional, Chen, Lin, additional, Cheng, Lijing, additional, Cheng, Vincent Y. S., additional, Chomiak, Leah, additional, Christiansen, Hanne H., additional, Christy, John R., additional, Chung, Eui-Seok, additional, Ciasto, Laura M., additional, Clarke, Leonardo, additional, Clem, Kyle R., additional, Clingan, Scott, additional, Coelho, Caio A.S., additional, Cohen, Judah L., additional, Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie, additional, Colwell, Steve, additional, Cooper, Owen R., additional, Cornes, Richard C., additional, Correa, Kris, additional, Costa, Felipe, additional, Covey, Curt, additional, Coy, Lawrence, additional, Créatux, Jean-François, additional, Crhova, Lenka, additional, Crimmins, Theresa, additional, Cronin, Meghan F., additional, Cropper, Thomas, additional, Crotwell, Molly, additional, Culpepper, Joshua, additional, Cunha, Ana P., additional, Cusicanqui, Diego, additional, Datta, Rajashree T., additional, Davis, Sean M., additional, De Bock, Veerle, additional, de Jeu, Richard A. M., additional, De Laat, Jos, additional, Decharme, Bertrand, additional, Degenstein, Doug, additional, Delaloye, Reynald, additional, Demircan, Mesut, additional, Derksen, Chris, additional, Deus, Ricardo, additional, Dhurmea, K. R., additional, Diamond, Howard J., additional, Dirkse, S., additional, Divine, Dmitry, additional, Dokulil, Martin T., additional, Donat, Markus G., additional, Dong, Shenfu, additional, Dorigo, Wouter A., additional, Drost Jensen, Caroline, additional, Druckenmiller, Matthew L., additional, Drumond, Paula, additional, du Plessis, Marcel, additional, Dugan, Hilary A., additional, Dulamsuren, Dashkhuu, additional, Dunmire, Devon, additional, Dunn, Robert J. H., additional, Durre, Imke, additional, Dusek, Robert, additional, Dutton, Geoff, additional, Duveiller, Gregory, additional, Ekici, Mithat, additional, Elias Chereque, Alesksandra, additional, ElKharrim, M., additional, Epstein, Howard E., additional, Espinoza, Jhan-Carlo, additional, Estilow, Thomas W., additional, Estrella, Nicole, additional, Fauchereau, Nicolas, additional, Fausto, Robert S., additional, Feely, Richard A., additional, Fenimore, Chris, additional, Fereday, David, additional, Fettweis, Xavier, additional, Fioletov, vitali E., additional, Flemming, Johannes, additional, Fogarty, Chris, additional, Fogt, Ryan L., additional, Forbes, Bruce C., additional, Foster, Michael J., additional, Franz, Bryan A., additional, Freeman, Natalie M., additional, Fricker, Helen A., additional, Frith, Stacey M., additional, Froidevaux, Lucien, additional, Frost, Gerald V. (JJ), additional, Fuhrman, Steven, additional, Füllekrug, Martin, additional, Ganter, Catherine, additional, Gao, Meng, additional, Gardner, Alex S., additional, Garforth, Judith, additional, Garg, Jay, additional, Gerland, Sebastian, additional, Gibbes, Badin, additional, Gille, Sarah T., additional, Gilson, John, additional, Gleason, Karin, additional, Gobron, Nadine, additional, Goetz, Scott J., additional, Goldenberg, Stanley B., additional, Goni, Gustavo, additional, Goodman, Steven, additional, Goto, Atsushi, additional, Grooß, Jens-Uwe, additional, Gruber, Alexander, additional, Gu, Guojun, additional, Guard, Charles “Chip” P., additional, Hagos, S., additional, Hahn, Sebastian, additional, Haimberger, Leopold, additional, Hall, Bradley D., additional, Hamlington, Benjamin D., additional, Hanna, Edward, additional, Hanssen-Bauer, Inger, additional, Harnos, Daniel S., additional, Harris, Ian, additional, He, Qiong, additional, Heim, Richard R., additional, Hellström, Sverker, additional, Hemming, Deborah L., additional, Hendricks, Stefan, additional, Hicks, J., additional, Hidalgo, Hugo G., additional, Hirschi, Martin, additional, Ho, Shu-peng (Ben), additional, Hobbs, W., additional, Holmes, Robert M., additional, Holzworth, Robert, additional, Hrbáček, Filip, additional, Hu, Guojie, additional, Hu, Zeng-Zhen, additional, Huang, Boyin, additional, Huang, Hongjie, additional, Hurst, Dale F., additional, Ialongo, Iolanda, additional, Inness, Antje, additional, Isaksen, Ketil, additional, Ishii, Masayoshi, additional, Jadra, Gerardo, additional, Jevrejeva, Svetlana, additional, John, Viju O., additional, Johns, W., additional, Johnsen, Bjørn, additional, Johnson, Bryan, additional, Johnson, Gregory C., additional, Jones, Philip D., additional, Jones, Timothy, additional, Josey, Simon A., additional, Jumaux, G., additional, Junod, Robert, additional, Kääb, Andreas, additional, Kabidi, K., additional, Kaiser, Johannes W., additional, Kaler, Robb S.A., additional, Kaleschke, Lars, additional, Kaufmann, Viktor, additional, Kazemi, Amin Fazl, additional, Keller, Linda M., additional, Kellerer-Pirklbauer, Andreas, additional, Kendon, Mike, additional, Kennedy, John, additional, Kent, Elizabeth C., additional, Kerr, Kenneth, additional, Khan, Valentina, additional, Khiem, Mai Van, additional, Kidd, Richard, additional, Kim, Mi Ju, additional, Kim, Seong-Joong, additional, Kipling, Zak, additional, Klotzbach, Philip J., additional, Knaff, John A., additional, Koppa, Akash, additional, Korshunova, Natalia N., additional, Kraemer, Benjamin M., additional, Kramarova, Natalya A., additional, Kruger, A. C., additional, Kruger, Andries, additional, Kumar, Arun, additional, L’Heureux, Michelle, additional, La Fuente, Sofia, additional, Laas, Alo, additional, Labe, Zachary M., additional, Lader, Rick, additional, Lakatos, Mónika, additional, Lakkala, Kaisa, additional, Lam, Hoang Phuc, additional, Lan, Xin, additional, Landschützer, Peter, additional, Landsea, Chris W., additional, Lang, Timothy, additional, Lankhorst, Matthias, additional, Lantz, Kathleen O., additional, Lara, Mark J., additional, Lavado-Casimiro, Waldo, additional, Lavers, David A., additional, Lazzara, Matthew A., additional, Leblanc, Thierry, additional, Lee, Tsz-Cheung, additional, Leibensperger, Eric M., additional, Lennard, Chris, additional, Leuliette, Eric, additional, Leung, Kinson H. Y., additional, Lieser, Jan L., additional, Likso, Tanja, additional, Lin, I-I., additional, Lindsey, Jackie, additional, Liu, Yakun, additional, Locarnini, Ricardo, additional, Loeb, Norman G., additional, Loomis, Bryant D., additional, Lorrey, Andrew M., additional, Loyola, Diego, additional, Lu, Rui, additional, Lumpkin, Rick, additional, Luo, Jing-Jia, additional, Luojus, Kari, additional, Lyman, John M., additional, Maberly, Stephen C., additional, Macander, Matthew J., additional, MacFerrin, Michael, additional, MacGilchrist, Graeme A., additional, MacLennan, Michelle L., additional, Madelon, Remi, additional, Magee, Andrew D., additional, Magnin, Florence, additional, Mamen, Jostein, additional, Mankoff, Ken D., additional, Manney, Gloria L., additional, Marcinonienė, Izolda, additional, Marengo, Jose A., additional, Marjan, Mohammadi, additional, Martínez, Ana E., additional, Massom, Robert A., additional, Matsuzaki, Shin-Ichiro, additional, May, Linda, additional, Mayer, Michael, additional, Mazloff, Matthew R., additional, McAfee, Stephanie A., additional, McBride, C., additional, McCabe, Matthew F., additional, McClelland, James W., additional, McPhaden, Michael J., additional, Mcvicar, Tim R., additional, Mears, Carl A., additional, Meier, Walter N., additional, Mekonnen, A., additional, Menzel, Annette, additional, Merchant, Christopher J., additional, Merrifield, Mark A., additional, Meyer, Michael F., additional, Meyers, Tristan, additional, Mikolajczyk, David E., additional, Miller, John B., additional, Miralles, Diego G., additional, Misevicius, Noelia, additional, Mishonov, Alexey, additional, Mitchum, Gary T., additional, Moat, Ben I., additional, Moesinger, Leander, additional, Moise, Aurel, additional, Molina-Carpio, Jorge, additional, Monet, Ghislaine, additional, Montzka, Stephan A., additional, Moon, Twila A., additional, Moore, G. W. K., additional, Mora, Natali, additional, Morán, Johnny, additional, Morehen, Claire, additional, Morice, Colin, additional, Mostafa, A. E., additional, Mote, Thomas L., additional, Mrekaj, Ivan, additional, Mudryk, Lawrence, additional, Mühle, Jens, additional, Müller, Rolf, additional, Nance, David, additional, Nash, Eric R., additional, Nerem, R. Steven, additional, Newman, Paul A., additional, Nicolas, Julien P., additional, Nieto, Juan J., additional, Noetzli, Jeannette, additional, Noll, Ben, additional, Norton, Taylor, additional, Nyland, Kelsey E., additional, O’Keefe, John, additional, Ochwat, Naomi, additional, Oikawa, Yoshinori, additional, Okunaka, Yuka, additional, Osborn, Timothy J., additional, Overland, James E., additional, Park, Taejin, additional, Parrington, Mark, additional, Parrish, Julia K., additional, Pasch, Richard J., additional, Pascual Ramírez, Reynaldo, additional, Pellet, Cécile, additional, Pelto, Mauri S., additional, Perčec Tadić, Melita, additional, Perovich, Donald K., additional, Petersen, Guðrún Nína, additional, Petersen, Kyle, additional, Petropavlovskikh, Irina, additional, Petty, Alek, additional, Pezza, Alexandre B., additional, Pezzi, Luciano P., additional, Phillips, Coda, additional, Phoenix, Gareth K., additional, Pierson, Don, additional, Pinto, Izidine, additional, Pires, Vanda, additional, Pitts, Michael, additional, Po-Chedley, Stephen, additional, Pogliotti, Paolo, additional, Poinar, Kristin, additional, Polvani, Lorenzo, additional, Preimesberger, Wolfgang, additional, Price, Colin, additional, Pulkkanen, Merja, additional, Purkey, Sarah G., additional, Qiu, Bo, additional, Quisbert, Kenny, additional, Quispe, Willy R., additional, Rajeevan, M., additional, Ramos, Andrea M., additional, Randel, William J., additional, Rantanen, Mika, additional, Raphael, Marilyn N., additional, Reagan, James, additional, Recalde, Cristina, additional, Reid, Phillip, additional, Rémy, Samuel, additional, Reyes Kohler, Alejandra J., additional, Ricciardulli, Lucrezia, additional, Richardson, Andrew D., additional, Ricker, Robert, additional, Robinson, David A., additional, Robjhon, M., additional, Rocha, Willy, additional, Rodell, Matthew, additional, Rodriguez Guisado, Esteban, additional, Rodriguez-Fernandez, Nemesio, additional, Romanovsky, Vladimir E., additional, Ronchail, Josyane, additional, Rosencrans, Matthew, additional, Rosenlof, Karen H., additional, Rösner, Benjamin, additional, Rösner, Henrieke, additional, Rozanov, Alexei, additional, Rozkošný, Jozef, additional, Rubek, Frans, additional, Rusanovskaya, Olga O., additional, Rutishauser, This, additional, Sabeerali, C. T., additional, Salinas, Roberto, additional, Sánchez-Lugo, Ahira, additional, Santee, Michelle L., additional, Santini, Marcelo, additional, Sato, Katsunari, additional, Sawaengphokhai, Parnchai, additional, Sayouri, A., additional, Scambos, Theodore, additional, Schenzinger, Verena, additional, Schimanke, Semjon, additional, Schlegel, Robert W., additional, Schmid, Claudia, additional, Schmid, Martin, additional, Schneider, Udo, additional, Schreck, Carl J., additional, Schultz, Cristina, additional, _, _, additional, Segele, Z. T., additional, Sensoy, Serhat, additional, Serbin, Shawn P., additional, Serreze, Mark C., additional, Setiawan, Amsari Mudzakir, additional, Sezaki, Fumi, additional, Sharma, Sapna, additional, Sharp, Jonathan D., additional, Sheffield, Gay, additional, Shi, Jia-Rui, additional, Shi, Lei, additional, Shiklomanov, Alexander I., additional, Shiklomanov, Nikolay I., additional, Shimaraeva, Svetlana V., additional, Shukla, R., additional, Siegel, David A., additional, Silow, Eugene A., additional, Sima, F., additional, Simmons, Adrian J., additional, Smeed, David A., additional, Smith, Adam, additional, Smith, Matthew M., additional, Smith, Sharon L., additional, Soden, Brian J., additional, Sofieva, Viktoria, additional, Souza, Everaldo, additional, Sparks, Tim H., additional, Spence-Hemmings, Jacqueline, additional, Spencer, Robert G. M., additional, Spillane, Sandra, additional, Sreejith, O. P., additional, Srivastava, A. K., additional, Stackhouse, Paul W., additional, Stammerjohn, Sharon, additional, Stauffer, Ryan, additional, Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, additional, Steiner, Andrea K., additional, Stella, Jose L., additional, Stephenson, Tannecia S., additional, Stradiotti, Pietro, additional, Strahan, Susan E., additional, Streletskiy, Dmitry A., additional, Surendran, Divya E., additional, Suslova, Anya, additional, Svendby, Tove, additional, Sweet, William, additional, Takahashi, Kiyotoshi, additional, Takemura, Kazuto, additional, Tank, Suzanne E., additional, Taylor, Michael A., additional, Tedesco, Marco, additional, Thackeray, Stephen J., additional, Thiaw, W. M., additional, Thibert, Emmanuel, additional, Thoman, Richard L., additional, Thompson, Andrew F., additional, Thompson, Philip R., additional, Tian-Kunze, Xiangshan, additional, Timmermans, Mary-Louise, additional, Timofeyev, Maxim A., additional, Tobin, Skie, additional, Tømmervik, Hans, additional, Tourpali, Kleareti, additional, Trescilo, Lidia, additional, Tretiakov, Mikhail, additional, Trewin, Blair C., additional, Triñanes, Joaquin A., additional, Trotman, Adrian, additional, Truchelut, Ryan E., additional, Trusel, Luke D., additional, Tye, Mari R., additional, van der A, Ronald, additional, van der Schalie, Robin, additional, van der Schrier, Gerard, additional, Van Hemert, Caroline, additional, Van Meerbeeck, Cedric J., additional, van vliet, Arnold J.H., additional, Vazife, Ahad, additional, Verburg, Piet, additional, Vernier, Jean-Paul, additional, Vimont, Isaac J., additional, Virts, Katrina, additional, Vivero, Sebastián, additional, Volkov, Denis L., additional, Vömel, Holger, additional, Vose, Russell S., additional, Walker, Donald (Skip) A., additional, Walsh, John E., additional, Wang, Bin, additional, Wang, Hui, additional, Wang, Muyin, additional, Wang, Ray H. J., additional, Wang, Xinyue, additional, Wanninkhof, Rik, additional, Warnock, Taran, additional, Weber, Mark, additional, Webster, Melinda, additional, Wehrlé, Adrian, additional, Wen, Caihong, additional, Westberry, Toby K., additional, Widlansky, Matthew J., additional, Wiese, David N., additional, Wild, Jeannette D., additional, Wille, Jonathan D., additional, Willems, An, additional, Willett, Kate M., additional, Williams, Earle, additional, Willis, J., additional, Wong, Takmeng, additional, Wood, Kimberly M., additional, Woolway, Richard Iestyn, additional, Xie, Ping-Ping, additional, Yang, Daqing, additional, Yin, Xungang, additional, Yin, Ziqi, additional, Zeng, Zhenzhong, additional, Zhang, Huai-min, additional, Zhang, Li, additional, Zhang, Peiqun, additional, Zhao, Lin, additional, Zhou, Xinjia, additional, Zhu, Zhiwei, additional, Ziemke, Jerry R., additional, Ziese, Markus, additional, Zolkos, Scott, additional, Zotta, Ruxandra M., additional, Zou, Cheng-Zhi, additional, Allen, Jessicca, additional, Camper, Amy V., additional, Haley, Bridgette O., additional, Hammer, Gregory, additional, Love-Brotak, S. Elizabeth, additional, Ohlmann, Laura, additional, Noguchi, Lukas, additional, Riddle, Deborah B., additional, and Veasey, Sara W., additional

Published
2023
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86. Global Climate

Author

Dunn, Robert J. H., primary, Miller, John B., additional, Willett, Kate M., additional, Gobron, Nadine, additional, Ades, Melanie, additional, Adler, Robert, additional, Alexe, Mihai, additional, Allan, Richard P., additional, Anderson, John, additional, Anneville, Orlane, additional, Aono, Yasuyuki, additional, Arguez, Anthony, additional, Arosio, Carlo, additional, Augustine, John A., additional, Azorin-Molina, Cesar, additional, Barichivich, Jonathan, additional, Barnes, John E., additional, Beck, Hylke E., additional, Bellouin, Nicolas, additional, Benedetti, Angela, additional, Blagrave, Kevin, additional, Blenkinsop, Stephen, additional, Bock, Olivier, additional, Bodin, Xavier, additional, Bosilovich, Michael, additional, Boucher, Olivier, additional, Buechler, Dennis, additional, Buehler, Stefan A., additional, Campos, Diego, additional, Carrea, Laura, additional, Chang, Kai-Lan, additional, Christiansen, Hanne H., additional, Christy, John R., additional, Chung, Eui-Seok, additional, Ciasto, Laura M., additional, Clingan, Scott, additional, Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie, additional, Cooper, Owen R., additional, Cornes, Richard C., additional, Covey, Curt, additional, Créatux, Jean-François, additional, Crimmins, Theresa, additional, Cropper, Thomas, additional, Crotwell, Molly, additional, Culpepper, Joshua, additional, Cusicanqui, Diego, additional, Davis, Sean M., additional, de Jeu, Richard A. M., additional, Degenstein, Doug, additional, Delaloye, Reynald, additional, Dokulil, Martin T., additional, Donat, Markus G., additional, Dorigo, Wouter A., additional, Dugan, Hilary A., additional, Durre, Imke, additional, Dutton, Geoff, additional, Duveiller, Gregory, additional, Estilow, Thomas W., additional, Estrella, Nicole, additional, Fereday, David, additional, Fioletov, Vitali E., additional, Flemming, Johannes, additional, Foster, Michael J., additional, Franz, Bryan, additional, Frith, Stacey M., additional, Froidevaux, Lucien, additional, Füllekrug, Martin, additional, Garforth, Judith, additional, Garg, Jay, additional, Gibbes, Badin, additional, Goodman, Steven, additional, Goto, Atsushi, additional, Gruber, Alexander, additional, Gu, Guojun, additional, Hahn, Sebastian, additional, Haimberger, Leopold, additional, Hall, Bradley D., additional, Harris, Ian, additional, Hemming, Deborah L., additional, Hirschi, Martin, additional, Ho, Shu-peng, additional, Holzworth, Robert, additional, Hrbáček, Filip, additional, Hu, Guojie, additional, Hurst, Dale F., additional, Inness, Antje, additional, Isaksen, Ketil, additional, John, Viju O., additional, Jones, Philip D., additional, Junod, Robert, additional, Kääb, Andreas, additional, Kaiser, Johannes W., additional, Kaufmann, Viktor, additional, Kellerer-Pirklbauer, Andreas, additional, Kent, Elizabeth C., additional, Kidd, Richard, additional, Kipling, Zak, additional, Koppa, Akash, additional, Kraemer, Benjamin M., additional, Kramarova, Natalya, additional, Kruger, Andries, additional, La Fuente, Sofia, additional, Laas, Alo, additional, Lan, Xin, additional, Lang, Timothy, additional, Lantz, Kathleen O., additional, Lavers, David A., additional, Leblanc, Thierry, additional, Leibensperger, Eric M., additional, Lennard, Chris, additional, Liu, Yakun, additional, Loeb, Norman G., additional, Loyola, Diego, additional, Maberly, Stephen C., additional, Madelon, Remi, additional, Magnin, Florence, additional, Matsuzaki, Shin-Ichiro, additional, May, Linda, additional, Mayer, Michael, additional, McCabe, Matthew F., additional, McVicar, Tim R., additional, Mears, Carl A., additional, Menzel, Annette, additional, Merchant, Christopher J., additional, Meyer, Michael F., additional, Miralles, Diego G., additional, Moesinger, Leander, additional, Monet, Ghislaine, additional, Montzka, Stephan A., additional, Morice, Colin, additional, Mrekaj, Ivan, additional, Mühle, Jens, additional, Nance, David, additional, Nicolas, Julien P., additional, Noetzli, Jeannette, additional, Noll, Ben, additional, O’Keefe, John, additional, Osborn, Timothy J., additional, Park, Taejin, additional, Parrington, Mark, additional, Pellet, Cécile, additional, Pelto, Mauri S., additional, Petersen, Kyle, additional, Phillips, Coda, additional, Pierson, Don, additional, Pinto, Izidine, additional, Po-Chedley, Stephen, additional, Pogliotti, Paolo, additional, Polvani, Lorenzo, additional, Preimesberger, Wolfgang, additional, Price, Colin, additional, Pulkkanen, Merja, additional, Randel, William J., additional, Rémy, Samuel, additional, Ricciardulli, Lucrezia, additional, Richardson, Andrew D., additional, Robinson, David A., additional, Rocha, Willy, additional, Rodell, Matthew, additional, Rodriguez-Fernandez, Nemesio, additional, Rosenlof, Karen H., additional, Rozanov, Alexei, additional, Rozkošný, Jozef, additional, Rusanovskaya, Olga O., additional, Rutishauser, This, additional, Sabeerali, C. T., additional, Sánchez-Lugo, Ahira, additional, Sawaengphokhai, Parnchai, additional, Schenzinger, Verena, additional, Schlegel, Robert W., additional, Schmid, Martin, additional, Schneider, Udo, additional, Sezaki, Fumi, additional, Sharma, Sapna, additional, Shi, Lei, additional, Shimaraeva, Svetlana V., additional, Silow, Eugene A., additional, Simmons, Adrian J., additional, Smith, Sharon L., additional, Soden, Brian J., additional, Sofieva, Viktoria, additional, Sparks, Tim H., additional, Sreejith, O.P., additional, Stackhouse, Paul W., additional, Stauffer, Ryan, additional, Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, additional, Steiner, Andrea K., additional, Stradiotti, Pietro, additional, Streletskiy, Dmitry A., additional, Surendran, Divya E., additional, Thackeray, Stephen J., additional, Thibert, Emmanuel, additional, Timofeyev, Maxim A., additional, Tourpali, Kleareti, additional, Tye, Mari R., additional, van der A, Ronald, additional, van der Schalie, Robin, additional, van der Schrier, Gerard, additional, van Vliet, Arnold J.H., additional, Verburg, Piet, additional, Vernier, Jean-Paul, additional, Vimont, Isaac J., additional, Virts, Katrina, additional, Vivero, Sebastián, additional, Vömel, Holger, additional, Vose, Russell S., additional, Wang, Ray H. J., additional, Wang, Xinyue, additional, Warnock, Taran, additional, Weber, Mark, additional, Wiese, David N., additional, Wild, Jeannette D., additional, Williams, Earle, additional, Wong, Takmeng, additional, Woolway, Richard Iestyn, additional, Yin, Xungang, additional, Zeng, Zhenzhong, additional, Zhao, Lin, additional, Zhou, Xinjia, additional, Ziemke, Jerry R., additional, Ziese, Markus, additional, Zotta, Ruxandra M., additional, Zou, Cheng-Zhi, additional, Allen, Jessicca, additional, Camper, Amy V., additional, Haley, Bridgette O., additional, Hammer, Gregory, additional, Love-Brotak, S. Elizabeth, additional, Ohlmann, Laura, additional, Noguchi, Lukas, additional, Riddle, Deborah B., additional, and Veasey, Sara W., additional

Published
2023
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88. Extended skin cleaning on the shoulder with chlorhexidine reduces the cutaneous bacterial load but fails to decrease suture contamination in patients undergoing arthroscopy rotator cuff repair

Author

Chih-Kai Hong, Kai-Lan Hsu, Fa-Chuan Kuan, Ya-Ting Lee, Pei-Fang Tsai, Po-Lin Chen, and Wei-Ren Su

Subjects
Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Surgery, General Medicine
Abstract

To investigate whether preoperative skin cleaning of the chin, neck, and chest with chlorhexidine soap could reduce suture contamination by Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) in patients undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.This study included patients who underwent primary arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Exclusion criteria included age18 years, previous shoulder surgery, history of shoulder infection, and allergy to chlorhexidine. Patients were randomized into three groups. Patients in the control group cleaned their skin with soap and water, as usual. Patients in the shoulder group cleaned their shoulders with chlorhexidine soap 3 days before surgery, whereas patients in the extended shoulder group additionally cleaned their chest, back, neck, and face with chlorhexidine soap. On the day of surgery, skin swab samples were obtained from the shoulder after surgical draping. After rotator cuff repair, sutures were cut from the anchor ends. Both traditional culture methods and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used.Ninety patients were enrolled (32 in the control group, 29 in the shoulder group, and 29 in the extended shoulder group) in the present study. The culture-positive rate from the posterior shoulder skin samples in the extended shoulder group (17.2%) was significantly lower than that in the control (40.6%) and shoulder (48.3%) groups (P = 0.036), whereas the culture-positive rates were not different among the three groups in other skin samples as well as the suture samples. The detection rates of C. acnes in suture samples were 12.5%, 13.8%, and 17.2% in the control, shoulder, and extended shoulder groups, respectively (P = 0.603).Extensive skin cleaning to the shoulder region with chlorhexidine helps reduce the shoulder cutaneous bacterial load, but the detection of C. acnes suture contamination in patients undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair remained untouched regardless of the use of chlorhexidine soap in skin cleaning on the preoperative days.

Published
2023

92. Mapping Yearly Fine Resolution Global Surface Ozone through the Bayesian Maximum Entropy Data Fusion of Observations and Model Output for 1990–2017

Author

Marissa N. DeLang, Jacob S. Becker, Kai-Lan Chang, Marc L. Serre, Owen R. Cooper, Martin G. Schultz, Sabine Schröder, Xiao Lu, Lin Zhang, Makoto Deushi, Beatrice Josse, Christoph A. Keller, Jean-François Lamarque, Meiyun Lin, Junhua Liu, Virginie Marécal, Sarah A. Strode, Kengo Sudo, Simone Tilmes, Li Zhang, Stephanie E. Cleland, Elyssa L. Collins, Michael Brauer, and J. Jason West

Subjects
Meteorology And Climatology
Abstract

Estimates of ground-level ozone concentrations are necessary to determine the human health burden of ozone. To support the Global Burden of Disease Study, we produce yearly fine resolution global surface ozone estimates from 1990 to 2017 through a data fusion of observations and models. As ozone observations are sparse in many populated regions, we use a novel combination of the M3Fusion and Bayesian Maximum Entropy (BME) methods. With M3Fusion, we create a multi-model composite by bias-correcting and weighting nine global atmospheric chemistry models based on their ability to predict observations (8,834 sites globally)in each region and year. BME is then used to integrate observations, such that estimates match observations at each monitoring site with the observational influence decreasing smoothly across space and time until the output matches the multi-model composite. After estimating at 0.5° resolution using BME, we add fine spatial detail from an additional model, yielding estimates at 0.1° resolution. Observed ozone is predicted more accurately (R2=0.81 at test point, 0.63 at 0.1°,0.62 at 0.5°) than the multi-model mean (R2=0.28 at 0.5°). Global ozone exposure is estimated to be increasing, driven by highly populated regions of Asia and Africa, despite decreases in the United States and Russia.

Published
2021
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93. Fingerprints of the COVID-19 economic downturn and recovery on ozone anomalies at high-elevation sites in North America and Western Europe

Author

Putero, Davide, primary, Cristofanelli, Paolo, additional, Chang, Kai-Lan, additional, Dufour, Gaëlle, additional, Beachley, Gregory, additional, Couret, Cédric, additional, Effertz, Peter, additional, Jaffe, Daniel A., additional, Kubistin, Dagmar, additional, Lynch, Jason, additional, Petropavlovskikh, Irina, additional, Puchalski, Melissa, additional, Sharac, Timothy, additional, Sive, Barkley C., additional, Steinbacher, Martin, additional, Torres, Carlos, additional, and Cooper, Owen R., additional

Published
2023
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94. Supplementary material to "Fingerprints of the COVID-19 economic downturn and recovery on ozone anomalies at high-elevation sites in North America and Western Europe"

Author

Putero, Davide, primary, Cristofanelli, Paolo, additional, Chang, Kai-Lan, additional, Dufour, Gaëlle, additional, Beachley, Gregory, additional, Couret, Cédric, additional, Effertz, Peter, additional, Jaffe, Daniel A., additional, Kubistin, Dagmar, additional, Lynch, Jason, additional, Petropavlovskikh, Irina, additional, Puchalski, Melissa, additional, Sharac, Timothy, additional, Sive, Barkley C., additional, Steinbacher, Martin, additional, Torres, Carlos, additional, and Cooper, Owen R., additional

Published
2023
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99. Emerging Engineered Wood for Building Applications

Author

Yu Ding, Zhenqian Pang, Kai Lan, Yuan Yao, Guido Panzarasa, Lin Xu, Marco Lo Ricco, Douglas R. Rammer, J. Y. Zhu, Ming Hu, Xuejun Pan, Teng Li, Ingo Burgert, and Liangbing Hu

Subjects
General Chemistry
Abstract

The building sector, including building operations and materials, was responsible for the emission of ∼11.9 gigatons of global energy-related CO

Published
2022

100. Amelioration of experimental tendinopathy by lentiviral CD44 gene therapy targeting senescence-associated secretory phenotypes

Author

Shih-Yao Chen, I-Ming Jou, Po-Yen Ko, Kai-Lan Hsu, Wei-Ren Su, Li-Chieh Kuo, Pei-Yuan Lee, Chao-Liang Wu, and Po-Ting Wu

Subjects
Genetics, Molecular Medicine, Molecular Biology
Abstract

CD44 exerts anti-senescence effects in many disease models. We examined senescence in tendinopathy and the effect of CD44 on senescence-associated secretory phenotypes (SASPs). Senescent markers were determined in human tendinopathic long head of bicep (LHB) and normal hamstring tendons. CD44 gene transfer in rat tendinopathic tenocytes stimulated with interleukin (IL)-1β and a rat Achilles tendinopathy model were performed using lentiviral vectors. Expression levels of p53, p21, and p16 and senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity were positively correlated with the severity of human tendinopathy and were higher in rat and human tendinopathic tenocytes than in normal controls. CD44 overexpressed tenocyte transfectants exhibited reduced levels of IL-6, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, p53, p21, p16, SA-β-gal, and phospho-nuclear factor (NF)-κB, whereas their collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1) and tenomodulin (tnmd) levels were increased when compared with control transfectants under IL-1β-stimulated conditions. In the animal model, CD44 overexpression lowered the ultrasound and histology scores and expression levels of the senescent and SASP markers COX-2 and phospho-NF-κB. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)- and tnmd-positive cell numbers were increased in the LVCD44-transduced tendinopathic tendons. Senescence is positively correlated with tendinopathic severity, and CD44 overexpression may protect the tendinopathic tendons from SASPs via anti-inflammation and maintenance of extracellular matrix homeostasis.

Published
2022

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