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Dissimilar (AA6061 & AA7075-T6) friction welded aluminum joints were taken into the investigation to correlate the influences of friction time on tensile and metallurgical properties. The dissimilar metals were welded by varying the friction time from 2 s to 6 s with the following constant parameters: a rotating speed of 1200 rpm, friction pressure of 35 MPa, upset pressure of 35 MPa, and upset time of 3 s. The higher friction time during joint fabrication needs to be selected to attain good metallurgical bonding between rubbing surfaces. The highest tensile strength of 228 MPa was attained when the friction time was given as 4 s. Furthermore, the increase in friction time widened the width and reduced the hardness of the heat affected zone on the AA6061 side where joint failure occurred. Finally, the metallurgical features of the dissimilar specimens were characterized using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Other details related to the characterization and results of the testing were recounted.

The parameters require for maintaining the crop's health and the integrity of the irrigation system has a relation with quality of irrigation water. In Micro irrigation appropriate filtration is very much important to prevent clogging. Filtration unit is one of the main components in micro irrigation system that too, Primary filter is more important to be installed along with the unit, when the water source is from open reservoir and other water sources. Though it is essential, the primary filter is not being installed by the farmers due to its high cost. Hence this study is an attempt to fabricate low-cost filter and to evaluate its performance with different filter media layer. A low-cost primary filter for drip irrigation system is fabricated. Different filter media layer like silex sand (fine silex, coarse silex), pebbles with different sizes are selected. The results revealed that the removal efficiency of filter using silex sand and pebbles were 71% in terms of turbidity, 78% in terms of total suspended solids removal at flow rate of 12 m3 /hr. This fabricated low-cost filter will be cost effective for small farm applications.

The CRESS-DNA viruses are the ubiquitous virus detected in almost all eukaryotic life trees and play an essential role in the maintaining ecosystem of the globe. Still, their genetic diversity is not fully understood. Here, we bring to light the genetic diversity of replication (Rep) and capsid (Cap) proteins of CRESS-DNA viruses. We divided the Rep protein of the CRESS-DNA virus into 10 clusters using CLANS and phylogenetic analyses. Also, most of the Rep protein in Rep cluster 1 (R1) and R2 (

The main objective of this research is to present the impact of several doping and geometrical parameters on the performance of the GaN/AlGaN quantum dot-based light-emitting diode by employing numerical 3D simulations. The sensitivity coefficients of the parameters have been utilised to rank them. Four significant performance parameters were used in this research, such as, responsivity optical gain, internal quantum efficiency, and input power. The quantum dot’s bottom radius is observed to be the most relevant geometrical parameter for optical gain and internal quantum efficiency. Furthermore, the nanocolumn radius is the most important parameter for quantum dot responsivity and input power. The Nanocolumn radius is found to be the most critical parameter, based on the overall ranking.

Ashwagandha, also known as Indian winter cherry, belonging to the Withania Somnifera Linn. (Solanaceae) family, (commonly available as Churna). Africa, the Mediterranean, and India are all home to this species. It is 30-50cm high and mainly found in the drier parts of India. Since it raises haemoglobin (red blood count) and hair melanin. Withania Somnifera is known as "Rasayana," which means "strong rejuvenator" in Ayurvedic jargon. In ethnomedicine, it is a well-known health food and herbal tonic that is used to treat cardiovascular diseases. It can be used as a single herb or as part of polyherbal or herbo-mineral formulations for humans. It is traditionally used to treat various diseases such as inflammation, asthma, dyspepsia, hypertension, rheumatism, tumor, anxiety, hemopoietic, antimicrobial, depression, immunomodulation, antiulcer, hepatoprotective activities, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s disease, rejuvenating properties and syphilis. It has wide variety of chemical constituents such as withanoloides, flavonoid, saponins, glycosides, alkaloids, tannins, steroids have been studied. Despite the fact that previous review articles on this plant have been written, this review article is provided to bring together all of the most recent knowledge on its phytochemical and pharmacological activities.

The Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, the contamination that prompts sickness19(covid-19), has spread quickly from the initially known cases in china in December 2019 to nations round the globe. On March 10,2020, the world health organization reported that there have been 113,702 affirmed instances of corona virus -19 round the globe, additionaly to 4,012 passing. Due to this worldwide well being emergency analysts are handling build up a corona virus immunization. Protected and compelling immunizations are going to be a game changer: yet for years to return we should always wearing covers, genuinely separating and staying faraway from swarms. Being inoculated doesn't imply that we will laugh in the face of any potential risk and put ourselves as well as other people in danger, especially in light of the very fact that it is as yet not satisfactory what proportions the antibodies can ensure against sickness also as against contamination and transmission. Vaccine for corona virus are basic devices for managing the pandemic when joined with compelling testing and existing anticipation measures. The general undertaking to form a secure and effective coronavirus vaccine is proving to be fruitful. A handful of vaccines now are authorized round the globe, may more in development. Antibodies save an excellent many lives per annum.

Background: Water is undoubtedly a very precious resource that helps life thrive on this planet, and its pollution is a problem which is potent of erasing almost all forms of life on earth. Hence, considering the magnitude of this problem, studies and experiments have been focused (from the day water pollution was recognised as an eminent issue) on monitoring and finding possible solutions for water pollution. While the latter deals with treating and purifying water using a variety of concepts, monitoring deals with the continuous assessment of water quality of a waterbody. Methodology: There are several methods for monitoring purposes, and remote sensing is a popular choice, thanks to its wide applicability and flexibility in implementation. Remote sensing basically deals with collecting data about a place (which is to be monitored) and sending the data to another ‘remote’ location for analysis. This article aims to provide a description of some methods employed in recent times for the purpose of remote sensing and a short section which deals with the analysis of the remotely sensed data using machine learning / deep learning models, hence making the reader aware of the concept of remote sensing and its scope for monitoring water pollution (or any form of pollution) in the future. Conclusions: The detailed comparative analysis of these methods showed that sensor based water quality monitoring with Geographical Information System (GIS) will be more efficient in detection of water pollutants. The further research in this field may introduce many advancements to enable efficient water pollution detection techniques.

Forced degradation studies of d-tubocurarine (DTC) was carried out in hydrolytic (acidic, alkaline and neutral), thermal, photolytic and oxidative degradation conditions as per International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guideline Q1A (R2). The present study revealed that DTC is highly sensitive to oxidative degradation conditions even at room temperature whereas the drug was found to be stable in hydrolytic, photolytic and thermal stress conditions. Separation of DTC and its four degradation products (DPs) (DP-I to DP-IV) formed during stress degradation conditions were achieved on Waters Acquity CSH C18 (1.7 µm, 2.1 mm × 100 mm) column using gradient elution with a mobile phase consisting of Eluent-A: 0.1 % Formic acid Eluent-B: acetonitrile achieved successfully. The detection was carried out at 210 nm wavelength and the flow rate was kept at 0.3 mL/min with a 5 μL injection volume. Also, a highly sensitive and robust HRMS/MS/TOF method was established for the identification and characterization of four DPs formed during the stress study. ESI +ve mode was used throughout the study for ionization of all the DPs. The degradation pathway was also established in the study that is never reported earlier.

Background: Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is considered to be one of the most important causes of reproductive failure in swine. Fetal death, mummification, stillbirths and delayed return to estrus are predominant clinical signs commonly associated with PPV infection in a herd. Methods: In this field laboratory investigation during 2020-2022, the aim was to study the prevalence of PPV in swine reproductive failure in an organized farm in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. A detailed necropsy examination was conducted on 3 mummified fetuses and 17 still born fetuses and salient gross finding were accumulation of serosanguinous fluid in the cavities. Representative tissues samples from brain, lungs, heart, spleen, intestine, kidneys, mesenteric, inguinal lymph nodes and liver were collected on ice and in 10% neutral buffered formalin for histopathological, immunohistochemical and molecular studies. Result: Out of the 20 fetal tissues analyzed by PCR for PPV genome, 19 samples were found to be positive for the NS1 gene. The identification of the amplified products was confirmed by direct sequencing of purified PCR products. Histopathological examination of the liver showed intranuclear inclusion bodies and necrotic myocarditis. Immunohistochemical studies showed PPV antigen distributed in the striated muscle cells of the heart, alveolar epithelial cells of lungs, hepatocytes of the liver and tubular epithelial cells of kidneys. The present study confirms the prevalence of PPV in fetal tissues in an organized pig farm in Tamil Nadu which warrants further surveillance.

Background and aims: Drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) is a common and important neurological problem to identify with scope for curative surgical treatment if underlying cause is delineated. There are very few prospective structured studies in our population. This study aimed to look at the neuroimaging profile of DRE presenting in a tertiary care center in South India. Materials and methods: All patients diagnosed clinically as DRE as per International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) criteria and who underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) over a period of 24 months were included in the study. Their clinical and MRI features were documented and analyzed. Results: A total of 150 patients diagnosed with DRE were included in the study. Clinically, 96 of them presented with generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS), 36 with complex partial seizures (CPS), 14 with simple focal seizures, and two each with atonic seizures and focal seizures with secondary generalization. Magnetic resonance imaging (done in 1.5 T) was normal in 32%. In those with abnormal MRI, mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) was the commonest pathology seen in 41.3%, followed by cortical malformations (6.7%), tumors (2.6%), vascular malformations (2.7%), and other nonspecific lesions (12%). Conclusion: The clinical and neuroimaging profile of DRE showed that DRE is more common in younger age (of less than 30 years); presents mainly with GTCS or CPS; mesial temporal sclerosis is the commonest underlying pathology which was bilateral in 8.6%; temporal lobe lesions predominate (49.3% of all DRE); and cortical malformation, low-grade tumors, and vascular lesions are other important causes.

To cater to the needs of energy sustainability and conservation, reuse of decomposed leaves from trees could reap benefits to biosynthesize nanoparticles that might play a very significant role in the convective performance of nanofluids. Azadirachta indica (neem) possesses capping and reducing agents can assist in fluid stability besides providing good thermal transport behavior in nanofluids. Hence, the synthesis of neem-assisted zinc oxide (ZnOneem) nanoparticles aids in evaluating the role of neem in the thermo-hydraulic behavior as nanofluids. The synthesized particles were 36 nm in size as per the Debye Scherrer relation. Nanofluid samples under particle volume concentrations, ϕ (%) of 0.05, 0.2, and 0.6 with ethylene glycol:water (50:50) as base fluid, were prepared. The optimized stability without surfactants was retrieved by stirring and sonicating at different periods. Convective experiments were done by pumping the fluid turbulently (Re=5000 to 10000) through a circular tube with twisted tape inserts (twist ratio, Y=6, 8, and 10) annexed within it. It was evident that the highest performance evaluation factor (PEF) for ZnOneem was 1.385 while the ZnOpure was 1.289. Though the trade-off existed between the convective performance and frictional drag with ϕ =0.05% ZnOpure nanofluid, it did not exist in the case of ZnOneem nanofluid.

The heterocyclic compounds have a great significance in medicinal chemistry because they have extensive biological activities. Cancer is globally the leading cause of death and it is a challenge to develop appropriate treatment for the management of cancer. Continuous efforts are being made to find a suitable medicinal agent for cancer therapy. Nitrogencontaining heterocycles have received noteworthy attention due to their wide and distinctive pharmacological activities. One of the most important nitrogen-containing heterocycles in medicinal chemistry is ‘quinazoline’ that possesses a wide spectrum of biological properties. This scaffold is an important pharmacophore and is considered a privileged structure. Various substituted quinazolines displayed anticancer activity against different types of cancer. This review highlights the recent advances in quinazoline based molecules as anticancer agents. Several in-vitro and in-vivo models used along with the results are also included. A subpart briefing natural quinazoline containing anticancer compounds is also incorporated in the review.

Heterocyclic nucleus is vital in medicinal chemistry and has allured significant attention in chemotherapeutic domain. Oxadiazole, a five-membered nitrogen–oxygen-containing heterocyclic core has r...

In response to pathogens, injury or irritation, inflammation is a natural biological mechanism. The inflammation process is a difficult immune response that can be characterised as the synchronous activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Inflammation seems to be significantly correlated with various types of diseases, such as arthritis, allergy, atherosclerosis and cancer. Some intermittent events, including redness, swelling, heat, and pain, often progressing to exudation and loss of function, typically describe inflammation. Some inflammatory cytokines that are important chemical substances found in the tissues of the body, including prostaglandins, leukotrienes, prostacyclin, lymphocytes, and chemokines such as interferon-alpha (IFN-α), IFN-γ, are involved in the inflammation phase. Vegetables and fruit-derived formulations have been used to treat inflammatory conditions and their associated disorders. Evidence shows that fruits like grapes, watermelon, orange and vegetable-rich diets like Allium cepa, Momordica charantia, Raphanus sativus etc. are beneficial against common chronic diseases, cancer, obesity and cardiovascular diseases. In addition, these fruits and vegetables provide vitamins, minerals and fibre in our diet. Anti-inflammatory compounds in onions help to lessen the clinical symptoms associated with conditions like osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Due to the presence of various phytochemicals in bitter melon, it is used in inflammation in bones and joints, inflammation in cancer and cardiovascular as well as neurodegenerative diseases and haemorrhoids. Lycopene in tomato also acts on cytokine channels in human adipose tissue, and inhibit the level of inflammatory biomarkers. This article focuses on such healthy foods and vegetables that have the capability to treat inflammatory disorders. From this we can conclude that fruits and vegetables are promising in limiting the inflammation.

The present study explored the assessment of the antidiabetic potential of Tinospora cordifolia & Juglans regia composite extract in STZ induced diabetes in wistar rats. As streptozotocin -associated infiltrations of increase glucose level has been reported to be responsible for diabetes. We evaluated the glucose lowering potential of Tinospora cordifolia & Juglans regia on the basis of its anti-diabetic property. Rats were administered streptozotocin (55 mg/kg i.p., once) with nicotinamide (120mg/kg) to induce experimental toxicity. The development of diabetes was assessed biochemically as well as histologically 72 hours after induction of diabetes. Body weight and blood glucose levels were determined in (0, 7th, 14th, 21st, 28th) days. Serum lipid profile and enzyme estimated, (kidney, liver, pancreas) tissue was measured at the end of the experimental period. Treatment with composite extracts TCAE high dose (350 gm/kg b.w.) & JRAE high dose (800 mg/kg b.w.) and TCHE high dose (350 gm/kg b.w.) & JRHE high dose (800 mg/kg b.w.) were noted to be more effective against the streptozotocin- induced toxicity as compared to Glibenclamide (5 mg/kg b.w.). it may be concluded that streptozotocin-induced glucose may be accountable for the induction of diabetes toxicity in rats. Interestingly, improvement in body weight, glucose level, lipid profiles, biochemical parameters and histopathological changes in kidney, liver and pancreas was observed following herbal treatment in STZ induced diabetic rats. Furthermore, composite extract of TCAE (350mg/kg b.w.) & JRAE (800mg/kg b.w.) was found to be efficacious than the composite extract of TCHE (350mg/kg b.w.) & JRHE (800mg/kg b.w.).

We aimed to evaluate the effect of anti-diabetic activity of Terminalia arjuna, and Syzygium cumini extracts in Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes in Wistar rats. STZ (55mg/kg) followed by nicotinamide (100mg/kg) was given to rats by intraperitoneal route to induce diabetes. Oral administration of alcoholic and hydro-alcoholic extracts of T. arjuna (TAAE) (250mg/kg and 500mg/kg), S. cumini (SCAE) (200mg/kg and 400mg/kg) and their composite extract were given to rats along with standard anti-diabetic drug Glibenclamide (5mg/kg). We evaluated body weight, glucose level, lipid profile and biochemical parameters in STZ induced diabetic rats. Also, histopathological studied were done in liver, kidney and pancreatic tissues of rats. Our finding revealed that TAAE and TAHE at 250mg/kg b.w. and 500mg/kg b.w., SCAE and SCHE at 400mg/kg b.w. and combination of TAAE (250mg/kg b.w.)+SCAE (400mg/kg b.w.) had a positive effect in lowering the blood glucose level and body weight on 28th day as compared to the initial observation on 0th day and also restored all the biochemical parameters such as LDL, VLDL, triglycerides and total Cholesterol and HDL towards the normal levels as well as histopathological improvement in Kidney, Liver and Pancreas. Data analysis showed that composite extract of TAAE (250mg/kg) and SCAE (400mg/kg ) improved diabetic consequences more effectively than composite extract of TAHE (500mg/kg) and SCHE (400mg/kg). TAAE and SCHE, in combination, demonstrate as a potential therapeutic agent against diabetes.

High performance epoxy biocomposite coating material was prepared using agricultural waste (rice husk) derived biosilica and characterized for visco-elastic, thermal conductivity and hydrophobic behavior. The main aim of this research was to prepare a high performance biocomposite coating material for air-duct application in aircraft. The biosilica ultra fine particle was prepared via thermo-chemical method and surface-treated using amino silane. The visco-elastic results revealed that the addition of silane-treated biosilica of 4 vol.% produced highest storage modulus of 7.2 GPa, loss factor of 0.51 and glass transition temperature of 91οC. The highest thermal conductivity of 0.3w/mK was observed for 4 vol.% of as-received biosilica in epoxy while the silane-treated biosilica of 4 vol.% gives 0.18w/mK. Similarly, the contact angle results revealed that the silane-treated biosilica of 4 vol.% retains higher contact angle of 85ο. This high performance epoxy biocomposite coating material could be used as a coating material for aircraft passenger air-duct to improve the condition of air and reduce the heat loss during flow during flow. Moreover the coating on air-ducts improves the life of welded joints, rivets and overall product.

Increased blood lipid profile (hyperlipidaemia) has been described as a significant risk factor, which is majorly responsible for making the coronary heart diseases more severe. Coronary heart disease, stroke, atherosclerosis and hyperlipidaemia are the primary cause of death. The increase in total cholesterol and total low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is described for its main risk factor, which is responsible for cardiovascular disease. The anti-hyperlipidemic drugs are used frequently for its lipids lowering potential to protect disorders which are induced by a condition like atherosclerosis. Still, these hypolipidemic agents also have various sorts of adverse events. Many plants and their derivatives and have been tested successfully for their anti-hyperlipidemic role. Almost 70 medicinal plants and more than this have been successfully screened for their significant anti-hyperlipidemic role. The significant increase observed in the use of medicinal plants in metropolitan regions of developed countries in the last decades. There are so many medicinal plants play a crucial role in lowering the blood lipid level. The most important advantage and popularity of traditional medicine system are because of effectiveness, safety, affordability and acceptability. This review focus on the anti-hyperlipidemic role of Avipattikar Churna and Triphala Churna used for the treatment of hyperlipidaemia.

Diabetes mellitus (DM), belongs to the class of metabolic diseases having the primary symptom associated with this disease is high sugar levels in the blood for an extended period. It can be categorized to the world's major diseases considering that affects the high population on the earth and presents two main types I and II.The prevalence of diabetes for all age-groups world-wide was estimated to be 2.8% in 2000 and 4.4% in 2030. Diabetes complications include possible blindness, amputation of a lower limb, renal failure, and cardiac arrest or stroke. There are twenty types of Pramehas (Kaphaja-10 Pittaja-6, and Vataja-4) have been mentioned in the Ayurveda. ‘Prameha’ and ‘Diabetes’ are synonymous. Diabetes is one of the ‘Prameha’ which consists of two words, ‘Pra’ meaning abundant, and ‘Meha' meaning 'passing of large quantity of Urine. Incidentally, the term diabetes has been derived from the Greek term 'Diabainein' to mean 'to cross through a siphon' meaning the continuous free flow of water and applied to mean the elimination of large quantity of Urine. Thus the terms ‘Prameha’ and ‘Diabetes’ carry similar meaning. This review summarizes the two Ayurvedic formulations for both types of DM, which are mentioned in the Ayurvedic Formulary of India. Till now, various kinds of synthetic and herbal formulations were made, and many are more frequently used to achieve desirable treatment. Patients prefer oral anti-diabetic medications since they are more comfortable to be administered, and for this reason, researchers focus their studies in this direction. This review aimed to explore the possibility of anti-diabetic treatment from herbal sources well mentioned in Ayurvedic Formulary of India that is Avipattikara Churna, Triphala Churna.Triphala Churna

Justicia gendarussa Burm .f. (family Acanthaceae) which is also known as willow-leaves and commonly known as Nili-Nirgundi, it is very commonly found nearby to China and its availability is very common in larger parts of India and Andaman islands. Traditionally it is used to treat various sorts of disorders such as wound healing, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, antiproliferative, anti-arthritic etc. Justicia gendarussa is one of the crucial herbs which has been used in the Ayurveda. Majorly leaves parts of the plant shows the pharmacological activity but the root of the plant Justicia gendarussa is also have the important medicinal values. A large variety of pharmacologically active constituents i.e., alkaloids, flavonoids, saponin, carbohydrates, steroids, triterpenoids, carotenoids, aminoacids, tannins, phenolics, coumarines and anthaquinones are also present in this plant and they makes the plant pharmacologically important. The activity of the plant is also dependent on the solvent which is used for the extraction the various vital chemical constituents. The different- different parts of the plants having the different medicinal values also differ in the chemical values. This review is not only focused on the essential phytochemical constituents which is available in the plant but it also explains their necessary medicinal value to shows the essential biological action and phytopharmacological actions of various parts of the plant.

Despite recent advances, women trail men in political participation, especially in developing countries where the long-term economic benefits from empowering women politically have not been well-researched. We use data from 163 villages of 12 main Indian states to explore whether requiring that village leadership positions be held by women (political reservation) affected uptake of economic opportunities via the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme. Reservation triggered increases in women's demand for work, program participation, and access to financial services that were sustained beyond the period of female political leadership. Enhanced female participation in program oversight, civic engagement, and electoral participation are plausible channels for such effects and political and economic empowerment seem to be complementary.

In this research work, non-enzymatic FET sensor using silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) decorated graphene has been fabricated for the detection of various glucose concentration levels. Graphene was deposited using chemical vapour deposition technique and Ag NPs was decorated on the surface of graphene via sputtering technique. FET glucose sensor was tested under optimal conditions (pH 7.4) in linear range 0.1 µM–0.25 µM of glucose concentration levels. It was observed that, developed FET glucose sensor delivers high sensitivity which was compared with previously reported electrodes. The reproducibility of FET based glucose sensor was tested using different interfering species along with glucose concentrations. On examining the behavioural characteristics of FET sensor towards glucose detection it was found to offer a potential device for further real-time clinical applications.

Following initial evaluation and management, youth requiring inpatient psychiatric care often experience boarding, defined as being held in the emergency department or another location while awaiting inpatient care. Although mental health boarding is common, little research has examined the quality of healthcare delivery during the boarding period.This study aimed to explore the perspectives and experiences of multidisciplinary clinicians and parents regarding mental health boarding and to develop a conceptual model to inform quality improvement efforts.We conducted semistructured interviews with clinicians and parents of youth experiencing boarding. Interviews focused on experiences of care and perceived opportunities for improvement were continued until thematic saturation was reached. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed to identify emergent themes using a general inductive approach. Axial coding was used to inform conceptual framework development.Interviews were conducted with 19 clinicians and 11 parents. Building on the Donabedian structure-process-outcome model of quality evaluation, emergent domains, and associated themes included: (1) infrastructure for healthcare delivery, including clinician training, healthcare team composition, and the physical environment; (2) processes of healthcare delivery, including clinician roles and responsibilities, goals of care, communication with families, policies/procedures, and logistics of inter-facility transfer; and (3) measurable outcomes, including patient safety, family experience, mental health status, timeliness of care, and clinician moral distress.This qualitative study summarizes clinician and family perspectives about care for youth experiencing boarding. The conceptual model resulting from this analysis can be applied to implement and evaluate quality improvement endeavors to support this vulnerable population.

Patients undergoing nusinersen treatment for spinal muscular atrophy are subject to measurements of platelet count and urine protein before each injection due to concern for platelet depletion and renal dysfunction according to the prescribing information. These tests may be uncomfortable or inconvenient and may cause delays in treatment. However, it is still unclear whether these values have been significantly affected by nusinersen treatment. Our aim in this study was to determine whether these measurements ever reached critical values that necessitated withholding treatment at our center.Records from 57 patients treated with nusinersen at our institution between 2017 and 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Laboratory values for platelet count, random urine protein, and total urine protein:creatinine ratio were collected from all patients before each procedure.Mean patient age was 28.9 years (range, 2-76 years). Mean platelet count was 307 × 10Although further study on a larger cohort is warranted for more definitive conclusions, it may not be necessary to measure platelet count and urine protein before each nusinersen treatment, particularly in the maintenance phase.

Despite income growth, fertility decline, and educational expansion, female labour force participation in rural India dropped precipitously over the last decade. Nation-wide individual-level data allow us to explore if random reservation of village leadership for females affected women’s access to job opportunities, their demand for participation in the labour force, and income as well as intra-household bargaining in the short-and medium term. Gender reservation of local leadership affected female but not male participation in public works and regular labour markets, their income, and their influence on key household decisions with a lag, suggesting that such reservation affected social norms and stereotypes.

Purpose: Tuberculosis is quite common in India. About 40% of all Indians are infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis, with 2.5 million active tuberculosis cases. Tuberculosis primarily affects the lungs, but it can affect any organ. Extra-pulmonary involvement occurs 15-20% of cases in immune-competent patients and in more than 50% in HIV patients. The most common extra-pulmonary sites are lymph nodes, pleura, abdomen, genitourinary tract, skin, joints and bones, or meninges. Case reports: In this pictorial review article we present 8 atypical cases of tuberculosis and describe their imaging features and histopathology. Conclusions: Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis can affect virtually any organ and can mimic various inflammatory and neoplastic disorders apart from other infective conditions. A strong index of suspicion is required particularly in those countries endemic to tuberculosis.

To identify and prioritize opportunities to improve the psychiatric boarding experience for youth awaiting admission or transfer to inpatient psychiatric care.This study utilized an exploratory mixed methods design. The study team convened multidisciplinary stakeholder focus groups to discuss proposed hospital-based solutions to mental health boarding, potential psychosocial interventions deliverable during boarding, and outcomes measurement. Focus group responses were transcribed and analyzed to extract themes pertaining to these improvement opportunities. These results informed a follow-up survey which was then sent to the stakeholders to rate the feasibility and importance of modifications using a modified RAND-UCLA Appropriateness Method.Qualitative analyses revealed nine themes across two domains related to psychiatric boarding care: in-hospital improvements and transitions of care. The follow-up survey identified six improvement opportunities rated as both feasible and important. Additionally, six psychosocial interventions, two delivery modalities, and five outcomes were rated as both feasible and important.Stakeholders concerned with the psychiatric boarding of youth identified numerous opportunities for improving the boarding process within two domains of in-hospital improvements and transitions of care. Most of the improvements were considered feasible and important with several serving as particularly viable strategies. These have the potential for implementation to improve the care of this vulnerable population and inform local and national quality improvement efforts.

We provide a novel single restriction enzyme (RE; BsaHI) digestion approach for detecting distinct pathotypes of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). After scanning 4,000 F gene nucleotide sequences in the NCBI database, we discovered a single RE (BsaHI) digestion site in the cleavage site. APMV-I “F gene” class II-specific primer-based reverse transcriptase PCR was utilized to amplify a 535-bp fragment, which was then digested with the RE (BsaHI) for pathotyping avian NDV field isolates and pigeon paramyxovirus-1 isolates. The avirulent (lentogenic and mesogenic strains) produced 189- and 346-bp fragments, respectively, but the result in velogenic strains remained undigested with 535-bp fragments. In addition, 45 field NDV isolates and 8 vaccine strains were used to confirm the approach. The sequence-based analysis also agrees with the data obtained utilizing the single RE (BsaHI) digestion approach. The proposed technique has the potential to distinguish between avirulent and virulent strains in a short time span, making it valuable in NDV surveillance and monitoring research. IMPORTANCE The extensive use of the NDV vaccine strain and the existence of avirulent NDV strains in wild birds makes it difficult to diagnose Newcastle Disease virus (NDV). The intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) and/or sequencing-based identification, which are required to determine virulent NDV, are time-consuming, costly, difficult, and cruel techniques. We evaluated 4,000 F gene nucleotide sequences and discovered a restriction enzyme (RE; BsaHI) digestion technique for detecting NDV and vaccine pathotypes in a short time span, which is cost-effective and useful for field cases as well as for large-scale NDV monitoring and surveillance. The data acquired using the single RE BsaHI digestion technique agree with the sequence-based analysis.

This paper is aimed at a comparative investigation on two different velocity profiles for piston movement namely Sinusoidal and Trapezoidal Profiles for an IC Engine. In conventional IC Engine, velocity profile of piston motion is Sinusoidal. It has many disadvantages such as high mean velocity that leads to high inertial force, frictional losses, wear and high rate of heat leakages. Nearly 20% of the total power produced by the engine is dissipated into heat because of friction. Of this 20%, about 75% is due to friction of piston rings on the cylinder walls. This is an irreversible loss and can be seen as a consequence of high mean piston velocity associated with the existing Sinusoidal Piston Velocity Profile. In addition, varying velocity profile can cause rapid acceleration and finally jerks which lead to considerable mechanical vibration and noise. As a result the mechanical strength of engine material will be high to withstand the inertial force, friction and wear. To overcome these difficulties, an extensive attempt is made to improve the piston movement by restructuring the piston velocity profile with reduced mean velocity which is constant for most of the crank angle. A comprehensive experimental examination is conducted for the Sinusoidal velocity profile, which are utilized in arriving at an optimal CFD procedure through validation study. A proposed connecting rod configuration with internal gear and pinion arrangement is proposed to achieve different Trapezoidal Profiles. The optimum CFD procedure found from validation study is used to analyze and understand the engine with modified Trapezoidal Velocity Profiles. There is almost 20% reduction of mean piston velocity that considerably improves hydro-thermo dynamic and mechanical characteristics of the existing engine.

Monte Carlo Simulation depends on random behaviour of events. When a variable takes values at random and becomes highly unpredictable due to its nature of randomness, the property of random numbers is made use of for predicting the future values that the variable may take. This property can be made use of for predicting share price movements, when the past share prices exhibit random behaviour, without exhibiting high fluctuations. This article explains the methodology of using Monte Carlo Simulation for predicting share price movements and explains the process with the help of an illustration taking the monthly share price data of ITC Limited for a period of 36 months, where the share prices have moved within a narrow band. Findings of the analysis show that it works well and that the method of prediction is reasonably accurate, showing only a minor deviation from the actual prices.

Peptides test drug 1, 2, 3 and 4 coded as RK, KH, RRH, and RRK were subjected to in-vitro antioxidant screening methods for the assessment of their potency using Ascorbic acid as the standard drug. Antioxidant screening in-vitro methods used are such as Superoxide radical scavenging activity, Reducing power method, Phosphomolybdenum method, Ferric thiocyanate method, Thiobarbituric acid method, β-Carotene linoleic acid method/conjugated diene assay, and Fenton's reagent method. Different concentrations of test drugs were made and antioxidant activity was calculated by estimating inhibition percentage and IC50 values which were consequently compared with standard drug. The entire test drug RK, KH, RRH, and RRK showed relatively better antioxidant competence with that of the standard drug. Based on the above estimations, KH and RRH could be considered as the best potent drug for the diverse formulations of antioxidant effect suitable for the avoidance of various human diseases.