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isolation, structure determination and antiproliferative activity of three novel acetogenins, muricins J, K and L

While grape pomace contains considerable amounts of polyphenols, dietary antioxidants have been associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes. We have previously reported strong α-glucosidase inhibition exhibited by red wine grape pomace extracts, implying a potential role in diabetes management. In the current study, we aim to understand the relationships between this activity and antioxidant capacity of these extracts. Chambourcin, Merlot, Norton, Petit Verdot, Syrah and Tinta Cao red wine grape pomaces extracted with 50% acetone were evaluated for antioxidant properties via common antioxidant assays. At 2 mg/ml, Merlot, Syrah and Tinta Cao appeared to have the highest respective total phenolic content expressed as 0.29, 0.28 and 0.26 mg gallic acid equivalents/ mg extract. At 5 mg/ml, Chambourcin, Merlot and Tinta Cao exhibited the highest DPPH radical scavenging capacity, at 58%, 51% and 49%, respectively. At 0.1 mg/ml, Tinta Cao exceeded all other varieties in oxygen radical (AAPH) absorbing capa...

This paper presents a designed algorithm involves improvement of transferring data over Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP). The aim of this work is to establish whether using SOAP in exchanging XML messages has any added advantages or not. The results showed that XML messages without SOAP take longer time and consume more memory, especially with binary data., {"references":["Nan-Chao Huang, \"Cross Platform Web Service Implementation Using SOAP\", 2003, Knowledge Systems Institute.","Stephanie Bodoff, Debbie Carson, Maydene Fisher, \"The Java™ Web Services Tutorial\", 2004, California 94303 U.S.A.","Brian Suda, \"SOAP Web Services\", 2002, School of Informatics University of Edinburgh.","Carlos M. Gutierrez, Secretary,\" Guide to Secure Web Services\", 2007, Information Technology Laboratory National Institute of Standards and Technology.","Phil Adams and Zina Mostafia, \"Develop a SOAP Web services application with WebSphere Application Server V7 and Rational Application Developer V7.5\", 2009, IBM Corporation.","Christian Platzer, \"Trust-based Security in Web Services\", 2004, Technical University of Vienna.","Santa Clara, \"The Java EE 5 for Sun Java System Application Server 9.1\", 2008, SunMicrosystems, Inc. 4150Network Circle.","Irmen de Jong, \"Web Services SOAP and CORBA\", 2004, Knowledge Systems Institute.","Jack Koftikian,\" Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP)\", 2001, Technical University Hamburg-Hamburg.\n[10]\tWei Lu, Kenneth Chiu, Dennis Gannon,\" Building a Generic SOAP Framework over Binary XML\", 2005, Department of Computer Science, State University of New York (SUNY) at Binghamton."]}

Bioassay-guided fractionation of the fruit powder of graviola (Annona muricata) yielded three novel compounds: muricins J, K, and L. The compounds are all C35 Annonaceous acetogenins with a mono-tetrahydrofuran ring and four hydroxyls. Their structures were elucidated by spectral methods and chemical modification after isolation via chromatographic techniques and HPLC purification. These three acetogenins demonstrated an antiproliferative against human prostate cancer PC-3 cells.

A generic and extendible Multi-Agent Data Mining (MADM) framework, MADMF (the Multi-Agent Data Mining Framework) is described. The central feature of the framework is that it avoids the use of agreed meta-language formats by supporting a framework of wrappers. The advantage offered is that the framework is easily extendible, so that further data agents and mining agents can simply be added to the framework. A demonstration MADMF framework is currently available. The paper includes details of the MADMF architecture and the wrapper principle incorporated into it. A full description and evaluation of the framework-s operation is provided by considering two MADM scenarios.

Using a mouse model of lipoatrophic diabetes, we hypothesised that the chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2)/chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2 (CCR2) pathway contributes to hepatic macrophage accumulation and insulin resistance through induction of a chronic inflammatory state.Metabolic variables of insulin resistance and inflammation were characterised in wild-type and lipoatrophic A-ZIP/F-1 transgenic (AZIP-Tg) mice. The AZIP-Tg mice were then treated with a CCR2 antagonist (RS504393, 2 mg kg(-1) day(-1)) or vehicle for 28 days via a subcutaneous mini-osmotic pump to examine the role of the CCL2/CCR2 pathway in lipoatrophic diabetes.The lipoatrophic AZIP-Tg mice were diabetic with high fasting glucose and serum insulin concentrations compared with littermate controls. The livers of AZIP-Tg mice were more than threefold enlarged and exhibited increased triacylglycerol content. CCL2 levels were highly elevated in both liver and serum of the AZIP-Tg mice compared with controls. In addition, the circulating CCL2 concentration was associated with increased macrophage accumulation and inflammation as documented by upregulation of Cd68 gene and Tnf-alpha [also known as Tnf] gene in livers from the AZIP-Tg mice. Treatment of the lipoatrophic AZIP-Tg mice with the CCR2 antagonist ameliorated the hyperglycaemia, hyperinsulinaemia and hepatomegaly in conjunction with a reduction in liver inflammation.These findings demonstrate a significant role of the CCL2/CCR2 pathway in lipoatrophy-induced diabetes and provide clear evidence that metabolic improvements resulting from the inhibition of this inflammatory pathway are not adipose tissue-dependent.