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The blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala is the economically most important cyprinid fish species. As an herbivore, it can be grown by eco-friendly and resource-conserving aquaculture. However, the large number of intermuscular bones in the trunk musculature is adverse to fish meat processing and consumption. As a first towards optimizing this aquatic livestock, we present a 1.116-Gb draft genome of M. amblycephala, with 779.54 Mb anchored on 24 linkage groups. Integrating spatiotemporal transcriptome analyses, we show that intermuscular bone is formed in the more basal teleosts by intramembranous ossification and may be involved in muscle contractibility and coordinating cellular events. Comparative analysis revealed that olfactory receptor genes, especially of the beta type, underwent an extensive expansion in herbivorous cyprinids, whereas the gene for the umami receptor T1R1 was specifically lost in M. amblycephala. The composition of gut microflora, which contributes to the herbivorous adaptation of M. amblycephala, was found to be similar to that of other herbivores. As a valuable resource for the improvement of M. amblycephala livestock, the draft genome sequence offers new insights into the development of intermuscular bone and herbivorous adaptation.

There are some problems in moving coil linear motor for Electro-hydraulic servo valve, such as big weight, small electromagnetic force, long response time and small bandwidth. After simulation analysis on permanent magnet placement and permanent magnet magnetization direction, it is found that distribution of magnetic field lines is uneven, magnetic flux density is low, and magnetic field lines are not vertical with the coil current direction. To solve these problems, a new type of linear force motor with 5 rings stack Halbach permanent magnet array structure is put forward. Through using the new structure, the weight and volume of motor can be reduced, and the electromagnetic force can be increased. Simulation results show that for the new structure, under the coil displacement change, the output electromagnetic force changes little and can maintain good linearity. Using permanent magnet with same volume, the electromagnetic force produced by new force motor is 2.5 times as it is produced by current motor. If the electromagnetic forces produced by two structures are same, the step response time of new type can be decreased of 14.3%, and the bandwidth can be improved to 2 times.

To investigate variation of soil fungal community in response to invasion of Phyllostachys edulis into native broadleaf forest, we characterized the community structure and the abundance of fungi in soil under bamboo (BB), mixture forest of bamboo and broadleaf (MF) and broadleaf forest (BL) using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) and real-time quantitative PCR. The results showed that the most obvious difference in the soil fungal community structure was observed between the BB and BF stands, followed by that between the MF and BL. Shannon index and evenness index of soil fungi were higher in the MF than in the BB and BL. pH and NH4+-N content were the most important environmental gradients on the distribution of fungal community under BB, while NO3(-)-N content significantly affected the distribution of the fungal community under BL. The abundance of fungi in BL was significantly higher than that in BB and MF, and the fungi abundance showed a negative correlation with soil pH but a positive correlation with NO3(-)-N content. These results implied that heterotrophic nitrification driven by fungi could occur in soil of BL, and this process might be changed by the bamboo invasion.

Denaturing gradient-gel electrophoresis and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) were employed to determine the effects of intensive management on soil N2-fixing bacteria in a moso bamboo (Phyllostachys heterocycla) plantation. Soil samples were collected from the moso bamboo stands receiving 0 (CK), 10, 15, 20, and 25 years of intensive management. It was found that intensive management caused a strong decrease in soil pH but a general increase in soil available nutrients. The structure of the N2-fixing bacterial communities in the soils having received 10 and 25 years of intensive management were quite similar to that from the CK; however, those from 15 and 20 years of intensification differed from the CK. With increasing time of intensive management, the abundance and diversity of the nifH gene at first decreased and then increased, with the minimum values being observed after 15 years of intensive management, indicating the eventual resiliency of N2-fixing bacteria to disturbance induced by intensive management. Redundancy analysis indicated that soil available potassium, available nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, and ammonium nitrogen were more closely related to the changes of N2-fixing bacterial community structure compared with the other soil indices measured. In conclusion, the soil N2-fixing bacterial community was negatively affected by intensive management in the short term, but could recover in the long term.

Background: Animal studies have confirmed that statins have neuroprotective effects during and following a subarachnoid hemorrhage; however, the therapeutic effect of statins in humans remains controversial. The interpretation of data currently available on the clinical application of statins to spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage is limited by the small sample sizes used in the studies, making it difficult to draw valid conclusions regarding the multiple neuroprotective effects of statins. Thus, we propose to perform a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled parallel-group clinical trial to determine the effects of atorvastatin on spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage, apoptosis-related factors, and serum inflammatory factors in cerebrospinal fluid and to observe its neuroprotective effect mediated by relieving vasospasm. Methods/Design: This is a randomized parallel-group placebo-controlled double-blind clinical trial. This trial will recruit 300 patients with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage from the Department of Neurosurgery, 101 st Hospital of PLA (Wuxi Taihu Hospital). These patients will be equally and randomly assigned to atorvastatin (40 mg/day) and placebo control groups. Outcomes will be evaluated at baseline, 3, 5, and 14 days after hemorrhage, and 6 months after discharge. The primary outcomes will be the results of computed tomography (CT) angiography combined with CT perfusion imaging and conventional CT. The secondary outcomes will be cerebrospinal fluid analysis, blood testing (tumor necrosis factor α, vascular endothelial growth factor, interleukin-6, and C-reactive protein levels), and the Hunt-Hess classification, the results of transcranial Doppler ultrasonography, and the scores on the Glasgow Coma Scale, the Glasgow Outcome Scale, and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale. Discussion: The results of this trial will provide data on the clinical application and neuroregenerative effect of atorvastatin in the acute stage of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage. Trial registration: This trial was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR-IPR-14005395) on 18 May 2014.

Consumer demands are getting increasingly delicate and personalized, while retailers’ stocking is changing into an advanced mode with more varieties, smaller quantities and multi-batch. As an advanced delivery model, joint distribution is capable to integrate social resources, improve logistics distribution efficiency, ease urban traffic and reduce environmental pollution, and to improve the urban logistics. Basic concepts and operation models are discussed in the paper, and several suggestions for solving the existing problems are proposed.

There are some problems in the permanent magnetic circuit of the current permanent magnet biased magnetic bearings, such as small magnetic force, low magnetic flux density and lack of self-stabilization. To solve this problem, a new hybrid radial magnetic bearing structure has been proposed. The nonlinear model and linearization equation of the new hybrid radial magnetic bearing capacity has been established by current molecular method and virtual displacement theorem. It is found that the permanent magnetic bearing can achieve self-stabilization in the radial degrees of freedom and can reduce the total displacement of negative stiffness. The results show that the air gap flux density is greatly improved by the new hybrid magnetic bearing with Halbach array structure. Current stiffness and displacement rigidity is closely related to initial current and initial gap of the equilibrium position. Near the equilibrium position, current stiffness and displacement rigidity are linear relationship. With the increase of air gap, it remains a good linearity. While with the decrease of air gap, it presents nonlinear characteristics..

The rotor vibration of the unit is sensitive to the running conditions for the turbine group low head, high flow characteristics. It easily lead the rotor bracket of oblique arm structure to crack. The reason of rotor bracket cracks is proved by ANSYS analysis and its repair program have been identified. Running for some time after repair, the main parameters, such as air-gap and other unit operation , have been analyzed. The results are satisfactory, which verifies that the analysis of the rotor bracket crack repair is objective and reasonable.

High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprint has been commonly used in the quality control and assessment of herbal medicines, and two-dimensional (2D) fingerprint obtained by means of HPLC-diode array detector (HPLC/DAD) can provide higher reliability. In this paper, an approach to the analysis of the 2D HPLC/DAD fingerprints, which was based on digital image recognition techniques, was developed for the first time. First, wavelet transform was employed to eliminate noise signal in the 2D fingerprint, and then the 2D fingerprint was converted into grayscale image. Second, several features of the image were calculated, and hierarchical clustering. This approach was applied to the qualitative analysis of the different samples of coptis chinensis, and the clustering result of samples was all highly consistent with the real situation. Based on the densities in grayscale image, three components in standard samples were quantitative analyzed, and the obtained correlation coefficients between concentration and grayscale density were more than 0.999. Our study indicated that the analysis of the 2D HPLC/DAD fingerprint was successful based on the idea and techniques of digital image recognition techniques, and this proposed approach provided a new pathway for the analysis of two-dimensional spectrums.

The (iminophosphoranyl)(thiophosphoranyl)methane [CH2(PPh2═NSiMe3)(PPh2═S)] (2) was obtained by the reaction of the phosphine−phosphinimine [Ph2PCH2(PPh2═NSiMe3)] (1) with sulfur in toluene. Treatment of 2 with BunLi in THF at −90 °C afforded the lithium (iminophosphoranyl)(thiophosphoranyl)methanide [Li{CH(PPh2═S)(PPh2═NSiMe3)}] (3). The geminal dianion derivative [Li2{C(PPh2═S)(PPh2═NSiMe3)}] (4) was synthesized by double deprotonation of 2 with a stoichiometric amount of ButLi in Et2O at −90 °C. The structures of compounds 2−4 have been determined by X-ray crystallography.

Hepcidin is an antimicrobial peptide and putative iron regulatory hormone previously described in mice and humans. Dozens of fish hepcidins have been isolated and characterized so far. Here we present seven hepcidin-like cDNA sequences named AS-hepc1-7, amplified from the normal commercially cultured fish (black porgy) by RACE-PCR. Sequence analysis reveals that these seven potential hepcidin peptides have highly conserved sequences with other known hepcidins, but they are different from each other in constitution and characteristics of predicted mature amino acids. Based on the study, it is deduced that AS-hepc1-7 represent different variants of a family of hepcidin genes in black porgy. To understand the organization of these hepcidin-like genes, we sequenced AS-hepc2 DNA, AS-hepc3 DNA, AS-hepc4 DNA, AS-hepc7 DNA and AS-hepc2 upstream region; and all of the four genomic DNAs consisted of two introns and three exons, the same organization as other reported hepcidins. The tissue-specific gene expression of hepcidins in normal black porgy was evaluated using RT-PCR and dot blot approaches. RT-PCR showed that transcripts of hepcidin-like mRNAs were present in each tested tissue of normal juvenile black porgy, including liver, spleen, kidney, heart, brain, stomach, intestine, gill, skin and blood, but abundant hepcidin-like mRNA transcripts were only detected in the liver, kidney, spleen, intestine and stomach by dot blot assay. In addition, using dot blot and Northern blot approach, a significant increase of hepcidin mRNA transcription was observed in the liver within 48 h after immersion in a suspension of live bacteria, which suggested that the expression pattern of hepcidin-like genes in black porgy might be different in the liver from the other tissues as previously reported in several hepcidin studies.

This study was based on the thiol groups (-SH) of PC2~PC6, which could be reacted with the Monobromobimane (mBBr), in order to get polypeptide derivatives with fluorescent signal. A new method was developed for measuring the Polypeptides by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detector, then the chromatographic conditions of HPLC was optimized; meawhile the reaction proportion of PCs and mBBr was identified by Trap-MS. The results showed that, the reaction proportion of PCs and mBBr was 1:1, the polypeptide derivatives had good stability; the five compounds separation was better, and the peak time focused on the 16.6~22.0 min; the linear correlation coefficient of PC2, PC3, PC4, PC5 and PC6 was0.9991, and the limits of quantification were 0.3, 0.05, 0.3, 0.5 and 0.8 mg · L(-1) respectively, the recovery rate was 83.0%-102.0%; the method was reproducible, RSD2%, this method for measuring the peptide compounds was rapid and accurate.

Objective: To explore the clinical effects of ultra-early microsurgery (< 24 hours) combined with extraventricular drainage for the treatment of poor-grade aneurysms. Methods: A total of 60 patients with poor-grade aneurysms were randomly divided into a microsurgery combined with extraventricular drainage (MED) group and conventional microsurgery (M) group. The prognosis was comparatively studied for these 2 groups. Results: All patients underwent a Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) assessment during a 6-month to 2-year follow-up. The excellent recovery (GOS, 4-5 points) rate for the MED group was 30% higher than that of the M group, while the poor recovery (GOS, 1-2 points) rate was 26.7% lower than that of the M group (P = 0.016). The incidence of acute brain swelling (26.7% vs 53.3%; P = 0.035), cerebral infarction (20% vs 46.7%; P = 0.025), and vasospasm (16.7% vs 40%; P = 0.045) for the MED group was significantly lower than that of the M group. Conclusions: For microsurgery combined with extraventricular drainage, the risk of cerebral infarction and vasospasm were significantly reduced for patients with poor-grade aneurysms, and the prognosis was better.

BACKGROUND: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is pneumonia acquired infectiously from normal social contact as opposed to being acquired during hospitalization. CAP is a leading cause of illness and death. This review aims to determine the efficacy and safety of glucocorticoids in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). DATA SOURCES: We searched randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from Pubmed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Chinese Journal Full-text Database, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database to obtain the information by using steroids, glucocorticoids, cortisol, corticosteroids, community-acquired pneumonia and CAP as key words. The quality of RCTs was evaluated. A Meta-analysis was made using RevMan 5.0 provided by the Cochrance Collaboration. RESULTS: Seven RCTs involving 944 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The mean length of hospital stay in glucocorticoids treatment group was significantly shorter than that in standard treatment group (WMD=-1.70, 95%CI 2.01-1.39, Z=10.81, P

High-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) technique in semi-preparative scale has been applied to separate and purify salvianolic acids from the water extract of Danshen, Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. High efficiency HSCCC separation was achieved on a two-phase solvent system composed of a mixture of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-water-methanol (1.5:5:5:1.5, v/v) by eluting the lower mobile phase at a flow-rate of 1.7ml/min and a revolution of 850rpm. A total of five well separated peaks were obtained in the HSCCC chromatogram, and their purities determined by HPLC-UV absorption. These peaks were characterized by UV-vis spectra and ESI-MS, and the data compared with the reference standards. Salvianolic acid B was positively identified as one of the major peaks. Three of the remaining four peaks were also tentatively identified as rosmarinic acid, lithospermic acid, and salvianolic acid E, an isomer of salvianolic acid B, all are members of the salvianolic acids group. In a typical run, tens of milligrams of samples can be separated with high efficiency to yield tens of milligrams of purified materials with over 98% purity. HSCCC thus provides a cost-effective alternative to preparative scale HPLC for the semi-preparative scale separation and purification of salvianolic acids in Danshen. With appropriate modifications, the technique should also be applicable to other herbs in general.

Methionine synthase (MS) is grouped into two classes. Class One MS (MetH) and Class Two MS (MetE) share no homology and differ in their catalytic model. Based on the conserved sequences of metE genes from different organisms, a segment of the metE gene was first cloned from Pichia pastoris genomic DNA by PCR, and its 5' and 3' regions were further cloned by 5'- and 3'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE), respectively. The assembled sequence reveals an open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 768 residues, and the deduced product shares 76% identity with MetE of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. P. pastoris methionine synthase (PpMetE) consists of two domains common to MetEs. The active site is located in the C-terminal domain, in which the residues involved in the interaction of zinc with substrates are conserved. Homologous expression of PpMetE in P. pastoris was achieved, and the heterolo- gous expression of PpMetE in the S. cerevisiae strain XJB3-1D that is MetE-defective restored the growth of the mutant on methionine-free minimal media. The gene sequence has been submitted to GenBank/ EMBL/DDBJ under accession No. AY601648.

Stage Ta/T1 urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (Ta/T1 BC) has a marked tendency to recurrence. Long noncoding RNA HOTAIR has been reported to be expressed in some human cancers such as breast cancer, and it may be positively correlated with patient’s prognosis. The aim of our study was to evaluate the prognostic value of HOTAIR in Ta/T1 BC. HOTAIR expression in Ta/T1 BC tissues and adjacent normal tissues was collected from 110 patients and measured by real-time quantitative PCR. The relationships between HOTAIR and the clinical pathological characteristics of Ta/T1 BC patients were analyzed. Immunohistochemistry was done to detect the protein of Wnt inhibitory factor 1 (WIF-1) as well. Ninety out of 110 specimens were detected in HOTAIR high expression. Histological grade and expression levels of HOTAIR were positively correlated with the recurrence rate. HOTAIR expression (hazard ratio 4.712; 95 % CI 2.894–8.714; P

Chemical investigation of a Chinese collection of marine red alga Symphyocladia latiuscula yielded two new highly brominated phenols. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic analysis, including HRMS, 1D and 2D NMR and MS methods. Compounds 1 and 2 were evaluated for radical scavenging capability by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazuyl (DPPH) radical with the IC50 value of 14.5 and 20.5 μg/mL, respectively.

A new method based on high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization time of flight-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-TOF/MS) was developed for the rapid identification of active compounds in Styela clava and the development of its specific chromatograms. Samples were extracted by ultrasonic-assisted extraction, and the extraction conditions were optimized. The developed HPLC-ESI-TOF/MS method was used to identify the components in Styela clava extract, and a specific chromatogram based on HPLC analysis was established. Ten compounds in Styela clava extract have been primary identified by HPLC-ESI-TOF/MS on-line detection combined with literature review. The result of similarity evaluation for specific chromatograms indicated that the quality of different Styela clava samples was not entirely consistent. This method has the advantages of simple operation, rapid measurement and it is a powerful tool for identification of active components in Styela clava and its quality control.

AIM: To investigate and evaluate the pathological features and diagnostic value of focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) with multi-section spiral computed tomography (MSCT) and postprocessing. METHODS: A total of 25 patients with FNH who had undergone MSCT and postprocessing were included in the investigation. All patients had been pathologically or clinically confirmed with FNH. A number of 75 cases of hepatic carcinomas, hemangiomas and adenomas were randomly selected at a same period for a comparative study. RESULTS: There was a single focus in 22 cases and multiple foci in 3 cases. On the plain scan, 17 lesions showed hypodensity, 7 isodensity and 4 hyperdensity (the case with fatty liver). With contrast, 28 lesions were enhanced evenly or in the nodules in the arterial phase; 13 lesions still showed hyperdensity, 11 lesions isodensity and 4 lesions hypodensity in the parenchymatous phase; in the delayed phase only 5 lesions showed hyperdensity but 9 lesions showed isodensity or slight hypodensity and 14 lesions showed hypodensity. Twelve lesions of 28 had central asteroid scars. Thickened feeding arteries in postprocessing were seen in 24 lesions, and were integrated into the parenchymatous lesions with a gradual and smooth course. On the contrary, there were no artery penetrated into the lesion found in any of comparative hepatic tumors. CONCLUSION: Doctors could make a correct diagnosis and differentiation of FNH on evaluation of the characteristic appearance on MSCT with postprocessing.

To investigate the inhibitory effect of Oridonin injection on heterotransplanted tumors of human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line BGC823 cells in nude mice and explore its mechanism.Heterotransplanted models of human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line BGC823 cells in nude mice were established. They were divided at random into three groups as control group, low-dose group and high-dose group. The Oridonin solution at concentration of 37.5 mg x kg(-1 x d(-1) and 75 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) were injected to the mice in low-dose group and high-dose group, respectively, and 0.9% sodium chloride was injected to the mice of control group per day for 10 days sequentially. The mice of the three groups were sacrificed at 11th day after the first injection of Oridonin. The tumor weight of the sacrificed mice was measured. Morphological and ultrastructural examinations of the tumors were carried out by light and electron microscopy. The expression of bcl-2, Bax, Fas and FasL was detected by immunohistochemistry.Oridonin injection showed a suppressive effect on the growth of heterotransplanted tumors in the nude mice. The tumor growth inhibition rates were 48.5% and 70.7% in the low-dose and high-dose groups, respectively. The morphological study demonstrated that tumor cells displayed a typical appearance of apoptosis. The expression of bcl-2 was down-regulated, while Bax, Fas and FasL were up-regulated.Oridonin can markedly inhibit the growth of heterotransplanted human gastric adenocarcinoma in nude mice. It was due, at least in part, to the induction of apoptosis in cancer cells.

To develop a HPLC-DAD-ESI-TOF/MS analysis method for the determination of gentiopicroside and loganic acid in Radix gentianae samples and for the research of their fingerprints. The samples were extracted using ASE for 10 min under 100 degrees C and 9.65 MPa, and divided into water phase and chloroform phase and analyzed them with HPLC-DAD-ESI-TOF/MS method respectively. Based on this method, the HPLC fingerprints of Radix gentianae were established. Comparing the spectrogram and mass spectrum of the chromatogram peak with the reference value, three compounds in water phase were identified as gentiopicroside, asafetida acid and loganic acid. There is no report of the compounds in chloroform phase. The content of gentiopicroside and loganic acid in samples of different groups were determined, separately. The fingerprints were compared by the software of the similarity evaluation system for chromatographic fingerprint. The water phase fingerprint congruence coefficients of samples from six different areas were above 0.90, however, the chloroform phase fingerprint congruence coefficients were within 0.62 -0.99. This method can be used for determination of potent component in Radix gentianae and its quality control. Radix gentianae from different producing areas have the largest diversities, and the diversities embodied in the content of chloroform phase compounds.

To investigate the expression and significance of HSP27, HSP60, HSP70 and HSP90 alpha in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and tissues along the incision margin (TIM).The presence and the level of expression of HSP27, HSP60, HSP70 and HSP90 alpha were determined in 168 specimens from ESCC and 42 from tissues along TIM by EnVision immunohistochemistry and Western blotting, to compare their positive staining rates and explore the correlation between their expressions and clinicopathologic features in ESCC.The positive staining rates of HSP27, HSP60, HSP70 and HSP90 alpha in ESCC and TIM were 62.0% and 42.1%, 92.7% and 63.2%, 57.9% and 22.2%, and 33.7% and 18.5%, respectively. There was very significant difference between the expression of HSP60 and HSP70 in ESCC and TIM (P0.01), but not significant about HSP27 and HSP90 alpha (P0.05). The positive staining rate of HSP27 declined with the lower grade of differentiation of ESCC (P0.05).The present findings suggest that the expression of HSPs of different molecular weight in ESCC and TIM is a common event. The level of expressions of HSP60 and HSP70 are higher than those in TIM. HSP60 and HSP70 expression correlated with the biological behavior of ESCC. The expression of HSP27 was positively correlated to the grade of differentiation of ESCC. Overexpression of HSP27 may be associated to the differentiation of squamous cell carcinoma.

The directional normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was calculated by using field measured spectral data of the winter wheat canopies at the crop different growth and development stages. In the principal plane, the hotspot and directional NDVI were analyzed. The relationships between NDVI and leaf area index (LAI) were developed, and the effects of the directionality on vegetation index based applications were discussed as well. Considering the reflectance changes near the hotspot for the two winter wheat cultivars which have a horizontal leaf type and an erectile leaf type, respectively, we find spectral reflectances of the red and near-infrared bands at the hotspot are slightly higher than those near the hotspot. However, NDVI at the hotspot is significantly lower than that near the hotspot. The regression analysis results between NDVI and LAI show that there are significant exponent correlations between directional NDVI and LAI for the two cultivars. However, the coefficients of the exponent equations and the correlation coefficients are varied with the viewing zenith angles, and the correlation coefficients for the two wheat canopy types are also varied at a given viewing angle. These results indicate the directionality of NDVI should be considered for NDVI based agricultural applications.

The contents of elements such as Mg, Al, P, Ca, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Sr, Mo, Cd and Pb in twelve Panax quinque folium. L samples were determined by means of ICP/MS. The results were used for the development of element fingerprint chromatogram. The principal component analysis of SPSS was applied for the study of characteristic elements in Panax quinque folium. L. Five principal components which accounted for over 90% of the total variance were extracted from the original data. The analysis results show that Fe, Al, V, Mn, Mg, Sr, Mo, Ca and Cu may be the characteristic elements in Panax quinque folium. L. The results of Q-type cluster analysis show that the samples could be clustered reasonably into five groups, and the elemental distribution characteristics are related to the breeds of Panax quinque folium. L.

Anthraquinone-derivatives, chrysophanol and pachybasin, were purified by a silica column chromatography with two different solvent systems from Trichoderma harzianum ETS 323. The fungus was incubated in sugarcane bagasse solid medium at room temperature without rotation. Structure of chrysophanol was solved by X-ray diffraction and pachybasin by NMR spectra. About 233+/-13 mg of pure chrysophanol and 773+/-40 mg of pure pachybasin were recovered per kg of solid cultural medium, with yields 1.7+/-0.2% and 5.6+/-0.5%, respectively.

HBp17 (FGFBP-1), a secreted Mr17,000 heparin-binding protein, binds reversibly to acidic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-1) and to basic FGF (FGF-2). HBp17 is synthesized by normal human keratinocytes and by squamous carcinoma cells including highly tumorigenic A431 human epidermoid carcinoma cells. In this study we have examined the role of HBp17 in the tumorigenicity of A431 cells. HBp17 cDNA was cloned into an RSV LTR-driven expression vector and used to transfect A431-4, a non-tumorigenic A431 clonal variant that expresses FGF-1 and FGF-2 but not HBp17. A431-4-1 cells, which were transfected with HBp17 cDNA, produced palpable tumors in nude mice in 6–8 weeks, while empty vector transfectants formed no tumors in 14 weeks. Secondary and tertiary tumors derived from A431-4-1 cells were increasingly more tumorigenic than the original HBp17 cDNA transfectants. By northern blot analysis, the tumorigenicity of the A431-4 transfectants correlated with HBp17 mRNA expression levels and not with the levels of FGF-1 or FGF-2 transcripts. Higher levels of FGF-1 and FGF-2 were present in culture medium conditioned by A431-4-1 transfectants expressing HBp17 and their derivatives than in medium conditioned by non-tumorigenic A431-4-0 control cells. These results indicate that HBp17 potentiates the development of squamous cell carcinomas through its interactions with the two prototypic members of the fibroblast growth factor family. Since A431 cells are not growth stimulated by FGFs 1 or 2, the potentiation of tumor growth likely occurs through a paracrine rather than an autocrine mechanism.

A 17 kD heparin-binding protein (HBp17) has a biphasic dose-dependent effect on DNA synthesis in 3T3 cells. Maximal stimulation of DNA synthesis occurs at 8 ng/ml HBp17, but a half-maximal inhibition occurs at approximately 500 ng/ml. This inhibition can easily be reversed by addition of 400 pg/ml aFGF or 100 pg/ml bFGF, whereas EGF had no effect. This biphasic action of HBp17 was also seen in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), whereas it was not found in the malignant cell line, A431-AJC. The functional relationship between HBp17 and FGF is discussed.

Five antibodies against vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (VEGF165) were obtained. These antibodies, Ab-2, Ab-20, Ab-153, Ab-309, Ab-342, were able to recognize not only native VEGF165, but also reducing VEGF165. Three of the antibodies, Ab-153, Ab-309, Ab-342, were identified as VEGF165 neutralizing antibody on the basis of its ability to inhibit the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) induced by VEGF165 and the binding of [125I]-VEGF165 to receptors on HUVEC. The fragments of E1 (VEGF120-135) and E2 (VEGF46-60) recognized by neutralizing antibodies may be related the receptor binding domain of VEGF.

In the title compound, C12H14ClN5O4, the dihedral angles between the purine plane and two methoxycarbonyl planes are 15.806 (19) and 68.818 (18)°. Intermolecular N—H...O and N—H...N hydrogen bonds link molecules into bands along the b axis; they are further aggregated via C—H...O interactions into layers parallel to the ab plane.

HBp17 was purified by Heparin-Copper biaffinity chromatography and HPLC from conditioned medium of A431 cell. The purified HBp17 was digested by staphylococcus urcus V8 protease or chymotrypsin and the heparin-binding fragments were isolated by Heparin-Sepharose. One binding site of peptide mapping is HBp17 residues 110-145 produced by V8. Another one is HBp17 residues 82-143 which were produced by chymotrypsin digestion. Two binding sites of peptide mapping are overlap. Therefore the residues 110-143 of HBp17 are the principle heparin binding site. The basic amino acid cluster in this region may be contribute to the binding of HBp17 to heparin or heparan sulfate proteoglycan on the cell surface and extracellular matrix.

Because of design, manufacture, installation and operation, there are some relatively eccentric in bulb tubular turbine units under operating condition. It easily caused uneven air gap, unbalanced magnetic field, unbalanced magnetic pull and torque. It could also increase the bending and torsion vibration of generator,at the same time, the roundness of stator and rotor would be aggravated which often caused by accidents such as generator sweep chamber. In this paper, basing on the design, installation and operation experience, the reasons of the unbalanced magnetic pull, mechanism and operation research were analyzed by theoretical calculation and the prototype test.