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In this paper the role of Chinese universities in enterprise---university research collaboration is investigated. This study focuses on a special aspect of the collaboration--co-authored articles. The two cases are analyzed: (1) research collaboration between Baosteel Group Corporation and Chinese universities; (2) research collaboration between China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation and Chinese universities. The co-authorship data over the period 1998---2007 were searched from CNKI database, the largest Chinese publication and citation database. The main findings are as follows: the number of articles co-authored by enterprise and university scientists has been increasing rapidly; the share of co-authored articles has been growing; the authors from universities are more possible to be the first authors; as a whole, enterprise---university co-authored articles tend to receive more citations and get downloaded more frequently; a mathematical orientation emerges in the enterprise---university articles. To reveal and describe such a trend the methods of keywords analysis and co-occurrence analysis are applied. The Chinese government's policy instruments and substantial supports for pushing and improving enterprise---university research collaboration are introduced and analyzed.

This paper studies how missing data in the PageRank algorithm influences the result of papers ranking and proposes PrestigeRank algorithm on that basis. We make use of PrestigeRank to give the ranking of all papers in physics in the Chinese Scientific and Technology Papers and Citation Database (CSTPCD) published between 2004 and 2006. We compared PrestigeRank result with PageRank and citation ranking. We found PrestigeRank is significantly correlated with PageRank and citation counts. We also used paper citation networks to rank journals, and compared the result with that of journal citation networks. We proposed PRsum, PRave, and compared both of them with citation counts and impact factor. It indicates PRsum, PRave can reflect journal's authority favorably. We also discuss the advantages and disadvantages, application scope and application prospects of PrestigeRank in the evaluation of papers and journals.

Citations are a way to show how researchers build on existing research to further evolve research. The citation count is an indication of the influence of specific articles. The importance of citations means that it is valuable to analyze the articles that are cited the most. This research investigates highly-cited articles in physics (1979–2008) using citation data from the ISI Web of Science. In this study, 1544205 articles were examined. The objective of the analysis was to identify and list the highly-productive countries, institutions, authors, and fields in physics. Based on the analysis, it was found that the USA is the world leader in physics, and Japan has maintained the highest growth rate in physics research since 1990. Furthermore, the research focus at Bell Labs and IBM has played important roles in physics. A striking fact is that the five most active authors are all Japanese, but the five most active institutions are all in the USA. In fact, only The University of Tokyo is ranked among the top 11 institutions, and only American authors have single-author articles ranked among the top 19 articles. The highest-impact articles are distributed across 25 subjects categories. Physics, Multidisciplinary has 424 articles, and is ranked at No. 1 in total articles; followed by Physics, Condensed Matter. The study can provide science policy makers with a picture of innovation capability in this field and help them make better decisions. Hopefully, this study will stimulate useful discussion among scientists and research managers about future research directions.

Purpose We investigate the efficacy of a novel dichoptic mapping paradigm in evaluating visual function of anisometropic amblyopes. Methods Using standard clinical measures of visual function (visual acuity, stereo acuity, Bagolini lenses, and neutral density filters) and a novel quantitative mapping technique, 26 patients with anisometropic amblyopia (mean age = 19.15 ± 4.42 years) were assessed. Two additional psychophysical interocular suppression measurements were tested with dichoptic global motion coherence and binocular phase combination tasks. Luminance reduction was achieved by placing neutral density filters in front of the normal eye. Results Our study revealed that suppression changes across the central 10° visual field by mean luminance modulation in amblyopes as well as normal controls. Using simulation and an elimination of interocular suppression, we identified a novel method to effectively reflect the distribution of suppression in anisometropic amblyopia. Additionally, the new quantitative mapping technique was in good agreement with conventional clinical measures, such as interocular acuity difference (P < 0.001) and stereo acuity (P = 0.005). There was a good consistency between the results of interocular suppression with dichoptic mapping paradigm and the results of the other two psychophysical methods (suppression mapping versus binocular phase combination, P < 0.001; suppression mapping versus global motion coherence, P = 0.005). Conclusions The dichoptic suppression mapping technique is an effective method to represent impaired visual function in patients with anisometropic amblyopia. It offers a potential in "micro-"antisuppression mapping tests and therapies for amblyopia.

In an open dynamic concept hierarchy tree of technological terms, universe keeps changing and then leads to changes in the system’s structure and size characteristics. This study presents an efficient incremental algorithm based on rough set for maintaining the concept hierarchy tree in dynamic datasets. While taking into account the relationship between the new terms and the original concept hierarchy tree, the paper focus on when the condition attributes is known and the decision attributes is unknown, how to add a new term into the original concept hierarchy tree. The paper proposes a novel algorithm which can be used for updating concept hierarchy tree dynamically and proves the rationality of the algorithm theoretically. The paper has furthermore proved its efficiency and reliability with an empirical study of the Micro-Electro-Mechanical System, MEMS.

Although the rough set theory can be deal with uncertain and incomplete knowledge with knowledge reasoning, but for complex systems and some new technology fields, simply rely on the machines learning, the results is not reliable. Absorb the expert knowledge, will help us to grasp the development of this field more accurately. This paper divided expert knowledge into two categories: the decisive expert knowledge and the experts’ knowledge for reference, then proposed a novel man-machine cooperative intelligent reduction algorithm (RAEK) to search the minimum reduction based on the different status of expert knowledge. Finally, the empirical analysis result on the Micro-electromechanical Systems (MEMS) field shows that the RAEK algorithm is feasible and efficient.

For complex systems and some new technology fields, simply rely on machines learning, the results are not reliable. Absorb the expert knowledge, will help us to more accurately grasp the status and the development of the complex or new fields. This paper presents a novel reduction algorithm that takes into account the knowledge of experts. The attributes set is divided into two subset according to the scores of the expert knowledge: the set of attributes with decisive expert knowledge and the set of attributes with experts' knowledge for reference, then a novel man-machine cooperative intelligent reduction algorithm (IRAEK, Intelligent Reduction Algorithm based on Expert Knowledge) is proposed to find the minimum reduction based on the different scores of expert knowledge. Finally, the empirical analysis result on the Micro-electromechanical Systems (MEMS) field shows that the IRAEK algorithm is feasible and efficient.

This paper discusses the stability of continuous fuzzy control systems. Unlike the previous research works of K. Tanaka [3 7] that do a perfect stability analysis on the well known T-S fuzzy model, this paper gives an extension on the stability condition of T-S fuzzy systems with a different strategy: a new variable which is relative to the grade of fuzzy membership function, be introduced into the proving procedures, and a different stability condition educed (with a similar form). With the proposed method, it could design a better controller in a large range. In compared with the basic stability condition (in [3]), two examples of flight control system show that the designed controller has a good robustness on rejecting the parameter perturbation of plant model.

Reduct is an important concept introduced by rough sets theory, and seeking the minimum reduction (MR) is a NP-hard problem. This paper is to present a novel reduction algorithm to search the optimal solution for MR. Firstly, a new 0-1 distinguish matrix was presented to describe the differences among the attributes. And an integer optimization model was built for the MR problem based on the matrix. Then by designing search operators and parameters suitably, we proposed a homogeneous simulated annealing reduction algorithm to solve the MR problem. Finally, the empirical analysis result on the Micro-electromechanical Systems (MEMS) field show that the SA algorithm is feasible and efficient.

Equilibrium programming (EP) is an active topic in mathematical programming. For the EP problem with the fuzzy optimal membership function in objectives and the penalty function in constraints, we propose a new fuzzy approach with simulated annealing algorithm to get the fuzzy optimal solution. The approach provides the decision-makers with a group of fuzzy optimal solutions on similarly fuzzy optimal grade, so that the equilibrium decision can be obtained easily and more reasonably. The numerical simulation of example demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of the approach.